CN119044885A

CN119044885A - Sound source direction finding and positioning device for single-pass sound device

Info

Publication number: CN119044885A
Application number: CN202411137923.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘松国; 王媛; 莫迪; 张宇敏; 唐天全; 刘翔; 陈铭熙
Original assignee: Foshan University
Current assignee: Foshan University
Priority date: 2024-08-19
Filing date: 2024-08-19
Publication date: 2024-11-29
Anticipated expiration: 2044-08-19
Also published as: CN119044885B

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of sound source positioning, specifically a single-microphone sound source direction finding and positioning device, including a shell, the shell is set as a hollow polyhedron, each face of which is provided with an acoustic switch connected to the external space of the shell, a microphone is installed inside the shell, and sound-absorbing cotton is filled between the microphone and the inner wall of the shell. The acoustic switch includes a holder, a suspension diaphragm is arranged inside the holder, and a permanent magnet and an iron core are connected to the holder in sequence; a coil is also attached to the suspension diaphragm near the end of the iron core, and the coil is connected to an external analog circuit through a connecting line. Only a single microphone is used. Compared with the traditional array-type sound source positioning system that needs to arrange multiple or even dozens of instrument-level microphones, this invention has a simple structure, low cost, and is easy to use, and the threshold for use is not high; and because the number of microphones is small, it is convenient to process the collected data, and the processing speed is fast, which greatly reduces the burden on the system.

Description

Sound source direction finding and positioning device for single-pass sound device

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of sound source positioning, and particularly relates to a single-transducer sound source direction finding and positioning device.

Background

With the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, noise pollution has become a serious environmental problem, affecting people's quality of life and health. In processing various kinds of noise, it is generally necessary to determine the position of the noise source and to determine the noise source so that appropriate measures can be taken to reduce the noise. On the other hand, the fault of the industrial equipment is also likely to generate abnormal sound, and the noise source positioning technology can be used as an equipment fault diagnosis method. Therefore, the noise source positioning technology has important application in the fields of environmental noise monitoring, industrial equipment fault diagnosis, traffic noise management and the like.

Traditional noise source localization methods rely primarily on acoustic sensor arrays by measuring the arrival time or phase difference of sound waves between different sensors and calculating the location of the noise source using various algorithms. By superimposing the visual image, the noise source distribution can be displayed on the image. Array-based sound source localization devices are also called acoustic cameras.

Microphone arrays constituting sound source localization devices can be generally classified into linear arrays, uniform arrays, circular arrays, spiral arrays, and random arrays, and sound source localization systems constructed by any of the arrays rely on the cooperative operation of a plurality of even tens of microphones, and the position of a noise source is determined by measuring the arrival time difference or phase difference of sound waves between different sensors. These systems solve the noise source localization problem to some extent, but still have some significant limitations. First, conventional array type sound source localization systems require the arrangement of a plurality of even tens of instrument level microphones (alternatively referred to as microphones), resulting in high costs.

At the same time, each sensor needs to be precisely aligned to a specific geometry, which not only increases the design and installation complexity of the system, but also increases hardware costs and maintenance costs. And the relative errors of these sensors require calibration, making their use quite complex. Because of the large number of microphones, more data will be generated in the process of collecting sound field data, and complex algorithms and high computational resources are required for processing and analyzing the data of multiple sensors. In particular, as the number of sensors increases, the complexity of data processing and computational requirements increase exponentially, increasing the burden on the system. The complexity of these data processing also makes conventional array type sound source localization systems often respond slower when dealing with dynamically changing noise sources. Real-time changes in noise source location require extensive data processing and computation, and conventional systems have difficulty tracking and locating moving noise sources quickly.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the single-microphone sound source direction finding and positioning device, which only uses a single microphone, and compared with the traditional array sound source positioning system, a plurality of even tens of instrument-level microphones are required to be arranged.

The invention relates to a single-transmitter sound source direction finding and positioning device, which comprises a shell, wherein the shell is provided with a hollowed polyhedron, each surface of the shell is provided with a sound switch communicated with the outer space of the shell, a microphone is arranged in the shell, and sound absorption cotton is filled between the microphone and the inner wall of the shell.

The sound switch comprises a retainer, a suspension vibrating diaphragm is arranged in the retainer, a permanent magnet and an iron core are sequentially connected behind the retainer, a coil is further attached to the end, close to the iron core, of the suspension vibrating diaphragm, and the coil is connected with an external analog circuit through a connecting wire.

And a dust cover is further arranged on the suspension vibrating diaphragm to cover the iron core.

The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that the sound switch array is in the sound conduction state or the cut-off state according to a certain time sequence, so that sound waves are sequentially transmitted to the microphones in the device from a plurality of surfaces of the device one by one and detection sound wave signals are received, and the size of the sound waves entering in all directions at different times is judged. By identifying the magnitudes of the detected sound wave amplitudes at different time periods, the center line of the microphone and the surface with the largest corresponding sound wave can be determined as the direction of the detected sound source. Compared with the traditional array type sound source positioning system, which needs to arrange a plurality of even tens of instrument-level microphones, the invention has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, easy operation, low using threshold, convenience for processing collected data due to the small number of microphones, high processing speed and great reduction of the burden of the system.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an overall sound source direction finding and positioning device according to an embodiment;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a sound source direction finding and locating device in a semi-cut-away view in an embodiment;

FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an acoustic switch in an embodiment;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a test assay according to an embodiment;

FIG. 5 is a graph showing the detection results of the first detection test in the example;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a second detection test in the embodiment;

FIG. 7 is a graph showing the detection results of the second detection test in the example;

1-shell, 2-sound switch, 21-holder, 22-suspension vibrating diaphragm, 23-permanent magnet, 24-iron core, 25-coil, 26-dust cover, 201-sound switch I, 202-sound switch II, 203-sound switch III, 204-sound switch IV, 205-sound switch V, 206-sound switch VI, 3-microphone, 4-sound absorption cotton, 5-analog circuit and 6-sound source.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments.

Example 1

Referring to fig. 1 to 3, a direction finding and positioning device for a sound source of a single sound transducer comprises a shell 1, wherein the shell 1 is provided with a hollowed hexahedron, each surface of the shell is provided with a sound switch communicated with the external space of the shell 1, the sound switch comprises a retainer 21, a suspension diaphragm 22 is arranged in the retainer 21, a permanent magnet 23 and an iron core 24 are sequentially connected behind the retainer 21, a coil 25 is further attached to the end, close to the iron core 24, of the suspension diaphragm 22, the coil 25 is connected with an external analog circuit 5 through a connecting wire, and the suspension diaphragm with an electric coil 25 and a magnetic field is juxtaposed with the analog circuit 5, so that the proper acoustic impedance of the sound switch is artificially increased or reduced, and the effect of the sound switch is achieved.

The inside of the shell 1 is provided with a microphone 3, and sound absorption cotton 4 is filled between the microphone 3 and the inner wall of the shell 1. And the distance between the microphone 3 and each sound switch is consistent.

The sound switch array is in a sound conduction state or a cut-off state according to a certain time sequence, so that sound waves are sequentially transmitted to the microphone 3 in the device from a plurality of surfaces of the device one by one and detection sound wave signals are received, and the size of the sound waves entering in different directions is judged. By identifying the magnitudes of the detected sound wave amplitudes at different time periods, the center line of the microphone 3 and the surface corresponding to the largest sound wave can be determined as the direction of the detected sound source 6. Compared with the traditional array type sound source 6 positioning system, which only uses a single microphone 3, the invention has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, easy operation, low using threshold, convenience for processing collected data due to the small number of microphones 3, high processing speed and great reduction of the burden of the system, and a plurality of even dozens of instrument-level microphones 3 are required to be arranged.

In order to prevent dust from entering the inside of the acoustic switch and affecting the detection performance, a dust cover 26 is further provided on the suspension diaphragm 22 to cover the iron core 24.

Example 2

Detection test one:

As shown in fig. 4, a stable sound source 6 is placed at a certain distance from the sound source 6 direction-finding and positioning device of the Shan Chuansheng, and the approximate opposite direction of the sound source 6 and the device is determined by detecting the sound pressure of the sound switches one 201 to six 206 propagating to the internal microphone 3 through each surface.

As shown in fig. 5, the ordinate indicates the acoustic power, and the abscissa 1 to 6 indicates the acoustic switches corresponding to one to six, and the line diagram indicates that the acoustic power passing through the acoustic switch three 203 is the largest, that is, the direction in which the acoustic source 6 corresponds to the acoustic switch three 203.

Example 3

And (2) detection test II:

the device is moved again by a certain position or angle on the basis of the direction finding of fig. 4, the home position being indicated by a broken line and the new position being indicated by a solid line, as shown in fig. 6.

The sound pressure transmitted to the internal microphone 3 by the first through sixth switches 201 through 206 is detected again, and the direction of the sound source 6 is determined secondarily, as can be seen from fig. 7, the sound power passing through the fourth switch 204 is the largest, i.e. the direction corresponding to the fourth switch 204 of the sound source 6. The intersection point of the extension line of the second measuring direction and the first measuring direction is the approximate position of the sound source 6, if the accuracy of the direction is to be improved, the range can be narrowed by multiple transposition measurement, the device can be set to be in a polyhedral structure such as an octahedron, a dodecahedron and the like, the number of detection surfaces and acoustic switches is improved, and the accuracy of direction finding is further improved.

In conclusion, the two experiments prove that the device has stronger direction finding and positioning functions. Has certain feasibility and practicability.

The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended only to assist in the explanation of the invention. The preferred embodiments are not exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching.

Claims

1. A sound source direction finding and positioning device of a single sound transmitter is characterized by comprising a shell (1), wherein the shell (1) is provided with a hollow polyhedron, each face of the shell is provided with a sound switch (2) communicated with the outer space of the shell (1), a microphone (3) is arranged in the shell (1), sound absorbing cotton (4) is filled between the microphone (3) and the inner wall of the shell (1), the sound switch (2) comprises a retainer (21), a suspension vibrating diaphragm (22) is arranged in the retainer (21), a permanent magnet (23) and an iron core (24) are sequentially connected behind the retainer (21), a coil (25) is further attached to the end, close to the iron core (24), of the suspension vibrating diaphragm (22), and the coil (25) is connected with an external analog circuit (5) through a connecting wire.

2. The Shan Chuansheng instrument (3) sound source (6) direction finding and locating device according to claim 1, wherein a dust cover (26) is further arranged on the suspension diaphragm (22) to cover the iron core (24).