CN118959213A - Pneumatic wave energy generation flood control system - Google Patents
Pneumatic wave energy generation flood control system Download PDFInfo
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- CN118959213A CN118959213A CN202411035568.7A CN202411035568A CN118959213A CN 118959213 A CN118959213 A CN 118959213A CN 202411035568 A CN202411035568 A CN 202411035568A CN 118959213 A CN118959213 A CN 118959213A
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
- F03B13/08—Machine or engine aggregates in dams or the like; Conduits therefor, e.g. diffusors
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/06—Moles; Piers; Quays; Quay walls; Groynes; Breakwaters ; Wave dissipating walls; Quay equipment
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/10—Dams; Dykes; Sluice ways or other structures for dykes, dams, or the like
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
- F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
- F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
- F03B13/24—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy to produce a flow of air, e.g. to drive an air turbine
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)
Abstract
The application relates to a pneumatic wave energy power generation flood control system. The system includes a flood bank and a plurality of power generation devices. The sea side of the flood control dike is provided with a plurality of accommodating spaces and a plurality of wave guiding wall units, and two sides of any one of the accommodating spaces are provided with the wave guiding wall units. The power generation devices are accommodated in the accommodating spaces in a one-to-one correspondence mode, the foremost edge of each wave guide wall unit, which faces to the sea side, protrudes out of the foremost edges of the power generation devices on two sides of the wave guide wall unit, each power generation device comprises a cylinder body and a turbine which is rotatably arranged on the cylinder body, an opening is formed in the bottom of the cylinder body on the sea side, when waves flow into the cylinder body through the opening, an air chamber located on a water-air interface and an air flow channel which is communicated with the air chamber and the outside atmosphere are formed in the top of the cylinder body, and the pressure difference in the air flow channel can drive the turbines to rotate. The scheme can realize the efficient capturing and utilizing of wave energy and has the functions of preventing waves and eliminating waves.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of power generation, in particular to a pneumatic wave energy power generation flood control system.
Background
Wave energy is a clean and renewable energy source, and is stored in the ocean all over the world, so that the wave energy has great development potential. It is estimated that the theoretical storage of global wave energy is as high as hundreds of thousands of tera-watt hours (TWh), and fully exploiting this energy can significantly alleviate global energy crisis and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. At present, wave energy power generation technology mainly comprises a plurality of types such as mechanical type, pneumatic type, hydraulic transmission type, electromagnetic type and the like, and each type has unique working principles and application scenes.
The pneumatic wave energy power generation device drives air flow by utilizing the up-and-down motion of waves, and drives the turbine to rotate by the air flow, so that power generation is realized. The device mainly comprises an oscillation water column type power generation device, the device captures waves through an open bottom structure, so that an internal water column oscillates up and down along with the waves, the pressure in an air chamber is caused to periodically change, and the air turbine is further driven to rotate. However, because the density and energy distribution of the wave energy are not uniform, the power generation efficiency of a single pneumatic wave energy device is low, and the wave energy is difficult to be effectively captured and converted; moreover, in order to improve the capturing efficiency and adapt to complex marine environments, the conventional pneumatic wave energy power generation device often needs complex structural design and high construction cost; however, in an extreme marine environment, a single wave energy power generation device is easily damaged, and the maintenance cost is high and the difficulty is high.
In addition, breakwaters are widely used as an important marine engineering facility for protecting coastlines and harbors from waves. Conventional breakwaters reduce the impact of waves, mainly by physically blocking and dissipating wave energy, protecting the facilities and environment behind. However, in the process of blocking and dissipating a large amount of wave energy by the breakwater, the wave energy cannot be converted into useful energy, so that on one hand, the waste of energy resources is caused, and on the other hand, the foundation is flushed before the breakwater and is easy to be damaged by undercut due to the severe turbulence generated in the process of blocking and dissipating the wave energy; and, the cost of the breakwater construction and maintenance alone is relatively high, and the economical efficiency is relatively poor.
Based on the above, in order to realize sharing ocean space, reduce construction and operation and maintenance costs, improve economic benefits, increase energy capture and electric energy output simultaneously, can consider to fuse arrayed wave energy power generation device and breakwater and form the electricity generation breakwater, help the degree of depth to fuse wave energy power generation industry and ocean engineering and equipment industry, promote the cross fusion and the innovation development of relevant industry, form the new industry pattern that wave energy power generation and ocean engineering/equipment industry cross fusion.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a pneumatic wave energy power generation flood control system which can realize the coupling integration of an arrayed power generation device and a flood control dike, thereby not only meeting the high-efficiency capturing utilization of wave energy, but also having the functions of wave prevention and wave elimination.
A pneumatic wave energy power flood control system comprising:
the flood control dike is provided with a plurality of accommodating spaces and a plurality of wave guide wall units on the sea side, and the wave guide wall units are arranged on two sides of any one of the accommodating spaces;
The power generation devices are accommodated in the accommodating spaces in a one-to-one correspondence mode, the foremost edge of each wave guide wall unit, which faces the sea side, protrudes out of the foremost edges of the power generation devices on two sides of the wave guide wall unit, each power generation device comprises a cylinder body and a turbine which can be rotatably arranged on the cylinder body, an opening is formed in the bottom of the cylinder body on the sea side, when waves rush into the cylinder body through the opening, an air chamber located on an air-air interface and an air flow channel which is communicated with the air chamber and the outside atmosphere are formed in the top of the cylinder body, and the pressure difference in the air flow channel can drive the turbine to rotate.
Optionally, the wave guiding wall unit is provided with an elliptical column structure, the axial direction of the elliptical column structure is consistent with the height direction of the power generation device, and the surface of one side of the wave guiding wall unit facing the sea side is an elliptical cambered surface.
Optionally, the foremost edge of the sea side of the wave guiding wall unit is a long shaft end or a short shaft end of the oval cylinder structure, and the distance that the foremost edge of the sea side of the wave guiding wall unit protrudes out of the foremost edge of the sea side of the power generation device is at least one long shaft radius or one short shaft radius of the oval cylinder structure.
Optionally, the system further comprises a bottom slope structure disposed below the opening, the bottom slope structure extending rearward from a foremost edge of the power generation device facing the sea side and gradually sloping upward.
Optionally, the inclination angle of the bottom slope structure is 45+/-5 degrees.
Optionally, the cylinder is a cylindrical cylinder, the accommodating space is a semi-cylindrical space, a rear semicircle of the cylinder is positioned in the semi-cylindrical space, a front semicircle of the cylinder faces the sea side, and the center distance between two adjacent accommodating spaces is 2-10 times of the inner diameter of the cylinder.
Optionally, the cylinder comprises a cylinder body and an air flow channel cylinder body connected to the center of the top of the cylinder body, wherein the bottom of the cylinder body forms the opening, the top of the cylinder body forms the air chamber,
The air flow channel cylinder body is hollow, the air flow channel is formed by the hollow cavity inside, the blades of the turbine are arranged in the air flow channel, and the shaft part of the turbine is positioned in the hollow part of the air flow channel cylinder body.
Optionally, the air flow channel comprises a lower flow channel communicated with the air chamber, an upper flow channel communicated with the external atmosphere and an intermediate flow channel communicated with the lower flow channel and the upper flow channel, the blades of the turbine are arranged in the intermediate flow channel, and the flow area gradually decreases from the lower flow channel to the intermediate flow channel.
Optionally, the flow area gradually decreases from the upper flow channel to the intermediate flow channel.
Optionally, the air channel cylinder body comprises an inner cylinder body and an outer cylinder body sleeved on the outer side of the inner cylinder body,
The inner cylinder body comprises a cylindrical inner cylinder section coaxial with the turbine, an inner cylinder lower cylinder section connected with the lower end of the inner cylinder section and gradually extending to the periphery along the radial direction, an inner cylinder upper cylinder section connected with the upper end of the inner cylinder section and gradually extending to the periphery,
The outer cylinder body comprises a cylindrical outer cylinder section coaxial with the turbine, an outer cylinder lower cylinder section connected with the lower end of the outer cylinder section and gradually extending to the periphery along the radial direction, an outer cylinder upper cylinder section connected with the upper end of the inner cylinder section and gradually extending to the periphery,
The gap between the lower cylinder section of the inner cylinder and the lower cylinder section of the outer cylinder forms the lower flow passage, the gap between the upper cylinder section of the inner cylinder and the upper cylinder section of the outer cylinder forms the upper flow passage, and the gap between the inner cylinder section and the outer cylinder section forms the middle flow passage.
Optionally, a plurality of arc-shaped lower guide vanes are arranged in the lower flow channel, and the plurality of lower guide vanes are uniformly distributed at intervals around the axis of the turbine; and/or
A plurality of arc-shaped upper guide vanes are arranged in the upper flow passage and are uniformly distributed at intervals around the axis of the turbine.
The application provides a pneumatic wave energy power generation flood control system, wherein a plurality of power generation devices are coupled and integrated with a flood control dike, so that the function combination of the power generation devices and the flood control dike is realized. Meanwhile, the wave guide wall unit reduces scattering and radiation loss of wave energy transmitted to other directions when the wave energy enters and exits the power generation device, and has the functions of wave prevention and wave elimination while meeting the requirements of efficient capturing and utilization of the wave energy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a pneumatic wave energy power generation flood control system in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the pneumatic wave energy power flood control system shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the system shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a power generation device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the air flow passage shown in FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is an exploded view of the cartridge;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the air flow path cartridge shown in FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the electrical connection of the control to the generator;
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the duration of aerodynamic power captured by an aerodynamic wave power generation device at an intermediate position compared to a conventional breakwater without a wave guide wall and without a bottom slope under the wave design condition;
FIG. 10 is a graph showing the duration of aerodynamic power captured by an aerodynamic wave power generation device at other locations in the present application, compared to a conventional breakwater without a wave wall and without a bottom slope, under design wave conditions;
FIG. 11 is a graph showing the course of horizontal load captured by a pneumatic wave energy power generation device at an intermediate position compared to a conventional breakwater without a wave guide wall and without a bottom slope under the wave design condition;
FIG. 12 is a graph showing the course of horizontal load captured by a pneumatic wave power plant at other locations in the present application, compared to a conventional breakwater without a wave wall and without a bottom slope, under design wave conditions;
FIG. 13 is a plot of moment load versus time captured by a mid-position aerodynamic wave power device of the present application, compared to a conventional breakwater without a wave guide wall and without a bottom slope, under design wave conditions;
Fig. 14 is a plot of moment load versus time captured by a pneumatic wave power plant at other locations in the present application, as compared to a conventional breakwater without a wave guide wall and without a bottom slope, under design wave conditions.
Reference numerals illustrate:
A system 100; a generator rotor 200;
a flood control dike 10; a housing space 11; a wave guide wall unit 12;
A power generation device 20; a cylinder 21; an opening 210; a gas chamber 211; an air flow passage 212; a lower flow passage 2120; an upper flow passage 2121; an intermediate flow passage 2122; a cartridge body 201; an air flow channel cylinder 202; an inner cylinder 2021; an outer cylinder 2022; an inner barrel section 2021a; an inner lower shell section 2021b; an inner upper shell section 2021c; an outer barrel section 2022a; an outer lower shell section 2022b; an outer upper shell section 2022c; a turbine 22; turbine blade 220, shaft 221;
A bottom slope structure 30; a lower deflector 40; an upper deflector 50; a control system 60; an air pressure sensor 70.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments (or "implementations") of the present application will be clearly and completely described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, the same numbers in different drawings refer to the same or similar elements, unless otherwise indicated.
If there are terms (e.g., upper, lower, left, right, front, rear, inner, outer, top, bottom, center, vertical, horizontal, longitudinal, lateral, length, width, counterclockwise, clockwise, axial, radial, circumferential, etc.) related to directional indications or positional relationships in embodiments of the present application, such terms are used solely to explain the relative positional relationships, movement, etc. between the components in a particular pose (as shown in the drawings); if the particular gesture changes, the directional indication or positional relationship changes accordingly. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present application are used for descriptive convenience only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an operation of a pneumatic wave energy power flood control system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application. Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the pneumatic wave energy power flood control system 100 shown in fig. 1.
The present application provides a pneumatic wave energy power flood control system 100 (hereinafter referred to as system 100), the system 100 comprising a flood dike 10 and a plurality of power generation devices 20. The flood control dike 10 is arranged into a long-strip caisson structure, the bottom is connected with the seabed, and the top is higher than the water surface. The sea side of the flood control dike 10 is provided with a plurality of receiving spaces 11. The power generation devices 20 are accommodated and fixed in the accommodation spaces 11 in a one-to-one correspondence, so that the plurality of power generation devices 20 are arrayed and distributed.
The housing space 11 may be formed to fit the outer shape of the power generation device 20. In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, the power generation device 20 is in a cylindrical structure, and the accommodating space 11 is correspondingly arranged into a semi-cylindrical space, so that a half of the structure of the power generation device 20 is nested in the flood bank 10, the stability of the structure of the power generation device 20 can be improved, and the other half of the structure of the power generation device 20 is exposed out of the flood bank 10 and faces to the sea side, so that an ideal incident wave propagation space is ensured, wave energy is conveniently propagated into the air chamber of the power generation device 20, and wave energy is more conveniently captured. The arrows in fig. 1 point in the direction of the wave's surge towards the power plant 20.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a top view of the pneumatic wave energy power flood control system 100 shown in fig. 2.
As shown in fig. 3, the sea side of the flood dike 10 is further provided with a plurality of wave guiding wall units 12, two sides of any one of the accommodation spaces 11 are respectively provided with a wave guiding wall unit 12, the bottom of each wave guiding wall unit 12 is connected with the sea bottom, and the top of each wave guiding wall unit 12 is level with the top of the flood dike 10. The foremost edge of each wave guiding wall unit 12 facing the sea side protrudes from the foremost edge of the power generation device 20 on both sides of the wave guiding wall unit 12. By this arrangement, each wave guide wall unit 12 can provide an inwardly contracted passage for the power generation devices 20 on both sides of which the incident wave energy propagates, so that the wave energy in a wider direction can be better converged, and the wave energy is easier to propagate into the air chambers of each power generation device 20 in a concentrated manner. Meanwhile, in the wave propagation process, the wave guide wall units 12 can play a certain constraint role, and compared with a breakwater structure without the wave guide wall units 12, the wave guide wall units can greatly reduce scattering and radiation loss propagated to other directions when wave energy enters and exits the power generation device 20.
In an alternative embodiment, the wave wall unit 12 is configured as an oval column, and may specifically be a part of an oval column, for example, but not limited to, 1/2 of an oval column. The axial direction of the oval column structure is consistent with the height direction of the power generation device 20, and the surface of one side of the wave guide wall unit 12 facing the sea side is an oval cambered surface. The oval cambered wave wall units 12 provide a gradual inward contraction path for the incident wave energy to propagate to the power plant 20, which not only helps to reduce the energy loss due to turbulence dissipation during wave energy propagation, but also reduces the horizontal forces acting on the overall structure of the flood bank 10 in the direction of the incoming wave, and to some extent reduces the moment loading of the system 100 with respect to the seabed bed, compared to an upstanding plane.
In an alternative embodiment, the foremost edge of the sea side of the wave wall unit 12 is the long or short axial end of the oval cylinder, and the distance that the foremost edge of the sea side of the wave wall unit 12 protrudes from the foremost edge of the sea side of the power generation device 20 is at least one major or one minor axial radius of the oval cylinder. According to experimental verification, the wave guide wall unit 12 with the structure can improve the capturing pneumatic power peak value of the power generation device 20, and finally, the overall wave energy capturing efficiency is improved.
Referring to fig. 4 and 5, fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a power generation device 20 according to an exemplary embodiment of the application. Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the air flow path 212 shown in fig. 4.
The power generation device 20 comprises a cylinder 21 and a turbine 22 rotatably arranged on the cylinder 21, and an opening 210 for the inflow of waves is arranged at the sea side at the bottom of the cylinder 21. When waves are introduced into the cylinder 21 through the opening 210, a gas chamber 211 and an air flow channel 212 are formed at the top of the cylinder 21 above the water-gas interface a, the air flow channel 212 communicates the gas chamber 211 with the outside atmosphere, and the pressure difference in the air flow channel 212 can drive the turbine 22 to rotate, and the turbine 22 is used for being connected with the generator rotor 200, thereby realizing the power generation of the generator. In practical application scenarios, the power generation device 20 may be immersed in a certain depth below the sea water surface, and the vertical distance between the lowest edge and the still water surface is greater than the maximum amplitude under the design wave condition, so that no matter the trough or the crest of the incident wave acts on the front edge of the power generation device 20, a long-time liquid seal space can be formed in the air chamber 211, thereby ensuring the air tightness of the power generation device 20 in the normal operation stage, and further ensuring the long-time efficient power generation of the system 100.
It should be noted that, driven by external waves, the water-air interface a in the cylinder 21 oscillates up and down. When the trough of the incident wave acts on the front edge of the power generation device 20, the water-air interface a is lifted under the excitation of the wave, so that the volume of air in the air chamber 211 is reduced, meanwhile, the air stored in the air chamber 211 is compressed, and a high-pressure environment is formed, at this time, the air pressure in the air chamber 211 is higher than the external atmospheric pressure, and under the action of the internal and external pressure difference, the high-pressure air in the air chamber 211 flows to the outside through the air flow channel 212, so that the turbine 22 is driven to rotate, and then the generator rotor 200 is driven to rotate. When the wave crest of the incident wave acts on the front edge of the power generation device 20, the water-air interface A is reduced under the excitation action of the wave, so that the volume of air in the air chamber 211 is increased, and a low-pressure environment is formed, at the moment, the air pressure in the air chamber 211 is lower than the external atmospheric pressure, and under the action of the internal and external pressure difference, the external air is sucked into the air chamber 211 through the air flow channel 212, so that the turbine 22 is driven to rotate, and then the generator rotor 200 is driven to rotate. In the above-described process, the bidirectional airflow that acts on the turbine 22 in a reciprocating cycle, but the rotation direction of the turbine 22 is constant, and thus bidirectional power generation can be achieved.
In the system 100, the combination of the functions of the power generation device 20 and the flood control dike 10 is realized, and the functions of high-efficiency capturing and utilizing of wave energy and preventing and eliminating waves to a certain extent are achieved. Meanwhile, the arrayed layout of the plurality of power generation devices 20 is considered, so that the capacity requirement of the general assembly machine in practical application can be more conveniently met, and the requirement and the aim of large-scale development and utilization of wave energy are accelerated.
Referring to fig. 1,3 and 4, in an alternative embodiment, the cylinder 21 is a cylindrical cylinder, the accommodating space 11 is a semi-cylindrical space, the rear semicircle of the cylinder 21 is located in the semi-cylindrical space, the front semicircle of the cylinder 21 faces the sea side, and the center distance between two adjacent accommodating spaces 11 may be 2-10 times the inner diameter of the cylinder. For example, 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, 5-fold, 6-fold, 7-fold, 8-fold, 9-fold, 10-fold. The semi-cylindrical receiving spaces 11 are arranged at intervals in the length direction of the flood dike 10, and the center distance between two adjacent receiving spaces 11 determines the arrangement distance of the adjacent power generation devices 20. If the distance is too small, wave reflection and interference effects between adjacent power generation devices 20 can cause maldistribution of wave energy, interfering with the progress of the wave into the air chamber 211, and thus affecting energy capture efficiency. In addition, when two adjacent power generation devices 20 are too close, the air flowing in and out of the air flow channels 212 of the different power generation devices 20 will interfere with each other, which affects the normal operation and efficiency of the turbine 22. Conversely, if the distance is too large, the wave reflection and interference effects between adjacent power generation devices 20 are weak, and multiple scattered waves induced during the interaction of the waves with the plurality of power generation devices 20 are not propagated to the adjacent power generation devices 20, so that serious energy dissipation and loss may occur, resulting in low efficiency of capturing wave energy by the system 100. In addition, when the arrangement distance of the adjacent power generation devices 20 is about 3 times of the inner diameter of the power generation devices 20, the overall utilization rate of the space of the flood dike 10 can be improved, and more power generation devices 20 can be deployed on the flood dike 10 with a certain length, so that the large-scale development and utilization of wave energy are realized.
With continued reference to fig. 4, in one embodiment, the system 100 further includes a bottom slope structure 30 disposed below the opening 210, the bottom slope structure 30 extending rearward from a foremost edge of the power generation device 20 facing the sea side and gradually sloping upward. So configured, the bottom slope structure 30 can guide waves to flow into the opening 210, which is beneficial to reducing the horizontal load peak value, the horizontal load valley value and the periodic average horizontal load of the power generation device 20, and can further improve the structural safety and stability of the system 100 while realizing efficient capturing and conversion of wave energy. In a specific embodiment, the inclination angle of the bottom slope structure 30 is 45±degrees. For example, the inclination angle of the bottom slope structure 30 is 40 degrees, 41 degrees, 42 degrees, 43 degrees, 44 degrees, 45 degrees, 46 degrees, 47 degrees, 48 degrees, 49 degrees, 50 degrees, and in this embodiment, 45 degrees are preferable.
Referring to fig. 6 and 7, fig. 6 is an exploded view of the cylinder 21. Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the air flow path cylinder 202 shown in fig. 6.
In one embodiment, the cylinder 21 includes a cylinder body 201 and an air flow path cylinder 202 connected at the center of the top of the cylinder body 201, the bottom of the cylinder body 201 forms the opening 210, the top of the cylinder body 201 forms the air chamber 211, and a cavity inside the air flow path cylinder 202 forms the air flow path 212.
The air flow path cylinder 202 is hollow and coaxial with the turbine 22. The plurality of turbine blades 220 of the turbine 22 are disposed within the air flow path 212, and the shaft 221 of the turbine 22 is located in the hollow of the air flow path cylindrical body 202. The plurality of turbine blades 220 of the turbine 22 are radially convex and uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, and the pressure difference within the air flow path 212 acts on the plurality of turbine blades 220. Since the plurality of turbine blades 220 are distributed at the radially outermost end of the turbine 22, the turbine 22 can rotate under the action of a small pressure difference, and the sensitivity of the turbine 22 to the pressure difference is improved. The shape of the turbine blade 220 is not limited, and in the present embodiment, the turbine blade 220 is provided as an arc-shaped blade having both ends thin and the middle thick.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, the air flow channel 212 includes a lower flow channel 2120 communicating with the air chamber 211, an upper flow channel 2121 communicating with the atmosphere, and an intermediate flow channel 2122 communicating the lower flow channel 2120 with the upper flow channel 2121, the plurality of turbine blades 220 of the turbine 22 are disposed in the intermediate flow channel 2122, and the flow area from the lower flow channel 2120 to the intermediate flow channel 2122 is gradually reduced, so that the area of the opening of the lower flow channel 2120 communicating with the air chamber 211 is larger, which is beneficial to increasing the flow rate of the air chamber 211 flowing into the air flow channel 212, and the air flow rate is relatively slow due to the large volume of the lower flow channel 2120, so that excessive aerodynamic loss caused by the air entering the lower flow channel 2120 in the air chamber 211 can be avoided.
In one embodiment, the flow area gradually decreases from the upper flow passage 2121 to the middle flow passage 2122. So set up, the area of the oral area of last runner 2121 and external atmosphere intercommunication is great, is favorable to increasing the flow in the external air is inhaled air runner 212, and because the volume of last runner 2121 is big, and the velocity of flow is slower relatively, can avoid the external gas to get into the excessive aerodynamic loss of production when going up runner 2121.
With continued reference to fig. 7, in one embodiment, the air channel cylinder 202 includes an inner cylinder 2021 and an outer cylinder 2022 sleeved outside the inner cylinder 2021.
The inner cylinder 2021 includes a cylindrical inner cylinder section 2021a coaxial with the turbine 22, an inner cylinder lower cylinder section 2021b connected to a lower end of the inner cylinder section 2021a and gradually extending radially outward, and an inner cylinder upper cylinder section 2021c connected to an upper end of the inner cylinder section 2021a and gradually extending outward. The junction of the inner shell section 2021a and the inner shell lower shell section 2021b is provided with a rounded transition, and the junction of the inner shell section 2021a and the inner shell upper shell section 2021c is provided with a rounded transition.
The outer tube 2022 includes a cylindrical outer tube section 2022a coaxial with the turbine 22, an outer tube lower tube section 2022b connected to a lower end of the outer tube section 2022a and gradually extending toward the periphery in the radial direction, and an outer tube upper tube section 2022c connected to an upper end of the outer tube section 2022a and gradually extending toward the periphery. The junction of the outer shell section 2022a and the outer shell lower shell section 2022b is provided with a rounded transition, and the junction of the outer shell section 2022a and the outer shell upper shell section 2022c is provided with a rounded transition.
The gap between the inner cylinder lower shell section 2021b and the outer cylinder lower shell section 2022b forms the lower flow channel 2120, the gap between the inner cylinder upper shell section 2021c and the outer cylinder upper shell section 2022c forms the upper flow channel 2121, and the gap between the inner cylinder section 2021a and the outer cylinder section 2022a forms the intermediate flow channel 2122.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 7, the port of the lower flow passage 2120 communicating with the air chamber 211 is an annular port surrounding the axis of the turbine 22 and is opened to the air chamber 211 in the radial direction, so that the lower flow passage 2120 communicates with the air chamber 211 in 360 ° all directions. Similarly, the opening of the upper flow passage 2121 communicating with the outside atmosphere is an annular opening surrounding the axis of the turbine 22 and is opened to the outside atmosphere in the radial direction, so that the upper flow passage 2121 communicates with the outside atmosphere in 360 ° all directions. The arrow direction in fig. 7 shows that air flows in from the lower flow passage 2120, flows out from the upper flow passage 2121 through the intermediate flow passage 2122.
Referring to fig. 5 and 7, a plurality of arc-shaped lower guide vanes 40 are disposed in the lower flow channel 2120, and the plurality of lower guide vanes 40 are uniformly spaced around the axis of the turbine 22, wherein gaps between adjacent lower guide vanes 40 form air flow channels. The structure of the lower guide vane 40 is not limited, and in this embodiment, the lower guide vane 40 is configured as an arc-shaped vane and is connected to the inner lower shell section 2021b and the outer lower shell section 2022b respectively.
The lower baffle 40 may act to direct a controllable flow of air as the air within the plenum 211 enters the lower flow passage 2120. The lower flow passage 2120 is divided into a plurality of spaces at the mouth by a plurality of lower guide vanes 40, and the air flow path can be optimized to reduce energy loss. By reasonable air flow guiding, the lower guide vane 40 can reduce vortex and other forms of energy loss, thereby improving the overall efficiency of the turbine. The lower guide vane 40 also converts the velocity energy portion of the air flow into pressure energy to provide proper velocity and pressure distribution of the air flow as it enters the turbine blades, improving the efficiency of utilizing kinetic energy. In addition, the uniform airflow distribution helps to reduce uneven loading on the turbine blades, thereby reducing mechanical stress, extending equipment life, helping to improve stability under various operating conditions, and reducing vibration and noise.
Also, a plurality of arcuate upper guide vanes 50 may be disposed within the upper flow passage 2121, the plurality of upper guide vanes 50 being evenly spaced about the axis of the turbine 22, with gaps between adjacent upper guide vanes 50 forming air flow passages. The upper guide vane 50 is not limited in structure, and in this embodiment, the upper guide vane 50 is configured as an arc-shaped vane and is connected to the inner upper shell section 2021c and the outer upper shell section 2022c respectively. The lower guide vane 40 and the upper guide vane 50 may be disposed symmetrically up and down. The technical effects of the upper guide vane 50 are the same as those of the lower guide vane 40, and will not be described again here.
The specific structures of the lower guide vane 40 and the upper guide vane 50 are not limited to those shown in the drawings, and there are modifications of, for example, the curvature of the lower guide vane 40 and the upper guide vane 50, the self-deflection angle, the number, the pitch, and the like.
In the example shown in fig. 7, the air flow passage 212 is provided as a gradual-section flow passage having a vertical axis that coincides with the axis of the turbine 22. The inner cylinder 2021, outer cylinder 2022, lower baffle 40, and upper baffle 50 together form an impulse air turbine having a gradual change air flow path 212. With the impulse air turbine having the air flow path 212 of the progressive cross-section, the turbine 22 can be rotated unidirectionally by the periodic reciprocating air flow with a small aerodynamic loss. For example, under the action of the trough of the incident wave, the opening of the air flow path 212 communicating with the air chamber 211 serves as an air inlet, and the opening of the air flow path 212 communicating with the atmosphere may serve as an air outlet. Under the action of the wave crest of the incident wave, the opening of the air flow channel 212 communicating with the atmosphere is used as an air inlet, and the opening of the air flow channel 212 communicating with the air chamber 211 is used as an air outlet.
Referring to fig. 8, fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the control system electrically connected to the air pressure sensor, the rotation speed sensor.
In one embodiment, the system 100 may further include a control system 60, a plurality of air pressure sensors 70, and a plurality of rotational speed sensors 80, where each of the power generation devices 20 may be controlled by the control system 60, so as to implement cooperative control over the arrayed power generation devices 20, and improve the overall working efficiency of the arrayed power generation devices 20.
Specifically, each air pressure sensor 70 is configured to obtain the pressure in each air chamber 211 in real time, and estimate the pneumatic power P captured in the air chamber 211 based on the quadratic distribution relation (Δp=k×| q|×q) between the air pressure and the air flow.
Where NT represents N wave periods T, T 0 represents the calculated start time, Δp is air pressure, K is a parameter reflecting the damping characteristics of the air turbine, and K is selectable by a look-up table.
When a certain generator set fails, the pneumatic power P converted and absorbed by the failed generator set is distributed to other generator sets 20 and the generator sets, at this time, the other generator sets 20 bear larger pneumatic pressure, and the control system 60 reduces the torque (equivalent to the resistance moment applied to the turbine 22 by the motor rotor) of each generator rotor connected with the turbine 22 according to the air pressure signal with abrupt change characteristics obtained by monitoring by the air pressure sensor 70, so as to improve the rotation speed of the turbine 22, ensure that the other generator sets 20 can effectively capture the surge energy, and consider the system stability and efficiency maximization.
A plurality of rotation speed sensors 80 are provided on the inner cylinder 2021 or the outer cylinder 2022 of each power generation device 20, respectively, for acquiring the rotation speed of each turbine 22. When the rotation speed of a certain turbine 22 is too small/too large, the control system 60 dynamically reduces/increases the torque of the generator rotor connected with the turbine 22 according to the rated rotation speed range of the turbine 22, so as to increase/decrease the rotation speed of the turbine 22, further correspondingly adjust the phase of the rotation motion of the turbine 22, and match the pressure level in the air chamber 211, so that the peak value of the rotation speed curve of the turbine 22 is ensured to be close to the appearance position of the zero value of the air pressure curve. Referring to fig. 9 to 10, fig. 9 is a graph showing the course of aerodynamic power captured by a power generation device located at a middle position according to the present application, compared to a conventional breakwater without a wave wall unit and a bottom slope structure, under a wave condition. FIG. 10 is a plot of aerodynamic power versus time captured by a power generation device located elsewhere in the present application, as compared to a conventional breakwater without a wave wall unit and without a bottom slope structure, under design wave conditions.
As shown in fig. 9 to 10, under the condition of designing wave, according to the research result, compared with a breakwater structure nested in a traditional wave guide wall unit 12 and a bottom slope structure 30, the pneumatic power peak capturing by the pneumatic wave energy power generation flood control system provided by the application can reach 157 percent improvement, and finally the overall wave energy capturing efficiency can be improved by 80 percent.
Referring to fig. 11 to 12, fig. 11 is a graph showing the course of horizontal load captured by a power generation device at a middle position in the present application, compared to a conventional breakwater without a wave wall unit and a bottom slope structure, under the wave condition of design. Fig. 12 is a graph showing the course of horizontal load captured by a power generation device at other locations in the present application, compared to a conventional breakwater without a wave wall unit and without a bottom slope structure, under the design wave conditions.
As shown in fig. 11 to 12, according to the research results, compared with a breakwater structure nested in a conventional wave wall unit 12 without guide wall and a structure 30 without bottom slope, the horizontal load peak value of the pneumatic wave energy power generation flood control system 100 provided by the application can be reduced by 0.6%, the horizontal load valley value can be reduced by 9.2%, and the periodic average horizontal load can be reduced by 3.5%.
Referring to fig. 13 to 14, fig. 13 is a graph showing the course of bending moment load captured by a power generation device at an intermediate position according to the present application, compared to a conventional breakwater without a wave wall unit and a bottom slope structure, under a wave condition. FIG. 14 is a plot of moment load versus time captured by a power plant located elsewhere in the present application, as compared to a conventional breakwater without a wave wall unit and without a bottom slope structure, under design wave conditions. As shown in fig. 13 to 14, under the design wave condition, according to the research result, compared with a breakwater structure nested in a traditional wave guide wall unit 12 and a bottomless slope structure 30, the bending moment load peak value of the pneumatic wave energy power generation flood control system 100 about a seabed bed can be reduced by 3.8%, the bending moment load valley value can be reduced by 21.3%, and the periodic average bending moment load can be reduced by 9.7%.
In general, the pneumatic wave energy power generation flood control system 100 provided by the present application not only can achieve efficient capture and conversion of wave energy, but also can improve the structural safety and stability of the system, compared to a breakwater structure nested into a conventional wave wall unit 12 without a bottom slope structure 30.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the application is not intended to be limiting, but rather to enable any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement or the like to be made within the spirit and principles of the application.
Claims (11)
1. A pneumatic wave energy powered flood control system, comprising:
the flood control dike is provided with a plurality of accommodating spaces and a plurality of wave guide wall units on the sea side, and the wave guide wall units are arranged on two sides of any one of the accommodating spaces;
The wave guide wall units are correspondingly accommodated in the accommodating spaces one by one, the foremost edges of the wave guide wall units facing the sea side are protruded out of the foremost edges of the power generation devices on the two sides of the wave guide wall units, each power generation device comprises a cylinder body and a turbine rotatably arranged on the cylinder body, the bottom of the cylinder body is provided with an opening on the sea side,
When waves flow into the cylinder body through the opening, an air chamber positioned above the water-air interface and an air flow passage communicated with the air chamber and the outside atmosphere are formed at the top of the cylinder body, and the pressure difference in the air flow passage can drive the turbine to rotate.
2. The pneumatic wave energy power generation flood control system according to claim 1, wherein the wave guiding wall unit is provided with an elliptical column structure, the axial direction of the elliptical column structure is consistent with the height direction of the power generation device, and the surface of one side of the wave guiding wall unit facing the sea side is provided with an elliptical cambered surface.
3. A pneumatic wave energy power flood control system according to claim 2, wherein the foremost edge of the sea side of the wave guiding wall unit is the long or short axial end of the oval cylinder structure, and the distance by which the foremost edge of the sea side of the wave guiding wall unit protrudes from the foremost edge of the sea side of the power generation device is at least one major or one minor axial radius of the oval cylinder structure.
4. A pneumatic wave energy power flood control system according to claim 1, wherein the system further comprises a bottom slope structure below the opening, the bottom slope structure extending rearwardly from the forward most edge of the power plant facing the sea side and gradually sloping upwardly.
5. A pneumatic wave energy powered flood control system according to claim 4, wherein the inclination of the bottom slope structure is 45 ± 5 degrees.
6. The pneumatic wave energy power generation flood control system according to claim 1, wherein the cylinder body is a cylindrical cylinder body, the accommodating space is a semi-cylindrical space, the rear semicircle of the cylinder body is positioned in the semi-cylindrical space, the front semicircle of the cylinder body faces the sea side, and the center distance between two adjacent accommodating spaces is 2-10 times of the inner diameter of the cylinder body.
7. A pneumatic wave energy power flood control system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the cartridge comprises a cartridge body and an air flow channel cartridge connected at the centre of the top of the cartridge body, the bottom of the cartridge body forming the opening, the top of the cartridge body forming the air chamber,
The air flow channel cylinder body is hollow, the air flow channel is formed by the hollow cavity inside, the blades of the turbine are arranged in the air flow channel, and the shaft part of the turbine is positioned in the hollow part of the air flow channel cylinder body.
8. The pneumatic wave energy power flood control system of claim 7, wherein the air flow path comprises a lower flow path communicating with the air chamber, an upper flow path communicating with the outside atmosphere, and an intermediate flow path communicating the lower flow path with the upper flow path, wherein the blades of the turbine are disposed in the intermediate flow path, and the flow area gradually decreases from the lower flow path to the intermediate flow path.
9. A pneumatic wave energy powered flood control system according to claim 8, wherein the flow area decreases progressively from the upper flow path to the intermediate flow path.
10. A pneumatic wave energy power generation flood control system according to claim 9, wherein the air flow path cylinder comprises an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder sleeved outside the inner cylinder,
The inner cylinder body comprises a cylindrical inner cylinder section coaxial with the turbine, an inner cylinder lower cylinder section connected with the lower end of the inner cylinder section and gradually extending to the periphery along the radial direction, an inner cylinder upper cylinder section connected with the upper end of the inner cylinder section and gradually extending to the periphery,
The outer cylinder body comprises a cylindrical outer cylinder section coaxial with the turbine, an outer cylinder lower cylinder section connected with the lower end of the outer cylinder section and gradually extending to the periphery along the radial direction, an outer cylinder upper cylinder section connected with the upper end of the inner cylinder section and gradually extending to the periphery,
The gap between the lower cylinder section of the inner cylinder and the lower cylinder section of the outer cylinder forms the lower flow passage, the gap between the upper cylinder section of the inner cylinder and the upper cylinder section of the outer cylinder forms the upper flow passage, and the gap between the inner cylinder section and the outer cylinder section forms the middle flow passage.
11. The pneumatic wave energy power flood control system of claim 10, wherein a plurality of arcuate lower deflectors are disposed within the lower flow passage, the plurality of lower deflectors being evenly spaced about the axis of the turbine; and/or
A plurality of arc-shaped upper guide vanes are arranged in the upper flow passage and are uniformly distributed at intervals around the axis of the turbine.
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| CN202411035568.7A CN118959213A (en) | 2024-07-30 | 2024-07-30 | Pneumatic wave energy generation flood control system |
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| CN202411035568.7A CN118959213A (en) | 2024-07-30 | 2024-07-30 | Pneumatic wave energy generation flood control system |
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| CN106436636A (en) * | 2016-09-28 | 2017-02-22 | 重庆交通大学 | Semi-horn-shaped jetty also serving as wave-driven power generating device |
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