Acoustic-electric coupling drilling well underground intrusion monitoring device and application method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas drilling, in particular to a drilling underground intrusion monitoring device with acoustic-electric coupling and a using method thereof.
Background
The exploration and development of deep-water deep oil and gas resources has the characteristics of high safety risk, high operation cost and high technical difficulty, and due to insufficient mastering and cognition of deep-water deep stratum information, various underground accidents are often caused by gas invasion, solution gas invasion, rock debris invasion and other invasion in the exploration and development process, so that early monitoring and control of invasion are one of the keys for avoiding major accidents such as blowout and the like.
The existing intrusion monitoring device is mainly used for monitoring based on an ultrasonic principle, for example, a Chinese patent document CN 111364979A discloses an underground gas intrusion monitoring system based on ultrasonic, the method separates gas, liquid and solid three-phase flows through turbine combination, then a self-receiving bicrystal probe and a single-shot/single-shot oblique probe are used for receiving an acoustic wave signal, and early gas intrusion monitoring is realized, but the method has several defects: firstly, the device is complex, a turbine and a turbine protection device are required to be installed, and the underground complex working condition cannot be met; secondly, the acoustic wave signal is transmitted through a shaft, the intensity of the acoustic wave signal is greatly attenuated, thirdly, only a small part of the acoustic wave signal passing through the shaft is reflected back to be received by a bicrystal probe after encountering bubbles near the shaft wall, most of the acoustic wave signal is dispersed in a refraction and scattering mode, and the installation angle of a single crystal inclined probe cannot be ensured to be in accordance with the migration track of the bubbles at the bottom of the shaft, as disclosed in China patent document CN 115596430A, the main body of the device is an arc-shaped plate, an acoustic wave generator and an acoustic wave receiver are symmetrically arranged at the outer side of the arc-shaped plate, the device is required to be poured and fixed in a cement ring in order to avoid the influence of stratum environment, and has a plurality of defects in the use process, firstly, the device can realize effective monitoring of the gas invasion, but cannot be repeatedly used because the device is poured in the cement, secondly, the ultrasonic wave detection gas invasion principle is based on the fact that the ultrasonic wave signal is scattered, absorbed and attenuated at the position, and finally whether the gas invasion occurs through the change of the received signal at the bottom of the shaft, however, in the oil well production process, small solid particles such as rock debris can be generated, and the small solid particles can also act on ultrasonic signals, so that whether the rock debris or bubbles affect the ultrasonic signals cannot be accurately judged, and the accuracy of an ultrasonic detection method is further affected.
The existing ultrasonic monitoring gas intrusion method has good response characteristics only for multiphase flow with obvious acoustic impedance interfaces (such as bubbles with physical forms) due to the principle limitation, but has insignificant response characteristics for gas intrusion in a dissolved state.
Accordingly, there is a need for a reusable intrusion monitoring device that can cope with complex downhole conditions to avoid major accidents during drilling.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides an acoustic-electric coupling drilling well intrusion monitoring device and a using method thereof, wherein a monitoring unit is fixed on the side surface of a rib of a centralizer, so that the influence of complex conditions in the well on the monitoring unit and the monitoring effect can be effectively overcome, and the device can be repeatedly used for a plurality of times; meanwhile, the matching of the acoustic wave component and the dielectric component is utilized to realize the accurate and efficient judgment of various invasion types.
In order to achieve the technical effects, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The drilling well intrusion monitoring device comprises a centralizer and a monitoring unit, wherein the centralizer comprises a main body and ribs, the main body is cylindrical, the ribs are arranged on the outer wall of the main body in parallel along the circumferential direction, and a launder is formed between every two adjacent ribs;
The monitoring unit comprises a dielectric component, an acoustic wave component and a signal processing device, wherein the dielectric component comprises an anode and a cathode, the acoustic wave component comprises an acoustic wave transmitting device and an acoustic wave receiving device, the anode and the cathode are respectively fixed on the side walls of the ribs on two sides of the flow slot, the acoustic wave transmitting device and the acoustic wave receiving device are respectively fixed on the side walls of the ribs on two sides of the flow slot, the signal processing device is respectively electrically connected with the anode, the cathode, the acoustic wave transmitting device and the acoustic wave receiving device, and the signal processing device is used for receiving signals of the anode, the cathode, the acoustic wave transmitting device and the acoustic wave receiving device and processing the signals to obtain monitoring information.
According to the monitoring device provided by the invention, the centralizer with the monitoring unit is used for replacing the traditional single-function centralizer, the limited underground space is not required to be additionally occupied, the influence of underground complex conditions on the monitoring unit and the monitoring effect is effectively overcome, the centralizer is lowered into the well and lifted up along with the drill rod, after the monitoring in the drilling process is finished, the centralizer can be taken down and installed on the next drilling site to be monitored, and the monitoring device can be reused.
Meanwhile, in the monitoring device provided by the invention, the monitoring devices in the monitoring unit, namely the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the dielectric component and the transmitting and receiving devices of the acoustic wave device are respectively fixed on the side walls of the ribs on two sides of the same overflow groove.
Preferably, the side wall of the rib is provided with a dielectric component fixing groove and a sound component fixing groove.
Further preferably, the side wall of the rib is also fixed with an acoustic wave assembly protecting cover, and the acoustic wave assembly protecting cover completely covers the acoustic wave assembly fixing groove. The sound wave that the sound wave subassembly produced can utilize the principle of transmission to pass the sound wave subassembly safety cover, consequently in order to prevent solid particles such as rock fragments, silt that carry in the multiphase flow from causing the injury to the sound wave subassembly, set up the sound wave subassembly safety cover and can effectively protect the sound wave subassembly.
Further preferably, a fillet is arranged at the junction of the dielectric component fixing groove and the side wall of the rib. The electric field generated between the anode and the cathode of the dielectric component is monitored, and no barrier or protective cover is needed between the anode and the cathode to ensure the monitoring precision, so that the protective cover is not suitable for covering the fixed groove of the dielectric component, and the multi-phase flow velocity flowing through the fixed groove of the dielectric component is slowed down by the fillets through arranging the fillets at the juncture of the fixed groove of the dielectric component and the side wall of the rib, so that the impact of solid particles contained in the multi-phase flow on the dielectric component is reduced.
Preferably, the ribs are spirally arranged on the outer wall of the main body, and the spiral angle is 30 degrees.
Further preferably, the positive electrode and the negative electrode on two sides of the flow trough are located on the same horizontal plane, and the sound wave transmitting device and the sound wave receiving device on two sides of the flow trough are located on the same horizontal plane.
Preferably, the outer wall of the main body is provided with 6 ribs, and the dielectric component and the acoustic wave component are respectively provided with 6 groups.
The invention has the following working principle that the centralizer plays a role in supporting a well wall in the drilling process, the outer wall of the rib is tightly attached to the well wall, multiphase flow generated underground can only flow upwards through the launder when passing through the centralizer in the ascending process, at the moment, the monitoring device can accurately monitor whether bubbles are contained in the flow, wherein the transmitting and receiving devices of the acoustic wave component monitor the multiphase flow in an acoustic wave mode, and the anode and the cathode of the dielectric component monitor the multiphase flow in an electric field mode.
The invention also provides a using method of the acoustic-electric coupling downhole intrusion monitoring device, which comprises the following steps:
S1, determining stratum conditions, and performing simulation on underground invasion conditions to obtain an acoustic signal change trend graph and a dielectric signal change trend graph under all invasion conditions;
s2, the well drilling underground intrusion monitoring device is put into the well drilling, and real-time monitoring of acoustic signals and dielectric signals is carried out.
Preferably, the using method further comprises:
S3, when invasion occurs, determining invasion type and invasion amount according to the measured acoustic signal change condition and the dielectric signal change condition;
S31, if the acoustic signal is unchanged, the dielectric signal is changed, and the solution gas invasion is judged to occur, and the invasion amount is inquired according to a dielectric signal change trend chart;
S32, if the acoustic signal changes, the dielectric signal changes, the gas invasion is primarily determined, the invasion amount is determined according to the corresponding acoustic signal change trend graph, if the measured dielectric signal value is consistent with the dielectric signal corresponding to the invasion amount in the dielectric signal change trend graph, the gas invasion is determined, if the measured dielectric signal value is inconsistent with the dielectric signal corresponding to the invasion amount, the rock debris invasion is determined, and the invasion amount is determined according to the invasion amount determined by the dielectric signal change trend graph corresponding to the measured dielectric signal value.
Preferably, in step S1, the formation conditions include temperature and pressure, and the invasion conditions include gas invasion, solution gas invasion and cuttings invasion.
The monitoring device provided by the invention has the following action mechanism:
When bubbles are contained in the multiphase flow, the amplitude of the signal received by the sound wave receiving device can be changed, and meanwhile, the dielectric constants of the multiphase flow can be changed due to the fact that the content of the bubbles is different, so that signals with different amplitudes can be measured by an electric field generated by the dielectric component; when solid particles such as rock debris are contained in the multiphase flow, the amplitude of a signal received by the sound wave receiving device is changed, so that the difference between the solid particles such as rock debris and the air bubbles cannot be accurately identified by the single sound wave component, the dielectric constants of the multiphase flow are changed due to the increase of the solid particles such as rock debris, the dielectric constants of the multiphase flow are greatly different from those of the air bubbles, when the solid particles such as rock debris and the air bubbles respectively flow through the detection device, the received signals of the dielectric component are changed, but the change amplitude of the signal received by the sound wave receiving device is not changed, but the dielectric constants of the multiphase flow are changed due to the air bubbles in a dissolved state, so that the electric field generated by the dielectric component is used for measuring the signals with different amplitudes, and therefore, the invasion state generated at the bottom of a well can be distinguished due to the change of the received signals of the comprehensive dielectric component and the sound wave component.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. According to the monitoring device provided by the invention, the centralizer with the monitoring unit is used for replacing the traditional single-function centralizer, the limited underground space is not required to be additionally occupied, the influence of underground complex conditions on the monitoring unit and the monitoring effect is effectively overcome, the centralizer is lowered into the well and lifted up along with the drill rod, after the monitoring in the drilling process is finished, the centralizer can be taken down and installed on the next drilling site to be monitored, and the monitoring device can be reused.
2. In the monitoring device provided by the invention, the monitoring devices in the monitoring unit, namely the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the dielectric component and the transmitting and receiving devices of the acoustic wave device are respectively fixed on the side walls of the ribs on two sides of the same overflow groove, and compared with the existing monitoring device, the distance between the monitoring devices is effectively reduced, and the measured data is ensured to be more accurate.
3. According to the monitoring device provided by the invention, the protection of the acoustic wave component and the dielectric component is respectively provided by arranging the protective cover of the acoustic wave component and the round angle, so that the damage of solid particles in multiphase flow to the monitoring device is effectively controlled, and the service life and maintenance cost of the whole device are prolonged.
4. In the use process of the monitoring device provided by the invention, the dielectric component and the sound component are matched with each other, compared with the traditional sound wave gas intrusion detection device, the identification capability of solid particles such as rock debris is enhanced, and the identification accuracy of gas intrusion is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the acoustic-electric coupling downhole invasion monitoring apparatus provided in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a dimensional view of the acousto-electrically coupled downhole invasion monitoring apparatus provided in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a monitoring schematic diagram of the acousto-electrically coupled downhole invasion monitoring apparatus provided in example 1;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the trend of acoustic wave signals under gas intrusion of different intrusion amounts provided in example 2;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the trend of acoustic wave signals under the invasion of rock debris with different invasion amounts provided in example 2;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the trend of dielectric signals under gas intrusion of different intrusion amounts provided in example 2;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the trend of dielectric signals under solution gas intrusion for different intrusion amounts provided in example 2;
Fig. 8 is a graph of the trend of varying intrusion levels of the cuttings infringement dielectric signals provided in example 2.
The device comprises a dielectric component, an acoustic wave component fixing groove, an acoustic wave component, a flow through groove, a dielectric component fixing groove and a rib.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples.
Example 1
An acoustic-electric coupling downhole invasion monitoring device for well drilling is shown in fig. 1, and comprises a centralizer and a monitoring unit, wherein the centralizer comprises a main body and ribs 6, the main body is cylindrical, the ribs 6 are arranged on the outer wall of the main body in parallel along the circumferential direction, and a flow through groove 4 is formed between every two adjacent ribs 6;
the monitoring unit comprises a dielectric component 1, an acoustic wave component 3 and a signal processing device, wherein the dielectric component 1 comprises an anode and a cathode, the acoustic wave component 3 comprises an acoustic wave transmitting device and an acoustic wave receiving device, the anode and the cathode are respectively fixed on the side walls of the ribs 6 on two sides of the overflow groove 4, the acoustic wave transmitting device and the acoustic wave receiving device are respectively fixed on the side walls of the ribs 6 on two sides of the overflow groove 4, the signal processing device is respectively electrically connected with the anode, the cathode, the acoustic wave transmitting device and the acoustic wave receiving device, in the embodiment, the signal processing device is connected with the dielectric component and the acoustic wave component in a cable transmission mode, and the signal processing device is used for receiving signals of the anode, the cathode, the acoustic wave transmitting device and the acoustic wave receiving device and processing the signals to obtain monitoring information.
The side wall of the rib 6 is provided with a dielectric component fixing groove 5 and a sound wave component fixing groove 2.
The side wall of the rib 6 is also fixed with an acoustic wave assembly protecting cover which completely covers the acoustic wave assembly fixing groove 2.
And a fillet is arranged at the juncture of the dielectric component fixing groove 5 and the side wall of the rib 6. The electric field generated between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the dielectric component 1 is monitored, no barrier or protective cover is needed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode to ensure the monitoring precision, so that the protective cover is not suitable for being covered at the position of the dielectric component fixing groove 5, and the speed of the multiphase flow flowing through the dielectric component fixing groove 5 is slowed down by the fillets by arranging the fillets at the juncture of the dielectric component fixing groove 5 and the side wall of the rib 6, so that the impact of solid particles contained in the multiphase flow on the dielectric component 1 is reduced.
The ribs 6 are arranged on the outer wall of the main body in a spiral mode, and the spiral angle is 30 degrees.
The positive pole and the negative pole of the two sides of the overflow groove 4 are positioned on the same horizontal plane, the sound wave transmitting device and the sound wave receiving device of the two sides of the overflow groove 4 are positioned on the same horizontal plane, and the left and right relative positions of the positive pole, the negative pole, the sound wave generating device and the sound wave receiving device can be set according to the needs.
The outer wall of the main body is provided with 6 fins 6, and the dielectric assembly 1 and the acoustic wave assembly 3 are respectively provided with 6 groups.
In this embodiment, the monitoring device is applied to an 8 1/2 in (215.9 mm) wellbore, as shown in FIG. 2, and the drilling process is typically two or three drilling to the desired zone. In addition, the downhole gas invasion generally occurs after two or three openings, so in this embodiment, 8 1/2 in during two openings is selected as an example, and through multiple structural optimization, the structural dimensions of the centralizer with the optimal monitoring effect are as follows:
The maximum outer diameter is 210mm, the vertical length is 190mm, the height of each rib 6 is 30mm, the height of the protruding main body is 30mm, the spiral angle is 30 degrees based on plumb lines, the upper chamfer angle and the lower chamfer angle are 60 degrees, the width of the through groove 4 is 20mm, the sound wave component fixing groove 5 is cylindrical, the diameter is 10mm, the depth is 15mm, the dielectric component fixing groove 2 is a semicircular column bent towards the inside of the rib 6, the radius is 10mm, the width along the protruding direction of the rib is 10mm, the round angle is 3mm, and the sound wave component fixing groove 5 and the dielectric component fixing groove 2 are both positioned at the middle position of the protruding direction of the rib 6.
As shown in fig. 3, the centralizer plays a role in supporting a well wall in the drilling process, the outer wall of the rib 6 is tightly attached to the well wall, multiphase flow generated underground can only flow upwards through the launder 4 in the ascending process when passing through the centralizer, at this time, the monitoring device can accurately monitor whether bubbles are contained in the fluid, wherein the transmitting device and the receiving device of the acoustic wave assembly 3 monitor the multiphase flow in an acoustic wave manner, and the anode and the cathode of the dielectric assembly 1 monitor the electric field of the multiphase flow.
Example 2
The method for using the acoustic-electric coupling downhole invasion monitoring device provided in the embodiment 1, in this embodiment, the stratum condition is 50 ℃ and 10MPa, and the method specifically includes the following steps:
S1, determining stratum conditions, and performing simulation on underground invasion conditions to obtain an acoustic signal change trend graph and a dielectric signal change trend graph under all invasion conditions;
In the embodiment, COMSOL software is used for simulation, for sound field simulation, through modeling the overflow groove and the sound wave component, setting a sound wave transmitting device on the opposite left side of the overflow groove, setting an ultrasonic excitation signal at the sound wave transmitting device, setting a sound wave receiving device on the opposite right side of the same overflow groove to receive ultrasonic signals, and utilizing COMSOL software to change the type and content of medium flowing through the overflow groove to obtain sound signal change trend graphs under various invasion conditions, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, respectively, sound wave signal change trend graphs under different invasion amounts and rock chip invasion sound wave signal change trend graphs under different invasion amounts;
S2, putting the drilling underground intrusion monitoring device into drilling, and monitoring acoustic signals and dielectric signals in real time;
S3, when invasion occurs, determining invasion type and invasion amount according to the measured acoustic signal change condition and the dielectric signal change condition;
S31, if the acoustic signal is unchanged, the dielectric signal is changed, and the solution gas invasion is judged to occur, and the invasion amount is inquired according to a dielectric signal change trend chart;
S32, if the acoustic signal changes, the dielectric signal changes, the gas invasion is primarily determined, the invasion amount is determined according to the corresponding acoustic signal change trend graph, if the measured dielectric signal value is consistent with the dielectric signal corresponding to the invasion amount in the dielectric signal change trend graph, the gas invasion is determined, if the measured dielectric signal value is inconsistent with the dielectric signal corresponding to the invasion amount, the rock debris invasion is determined, and the invasion amount is determined according to the invasion amount determined by the dielectric signal change trend graph corresponding to the measured dielectric signal value.