CN118816059A - An automatic rock and soil deformation detection device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of rock and soil measurement, and discloses an automatic rock and soil deformation detection device, comprising a rangefinder unit for measuring distances of different vertical heights of rocks, a deviation correction and leveling component for adjusting the position of the rangefinder unit is fixed at the bottom thereof; the deviation correction and leveling component further comprises: a first arc-shaped rotating block, a first lifting block, a first driving member, a second arc-shaped rotating block, a second lifting block, and a second driving member. The invention designs a deviation correction and leveling component at the bottom of an existing rangefinder, drives the first arc-shaped rotating block to rotate around the X-axis direction of a horizontal plane in the first lifting block through the first driving member, and drives the second arc-shaped rotating block to rotate around the Y-axis direction of a horizontal plane in the second lifting block through the second driving member, and can automatically level the position of the rangefinder when an inclination occurs between the rangefinder and the horizontal ground, so that the placement position of the rangefinder is kept horizontal, thereby reducing the error between the width and height value measured by the rangefinder and the actual value.

Description

An automatic rock and soil deformation detection device

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of rock and soil measurement, and in particular to an automatic rock and soil deformation detection device.

Background Art

In the prior art, the objects of geotechnical engineering research are rock mass and soil mass. During the entire geological history of its formation and existence, the rock mass has undergone various complex geological actions, and therefore has a complex structure and geostress field environment. Different types of rock masses in different regions often have very different engineering properties due to the different geological processes they have experienced. After the rocks are exposed to the surface, they are weathered to form soil. They are either left in place or deposited in other places to form soil layers after being eroded and transported by wind, water and glaciers. The weathering environment, transportation and deposition dynamics conditions in various regions in different geological periods are different. Therefore, the soil mass not only has complex engineering properties, but also has strong regional and individual properties. In geotechnical engineering research, it is necessary to measure the deformation of rock and soil mountains. Due to the change in the slope of the rock and soil mountains, different instruments and measurement points need to be replaced during measurement. The measurement process is cumbersome and the measurement is inaccurate.

After searching, the existing Chinese patent document CN206847567U discloses an automatic rock and soil deformation detection device, which measures the deformation of the rock and soil mountain through a rangefinder, which is used to measure the distance from the top, waist and bottom of the rock and soil to be detected to the fixed rod, so that the deformation of the rock and soil to be detected can be judged according to the change of the distance. However, the detection device does not have a stabilizing frame, which reduces the stability of the detection device. In order to improve the stability of the above scheme, the existing Chinese patent document CN202020545459.0 discloses an automatic rock and soil deformation detection device, which can be In order to improve the stability of the support base when it is placed, however, when the rangefinder is used for measurement at different locations of rock and soil mountains, since the open ground is usually uneven, the base of the rangefinder cannot be kept level during measurement if it is supported only by the telescopic legs. The angle formed between the vertical line direction of the rangefinder and the horizontal line of the ground at a positive viewing angle will not be ninety degrees, that is, the position of the rangefinder relative to the rock and soil during measurement will be in an inclined state. At this time, the data measured by the rangefinder will deviate from the actual size, so the deformation data obtained by the rangefinder equipment in the detection device is inaccurate.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide an automatic rock and soil deformation detection device to solve the problem that the distance meter proposed in the above background technology will be in a tilted state relative to the rock and soil during measurement, and the data size measured by the distance meter will deviate from the actual size.

To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: an automatic rock and soil deformation detection device, comprising a rangefinder unit for measuring distances of different vertical heights of rocks, a deviation correction and leveling component for adjusting its position is fixed at the bottom of the rangefinder unit; the deviation correction and leveling component also includes: a first arc-shaped rotating block, a first lifting block, a first driving member, a second arc-shaped rotating block, a second lifting block and a second driving member; the first arc-shaped rotating block is fixed at the bottom center position of the rangefinder unit, the top of the first lifting block is provided with a first groove matching with the first arc-shaped rotating block, the interior of the first lifting block is provided with a first installation groove connected with the bottom of the first groove, the first driving member is fixed in the first installation groove, and the output end of the first driving member The second arc rotating block is transmission-connected to the bottom of the first arc rotating block, the second arc rotating block is fixed to the bottom of the first lifting block, a second groove matching with the second arc rotating block is provided on the top of the second lifting block, a second mounting groove connected with the bottom of the second groove is provided inside the second lifting block, the second driving member is fixed in the second mounting groove, and the output end of the second driving member is transmission-connected to the bottom of the second arc rotating block, a first connecting seat is fixed to the bottom of the second lifting block, and the bottom of the first connecting seat is fixedly connected to the second connecting seat by a plurality of connecting rods; four groups of positioning components are installed between the first connecting seat and the second connecting seat, the four groups of positioning components are distributed in a ring array, and the positioning components are used to stably support the rangefinder unit.

Preferably, the first driving member includes a first movable rack whose bottom is slidably connected to the bottom of the first mounting groove, the bottom of the first arc-shaped rotating block is evenly distributed with first tooth grooves meshing with the first movable rack, the middle part of one side of the first movable rack is fixedly connected to a first threaded sleeve through a fixed block, the inner side of the first threaded sleeve is threadedly connected to a first screw rod, one end of the first screw rod is fixedly connected to a first driving motor through a coupling, two first limit seats are symmetrically fixed on the inner wall of the first mounting groove, the first limit seat is rotatably connected to the first screw rod through a bearing, and first limit members are installed on both sides of the first arc-shaped rotating block. The designed first driving member can drive the first arc-shaped rotating block to rotate in the first groove, thereby realizing the rotation of the rangefinder unit around the X-axis direction of the horizontal plane.

Preferably, the first limiting member includes two symmetrically distributed first sliding rods fixed on the outer wall of the first arc-shaped rotating block, the outer side of the first sliding rod is slidably sleeved with a first arc-shaped frame, the first arc-shaped frame is fixed on the first lifting block, and the designed first sliding rod slides in the first arc-shaped frame, so that the first arc-shaped rotating block is more stable and will not shake when rotating.

Preferably, the second driving member includes a second movable rack whose bottom is slidably connected to the bottom of the second mounting groove, the bottom of the second arc-shaped rotating block is evenly distributed with second tooth grooves meshing with the second movable rack, the middle part of one side of the second movable rack is fixedly connected to a second threaded sleeve through a fixed block, the inner side of the second threaded sleeve is threadedly connected to a second screw rod, one end of the second screw rod is fixedly connected to a second driving motor through a coupling, two second limit seats are symmetrically fixed on the inner wall of the second mounting groove, the second limit seat is rotatably connected to the second screw rod through a bearing, and second limit members are installed on both sides of the second arc-shaped rotating block. The designed second driving member can drive the second arc-shaped rotating block to rotate in the second groove, thereby realizing the rotation of the rangefinder unit around the Y-axis direction of the horizontal plane.

Preferably, the second limiting member includes two symmetrically distributed second sliding rods fixed on the outer wall of the second arc-shaped rotating block, the outer side of the second sliding rods is slidably sleeved with a second arc frame, the second arc frame is fixed on the second lifting block, and the designed second sliding rod slides in the second arc frame, so that the second arc-shaped rotating block is more stable and will not shake when rotating.

Preferably, the positioning assembly includes a limit support frame fixed on the second connecting seat, a connecting limit plate is slidably connected in the limit support frame, a memory alloy spring is fixed on the top of the connecting limit plate, the top of the memory alloy spring is fixed to the lower side of the top of the limit support frame, an extension rod is fixed on the bottom of the limit support frame, the extension rod slides through the second connecting seat, and an eddy current heating assembly is also provided on the second connecting seat. The designed positioning assembly can lift up the rangefinder unit after it is placed in position to prevent the rangefinder unit from moving or shaking violently due to external force during the measurement process, and facilitates the adjustment of the horizontality of the rangefinder unit.

Preferably, the vortex heating component includes a fixing frame, a vortex tube, a hot air pipe and a docking cover, the fixing frame is fixed at the top center position of the second connecting seat, the vortex tube is arranged on the fixing frame, one end of the hot air pipe is arranged at the hot air end of the vortex tube, and the docking cover is arranged at the other end of the hot air pipe, and the docking cover is fixedly sleeved on the limiting support frame. The designed vortex heating component makes the bottom ends of the four extending rods contact the ground, and the rangefinder unit can be lifted up under the action of gravity.

Preferably, the docking cover is a hollow structure, and an axial flow fan is installed inside the docking cover. The designed axial flow fan can accelerate the hot air flow to the memory alloy spring, thereby improving the heating effect.

Preferably, a third groove is formed at the bottom end of the extension rod, a telescopic spring is fixed to the top of the third groove, a load-bearing rod is fixed to the bottom end of the telescopic spring, and the load-bearing rod is slidably matched with the side wall of the third groove. When working on uneven ground, under the action of the rangefinder unit's own gravity, multiple telescopic springs are compressed to different lengths, so that the bottom ends of multiple load-bearing rods can all contact the ground, thereby improving the stability of the position of the rangefinder unit.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. The present invention designs a deviation correction and leveling component at the bottom of the existing rangefinder, and drives the first arc-shaped rotating block to rotate around the X-axis direction of the horizontal plane in the first lifting block through the first driving member, and drives the second arc-shaped rotating block to rotate around the Y-axis direction of the horizontal plane in the second lifting block through the second driving member. When the rangefinder is tilted between the rangefinder and the horizontal ground, the position of the rangefinder can be automatically leveled, so that the placement position of the rangefinder is kept horizontal, thereby reducing the error between the width and height values measured by the rangefinder and the actual values.

2. The positioning assembly designed in the present invention can lift up the rangefinder unit after it is placed, so as to prevent the rangefinder unit from moving or shaking violently due to external force during the measurement process, and facilitate the adjustment of the horizontality of the rangefinder unit.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

FIG2 is an exploded view of the deviation correction and leveling assembly of the present invention;

FIG3 is a schematic structural diagram of a first driving member of the present invention;

FIG4 is a schematic structural diagram of a second driving member of the present invention;

FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first arc-shaped rotating block and the second arc-shaped rotating block of the present invention;

FIG6 is a schematic diagram of the structures of the first limiter and the second limiter of the present invention;

FIG7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a positioning assembly according to the present invention;

FIG8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the eddy current heating component of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a local structure of the present invention.

In the figure: 1, rangefinder unit; 2, deviation correction and leveling assembly; 3, first arc-shaped rotating block; 4, first lifting block; 5, first driving member; 6, second arc-shaped rotating block; 7, second lifting block; 8, second driving member; 9, first groove; 10, first mounting groove; 11, second groove; 12, second mounting groove; 13, first connecting seat; 14, second connecting seat; 15, positioning assembly; 16, first moving rack; 17, first tooth groove; 18, first threaded sleeve; 19, first screw rod; 20, first driving motor; 21, first limit seat; 22, first limit member; 23, The first slide bar; 24, the first arc frame; 25, the second movable rack; 26, the second tooth groove; 27, the second threaded sleeve; 28, the second screw rod; 29, the second drive motor; 30, the second limit seat; 31, the second limit member; 32, the second slide bar; 33, the second arc frame; 34, the limit support frame; 35, the connecting limit plate; 36, the memory alloy spring; 37, the extension rod; 38, the eddy current heating component; 39, the fixed frame; 40, the eddy current tube; 41, the hot air pipe; 42, the docking cover; 43, the axial flow fan; 44, the third groove; 45, the telescopic spring; 46, the load-bearing rod.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Embodiment 1: Please refer to FIG. 1 to FIG. 3 , which are an automatic rock and soil deformation detection device, including a rangefinder unit 1 for measuring the distances of different vertical heights of rocks. The principle is that the laser emitted by the laser emitting objective lens in the rangefinder unit 1 touches the rock, and the laser is refracted by the rock and received by the laser receiving objective lens, thereby detecting the distances of different vertical heights of the rock, thereby detecting the deformation state of the rock, and the laser receiving objective lens transmits the received electrical signal to the processor inside the display screen, and the processor inside the display screen can convert the electrical signal into digital, and display the data through the display screen, which can facilitate the staff to accurately record the data;

A deflection correction and leveling assembly 2 for adjusting the position of the rangefinder unit 1 is fixed at the bottom; the deflection correction and leveling assembly 2 also includes: a first arc-shaped rotating block 3, a first lifting block 4, a first driving member 5, a second arc-shaped rotating block 6, a second lifting block 7 and a second driving member 8; the first arc-shaped rotating block 3 is fixed at the bottom center of the rangefinder unit 1, the top of the first lifting block 4 is provided with a first groove 9 that matches the first arc-shaped rotating block 3, the interior of the first lifting block 4 is provided with a first mounting groove 10 that is connected to the bottom of the first groove 9, the first driving member 5 is fixed in the first mounting groove 10, and the output end of the first driving member 5 is transmission-connected to the bottom of the first arc-shaped rotating block 3, the second arc-shaped rotating block 6 is fixed in the first arc-shaped rotating block 3, and the second arc-shaped rotating block 6 is fixed in the first arc-shaped rotating block 3. The bottom of the lifting block 4 and the top of the second lifting block 7 are provided with a second groove 11 that matches the second arc-shaped rotating block 6. The interior of the second lifting block 7 is provided with a second mounting groove 12 that communicates with the bottom of the second groove 11. The second driving member 8 is fixed in the second mounting groove 12, and the output end of the second driving member 8 is transmission-connected to the bottom of the second arc-shaped rotating block 6. A first connecting seat 13 is fixed to the bottom of the second lifting block 7, and the bottom of the first connecting seat 13 is fixedly connected to the second connecting seat 14 through a plurality of connecting rods; four groups of positioning components 15 are installed between the first connecting seat 13 and the second connecting seat 14, and the four groups of positioning components 15 are distributed in a ring array, and the positioning components 15 are used to stably support the rangefinder unit 1.

In this solution, a deviation correction and leveling component 2 is designed at the bottom of the existing rangefinder, and the first arc-shaped rotating block 3 is driven by the first driving member 5 to rotate around the X-axis direction of the horizontal plane in the first lifting block 4, and the second arc-shaped rotating block 6 is driven by the second driving member 8 to rotate around the Y-axis direction of the horizontal plane in the second lifting block 7. When the rangefinder is tilted between the rangefinder and the horizontal ground, its position can be automatically leveled, so that the placement position of the rangefinder is kept horizontal, thereby reducing the error between the width and height value measured by the rangefinder and the actual value.

Further, referring to Figures 3 and 5, in order to facilitate driving the first arc-shaped rotating block 3 to rotate, the first driving member 5 includes a first movable rack 16 whose bottom is slidably connected to the bottom of the first mounting groove 10, and the first tooth grooves 17 meshing with the first movable rack 16 are evenly distributed on the bottom of the first arc-shaped rotating block 3. A first threaded sleeve 18 is fixedly connected to the middle part of one side of the first movable rack 16 through a fixed block, and a first screw rod 19 is threadedly connected to the inner side of the first threaded sleeve 18. One end of the first screw rod 19 is fixedly connected to the first driving motor 20 through a coupling. Two first limit seats 21 are symmetrically fixed to the inner wall of the first mounting groove 10. The first limit seat 21 is rotatably connected to the first screw rod 19 through a bearing, and first limit members 22 are installed on both sides of the first arc-shaped rotating block 3.

The principle of rotating the first arc-shaped rotating block 3 is as follows: by starting the first driving motor 20 to rotate, the first driving motor 20 drives the first screw rod 19 to rotate, the first screw rod 19 drives the first threaded sleeve 18 to move, the first threaded sleeve 18 drives the first moving rack 16 to move, the first moving rack 16 engages with the first tooth groove 17, thereby driving the first arc-shaped rotating block 3 to rotate in the first groove 9, thereby realizing the fine-tuning rotation of the rangefinder unit 1 fixedly connected to the top of the first arc-shaped rotating block 3 around the horizontal plane X-axis direction.

Among them, referring to Figure 6, in order to make the first arc-shaped rotating block 3 more stable and not shake when rotating, the first limiting member 22 includes two symmetrically distributed first sliding rods 23 fixed on the outer wall of the first arc-shaped rotating block 3, and the outer side of the first sliding rod 23 is slidably sleeved with a first arc frame 24, and the first arc frame 24 is fixed on the first lifting block 4.

The two sides of the first arc-shaped rotating block 3 are limited in the first arc-shaped frame 24 by the first sliding rod 23, so that when the first arc-shaped rotating block 3 is fine-tuned and rotated, the first sliding rod 23 will rotate along the rotation trajectory in the first arc-shaped frame 24, ensuring that the first arc-shaped rotating block 3 will not shake in the first groove 9.

Further, referring to Figures 4 and 5, in order to facilitate driving the second arc-shaped rotating block 6 to rotate, the second driving member 8 includes a second movable rack 25 whose bottom is slidably connected to the bottom of the second mounting groove 12, and the second tooth grooves 26 meshing with the second movable rack 25 are evenly distributed on the bottom of the second arc-shaped rotating block 6. A second threaded sleeve 27 is fixedly connected to the middle part of one side of the second movable rack 25 through a fixed block, and a second screw rod 28 is threadedly connected to the inner side of the second threaded sleeve 27. One end of the second screw rod 28 is fixedly connected to a second driving motor 29 through a coupling. Two second limit seats 30 are symmetrically fixed to the inner wall of the second mounting groove 12. The second limit seat 30 is rotatably connected to the second screw rod 28 through a bearing, and second limit members 31 are installed on both sides of the second arc-shaped rotating block 6;

The principle of rotating the second arc-shaped rotating block 6 is as follows: by starting the second driving motor 29 to rotate, the second driving motor 29 drives the second screw rod 28 to rotate, the second screw rod 28 drives the second threaded sleeve 27 to move, the second threaded sleeve 27 drives the second movable rack 25 to move, the second movable rack 25 engages with the second tooth groove 26, thereby driving the second arc-shaped rotating block 6 to rotate in the second groove 11, thereby realizing the fine-tuning rotation of the rangefinder unit 1 fixedly connected to the top of the second arc-shaped rotating block 6 around the Y-axis direction of the horizontal plane.

Among them, referring to Figure 6, in order to make the second arc-shaped rotating block 6 more stable and not shake during rotation, the second limiting member 31 includes two symmetrically distributed second sliding rods 32 fixed on the outer wall of the second arc-shaped rotating block 6, and the outer side of the second sliding rod 32 is slidably sleeved with a second arc frame 33, and the second arc frame 33 is fixed on the second lifting block 7.

The two sides of the second arc-shaped rotating block 6 are limited in the second arc-shaped frame 33 by the second sliding rod 32, so that when the second arc-shaped rotating block 6 is fine-tuned and rotated, the second sliding rod 32 will rotate along the rotation trajectory in the second arc-shaped frame 33, ensuring that the second arc-shaped rotating block 6 will not shake in the second groove 11.

Embodiment 2: Please refer to FIG. 7 to FIG. 9 . This embodiment further explains the embodiment 1, and the difference lies in that the horizontal adjustment of the rangefinder unit 1 is optimized.

Specifically, the positioning assembly 15 includes a limit support frame 34 fixed on the second connecting seat 14, a connection limit plate 35 is slidably connected in the limit support frame 34, a memory alloy spring 36 is fixed to the top of the connection limit plate 35, the top of the memory alloy spring 36 is fixed to the lower side of the top of the limit support frame 34, a protruding rod 37 is fixed to the bottom of the limit support frame 34, the protruding rod 37 slides through the second connecting seat 14, and the second connecting seat 14 is also provided with an eddy current heating assembly 38, a third groove 44 is opened at the bottom end of the protruding rod 37, a telescopic spring 45 is fixed to the top of the third groove 44, a load-bearing rod 46 is fixed to the bottom end of the telescopic spring 45, and the load-bearing rod 46 is slidably matched with the side wall of the third groove 44;

When working on an uneven ground, under the action of the gravity of the rangefinder unit 1 itself, the multiple telescopic springs 45 are compressed to different lengths, so that the bottom ends of the multiple load-bearing rods 46 can all contact the ground. After the rangefinder unit 1 is placed, it can be lifted up to adapt to the placement on the ground with different inclinations, so as to prevent the rangefinder unit 1 from being moved or violently shaken by external forces during the measurement process.

At the same time, in order to facilitate the control of the movement of the four extending rods 37, the vortex heating component 38 includes a fixing frame 39, a vortex tube 40, a hot air pipe 41 and a docking cover 42. The fixing frame 39 is fixed at the top center position of the second connecting seat 14, the vortex tube 40 is arranged on the fixing frame 39, one end of the hot air pipe 41 is arranged at the hot air end of the vortex tube 40, and the docking cover 42 is arranged at the other end of the hot air pipe 41. The docking cover 42 is fixedly sleeved on the limiting support frame 34.

In addition, in order to improve the heating effect, the docking cover 42 is a hollow structure, and an axial flow fan 43 is installed inside the docking cover 42.

The principle of supporting by the extending rod 37 is as follows: the vortex tube 40 is filled with pressurized gas from the outside, and the hot air generated by the vortex tube 40 passes through the hot air pipe 41 and the docking cover 42, and then is blown onto the memory alloy spring 36 through the axial flow fan 43. The memory alloy spring 36 is heated and deformed to extend, and the memory alloy spring 36 presses down the connection limit plate 35, and the connection limit plate 35 presses down to adjust the extending rod 37 to move downward, so that the extending rod 37 contacts the ground, replacing the existing patent in which the rangefinder is supported by the legs, and then under the action of the rangefinder unit 1's own gravity, the multiple telescopic springs 45 are compressed to different lengths, so that the bottom ends of the multiple load-bearing rods 46 can all contact the ground, and the rangefinder unit 1 can be lifted up after the position is completed to adapt to the placement on the ground with different inclinations. Compared with the existing method of using legs for support, this method allows the rangefinder to adapt to the placement on the ground with different levels, and there will be no phenomenon of individual legs being lifted up during placement, and the stability is better.

It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (9)

1. An automatic rock and soil deformation detection device, comprising: A distance meter unit (1) for measuring distances at different vertical heights of rocks, wherein a deviation correction and leveling component (2) for adjusting the position of the distance meter unit (1) is fixed to the bottom of the distance meter unit (1); Characteristically, the deviation correction and leveling component (2) further comprises: A first arc-shaped rotating block (3), a first lifting block (4), a first driving member (5), a second arc-shaped rotating block (6), a second lifting block (7) and a second driving member (8); The first arc-shaped rotating block (3) is fixed at the bottom center of the rangefinder unit (1); the top of the first lifting block (4) is provided with a first groove (9) matching with the first arc-shaped rotating block (3); the interior of the first lifting block (4) is provided with a first mounting groove (10) connected with the bottom of the first groove (9); the first driving member (5) is fixed in the first mounting groove (10), and the output end of the first driving member (5) is transmission-connected with the bottom of the first arc-shaped rotating block (3); the second arc-shaped rotating block (6) is fixed at the bottom of the first lifting block (4); The second lifting block (7) has a second groove (11) on the top thereof, which matches the second arc-shaped rotating block (6); the second lifting block (7) has a second mounting groove (12) on the inside thereof, which is connected to the bottom of the second groove (11); the second driving member (8) is fixed in the second mounting groove (12); the output end of the second driving member (8) is transmission-connected to the bottom of the second arc-shaped rotating block (6); the bottom of the second lifting block (7) has a first connecting seat (13) fixed thereto; the bottom of the first connecting seat (13) is fixedly connected to the second connecting seat (14) via a plurality of connecting rods; Four groups of positioning components (15) are installed between the first connecting seat (13) and the second connecting seat (14), the four groups of positioning components (15) being distributed in a ring array, and the positioning components (15) are used to stably support the rangefinder unit (1). 2. An automatic rock and soil deformation detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first driving member (5) includes a first movable rack (16) whose bottom is slidably connected to the bottom of the first installation groove (10), the bottom of the first arc-shaped rotating block (3) is evenly distributed with first tooth grooves (17) meshing with the first movable rack (16), a first threaded sleeve (18) is fixedly connected to the middle part of one side of the first movable rack (16) through a fixed block, the inner side of the first threaded sleeve (18) is threadedly connected to a first screw rod (19), one end of the first screw rod (19) is fixedly connected to a first driving motor (20) through a coupling, two first limit seats (21) are symmetrically fixed to the inner wall of the first installation groove (10), the first limit seat (21) is rotatably connected to the first screw rod (19) through a bearing, and first limit members (22) are installed on both sides of the first arc-shaped rotating block (3). 3. An automatic rock and soil deformation detection device according to claim 2, characterized in that: the first limit member (22) includes two symmetrically distributed first sliding rods (23) fixed on the outer wall of the first arc-shaped rotating block (3), and the outer side of the first sliding rod (23) is slidably sleeved with a first arc-shaped frame (24), and the first arc-shaped frame (24) is fixed on the first lifting block (4). 4. An automatic rock and soil deformation detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the second driving member (8) includes a second movable rack (25) whose bottom is slidably connected to the bottom of the second mounting groove (12), the bottom of the second arc-shaped rotating block (6) is evenly distributed with second tooth grooves (26) meshing with the second movable rack (25), a second threaded sleeve (27) is fixedly connected to the middle part of one side of the second movable rack (25) through a fixed block, the inner side of the second threaded sleeve (27) is threadedly connected to the second screw rod (28), one end of the second screw rod (28) is fixedly connected to the second driving motor (29) through a coupling, two second limit seats (30) are symmetrically fixed to the inner wall of the second mounting groove (12), the second limit seat (30) is rotatably connected to the second screw rod (28) through a bearing, and second limit members (31) are installed on both sides of the second arc-shaped rotating block (6). 5. An automatic rock and soil deformation detection device according to claim 4, characterized in that: the second limit member (31) includes two symmetrically distributed second sliding rods (32) fixed on the outer wall of the second arc-shaped rotating block (6), and the outer side of the second sliding rod (32) is slidably sleeved with a second arc frame (33), and the second arc frame (33) is fixed on the second lifting block (7). 6. An automatic rock and soil deformation detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the positioning component (15) includes a limit support frame (34) fixed on the second connecting seat (14), a connecting limit plate (35) is slidably connected inside the limit support frame (34), a memory alloy spring (36) is fixed to the top of the connecting limit plate (35), the top of the memory alloy spring (36) is fixed to the lower side of the top of the limit support frame (34), an extension rod (37) is fixed to the bottom of the limit support frame (34), the extension rod (37) slides through the second connecting seat (14), and the second connecting seat (14) is also provided with an eddy current heating component (38). 7. An automatic rock and soil deformation detection device according to claim 6, characterized in that: the eddy current heating component (38) comprises a fixing frame (39), a eddy current tube (40), a hot air pipe (41) and a docking cover (42), the fixing frame (39) is fixed at the top center position of the second connecting seat (14), the eddy current tube (40) is arranged on the fixing frame (39), one end of the hot air pipe (41) is arranged at the hot air end of the eddy current tube (40), the docking cover (42) is arranged at the other end of the hot air pipe (41), and the docking cover (42) is fixedly sleeved on the limiting support frame (34). 8. An automatic rock and soil deformation detection device according to claim 7, characterized in that the docking cover (42) is a hollow structure, and an axial flow fan (43) is installed inside the docking cover (42). 9. An automatic rock and soil deformation detection device according to claim 6, characterized in that: a third groove (44) is formed at the bottom end of the extension rod (37), a telescopic spring (45) is fixed to the top of the third groove (44), a load-bearing rod (46) is fixed to the bottom end of the telescopic spring (45), and the load-bearing rod (46) is slidably matched with the side wall of the third groove (44).