CN118707356B - A high-precision method for estimating the remaining charging time of new energy vehicles - Google Patents
A high-precision method for estimating the remaining charging time of new energy vehicles Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-precision new energy automobile charging remaining time estimation method, which relates to the technical field of new energy automobile battery management, unifies the calculation of temperature rise coefficients and charging currents under different working conditions, simplifies the iterative calculation of the charging remaining time, replaces natural heat dissipation related parameters under different environmental temperatures by using heat balance currents of a battery pack under different environmental temperatures, and equivalent the heat of a natural heat dissipation part to the heat generated under a certain fixed current, when the battery pack thermal model is calculated, the battery is equivalent to a pure resistor, the temperature rise coefficients corresponding to different charging currents at different temperatures can be calculated through the heat balance currents, the battery pack thermal model is simplified, the calculation complexity is reduced, meanwhile, the user experience is integrated, a more reasonable charging remaining time display value smoothing strategy is formulated, and the stability of the charging remaining time in the whole charging process is improved. The invention effectively improves the estimation accuracy of the charging residual time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of new energy automobile battery management, in particular to a high-precision new energy automobile charging remaining time estimation method.
Background
As the permeability of new energy vehicles in the whole vehicle market rises year by year, a great advantage of the new energy vehicles over conventional oil vehicles is their man-machine interaction systems. Through the vehicle-mounted display screen or the mobile phone app, a vehicle owner can know the state of the new energy automobile at any time and any place, so that the importance of various parameters of the battery state is increasingly highlighted, and the charging remaining time is one of important indexes in the charging management technology.
The estimation of the remaining charge time of a new energy vehicle is affected by many factors, mainly including the following aspects:
1. The complexity of battery parameters is that the state of charge of the battery is affected by various parameters such as the state of charge (SOC) of the battery, the charge current, the battery temperature, etc. These factors vary continuously during the charging process and have complex interactions with each other. How to accurately acquire and process these parameters, and how to build an accurate relationship model between these parameters and the charge remaining time, is a primary difficulty in calculating the charge remaining time.
2. The non-linear characteristic of the charging process is that the charging process of the battery is not a simple linear process, but is divided into a plurality of stages such as trickle, constant current and constant voltage. The charging characteristics and speed of each stage are different and may be affected by factors such as the temperature of the battery, the degree of aging, etc. Therefore, how to accurately simulate and predict the entire charging process, and how to smoothly transition between different phases, is another great difficulty in calculating the charging remaining time.
3. The change of environmental factors, namely the calculation of the charging remaining time, also needs to consider the change of the environmental factors, such as the environmental temperature, the humidity, the wind speed and the like. These factors may affect the charge efficiency and charge speed of the battery, thereby affecting the calculation of the charge remaining time. However, the variation of environmental factors tends to be unpredictable, which further increases the difficulty in calculating the charge remaining time.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a high-precision new energy automobile charging remaining time estimation method, which effectively improves the charging remaining time estimation precision.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme, including:
a high-precision new energy automobile charging remaining time estimation method comprises the following steps:
S1, the initial SOC of charging is recorded as a SOC 1, the initial temperature is recorded as a T 1, and the charging current of the initial stage, namely the 1 st stage, is determined to be I 1 according to the SOC 1 and the T 1;
S2, the time Δt T1 that the temperature increases from T 1 to T map2 at the charging current I 1 is calculated as:
Delta T T1= (Tmap2-T1)/ TR1, wherein T R1 is the temperature rise coefficient of the charging state at the current stage, namely the temperature T 1 and the charging current I 1;
The time Δt SOC1 that the SOC has elapsed from the SOC 1 to the SOC map2 at the charging current I 1 is calculated as:
Delta t SOC1= (socmap2-soc1)×Cap/ I1, wherein Cap is the total capacity of the battery pack;
Wherein, T map2、socmap2 is the temperature and SOC of the next stage, namely the 2 nd stage, in the charging Map table respectively;
S3, if Δt T1<ΔtSOC1 is reached, charging time Δt 1= ΔtT1 of charging current I 1 is reached, charging Δt 1 is reached at charging current I 1, the temperature at this time is denoted as T 2, and SOC is denoted as SOC 2, specifically, T 2= Tmap2,soc2= soc1+(I1×Δt1)/Cap;
if Δt T1>ΔtSOC1, charging time Δt 1= ΔtSOC1 of charging current I 1 is set, charging Δt 1 for charging current I 1, and then recording the temperature at that time as T 2, and SOC as SOC 2, specifically, T 2= T1+TR1×Δt1,soc2= socmap2;
If Δt T1= ΔtSOC1, charging time Δt 1= ΔtSOC1= ΔtT1 of charging current I 1 is set, charging Δt 1 for charging current I 1, and then recording the temperature at that time as T 2, and SOC as SOC 2, specifically, T 2= Tmap2,soc2= socmap2;
S4, according to the mode of the steps S1-S3, determining that the charging current of the next stage, namely the 2 nd stage, is I 2 according to T 2 and SOC 2, calculating the charging time delta T 2 under the charging current I 2, and obtaining the temperature and the SOC after the charging delta T 2 under the charging current I 2, and charging the battery in a subsequent stage-by-stage manner until the SOC reaches the set charging target SOC, thereby obtaining the charging remaining time as
T=Δt 1+Δt2+...+Δtn, where n is the total number of stages of the charging process, Δt n is the charging time at the charging current I n of the nth stage.
Preferably, the charging current calculation mode of each stage is as follows:
Ii= min(Imapi,IV);
Wherein I represents the I-th stage, i=1, 2, & gt, n, I mapi is Map table current corresponding to the SOC and temperature of the I-th stage obtained by checking the charging Map table, I V is maximum charging current which can be obtained by the battery pack in the charging state of the I-th stage, and min (·) is a minimum function.
Preferably, the maximum charging current I V that can be obtained by the battery pack in the charging state of the current stage is the maximum output current minus the load current of the charging device;
The charging device is AC charging or DC charging;
The load current comprises a thermal management related load current and a non-thermal management related load current, wherein if thermal management is not started, the load current is only the non-thermal management related load current, and if thermal management is started, the load current is the sum of the non-thermal management related load current and the thermal management related load current.
Preferably, the temperature rise coefficient under the charging state of each stage is calculated in the following manner:
TRi= TRi_I+ TRi_W;
Wherein I represents the I-th stage, i=1, 2,. -%, n; T Ri is the temperature rise coefficient of the charging state of the ith stage, namely the temperature T i and the charging current I i, T Ri_I is the temperature rise coefficient of the thermal management system after natural heat dissipation in the charging state of the ith stage, and T Ri_W is the temperature rise coefficient of the thermal management system in the charging state of the ith stage.
Preferably, the calculation mode of the temperature rise coefficient T Ri_I after natural heat dissipation in the charging state of the ith stage is as follows:
Firstly, obtaining temperature rise coefficients of 1C current charging at different temperatures through experiments;
Then, according to Joule's law, and the temperature T i and the charging current I i in the ith stage, T Ri_I is calculated as:
;
Wherein I T is heat balance current at temperature T i, I C is charging current corresponding to 1C, and T RC is temperature rise coefficient of 1C current charging at temperature T i.
Preferably, the heat balance current I T at the temperature T i is a heat balance current at the temperature T i when the battery pack is charged with a certain fixed current at the temperature T i and the temperature of the battery pack is not changed.
Preferably, if the thermal management is not on, the temperature rise coefficient T Ri_W =0 of the thermal management system, if the thermal management is in a heating state, the temperature rise coefficient T Ri_W of the thermal management system is positive, and if the thermal management is in a cooling state, the temperature rise coefficient T Ri_W of the thermal management system is negative;
the temperature rise coefficient T Ri_W of the thermal management system is obtained through calibration by a test, and the value of the temperature rise coefficient T Ri_W is the average temperature rise under the heating or cooling state.
Preferably, the specific procedure of the charging remaining time estimation method is as follows:
s11, after the vehicle enters charging, judging whether the vehicle is DC charging or AC charging, obtaining the maximum output current of the charging equipment, and switching heat management related parameters according to the charging type, wherein the heat management related parameters comprise a temperature threshold value for determining a heat management state;
S12, first estimation of charging remaining time:
S121, initializing and setting a charge remaining time estimated value t1=0 min, namely iteratively calculating a counter count=0 of the change times of the charge current, and assigning initial SOC and initial temperature to the soc_cal and the t_cal;
S122, checking the charging Map table by the root soc_cal and the root t_cal to obtain Map table current I map _cal;
S123, determining the current thermal management state according to the current temperature T_cal and the thermal management related parameters;
s124, judging whether the current thermal management is started, namely whether the current thermal management is in a heating or cooling state, and calculating the current charging current I_cal, wherein the current charging current I_cal is as follows:
If the thermal management is not started, the current charging current I_cal=min (I map_cal,IV), wherein I V is the maximum charging current which can be obtained by the battery pack in the current charging state, I V is the maximum output current of the charging equipment minus the load current, and at the moment, the thermal management is not started, and the load current is only the load current related to the non-thermal management;
if the thermal management is started, calculating the current charging current I_cal=min (I mapi,IV), wherein the thermal management is started at the moment, and the load current is the sum of the non-thermal management related load current and the thermal management related load current;
s125, according to the current thermal management state, calculating a current temperature rise coefficient T R _cal, wherein the specific steps are as follows:
If the thermal management is not started, the current temperature rise coefficient T R _cal is:
;
Wherein I T is the heat balance current at the current temperature T_cal, I C is the charging current corresponding to 1C, and T RC is the temperature rise coefficient when 1C is charged at the current temperature T_cal;
If the thermal management is on, the current temperature rise coefficient T R _cal is:
;
Wherein T R_W is the temperature rise coefficient of the current thermal management system, if the thermal management is in a heating state, the temperature rise coefficient T R_W of the thermal management system is positive, if the thermal management is in a cooling state, the temperature rise coefficient T R_W of the thermal management system is negative;
s126, checking a charging Map table to obtain the SOC and the temperature of the next stage, and marking the SOC and the temperature as soc_next and T_next;
S127, calculating the time delta t_T= (T_next-T_cal)/T R _cal, which is the time from T_cal to T_next, under the current charging current I_cal, and calculating the time delta t_soc= (SOC_next-SOC_cal) x Cap/I_cal, which is the time from soc_cal to soc_next, under the current charging current I_cal, wherein Cap is the total capacity of the battery pack;
S128, judging the magnitude relation between delta t_soc and delta t_T, determining whether the current change of the next iteration is caused by SOC or temperature, and obtaining SOC and temperature before the change of the charging current, which are respectively recorded as SOC_ nextcal and T_ nextcal;
if Δt_soc > Δt_t, the current change is caused by temperature, the charging time of the charging current i_cal is made Δt_t, soc_ nextcal =soc_cal+i_cal×Δt_t/Cap, t_ nextcal =t_next is obtained, the value of the remaining charging time T1 is updated to t1+Δt_t, and the value of the counter Count is updated to count+1;
If Δt_soc < Δt_t, the current change is caused by SOC, the charging time of charging current i_cal is made Δt_soc, soc_ nextcal =soc_next, t_ nextcal =t_cal+t R _cal×Δt_soc is obtained, the value of charging remaining time T1 is updated to t1+Δt_soc, and the value of counter Count is updated to count+1;
If Δt_soc=Δt_t, let the charging duration of the charging current i_cal be Δt_soc, obtain soc_ nextcal =soc_next, t_ nextcal =t_next, update the value of the remaining charging time T1 to t1+Δt_soc, and update the value of the counter Count to count+1;
S129, judging whether SOC_ nextcal < SOC_target and Count <100 are met, if so, assigning SOC_next and T_ nextcal to SOC_cal and T_cal, returning to step S122, and carrying out next iterative computation, and if not, ending the first estimation of the charge remaining time to obtain a first estimation result t=min (T1, X), wherein X is the maximum value of the set charge remaining time;
s13, after the first estimation of the charging remaining time is finished, the charging remaining time display value displayed on the display screen is directly assigned to be the first estimation result;
And S14, continuing to estimate the charge remaining time next time, and updating the charge remaining time display value according to the follow-up strategy instead of directly assigning the charge remaining time display value to the subsequent estimation result.
Preferably, the following strategy of the charge remaining time display value is as follows:
(1) When the charging state is not entered, the display value of the charging residual time is a default value of 0min, and after the charging is exited, the display value of the charging residual time immediately jumps to the default value of 0min;
(2) Under normal working conditions, the charge remaining time display value is not allowed to rise and only allowed to fall, and the charge remaining time display value is reduced by 1 per minute and is not allowed to jump;
(3) Accelerating the charge remaining time display value to elapse when the charge remaining time display value > the last estimated charge remaining time;
(4) When the SOC is less than or equal to 90%, the maximum acceleration and deceleration rate of the charge remaining time display value is 1.5 times, and when the SOC is more than 90%, the maximum acceleration and deceleration rate of the charge remaining time display value is 3 times;
(5) If the charging current is less than 1A, the charging residual time display value is kept unchanged under the working condition of not only heating or not only cooling;
(6) When the charging residual time quick correction flag bit exists, the charging residual time display value accelerates to follow the re-estimated charging residual time at a rate of 10 times;
(7) And when the charging remaining time jump flag bit exists, the charging remaining time display value jumps to the re-estimated charging remaining time directly.
A computer program product comprising a computer program which when executed by a processor implements a high accuracy method of estimating the charging remaining time of a new energy vehicle as described above.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) According to the invention, various external factors (artificial/non-artificial) influencing the estimation accuracy of the charging residual time under different working conditions of the vehicle are fully considered, and the estimation accuracy of the charging residual time and the use experience of a user are effectively improved.
(2) According to the invention, the calculation methods of the temperature rise coefficient and the charging current under different working conditions are unified, so that the iterative calculation of the charging residual time is simplified, and the complexity of an algorithm is reduced.
(3) According to the invention, the heat balance current of the battery pack at different environmental temperatures is used for replacing natural heat dissipation related parameters at different environmental temperatures, a simplified battery pack heat model is built, and temperature estimation in the vehicle charging process is completed through a small amount of experimental data.
(4) The invention introduces a heat balance concept, and equivalent the heat of a natural heat dissipation part to the heat generated under a certain fixed current, obtains the currents corresponding to the heat balance under different environment temperatures in advance through experiments, simulation and other modes, and when the battery pack thermal model is calculated, the battery is equivalent to a pure resistor, and the temperature rise coefficients corresponding to different charging currents under different environment temperatures can be calculated through the heat balance current introduced by the heat balance concept, so that the battery pack thermal model is simplified, and the calculation complexity is reduced.
(5) According to the invention, the user experience is integrated, a more reasonable charging remaining time display value smoothing strategy is formulated, the accuracy and rationality of the vehicle instrument display value are optimized, and the stability of the charging remaining time in the whole charging process is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of an estimation method of the remaining time of the vehicle charge in embodiment 1.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart showing a specific procedure for estimating the remaining time of the vehicle charge in example 2.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the method for estimating the charging remaining time of the new energy automobile with high precision provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
S1, the initial SOC of charging is recorded as SOC 1, the initial temperature is recorded as T 1, and the charging current of the initial stage, namely the 1 st stage, is determined to be I 1 according to the SOC 1 and the T 1.
S2, the time Δt T1 that the temperature increases from T 1 to T map2 at the charging current I 1 is calculated as:
Δt T1= (Tmap2-T1)/ TR1, wherein T R1 is the temperature rise coefficient in the current phase, namely the 1 st phase charging state (temperature T 1, charging current I 1).
The time Δt SOC1 that the SOC has elapsed from the SOC 1 to the SOC map2 at the charging current I 1 is calculated as:
Δt SOC1= (socmap2-soc1)×Cap/ I1, wherein Cap is the total capacity of the battery pack.
Wherein, T map2、socmap2 is the temperature and SOC of the next stage, namely the 2 nd stage, in the charging Map table.
S3, if Δt T1<ΔtSOC1, let charging time Δt 1= ΔtT1 of charging current I 1 be, after charging Δt 1 time at charging current I 1, the temperature at this time be denoted as T 2, and SOC be denoted as SOC 2, specifically:
T2= Tmap2,soc2= soc1+(I1×Δt1)/Cap。
If Δt T1>ΔtSOC1 is Δ, charging time Δt 1= ΔtSOC1 of charging current I 1 is Δt 1 time after charging current I 1, the temperature at this time is denoted as T 2, and SOC is denoted as SOC 2, specifically, T 2= T1+TR1×Δt1,soc2= socmap2.
If Δt T1=ΔtSOC1 is Δ, charging time Δt 1= ΔtSOC1= ΔtT1 of charging current I 1 is Δt 1 time after charging current I 1, the temperature at this time is denoted as T 2, and SOC is denoted as SOC 2, specifically, T 2= Tmap2,soc2= socmap2.
S4, according to the mode of steps S1-S3, determining that the charging current of the next stage, namely the 2 nd stage, is I 2 according to T 2 and SOC 2, calculating the charging time delta T 2,Δt2=min(ΔtT2,ΔtSOC2 under the charging current I 2, obtaining the temperature and the SOC after the charging delta T 2 under the charging current I 2, respectively recording as T 3 and SOC 3, min (-) as minimum functions, and carrying out charging step by step until the SOC reaches the set charging target SOC, wherein the charging remaining time is t=delta T 1+Δt2+...+Δtn, n is the total stage number of the charging process, and delta T n is the charging time under the charging current I n of the n-th stage.
The charging current calculation mode of each stage is as follows:
Ii= min(Imapi,IV);
Wherein I represents the I-th stage, i=1, 2,. -%, n; I mapi is Map table current corresponding to SOC and temperature of the ith stage, namely SOC i and T i, obtained by checking the charging Map table, I V is maximum charging current which can be obtained by the battery pack in the charging state of the ith stage, and min (DEG) is a minimum function.
The maximum charging current I V that the battery pack can acquire in the current stage charging state is the maximum output current of the charging device minus the load current. The charging device is AC charging or DC charging. The load current comprises a thermal management related load current and a non-thermal management related load current, wherein if thermal management is not started, the load current is only the non-thermal management related load current, and if thermal management is started, the load current is the sum of the non-thermal management related load current and the thermal management related load current.
The temperature rise coefficient under the charging state of each stage is calculated in the following way:
TRi= TRi_I+ TRi_W;
Wherein T Ri is the temperature rise coefficient in the charging state of the ith stage, T Ri_I is the temperature rise coefficient after natural heat dissipation in the charging state of the ith stage, and T Ri_W is the temperature rise coefficient of the thermal management system in the charging state of the ith stage.
The calculation mode of the temperature rise coefficient T Ri_I after natural heat dissipation in the charging state of the ith stage is as follows:
Firstly, obtaining temperature rise coefficients of 1C current charging at different temperatures through experiments;
Then, according to Joule's law, and the temperature T i and the charging current I i in the ith stage, T Ri_I is calculated as:
;
Wherein, I T is the heat balance current at the current stage temperature, namely T i, I C is the charging current corresponding to 1C, and T RC is the temperature rise coefficient of the current charging of 1C at the current stage temperature T i.
In this embodiment, the estimation principle of the temperature rise coefficient and the charging current is as follows.
In addition to the environmental temperature and the charging current, the temperature rise coefficient estimation in the charging process of the new energy automobile needs to consider the working state of the thermal management system, and is divided into six working conditions according to the thermal management function, namely low-temperature only heating, low-temperature charging while heating, normal-temperature charging, high-temperature cooling while charging and high-temperature only cooling. The actual charging process is one or a combination of six working conditions. Under the lower condition of temperature, the battery package can't directly charge, even charge and connect, but can get into only heating state earlier and charge after the temperature rises to a certain extent, and the same reason is under the higher condition of temperature, the battery package also can't directly charge, even charge and connect, but also can get into only cooling state earlier and charge after the temperature drops to a certain extent.
The main influencing factors of charging current estimation in the charging process are battery charging capacity (data in a charging Map table), charging equipment output capacity (charging pile AC charging/charger DC charging), and vehicle load (divided into a thermal management related load and a non-thermal management related load).
The details are shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1 temperature increase coefficient and charging Current under different conditions
;
In table 1, the maximum charging current is the maximum output current of the charging device minus the load current.
1. And (3) obtaining relevant parameters of temperature rise coefficient estimation:
the thermal model of the temperature rise coefficient estimation is complex, the charging residual time estimation has low requirements on the temperature rise coefficient estimation precision, and the embodiment adopts a simplified model to estimate the temperature rise coefficient.
(1) The heating/cooling temperature rise coefficient, namely the temperature rise coefficient of the thermal management system, is mainly influenced by the environmental temperature and the thermal management power, and the experimental data is adopted for calibrating and obtaining the parameter because the thermal management power and the strategy of different vehicles are different. At ambient temperature (low temperature), the average temperature rise from heating only to exiting the heating only phase is taken as the heating temperature rise coefficient (positive value), and at ambient temperature (high temperature), the average temperature rise from cooling only to exiting the cooling only phase is taken as the cooling temperature rise coefficient (negative value). The average temperature rise is calculated in terms of total temperature rise per time in units of DEG C/min.
(2) The natural heat dissipation temperature rise coefficient is mainly influenced by the ambient temperature and the battery pack structure, is difficult to directly obtain in the actual charging process, introduces a heat balance concept, charges with a certain fixed current at a certain ambient temperature T i, and records the current as a heat balance current I T at the current ambient temperature T i if the battery pack temperature does not change.
(3) And the heat generation and temperature rise coefficient of the charging current is that the heat generation in the charging process of the lithium battery mainly comes from the internal resistance (ohmic internal resistance and polarized internal resistance), the internal resistance change in the charging process at the same temperature is ignored, the battery core is equivalent to a pure resistor (the same temperature), and the temperature rise coefficient of the charging process of the 1C current at different temperatures is obtained through experiments. C is a representation method of the nominal capacity of the battery against the current, for example, the battery is 1000mAh capacity, the charging current corresponding to 1C is 1000mA, for example, the battery is 1800mAh capacity, and the charging current corresponding to 1C is 1800mA.
According to the above-mentioned natural heat-dissipation temperature-rise coefficient and the related parameters of the heat-generation temperature-rise coefficient of the charging current, the obtained temperature T i and the temperature-rise coefficient T Ri_I after natural heat dissipation when charging under the charging current I i are:
;
Wherein I T is the current temperature, namely the heat balance current at T i, I C is the charging current corresponding to 1C, and T RC is the temperature rise coefficient of the current at the current temperature T i when 1C is charged.
And combining the temperature rise coefficient of the thermal management system to obtain the temperature rise coefficient when charging under the conditions of temperature T i and charging current I i, wherein the temperature rise coefficient is as follows:
;
Wherein, T Ri_W is the temperature rise coefficient of the thermal management system at the temperature T i and the charging current I i (the heating state is positive and the cooling state is negative).
2. And (3) acquiring related parameters of charging current estimation:
(1) The charging Map table data are recorded into a BMS (battery management system), and Map table current can be directly obtained by checking the charging Map table according to the SOC and the temperature. The charging Map table is shown in table 2 below:
table 2 charging Map table
;
In Table 2, the first row represents temperature in degrees Celsius, the first column represents SOC in degrees Celsius, and the values in the table are Map table currents in A. And (3) checking a charging Map table according to the temperature and the SOC to obtain corresponding Map table current during vehicle charging. And when the charging remaining time is estimated, the charging current is estimated by referring to the same charging Map table data.
(2) The load current/power may be directly obtained through a communication protocol between the BMS and the load-related controller.
(3) The maximum output current of the charging pile (DC charging) can be directly obtained through a CML message (SPN 2826 maximum output current, see GBT 27930-2015 for details) sent by the charging pile.
(4) The maximum output current of the vehicle-mounted charger (AC charging) can be obtained through a communication protocol between the OBC (vehicle-mounted charger) and the BMS, or calculated through the following formula:
;
Wherein I OBC is the maximum output current of OBC (vehicle-mounted charger), P OBC is the rated power of OBC, eta OBC is the conversion efficiency of OBC, I cc、Icp is the current limit of AC side, and is calculated according to the CC resistance and CP duty ratio (see GBT 18487.1-2015 for details), V AC is the voltage of AC side, and V DC is the voltage of DC side.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2, the embodiment provides a high-precision new energy automobile charging remaining time estimation method, and the specific implementation process is as follows:
And S11, after the vehicle enters the charging, judging that the vehicle is DC charging or AC charging, obtaining the maximum output current of a charging pile (DC charging)/a charger (AC charging), the maximum charging remaining time and other parameters, and switching the heat management related parameters according to the charging type.
S12, first estimation of charging remaining time:
s121, initializing and setting a charge remaining time estimated value t1=0 min, a counter count=0 for iterative calculation times (change times of charge current), and assigning initial SOC and initial temperature to soc_cal and t_cal;
S122, checking a charging Map table according to the root soc_cal and the root t_cal, obtaining a corresponding current Ip in the charging Map table, and obtaining Map table current I map _cal as Ip multiplied by SOH according to the SOH (state of health) of the battery pack, wherein SOH is the SOH value of the battery pack.
Because the data in the charging Map table is for a new vehicle, when the vehicle is used for one year or more, the electric quantity of the battery pack is attenuated, and SOH (the percentage of the current capacity of the battery to the factory capacity) is a parameter for evaluating the electric quantity attenuation of the battery, and the general range is 0-100%, when the battery pack is aged, the battery pack cannot be still charged according to the current Ip of the Map table at the beginning, damage can be generated to the battery, and the current SOH needs to be multiplied to obtain the current of the Map table after the battery pack is aged.
S123, determining the current thermal management state according to the current temperature T_cal and the thermal management related parameter (thermal management temperature threshold).
The thermal management state refers to the different conditions in table 1, for example, the heating-only condition is generally determined by using the lowest temperature as a criterion, the heating-only condition is determined if the lowest temperature is lower than a heating-only temperature threshold (minus 5 ℃ under rapid charging), the charging-while-heating condition is determined if the lowest temperature satisfies a heating-only temperature threshold (0 ℃ under rapid charging) during charging, the cooling-only condition is generally determined by using the highest temperature as a criterion, the cooling-only condition is determined if the highest temperature is higher than a cooling-only temperature threshold (50 ℃ under rapid charging), and the cooling-while-charging condition is determined if the highest temperature satisfies a cooling-only temperature threshold (45 ℃ under rapid charging) during cooling.
In this embodiment, the thermal management related parameters (thermal management temperature threshold) are specifically shown in the following table 3:
TABLE 3 thermal management temperature threshold
;
S124, judging whether the current thermal management is started, namely whether the current thermal management is in a heating or cooling state, and calculating the current charging current I_cal, wherein the current charging current I_cal is as follows:
If the thermal management is not started, the current charging current I_cal=min (I map_cal,IV), wherein I V is the maximum charging current which can be obtained by the battery pack in the current charging state, I V is the maximum output current of the charging equipment minus the load current, and at the moment, the thermal management is not started, and the load current is only the load current related to the non-thermal management;
if the thermal management is on, the present charging current i_cal=min (I mapi,IV) is calculated, and at this time, the thermal management is on, and the load current is the sum of the non-thermal management related load current and the thermal management related load current.
S125, according to the current thermal management state, calculating a current temperature rise coefficient T R _cal, wherein the specific steps are as follows:
If the thermal management is not started, the current temperature rise coefficient T R _cal is:
;
If the thermal management is on, the current temperature rise coefficient T R _cal is:
;
Wherein, T R_W is the temperature rise coefficient of the current thermal management system (heating state is positive value, cooling state is negative value).
S126, looking up the charge Map table to obtain SOC and temperature of the next stage, which are recorded as soc_next and T_next, as shown in the above Table 2, for example, the current stage SOC, temperature, i.e. soc_cal and T_cal are respectively 50% and 15 ℃, if the current temperature rise coefficient T R _cal is positive, the next stage temperature is 20 ℃, if the current temperature rise coefficient T R _cal is negative, the next stage temperature is 10 ℃, and the next stage SOC is 55%.
S127, calculating the time that the temperature rises from T_cal to T_next under the current charging current I_cal
Deltat = (t_next-t_cal)/T R cal, and calculating the time deltat_soc = (soc_next-soc_cal) ×cap/i_cal elapsed from the ascent of SOC from soc_cal to soc_next at the present charging current i_cal, wherein Cap is the total capacity of the battery pack.
S128, judging the magnitude relation between delta t_soc and delta t_T, determining whether the current change of the next iteration is caused by SOC or temperature, and obtaining SOC and temperature before the change of the charging current, which are respectively recorded as SOC_ nextcal and T_ nextcal;
If Δt_soc > Δt_t, the current change is caused by temperature, making the charging duration of the charging current i_cal be Δt_t, obtaining soc_ nextcal =soc_cal+i_cal×Δt_t/Cap, t_ nextcal =t_next, and updating the charging remaining time t1=t1+Δt_t, counter count=count+1;
If Δt_soc < Δt_t, the current change is caused by SOC, making the charging duration of the charging current i_cal be Δt_soc, obtaining soc_ nextcal =soc_next, t_ nextcal =t_cal+t R _cal×Δt_soc, and updating the remaining charging time t1=t1+Δt_soc, and the counter count=count+1;
If Δt_soc=Δt_t, let the charging duration of the charging current i_cal be Δt_soc, obtain soc_ nextcal =soc_next, t_ nextcal =t_next, update the value of the remaining charging time T1 to t1+Δt_soc, and update the value of the counter Count to count+1;
S129, judging whether SOC_ nextcal < SOC_target and Count <100 are met, if so, assigning SOC_next and T_ nextcal to SOC_cal and T_cal, returning to step S122, and carrying out next iterative computation, and if not, ending the first estimation of the charge remaining time to obtain a first estimation result t=min (T1, X), wherein X is a set maximum value of the charge remaining time, and SOC_target is a set charge target SOC.
And S13, after the first estimation of the charging remaining time is finished, directly assigning the charging remaining time display value displayed on the display screen as a first estimation result.
And S14, continuing to estimate the charge remaining time next time, and updating the charge remaining time display value according to the follow-up strategy instead of directly assigning the charge remaining time display value to the subsequent estimation result.
In the charging process, the present embodiment enables the charging remaining time jump flag bit, i.e., ends the estimation of the current charging remaining time, and re-performs the estimation according to the manner of step S12, and directly updates the estimation result to the charging remaining time display value if any one of the following conditions is satisfied:
a. The set charge target SOC changes by more than 2%.
The bms triggers a fault, actively reduces the charging current, and the current changes by more than 15A under DC charging, or by more than 3A under AC charging.
C. The output capability of the charging stake (under DC charging)/charger (AC charging) is insufficient, and under DC charging, the charging request current (not including the load current) -the charging current detected by the BMS is >15A, or under AC charging, the charging request current (not including the load current) -the charging current detected by the BMS is >3A, for 1min. For example, the maximum output current data initially sent by the charging pile is not identical to actual maximum output current data, two vehicles are charged simultaneously by the same charging pile, and high-power loads such as an air conditioner and the like are started in an AC charging process.
And d, the maximum output current of the OBC (on-board charger) is changed under AC charging, and the change amount is more than 3A. For example, OBC power limited, etc.
E.BMS was subject to SOC mutation, and the mutation amount was more than 5%. For example, calibrating SOC, etc.
In the charging process of the embodiment, if any one of the following conditions is satisfied, the charging remaining time quick correction flag bit is enabled, that is, the estimation of the current charging remaining time is ended, and the estimation is performed again according to the manner of step S12:
a. triggering an SOC correction strategy.
b.SOC≥99%。
In this embodiment, the following strategy of the charging remaining time display value:
(1) When the charging state is not entered, the charging remaining time display value is a default value of 0min, and after the charging is exited (full charge or abnormal suspension), the charging remaining time display value immediately jumps to the default value of 0min.
(2) Under normal working conditions, the charge remaining time display value is not allowed to rise and only allowed to fall, and the charge remaining time display value is reduced by 1 per minute and no jump is allowed.
(3) When the charge remaining time display value > the last estimated charge remaining time, the charge remaining time display value is accelerated to elapse, and otherwise, the charge remaining time display value is decelerated to elapse.
(4) And when the SOC is less than or equal to 90%, the maximum speed of acceleration and deceleration of the charge remaining time display value is 1.5 times, and when the SOC is more than 90%, the maximum speed of acceleration and deceleration of the charge remaining time display value is 3 times.
(5) And if the charging current is less than 1A under the non-heating or non-cooling working condition, the charging residual time display value is kept unchanged.
(6) When the quick correction flag bit of the charge remaining time exists (for example, the SOC reaches 99 percent, the SOC correction strategy is triggered, and the like), the charge remaining time display value accelerates to follow the re-estimated charge remaining time at a rate of 10 times.
(7) When the charging remaining time jump flag bit exists (such as the change of the charging target SOC, insufficient output capability of the charging pile/charger, and the like), the charging remaining time display value jumps directly to the re-estimated charging remaining time.
The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The high-precision new energy automobile charging remaining time estimation method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
S1, the initial SOC of charging is recorded as a SOC 1, the initial temperature is recorded as a T 1, and the charging current of the initial stage, namely the 1 st stage, is determined to be I 1 according to the SOC 1 and the T 1;
S2, calculating the time delta T T1 from T 1 to T map2 under the charging current I 1 to be delta T T1 = (Tmap2-T1)/ TR1, wherein T R0 is the charging state of the current stage, namely the temperature T 1 and the temperature rise coefficient under the charging current I 1;
Calculating the time delta t SOC1 that the SOC rises from the SOC 1 to the SOC map2 under the charging current I 1 to be delta t SOC1 = (socmap2-soc1)×Cap/ I1, wherein Cap is the total capacity of the battery pack;
Wherein, T map2、socmap2 is the temperature and SOC of the next stage, namely the 2 nd stage, in the charging Map table respectively;
S3, if Δt T1<ΔtSOC1 is reached, charging time Δt 1 = ΔtT1 of charging current I 1 is reached, charging Δt 1 is reached at charging current I 1, the temperature at this time is denoted as T 2, and SOC is denoted as SOC 2, specifically, T 2 = Tmap2,soc2 = soc1+(I1×Δt1)/Cap;
If Δt T1>ΔtSOC1, charging time Δt 1 = ΔtSOC1 of charging current I 1 is set, charging Δt 1 for charging current I 1, and then recording the temperature at that time as T 2, and SOC as SOC 2, specifically, T 2 = T1+TR1×Δt1,soc2 = socmap2;
if Δt T1 = ΔtSOC1, charging time Δt 1 = ΔtSOC1 = ΔtT1 of charging current I 1 is set, charging Δt 1 for charging current I 1, and then recording the temperature at that time as T 2, and SOC as SOC 2, specifically, T 2 = Tmap2,soc2 = socmap2;
S4, according to the mode of steps S1-S3, determining that the charging current of the next stage, namely the 2 nd stage, is I 2 according to T 2 and SOC 2, calculating the charging time delta T 2 under the charging current I 2, and obtaining the temperature and the SOC after the charging delta T 2 time under the charging current I 2;
The specific process is as follows:
s11, after the vehicle enters charging, judging whether the vehicle is DC charging or AC charging, obtaining the maximum output current of the charging equipment, and switching heat management related parameters according to the charging type, wherein the heat management related parameters comprise a temperature threshold value for determining a heat management state;
S12, first estimation of charging remaining time:
S121, initializing and setting a charge remaining time estimated value t1=0 min, namely iteratively calculating a counter count=0 of the change times of the charge current, and assigning initial SOC and initial temperature to the soc_cal and the t_cal;
S122, checking the charging Map table by the root soc_cal and the root t_cal to obtain Map table current I map _cal;
S123, determining the current thermal management state according to the current temperature T_cal and the thermal management related parameters;
S124, judging whether the current thermal management is started, namely whether the current thermal management is in a heating or cooling state, and calculating the current charging current I_cal, wherein the current charging current I_cal is calculated as follows:
If the thermal management is not started, the current charging current I_cal=min (I map_cal,IV), wherein I V is the maximum charging current which can be obtained by the battery pack in the current charging state, I V is the maximum output current of the charging equipment minus the load current, and at the moment, the thermal management is not started, and the load current is only the load current related to the non-thermal management;
if the thermal management is started, calculating the current charging current I_cal=min (I mapi,IV), wherein the thermal management is started at the moment, and the load current is the sum of the non-thermal management related load current and the thermal management related load current;
s125, according to the current thermal management state, calculating a current temperature rise coefficient T R _cal, wherein the specific steps are as follows:
If the thermal management is not started, the current temperature rise coefficient T R _cal is:
;
Wherein I T is the heat balance current at the current temperature T_cal, I C is the charging current corresponding to 1C, and T RC is the temperature rise coefficient when 1C is charged at the current temperature T_cal;
If the thermal management is on, the current temperature rise coefficient T R _cal is:
;
Wherein T R_W is the temperature rise coefficient of the current thermal management system, if the thermal management is in a heating state, the temperature rise coefficient T R_W of the thermal management system is positive, if the thermal management is in a cooling state, the temperature rise coefficient T R_W of the thermal management system is negative;
s126, checking a charging Map table to obtain the SOC and the temperature of the next stage, and marking the SOC and the temperature as soc_next and T_next;
S127, calculating the time delta t_T= (T_next-T_cal)/T R _cal, which is the time from T_cal to T_next, under the current charging current I_cal, and calculating the time delta t_soc= (SOC_next-SOC_cal) x Cap/I_cal, which is the time from soc_cal to soc_next, under the current charging current I_cal, wherein Cap is the total capacity of the battery pack;
S128, judging the magnitude relation between delta t_soc and delta t_T, determining whether the current change of the next iteration is caused by SOC or temperature, and obtaining SOC and temperature before the change of the charging current, which are respectively recorded as SOC_ nextcal and T_ nextcal;
if Δt_soc > Δt_t, the current change is caused by temperature, the charging time of the charging current i_cal is made Δt_t, soc_ nextcal =soc_cal+i_cal×Δt_t/Cap, t_ nextcal =t_next is obtained, the value of the remaining charging time T1 is updated to t1+Δt_t, and the value of the counter Count is updated to count+1;
If Δt_soc < Δt_t, the current change is caused by SOC, the charging time of charging current i_cal is made Δt_soc, soc_ nextcal =soc_next, t_ nextcal =t_cal+t R _cal×Δt_soc is obtained, the value of charging remaining time T1 is updated to t1+Δt_soc, and the value of counter Count is updated to count+1;
If Δt_soc=Δt_t, let the charging duration of the charging current i_cal be Δt_soc, obtain soc_ nextcal =soc_next, t_ nextcal =t_next, update the value of the remaining charging time T1 to t1+Δt_soc, and update the value of the counter Count to count+1;
S129, judging whether SOC_ nextcal < SOC_target and Count <100 are met, if so, assigning SOC_next and T_ nextcal to SOC_cal and T_cal, returning to step S122, and carrying out next iterative computation, and if not, ending the first estimation of the charge remaining time to obtain a first estimation result t=min (T1, X), wherein X is the maximum value of the set charge remaining time;
s13, after the first estimation of the charging remaining time is finished, the charging remaining time display value displayed on the display screen is directly assigned to be the first estimation result;
And S14, continuing to estimate the charge remaining time next time, and updating the charge remaining time display value according to the follow-up strategy instead of directly assigning the charge remaining time display value to the subsequent estimation result.
2. The high-precision new energy automobile charging remaining time estimation method according to claim 1, wherein the charging current calculation mode of each stage is as follows:
Ii = min(Imapi,IV);
Wherein I represents the I-th stage, i=1, 2, & gt, n, I mapi is Map table current corresponding to the SOC and temperature of the I-th stage obtained by checking the charging Map table, I V is maximum charging current which can be obtained by the battery pack in the charging state of the I-th stage, and min (·) is a minimum function.
3. The high-precision new energy automobile charging remaining time estimation method according to claim 2, wherein the maximum charging current I V which can be obtained by the battery pack in the charging state of the current stage is the maximum output current minus the load current of the charging device;
The charging device is AC charging or DC charging;
The load current comprises a thermal management related load current and a non-thermal management related load current, wherein if thermal management is not started, the load current is only the non-thermal management related load current, and if thermal management is started, the load current is the sum of the non-thermal management related load current and the thermal management related load current.
4. The high-precision new energy automobile charging remaining time estimation method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature rise coefficient under the charging state of each stage is calculated in the following manner:
TRi = TRi_I + TRi_W;
Wherein I represents the I-th stage, i=1, 2,. -%, n; T Ri is the temperature rise coefficient of the charging state of the ith stage, namely the temperature T i and the charging current I i, T Ri_I is the temperature rise coefficient of the thermal management system after natural heat dissipation in the charging state of the ith stage, and T Ri_W is the temperature rise coefficient of the thermal management system in the charging state of the ith stage.
5. The method for estimating the charging residual time of a high-precision new energy automobile according to claim 4, wherein the temperature rise coefficient T Ri_I after natural heat dissipation in the charging state of the ith stage is calculated by the following steps:
Firstly, obtaining temperature rise coefficients of 1C current charging at different temperatures through experiments;
Then, according to Joule's law, and the temperature T i and the charging current I i in the ith stage, T Ri_I is calculated as:
;
Wherein I T is heat balance current at temperature T i, I C is charging current corresponding to 1C, and T RC is temperature rise coefficient of 1C current charging at temperature T i.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the thermal balance current I T at the temperature T i is a constant current for charging the battery pack at the temperature T i, and the thermal balance current at the temperature T i is defined as the current if the temperature of the battery pack does not change.
7. The method for estimating the charging remaining time of a high-precision new energy automobile according to claim 4, wherein if the thermal management is not started, the temperature rise coefficient T Ri_W =0 of the thermal management system, if the thermal management is in a heating state, the temperature rise coefficient T Ri_W of the thermal management system is positive, and if the thermal management is in a cooling state, the temperature rise coefficient T Ri_W of the thermal management system is negative;
the temperature rise coefficient T Ri_W of the thermal management system is obtained through calibration by a test, and the value of the temperature rise coefficient T Ri_W is the average temperature rise under the heating or cooling state.
8. The high-precision new energy automobile charging remaining time estimation method according to claim 1, wherein a following strategy of a charging remaining time display value is as follows:
1) When the charging state is not entered, the display value of the charging residual time is a default value of 0min, and after the charging is exited, the display value of the charging residual time immediately jumps to the default value of 0min;
2) Under normal working conditions, the charge remaining time display value is not allowed to rise and only allowed to fall, and the charge remaining time display value is reduced by 1 per minute and is not allowed to jump;
3) Accelerating the charge remaining time display value to elapse when the charge remaining time display value > the last estimated charge remaining time;
4) When the SOC is less than or equal to 90%, the maximum acceleration and deceleration rate of the charge remaining time display value is 1.5 times, and when the SOC is more than 90%, the maximum acceleration and deceleration rate of the charge remaining time display value is 3 times;
5) If the charging current is less than 1A, the charging residual time display value is kept unchanged under the non-heating or non-cooling working condition;
6) When the charging residual time quick correction flag bit exists, the charging residual time display value accelerates to follow the re-estimated charging residual time at a rate of 10 times;
7) And when the charging remaining time jump flag bit exists, the charging remaining time display value jumps to the re-estimated charging remaining time directly.
9. A computer program product comprising a computer program, characterized in that the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements a high-precision method for estimating the charging remaining time of a new energy vehicle according to any one of claims 1-8.
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