CN118699609B - A laser additive-welding device and method for dissimilar materials based on gradual transition - Google Patents
A laser additive-welding device and method for dissimilar materials based on gradual transition Download PDFInfo
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- CN118699609B CN118699609B CN202410921432.XA CN202410921432A CN118699609B CN 118699609 B CN118699609 B CN 118699609B CN 202410921432 A CN202410921432 A CN 202410921432A CN 118699609 B CN118699609 B CN 118699609B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/60—Preliminary treatment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于渐变过渡的异种材料激光增材‑焊接装置及方法，属于激光增材焊接技术领域。基于渐变过渡的异种材料激光增材‑焊接装置，工作台的上方设置有固定机构和增材焊接机构，增材焊接机构安装板上设置有多源激光焊接头，多源激光焊接头的两侧设置有若干个送粉管，送粉管内为包含两种异种材料合金元素的混合粉料，混合粉料中基材粉料的比例从靠近基材材料的一端向另一端呈梯度降低；安装板上设置有调整多源激光焊接头高度的高度调节结构。采用本发明所述的基于渐变过渡的异种材料激光增材‑焊接装置及方法，能够解决现有的异种金属材料连接效率较低、接头强度不足等问题，提高了异种薄壁金属的焊接质量。
The present invention discloses a dissimilar material laser additive-welding device and method based on gradual transition, belonging to the field of laser additive welding technology. The dissimilar material laser additive-welding device based on gradual transition is provided with a fixing mechanism and an additive welding mechanism above the workbench, a multi-source laser welding head is provided on the mounting plate of the additive welding mechanism, and a plurality of powder feeding tubes are provided on both sides of the multi-source laser welding head. The powder feeding tube contains a mixed powder containing two dissimilar material alloy elements, and the proportion of the base material powder in the mixed powder decreases gradually from one end close to the base material material to the other end; a height adjustment structure for adjusting the height of the multi-source laser welding head is provided on the mounting plate. The dissimilar material laser additive-welding device and method based on gradual transition described in the present invention can solve the existing problems of low connection efficiency and insufficient joint strength of dissimilar metal materials, and improve the welding quality of dissimilar thin-walled metals.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser additive welding, in particular to a dissimilar material laser additive-welding device and method based on gradual transition.
Background
The laser additive manufacturing technology, also called as laser 3D printing technology, is a laser manufacturing technology for finally realizing the formation of three-dimensional solid parts by performing slicing treatment on a three-dimensional solid model into two-dimensional plies and then dispersing the two-dimensional plies into one-dimensional lines under the assistance of a computer and performing point-by-point accumulation by adopting a laser cladding technology. Compared with the traditional manufacturing technology, the technology has the characteristics of flexibility, easy realization of intellectualization, short production period, high precision of produced parts, good mechanical property and the like, and has been widely applied to the fields of aviation, national defense, traffic, energy, metallurgy, mining and the like.
In the aerospace field, light alloys such as titanium alloys and aluminum alloys with large-size thin-wall structures are widely used, and connection of dissimilar metals is required to be completed. The dissimilar metal connection is generally finished by adopting a welding mode, but the traditional forming-machining-welding mode cannot meet the connection requirement of the thin-wall dissimilar metal. The laser welding-material adding technology combines the advantages of laser selective melting (SLM), laser Metal Deposition (LMD) and laser welding, can effectively improve the structure processing precision and designability, reduce stress concentration and fatigue weak areas, and provides a new solving way for weight and life reduction, low cost and rapid manufacturing of light alloy abnormal complex structures.
The prior patent CN201910198142.6 discloses a dissimilar metal material connection method combining laser additive and laser welding, which can convert dissimilar metal welding into the same metal welding through a transition metal plate with gradient change of additive elements, effectively solves the problem of difficult welding caused by larger melting point difference of the dissimilar metals, avoids the generation of brittle metal compound phases in the dissimilar metal welding process, reduces the welding times when using the transition metal welding in a mode of directly adding the high-melting point metal as a substrate, avoids introducing redundant residual stress, and effectively improves the service life of the dissimilar metal welding piece. The above patent first needs to print a first layer on the surface of the refractory metal substrate, then print a second layer by changing the powder ratio, and then sequentially do so until the connection of the dissimilar metal materials is completed. The connection of dissimilar metal materials is accomplished by the above-mentioned patent, which requires multiple passes of printing, and affects the connection efficiency of the dissimilar metal materials.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a dissimilar material laser material-increasing-welding device and method based on gradual transition, which solve the problem of low connection efficiency of the existing dissimilar metal materials.
The invention provides a dissimilar material laser material-increasing-welding device based on gradual transition, which comprises a workbench, wherein a fixing mechanism for fixing a workpiece is arranged above the workbench, an material-increasing welding mechanism is arranged above the workbench, the material-increasing welding mechanism is arranged between the two fixing mechanisms, the material-increasing welding mechanism is arranged on a mechanical arm, the material-increasing welding mechanism comprises a mounting plate, a multi-source laser welding head is arranged on the mounting plate, a plurality of powder feeding pipes are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the multi-source laser welding head, mixed powder containing alloy elements of two dissimilar materials is arranged in the powder feeding pipes, the proportion of base material powder in the mixed powder is reduced in a gradient manner from one end close to the other end of the base material, and a height adjusting structure for adjusting the height of the multi-source laser welding head is arranged on the mounting plate and is connected with the powder feeding pipes through an angle adjusting structure.
Preferably, the multi-source laser welding head comprises a semiconductor laser and a blue laser, wherein the wavelength of the semiconductor laser is larger than that of the blue laser, the wavelength of the semiconductor laser is 915nm, and the wavelength of the blue laser is 450nm.
Preferably, the mounting plate is rotatably provided with mounting seats at two ends, the mounting seats are provided with air supply pipes, the air supply pipes are connected with external inert gas bottles, the mounting seats are provided with turntables, and the turntables are provided with locking wires for locking the turntables and the mounting plate.
Preferably, the powder feeding pipe comprises a first powder feeding pipe, a second powder feeding pipe, a third powder feeding pipe and a fourth powder feeding pipe which are sequentially arranged, the top ends of the first powder feeding pipe, the second powder feeding pipe, the third powder feeding pipe and the fourth powder feeding pipe are hinged to the mounting plate, the first powder feeding pipe, the second powder feeding pipe, the third powder feeding pipe and the fourth powder feeding pipe form a first powder paving point, a second powder paving point, a third powder paving point and a fourth powder paving point on the horizontal plane of the upper surface of the workpiece respectively, the first powder paving point, the second powder paving point, the third powder paving point and the fourth powder paving point are located in semiconductor laser spots formed on the upper surface of the workpiece by the semiconductor laser, the semiconductor laser spots cover the upper surface of the workpiece, the blue laser forms blue laser spots on the upper surface of the workpiece, the blue laser spots cover the first powder paving point and the fourth powder paving point, and the second powder paving point and the third powder paving point are located in the blue laser spots, and the distance between the first powder paving point, the second powder paving point, the third powder paving point and the fourth powder paving point is not larger than 0 mm.
Preferably, the height adjusting structure comprises a lifting plate, the multi-source laser welding head is fixedly arranged on the lifting plate, a first screw rod is rotationally arranged on the mounting plate, a threaded hole which enables the first screw rod to penetrate through and be matched with the first screw rod is formed in the lifting plate, a motor or a knob which drives the first screw rod to rotate is arranged at the top end of the first screw rod, a sliding rail which has a guiding effect on lifting of the lifting plate is arranged on the mounting plate, a sliding groove matched with the sliding rail is arranged on the lifting plate, and the sliding rail is located in the sliding groove and is in sliding connection with the sliding groove.
Preferably, the angle adjusting structure comprises connecting rods, wherein the connecting rods are arranged on two sides of the lifting plate, one ends of the two connecting rods are respectively hinged with two ends of the lifting plate, the other end of one connecting rod is hinged with the second powder feeding pipe, the other end of the other connecting rod is hinged with the third powder feeding pipe, an arc-shaped first limiting groove with guiding function on rotation of the second powder feeding pipe and the third powder feeding pipe is arranged on the mounting plate, the second powder feeding pipe and the first powder feeding pipe, the third powder feeding pipe and the fourth powder feeding pipe are connected through connecting structures, and an arc-shaped second limiting groove with guiding function on rotation of the first powder feeding pipe and the fourth powder feeding pipe is arranged on the mounting plate.
Preferably, the connection structure includes sleeve and connecting plate, the one end rotation of connecting plate is provided with first gag lever post, first gag lever post is located the second spacing inslot, first gag lever post is connected with first powder feed pipe or fourth powder feed pipe, telescopic one end rotation is provided with the second gag lever post, the second gag lever post is located the first spacing inslot, second gag lever post is connected with second powder feed pipe or third powder feed pipe, the one end of connecting plate is inserted and is established in the sleeve and with sleeve sliding connection, telescopic below rotation is provided with drive gear, be provided with the trompil that makes drive gear insert in the sleeve on the telescopic lateral wall, drive gear is provided with the rack meshing with the connecting plate bottom, drive gear's below is provided with the drive rack, the below of drive rack is provided with first fixed plate, first fixed plate is fixed to be provided with vertical bracing piece on the drive rack, be provided with the through-hole that makes the bracing piece pass on the first fixed plate, bracing piece and first fixed plate sliding connection, be provided with first spring between drive rack and the first fixed plate, drive rack is provided with the drive rack under the effect of first spring and drive gear meshing all the time.
Preferably, the workbench comprises a supporting plate, the workpieces are placed on the supporting plate, an avoidance groove is formed in the supporting plate, the connecting ends of the two workpieces are located right above the avoidance groove, positioning structures for positioning the two workpieces are respectively arranged at two sides of the avoidance groove, each positioning structure comprises a second fixing plate and a movable plate which are oppositely arranged, the second fixing plates are fixedly arranged on the supporting plate, one end, far away from the second fixing plates, of each movable plate is provided with a horizontal guide rod, guide holes for the guide rods to penetrate are formed in the side edges of the supporting plate, the guide rods are connected with the supporting plate in a sliding mode, a second spring is arranged between each movable plate and the side edge, and a guide groove with a guiding effect on horizontal sliding of each movable plate is formed in the supporting plate.
Preferably, the fixing mechanism comprises a top plate, the top plate is positioned above the supporting plate and is fixedly connected with the supporting plate, a pressing plate is arranged below the top plate, a vertical sliding rod is arranged on the pressing plate, a sliding hole for the sliding rod to pass through is formed in the top plate, the top plate is in sliding connection with the sliding rod, the pressing plate is positioned between the second fixing plate and the movable plate, a transmission rod is arranged between the top plate and the pressing plate, two ends of the transmission rod are respectively hinged with a first connecting rod, the other end of the first connecting rod is hinged with a second connecting rod and a third connecting rod, the other end of the second connecting rod is hinged with the top plate, the other end of the third connecting rod is hinged with the pressing plate, a second screw rod for driving the transmission rod to move up and down is arranged on the top plate, the bottom end of the second screw rod is in rotating connection with the transmission rod, and the top plate is in threaded connection with the top plate, and a handle for driving the second screw rod to rotate.
The laser additive-welding method based on the dissimilar material laser additive-welding device based on gradual transition comprises the following steps of:
s1, placing workpieces to be welded on a supporting plate, adjusting the distance between the workpieces to be welded, and propping the workpieces between a movable plate and a second fixed plate by a movable plate under the action of a second spring;
S2, rotating a second screw rod, wherein the second screw rod drives a transmission rod to move downwards, and the transmission rod drives a pressing plate to move downwards through a first connecting rod, a second connecting rod and a third connecting rod, so that the pressing plate is pressed on the upper surface of a workpiece to fix the workpiece;
S3, the mechanical arm drives the mounting plate to move to the joint of the workpiece to be welded, and the position of the multi-source laser welding head is adjusted so that the multi-source laser welding head is positioned right above the joint of the workpiece to be welded;
S4, rotating a first screw rod, wherein the first screw rod drives a lifting plate to move up and down, the lifting plate drives a multi-source laser welding head to move up and down synchronously, the lifting plate drives a second powder feeding pipe and a third powder feeding pipe to rotate through a connecting rod, the angles of the second powder feeding pipe and the third powder feeding pipe are adjusted, the second powder feeding pipe and the third powder feeding pipe drive a sleeve to move through a second limiting rod, the sleeve drives a connecting plate to move synchronously through a transmission gear and a rack, the transmission gear rotates under the action of the transmission rack in the moving process of the transmission gear, the transmission gear drives the connecting plate to slide in the sleeve through the rack, so that the angles of the first powder feeding pipe and the fourth powder feeding pipe are adjusted, the distance between adjacent powder laying points is not more than 0.05mm, a blue laser spot covers the first powder laying point and the fourth powder laying point, and a semiconductor laser spot covers the upper surface of a workpiece;
s5, starting the semiconductor laser and the blue light laser, starting the powder feeder, and driving the multi-source laser welding head and the powder feeder to move along the joint of the workpieces to be welded by the mechanical arm through the mounting plate so as to weld the workpieces to be welded.
The heterogeneous material laser material-increasing-welding device and method based on gradual transition have the advantages and positive effects that:
1. According to the invention, the powder feeding pipes are provided, the components of the mixed powder in the powder feeding pipes are distributed in a stepped manner according to the components of the base material, so that stepped transition connection between dissimilar metals is realized, and the welding quality of the dissimilar metals is improved. And the powder feeding pipes synchronously feed powder, so that the welding among dissimilar metals is realized in one pass, and the welding efficiency is improved.
2. The invention adopts the multi-source laser welding head to heat the powder and the workpiece through the semiconductor laser, improves the metallurgical bonding effect between the welding seam and the workpiece, and is beneficial to improving the welding efficiency by intensively heating the powder through the blue laser to promote the melting of the powder.
3. The multi-source laser welding head can be adjusted in height through the first screw rod, so that welding requirements of different reserved distances are met. The powder feeding pipe carries out angle adjustment through the connecting rod, and the second powder feeding pipe is adjusted with the first powder feeding pipe through transmission gear and rack between the third powder feeding pipe and the fourth powder feeding pipe, so that synchronous angle adjustment among the first powder feeding pipe, the second powder feeding pipe, the third powder feeding pipe and the fourth powder feeding pipe is realized, and then the distance between powder laying points is adjusted, so that welding seams can be fully filled with powder, and the welding seams can be fully melted and combined, and the quality of the welding seams is improved.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail through the drawings and the embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of an additive welding mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a back side structure of an additive welding mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of A in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a workbench according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a fixing mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a multi-source laser welding head according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a laser spot structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals
1. The laser welding device comprises an additive welding mechanism, 11, a mounting plate, 12, a multi-source laser welding head, 13, a first powder feeding pipe, 14, a second powder feeding pipe, 15, a third powder feeding pipe, 16, a fourth powder feeding pipe, 17, a lifting plate, 18, a sliding rail, 19, a first screw rod, 110, a connecting rod, 111, a connecting seat, 112, a first limit groove, 113, a mounting seat, 114, an air feeding pipe, 115, a turntable, 116, a locking wire, 117, a first limit rod, 118, a connecting plate, 119, a second limit rod, 120, a sleeve, 121, a transmission gear, 122, a transmission rack, 123, a first fixing plate, 124, a supporting rod, 125, a first spring, 126, a semiconductor laser, 127, a blue laser, 128, a semiconductor laser spot, 129, a blue laser spot, 130, a first powder spreading point, 131, a second powder spreading point, 132, a third powder spreading point, 133 and a fourth powder spreading point;
2. The device comprises a workbench, 21, a supporting plate, 22, an avoidance groove, 23, a second fixed plate, 24, a movable plate, 25, a guide groove, 26, a guide rod, 27 and a second spring;
3. 31, a top plate, 32, a pressing plate, 33, a second screw rod, 34, a transmission rod, 35, a first connecting rod, 36, a second connecting rod, 37, a third connecting rod, 38 and a slide rod;
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below through the attached drawings and the embodiments.
Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein should be given the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terms "first," "second," and the like, as used herein, do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather are used to distinguish one element from another. The word "comprising" or "comprises", and the like, means that elements or items preceding the word are included in the element or item listed thereafter and equivalents thereof without precluding other elements or items. The terms "connected" or "connected," and the like, are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. are used merely to indicate relative positional relationships, which may also be changed when the absolute position of the object to be described is changed.
As shown in fig. 1. The utility model provides a heterogeneous material laser vibration material disk of transition based on gradual change, includes workstation 2, and workstation 2 is used for placing the work piece. The fixing mechanism 3 for fixing the workpiece is arranged above the workbench 2, the workpiece is fixed on the workbench 2 through the fixing mechanism 3, the workpiece is prevented from shifting in the welding process, and the welding quality of the workpiece is improved. An additive welding mechanism is arranged above the workbench 2, and the additive welding mechanism 1 is positioned between the two fixing mechanisms 3. The additive welding mechanism 1 is used for welding two workpieces. The material-increasing welding mechanism 1 is arranged on a mechanical arm, the mechanical arm adopts the existing structure, and the mechanical arm drives the material-increasing welding mechanism 1 to move, so that the position of the material-increasing welding mechanism 1 is adjusted and welding is completed.
As shown in fig. 2. The additive welding mechanism 1 comprises a mounting plate 11, and a multi-source laser welding head 12 is arranged on the mounting plate 11. The mounting plate 11 is provided with a height adjusting structure for adjusting the height of the multi-source laser welding head 12. The height adjusting structure comprises a lifting plate 17, wherein the lifting plate 17 is positioned on one side of the mounting plate 11, and the multi-source laser welding head 12 is fixedly arranged on the lifting plate 17. The mounting plate 11 is rotatably provided with a first screw rod 19 through a bearing, and the lifting plate 17 is provided with a threaded hole which enables the first screw rod 19 to pass through and be matched with the first screw rod 19. The top end of the first screw rod 19 is provided with a motor or a knob for driving the first screw rod 19 to rotate. The mounting plate 11 is fixedly provided with a sliding rail 18 with a guiding function on lifting of the lifting plate 17, the lifting plate 17 is fixedly provided with a sliding groove matched with the sliding rail 18, and the sliding rail 18 is positioned in the sliding groove and is in sliding connection with the sliding groove. The motor or the knob drives the first screw rod 19 to rotate, the first screw rod 19 is in threaded engagement with the lifting plate 17 to drive the lifting plate 17 to lift, so that the multi-source laser welding head 12 is driven to move up and down, and the size of the light spot on the upper surface of the workpiece is adjusted to meet the welding requirements of different reserved gaps.
A plurality of powder feeding pipes are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the multi-source laser welding head 12, and mixed powder comprising two different material base material powder materials is arranged in the powder feeding pipes. The proportion of the base material powder in the mixed powder is reduced in a gradient way from one end close to the base material to the other end, namely, progressive powder feeding of the stepped change of the components of the mixed powder is realized, and gradual transition of the components between two dissimilar materials is realized, so that the problem of lower welding quality caused by larger component difference or larger melting point difference is solved.
The powder feeding pipe in this embodiment includes a first powder feeding pipe 13, a second powder feeding pipe 14, a third powder feeding pipe 15 and a fourth powder feeding pipe 16 which are sequentially arranged, and connecting seats 111 are fixedly arranged at the top ends of the first powder feeding pipe 13, the second powder feeding pipe 14, the third powder feeding pipe 15 and the fourth powder feeding pipe 16 and are hinged with the mounting plate 11. The first powder feeding pipe 13, the second powder feeding pipe 14, the third powder feeding pipe 15 and the fourth powder feeding pipe 16 are internally provided with round hole powder feeding channels, and the powder feeding channels are connected with a powder feeding machine through the powder feeding pipes. The powder feeder adopts the existing structure according to the need. The lifting plate 17 is connected with the second powder feeding pipe 14 and the third powder feeding pipe 15 through an angle adjusting structure. The angle adjusting structure includes a connection rod 110, and the connection rod 110 is disposed at both sides of the elevation plate 17. One end of each of the two connecting rods 110 is hinged to two ends of the lifting plate 17, the other end of one connecting rod 110 is hinged to the second powder feeding pipe 14, and the other end of the other connecting rod 110 is hinged to the third powder feeding pipe 15. The lifting plate 17 drives the second powder feeding pipe 14 and the third powder feeding pipe 15 to rotate through the connecting rod 110, and the angle between the second powder feeding pipe 14 and the third powder feeding pipe 15 is adjusted. The mounting plate 11 is provided with an arc-shaped first limit groove 112 with guiding function on the rotation of the second powder feeding pipe 14 and the third powder feeding pipe 15, and the circle center of the first limit groove 112 coincides with the hinging points of the second powder feeding pipe 14, the third powder feeding pipe 15 and the mounting plate 11. The mounting plate 11 is provided with an arc-shaped second limit groove with guiding function on the rotation of the first powder feeding pipe 13 and the fourth powder feeding pipe 16.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4. The second powder feeding pipe 14 is connected with the first powder feeding pipe 13, and the third powder feeding pipe 15 is connected with the fourth powder feeding pipe 16 through a connecting structure. The connecting structure comprises a sleeve 120 and a connecting plate 118, a first limiting rod 117 is rotatably arranged at one end of the connecting plate 118, the first limiting rod 117 is located in a second limiting groove, and the first limiting rod 117 slides in the second limiting groove. The first limiting rod 117 is fixedly connected with the first powder feeding pipe 13 or the fourth powder feeding pipe 16. One end of the sleeve 120 is rotatably provided with a second limiting rod 119, the second limiting rod 119 is located in the first limiting groove 112, and the second limiting rod 119 slides in the first limiting groove 112. The second stopper 119 is connected to the second powder feeding pipe 14 or the third powder feeding pipe 15. One end of the connecting plate 118 is inserted into the sleeve 120 and is in sliding connection with the sleeve 120, and only horizontal sliding occurs between the sleeve 120 and the connecting plate 118.
A transmission gear 121 is provided below the sleeve 120, the transmission gear 121 is rotatably provided on a plate fixed to the sleeve 120 through a bearing. The sleeve 120 drives the transmission gear 121 to move synchronously through the plate. The side wall of the sleeve 120 is provided with an opening for inserting the transmission gear 121 into the sleeve 120, and the transmission gear 121 is fixedly provided with a rack for meshing with the bottom of the connecting plate 118. A transmission rack 122 is arranged below the transmission gear 121, a first fixing plate 123 is arranged below the transmission rack 122, and the first fixing plate 123 is fixedly arranged on the mounting plate 11. The transmission rack 122 is fixedly provided with a vertical supporting rod 124, the first fixing plate 123 is provided with a through hole for the supporting rod 124 to pass through, and the supporting rod 124 is in sliding connection with the first fixing plate 123. A first spring 125 is arranged between the transmission rack 122 and the first fixing plate 123, two ends of the first spring 125 are respectively fixed on the transmission rack 122 and the first fixing plate 123, the first spring 125 is sleeved outside the supporting rod 124, and the transmission rack 122 is always meshed with the transmission gear 121 under the action of the first spring 125.
The second powder feeding pipe 14 and the third powder feeding pipe 15 drive the first powder feeding pipe 13 and the fourth powder feeding pipe 16 to synchronously rotate through the sleeve 120 and the connecting plate 118 respectively, meanwhile, the transmission gear 121 rotates under the action of the transmission rack 122, the transmission gear 121 rotates and drives the connecting plate 118 to slide through the rack, further angle adjustment is carried out on the first powder feeding pipe 13 and the fourth powder feeding pipe 16, so that the angle adjustment of the first powder feeding pipe 13 and the fourth powder feeding pipe 16 is larger than that of the second powder feeding pipe 14 and the third powder feeding pipe 15, and the distance between the powder outlet ends of the first powder feeding pipe 13, the second powder feeding pipe 14, the third powder feeding pipe 15 and the fourth powder feeding pipe 16 is ensured.
A housing may be provided on the outside of the mounting plate 11 to enclose the powder feed tube and the multi-source laser welding head 12.
As shown in fig. 7 and 8. The multi-source laser welding head 12 includes a semiconductor laser 126 and a blue laser 127, the wavelength of the semiconductor laser 126 being greater than the wavelength of the blue laser 127. The wavelength of the semiconductor laser 126 in this embodiment is 915nm, and the wavelength of the blue laser 127 is 450nm. The semiconductor laser spot 128 is coaxial with the blue laser spot 129. The first powder feeding pipe 13, the second powder feeding pipe 14, the third powder feeding pipe 15 and the fourth powder feeding pipe 16 respectively form a first powder spreading point 130, a second powder spreading point 131, a third powder spreading point 132 and a fourth powder spreading point 133 on the horizontal plane where the upper surface of the workpiece is located, and the first powder spreading point 130, the second powder spreading point 131, the third powder spreading point 132 and the fourth powder spreading point 133 are located in a semiconductor laser spot 128 formed on the upper surface of the workpiece by the semiconductor laser 126, and the semiconductor laser spot 128 covers the upper surface of the workpiece. The semiconductor laser melts the powder and heats the end to be welded of the workpiece, so that the powder and the workpiece can be sufficiently fused together, and the welding quality is improved. The blue laser 127 forms a blue laser spot 129 on the upper surface of the workpiece, the blue laser spot 129 covers the first powder spreading point 130 and the fourth powder spreading point 133, and the second powder spreading point 131 and the third powder spreading point 132 are positioned in the blue laser spot 129. The blue laser intensively heats the powder, so that the powder is melted rapidly and sufficiently, and the welding efficiency is improved. The distance between the adjacent powder paving points of the first powder paving point 130, the second powder paving point 131, the third powder paving point 132 and the fourth powder paving point 133 is not more than 0.05mm, so that the effective filling of powder in the welding seam is ensured, and the welding quality is improved.
Mounting seats 113 are rotatably arranged at two ends of the mounting plate 11 through bearings, through holes are formed in the mounting seats 113, and air supply pipes 114 are inserted into the through holes. The mounting seat 113 is provided with a jackscrew for locking the air supply pipe 114. The plenum 114 is connected to an external inert gas bottle for providing inert shielding gas. The mounting seat 113 is fixedly provided with a rotary table 115, and the rotary table 115 is provided with a locking wire 116 for locking the rotary table 115 with the mounting plate 11.
As shown in fig. 5. The table 2 includes a support plate 21, and a workpiece is placed on the support plate 21. The support plate 21 is provided with an avoidance groove 22, and the connecting ends of the two workpieces are positioned right above the avoidance groove 22. Positioning structures for positioning the two workpieces are respectively arranged on two sides of the avoidance groove 22. The positioning structure comprises a second fixed plate 23 and a movable plate 24 which are oppositely arranged, and the second fixed plate 23 is fixedly arranged on the supporting plate 21. The movable plate 24 is fixedly provided with a horizontal guide rod 26 at one end far away from the second fixed plate 23, a guide hole for the guide rod 26 to pass through is arranged on the side edge of the supporting plate 21, and the guide rod 26 is in sliding connection with the supporting plate 21. A second spring 27 is arranged between the movable plate 24 and the side edge, two ends of the second spring 27 are fixedly connected with the movable plate 24 and the side edge respectively, and the second spring 27 is sleeved on the guide rod 26. The support plate 21 is provided with a guide groove 25 having a guiding function for horizontal sliding of the movable plate 24. Inclined surfaces are arranged at the top ends of the opposite side surfaces of the movable plate 24 and the second fixed plate 23, so that workpieces can be conveniently placed between the second fixed plate 23 and the movable plate 24. The movable plate 24 pushes the workpiece between the movable plate 24 and the second fixed plate 23 under the action of the second spring 27.
As shown in fig. 6. The fixing mechanism 3 includes a top plate 31, and the top plate 31 is located above the support plate 21 and fixedly connected to the support plate 21. A pressing plate 32 is arranged below the top plate 31, the pressing plate 32 is positioned between the second fixed plate 23 and the movable plate 24, and the pressing plate 32 presses the upper surface of the workpiece to press the workpiece. The pressing plate 32 is fixedly provided with a vertical sliding rod 38, the top plate 31 is provided with a sliding hole for the sliding rod 38 to pass through, and the top plate 31 is in sliding connection with the sliding rod 38. A transmission rod 34 is arranged between the top plate 31 and the pressing plate 32, two ends of the transmission rod 34 are respectively hinged with a first connecting rod 35, the other end of the first connecting rod 35 is hinged with a second connecting rod 36 and a third connecting rod 37, the other end of the second connecting rod 36 is hinged with the top plate 31, and the other end of the third connecting rod 37 is hinged with the pressing plate 32. The top plate 31 is provided with a second screw rod 33 which drives the transmission rod 34 to move up and down, the bottom end of the second screw rod 33 is rotationally connected with the transmission rod 34, and the second screw rod 33 is in threaded connection with the top plate 31. The top end of the second screw rod 33 is provided with a handle for driving the second screw rod 33 to rotate. The second screw rod 33 is rotated, the second screw rod 33 rotates and moves up and down, the second screw rod 33 drives the transmission rod 34 to lift, and the transmission rod 34 drives the pressing plate 32 to lift through the first connecting rod 35, the second connecting rod 36 and the third connecting rod 37, so that the workpiece is pressed on the supporting plate 21, and the workpiece is fixed.
The laser material adding-welding method of the dissimilar material laser material adding-welding device based on gradual transition comprises the following steps:
S1, placing the workpieces to be welded on the supporting plate 21, adjusting the distance between the workpieces to be welded, namely reserving a gap, and propping the workpieces between the movable plate 24 and the second fixed plate 23 by the movable plate 24 under the action of the second spring 27.
S2, rotating the second screw rod 33, wherein the second screw rod 33 drives the transmission rod 34 to move downwards, the transmission rod 34 drives the pressing plate 32 to move downwards through the first connecting rod 35, the second connecting rod 36 and the third connecting rod 37, and the pressing plate 32 is tightly pressed on the upper surface of the workpiece to fix the workpiece.
S3, the mechanical arm drives the mounting plate 11 to move to the joint of the workpieces to be welded, and the position of the multi-source laser welding head 12 is adjusted so that the multi-source laser welding head 12 is positioned right above the joint of the workpieces to be welded.
S4, rotating a first screw rod 19, wherein the first screw rod 19 drives a lifting plate 17 to move up and down, the lifting plate 17 drives a multi-source laser welding head 12 to move up and down synchronously, the lifting plate 17 drives a second powder feeding pipe 14 and a third powder feeding pipe 15 to rotate through a connecting rod 110, the angles of the second powder feeding pipe 14 and the third powder feeding pipe 15 are adjusted, the second powder feeding pipe 14 and the third powder feeding pipe 15 drive a sleeve 120 to move through a second limiting rod 119, the sleeve 120 drives a connecting plate 118 to move synchronously through a transmission gear 121 and a rack, the transmission gear 121 rotates under the action of the transmission rack 122 in the moving process, the transmission gear 121 drives the connecting plate 118 to slide in the sleeve 120 through the rack, so that the angles of the first powder feeding pipe 13 and the fourth powder feeding pipe 16 are adjusted, the distance between adjacent powder laying points is not more than 0.05mm, a blue laser spot 129 covers a first powder laying point 130 and a fourth powder laying point 133, and a semiconductor laser spot 128 covers the upper surface of a workpiece.
S5, starting the semiconductor laser 126 and the blue laser 127, starting the powder feeder, and driving the multi-source laser welding head 12 and the powder feeder pipe to move along the joint of the workpieces to be welded by the mechanical arm through the mounting plate 11 so as to weld the workpieces to be welded.
Example 1
In the embodiment, taking an example of SLM printing AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy component and an SLM printing TC4 titanium alloy component, the aluminum alloy side is close to the first powder feeding pipe 13, the titanium alloy is close to the fourth powder feeding pipe 16, and the mass percentage compositions of mixed powder in the first powder feeding pipe 13, the second powder feeding pipe 14, the third powder feeding pipe 15 and the fourth powder feeding pipe 16 are respectively 80 percent Al+20 percent Ti, 60 percent Al+40 percent Ti, 40 percent Al+60 percent Ti and 20 percent Al+80 percent Ti. The thickness of the workpiece is 2mm, the reserved gap of the workpiece is 1.5mm, the semiconductor laser power adopted in the welding process is 2500W, the blue laser power is 500W, the welding speed is 800mm/s, the powder feeding speed is 500g/min, and the defocusing amount is 0. After the welding is finished, the formation of intermetallic compounds in the welding line area can be effectively reduced, and the toughness of the welding joint is improved.
Example 2
Taking an example of an SLM printing AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy component (fine grains) and an LMD printing AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy component (coarse grains), the SLM printing aluminum alloy component is close to the first powder feeding pipe 13, the LMD printing alloy component is close to the fourth powder feeding pipe 16, and the mass percentages of mixed powder in the first powder feeding pipe 13, the second powder feeding pipe 14, the third powder feeding pipe 15 and the fourth powder feeding pipe 16 are respectively 94.5 percent of Al+5 percent of Mg+0.5 percent of TiC, 94 percent of Al+5 percent of Mg+1 percent of TiC, 93.5 percent of Al+5 percent of Mg+1.5 percent of TiC and 93 percent of Al+5 percent of Mg+2 percent of TiC. The reserved gap of the workpiece is 1mm, the thickness of the workpiece is 2mm, the semiconductor laser power is 2000W, the blue laser power is 500W, the welding speed is 700mm/s, the powder feeding speed is 400g/min, and the defocusing amount is 0. After the welding is finished, the structure non-uniformity of the welding joint can be effectively reduced, the phenomenon of stress concentration of the welding joint is obviously improved, and the toughness of the welding joint is improved.
Therefore, by adopting the dissimilar material laser material-increasing-welding device and method based on gradual transition, the problem of low connection efficiency of the existing dissimilar metal materials can be solved, and the welding quality of dissimilar thin-wall metals is improved.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solution of the present invention may be modified or substituted by the same, and the modified or substituted technical solution may not deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (7)
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| CN109822094A (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2019-05-31 | 江苏海宇机械有限公司 | A kind of Al-Ti diverse metal alloy welding method |
| CN112719582A (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-04-30 | 上海航天设备制造总厂有限公司 | Laser welding device with preheating function and preheating welding method |
| CN113290257A (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2021-08-24 | 南京中科煜宸激光技术有限公司 | System and method for synchronously and regionally feeding powder to laser cladding dissimilar materials with same light spot |
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| CN111036906B (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2022-07-08 | 鑫精合激光科技发展（北京）有限公司 | Method for laser additive manufacturing component and laser additive manufacturing system |
| CN113275754A (en) * | 2020-02-18 | 2021-08-20 | 空客(北京)工程技术中心有限公司 | Additive manufacturing system and additive manufacturing method |
| CN111468723B (en) * | 2020-04-09 | 2022-09-27 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of metal matrix composite material composite additive manufacturing device and manufacturing method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109822094A (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2019-05-31 | 江苏海宇机械有限公司 | A kind of Al-Ti diverse metal alloy welding method |
| CN112719582A (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-04-30 | 上海航天设备制造总厂有限公司 | Laser welding device with preheating function and preheating welding method |
| CN113290257A (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2021-08-24 | 南京中科煜宸激光技术有限公司 | System and method for synchronously and regionally feeding powder to laser cladding dissimilar materials with same light spot |
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