CN118596004A - Electrochemical-shear rheological composite polishing device and method assisted by airflow and vibration - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an airflow and vibration-assisted electrochemical-shear rheological compound polishing device, which comprises a workbench, a portal frame and a polishing component, wherein the workbench is arranged on the workbench; the workbench and the portal frame form a frame; the polishing assembly is arranged on the frame and comprises a workpiece clamping driving assembly and a polishing groove; two side arms of the portal frame are respectively provided with a sliding rail, and the two sliding rails are respectively in sliding fit with two ends of the sliding table; the workbench is provided with a vibrating device; a group of spray heads are arranged on the polishing groove; the workpiece clamping driving assembly is provided with an anode wire, and the polishing groove is provided with a cathode wire. The airflow and vibration-assisted electrochemical-shear rheological compound polishing device has a specific structure, and can effectively prevent the problem of blockage at the blade root when polishing the titanium alloy blisk, so that the titanium alloy blisk can be polished efficiently and uniformly. Correspondingly, the invention also provides an electrochemical-shear rheological compound polishing method assisted by airflow and vibration.

Description

Electrochemical-shear rheological composite polishing device and method assisted by airflow and vibration

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of polishing processing, and in particular to an electrochemical-shear rheological composite polishing device and method assisted by airflow and vibration.

Background Art

The integral blisk is a new type of structural component designed to meet the needs of high-performance aircraft engines. It integrates the engine rotor blades and the wheel disc, eliminating the tenons, mortise and tenon grooves and locking devices in traditional connections, reducing structural weight and the number of parts, avoiding tenon airflow losses, improving aerodynamic efficiency, and greatly simplifying the engine structure. It has now been widely used in military and civil aircraft engines in various countries.

The blisk has been in service for a long time under the complex working conditions of high temperature, high pressure and high speed. Its surface quality has a great influence on the service performance and life of the aircraft engine. Therefore, during the processing, it is necessary to use polishing technology to improve the surface quality of the blisk, control surface defects and scratches, and reduce surface roughness, so as to ensure that the blisk works more stably.

At present, the surface finishing technologies of integral blade disks include manual polishing, CNC polishing (CNC polishing wheel polishing, CNC belt polishing, robot-assisted polishing), abrasive flow polishing, magnetic grinding, barrel polishing, electrolytic processing, etc. For titanium alloy integral blade disks, manual polishing is currently mostly used. The final surface quality mainly depends on the experience and skills of the workers, and the polishing rate is low, the labor intensity is high, and the processing quality is unstable. At the same time, there is a common problem that the uniformity of special positions such as the blade root and the blade edge is difficult to ensure.

The principle of shear rheological polishing technology is that when there is relative movement between the polishing liquid and the workpiece, the polishing liquid and the surface area of the workpiece produce shear thickening phenomenon due to the action of shear stress, forming a "flexible fixed mold" that fits the surface, thereby achieving efficient material removal on complex surfaces.

Electrochemical composite shear thickening polishing has the ability to fit complex structures well, and can achieve polishing of complex structures, and the polishing efficiency is higher than that of single shear thickening polishing. For example, Chinese patent CN201410436510.3 discloses an ultra-precision machining method based on the composite effect of non-Newtonian fluid shear thickening and electrolysis. By adding electrolyte components to the polishing liquid, after the workpiece is anodized to generate an oxide layer, the workpiece is removed by the shear rheological polishing liquid in contact with the workpiece due to the shear thickening effect, thereby improving the polishing efficiency and surface quality.

In the above-mentioned prior art, it is difficult to achieve efficient polishing of titanium alloy integral blades by simply relying on shear rheology to remove materials by mechanical action; and although shear thickening and electrolytic composite polishing can generate a lower hardness oxide layer on the surface of the workpiece and improve the polishing efficiency, for titanium alloy integral blades with complex shapes, when the polishing liquid flows into the narrow area between the two blades, due to the obstruction of the blades, especially the narrow area at the root of the blade, the flow of the polishing liquid will be inhibited, resulting in a decrease in the intensity of the shear thickening effect. At the same time, it is easy to get clogged at the root of the blade to produce some thickened agglomerates, which will lead to the inability to effectively polish the root area, and thus the blade disc cannot be polished efficiently and uniformly.

Summary of the invention

In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present application provides an electrochemical-shear rheological composite polishing device assisted by airflow and vibration. The electrochemical-shear rheological composite polishing device assisted by airflow and vibration of the present application has a specific structure, which can effectively prevent the problem of blockage at the blade root when polishing the titanium alloy integral blade disk, so that the titanium alloy integral blade disk can be polished efficiently and evenly. Correspondingly, the present application also provides an electrochemical-shear rheological composite polishing method assisted by airflow and vibration.

For the polishing device, the technical solution of this application is:

The invention discloses an electrochemical-shear rheological composite polishing device assisted by airflow and vibration, comprising a workbench, a gantry and a polishing assembly; the workbench and the gantry form a frame; the polishing assembly is arranged on the frame, and comprises a workpiece clamping drive assembly and a polishing groove; the polishing groove is used to place polishing liquid; the workpiece clamping drive assembly is used to clamp and drive the workpiece to rotate, so that the workpiece applies shear force to the polishing liquid in the polishing groove; each of the two side arms of the gantry is provided with a slide rail, and the two slide rails are respectively slidably matched with the two ends of the slide; the workpiece clamping drive assembly is arranged on the lower side of the slide; the workbench is provided with a vibration device for driving the slide to perform reciprocating linear motion along the slide rail; a group of nozzles are provided at the bottom of the polishing groove, and the nozzles can be connected to an external air outlet device to spray airflow; the workpiece clamping drive assembly is provided with an anode wire, and the polishing groove is provided with a cathode wire, which forms a circuit during polishing, so that the surface of the workpiece generates an oxide layer that is easier to be removed than the base material under the electrochemical action.

Compared with the prior art, the airflow and vibration-assisted electrochemical-shear rheological composite polishing device of the present application is provided with a workpiece clamping drive assembly, which is used to drive the workpiece to rotate and contact the polishing liquid in the polishing tank, thereby inducing the shear rheological effect of the polishing liquid, forming a shear thickening effect, and forming a flexible "fixed abrasive tool" that fits the blade surface of the workpiece to polish the workpiece; an anode wire is provided on the workpiece clamping drive assembly, and a cathode wire is provided on the polishing tank, and a circuit is formed during polishing, so that the surface of the workpiece generates an oxide layer that is easier to remove than the base material under the action of electrochemistry, thereby improving the polishing efficiency; and a nozzle capable of ejecting airflow is provided at the bottom of the polishing tank, and the ejected airflow is ejected. The bubbles can stir the polishing liquid in the polishing tank, prevent the abrasive particles in the polishing liquid from settling, and make the polishing liquid more uniform. At the same time, the ejected bubbles burst when they come into contact with the surface of the workpiece. The energy released by the burst will impact the polishing liquid in the narrow space at the root of the workpiece blade, preventing it from being blocked and forming thickened lumps, thereby improving the polishing effect of the root of the workpiece blade. In addition, a vibration device is provided on the frame, which can make the workpiece do reciprocating linear motion in the polishing liquid, further preventing the occurrence of polishing liquid blockage in the root area of the workpiece blade, and at the same time enhancing the shear rheological effect of the polishing liquid, improving the material removal ability and removal uniformity of the polishing liquid, thereby further improving the polishing effect.

As an optimization, in the aforementioned electrochemical-shear rheological composite polishing device assisted by airflow and vibration, the polishing assembly also includes a polishing tank driving device, which can drive the polishing tank to rotate. With this structure, a polishing tank driving device is provided to drive the polishing tank to rotate, and the polishing tank and the workpiece are controlled to rotate toward each other, thereby increasing the shear rheological effect of the polishing liquid and improving the polishing effect.

As an optimization, in the aforementioned electrochemical-shear rheological composite polishing device assisted by airflow and vibration, the polishing tank driving device includes a main shaft, a large pulley, a synchronous belt, a small pulley and a polishing tank driving motor; the main shaft is connected to the polishing tank, the large pulley is arranged on the main shaft, the small pulley is arranged on the transmission shaft of the polishing tank driving motor, the large pulley and the small pulley are connected by synchronous belt transmission, and the polishing tank driving motor is arranged inside the workbench. With this specific structure, the belt drive can effectively mitigate impact and vibration, reduce the noise and vibration of the equipment during operation, and improve the stability and service life of the equipment; and the structure is simple, installation and maintenance are relatively easy, and the cost is low, and it is easy to promote.

As an optimization, in the aforementioned electrochemical-shear rheological composite polishing device assisted by airflow and vibration, the workpiece clamping drive assembly includes a connecting bracket, and a reduction motor, a conductive slip ring and a workpiece fixing shaft arranged on the connecting bracket; the connecting bracket is connected to the slide; the reduction motor is drivingly connected to the workpiece fixing shaft, and the workpiece fixing shaft is used to fix the workpiece; the conductive slip ring is sleeved on the workpiece fixing shaft, and the anode wire is electrically connected to the workpiece fixing shaft through the conductive slip ring. This structure ensures that the workpiece can rotate while providing a stable support effect, and the setting of the conductive slip ring can ensure that the circuit can work stably and reliably.

As an optimization, in the aforementioned electrochemical-shear rheological composite polishing device assisted by airflow and vibration, the bottom of the polishing tank is provided with an A channel for arranging wires and air pipes, the main shaft is hollow, and a gas-electric rotary slip ring is provided inside it, and the cathode wire and the air pipe connected to the nozzle are led out through the gas-electric rotary slip ring; the interior of the connecting bracket is provided with a B channel for arranging wires, and the anode wire is led out from the B channel. With this structure, the anode wire, cathode wire and air pipe are routed inside the device, which not only protects the wires and air pipes, but also has aesthetics, which is conducive to promotion.

As an optimization, in the aforementioned electrochemical-shear rheological composite polishing device assisted by airflow and vibration, there are multiple sets of workpiece clamping drive assemblies, which are evenly distributed above the polishing groove along the circumferential direction. With this structure, multiple sets of workpiece clamping drive assemblies are set up, which can polish multiple workpieces at a time, effectively improving the efficiency of batch processing.

As an optimization, in the aforementioned airflow and vibration-assisted electrochemical-shear rheological composite polishing device, a lifting ring is provided on the slide; a pneumatic rod is provided on the crossbeam of the gantry, and a hook capable of hooking the lifting ring is hinged at the telescopic end of the pneumatic rod. With this structure, the pneumatic rod can lift the slide to a higher position with the cooperation of the hook and the lifting ring, which is convenient for the staff to replace and install the workpiece.

As an optimization, in the aforementioned electrochemical-shear rheological composite polishing device assisted by airflow and vibration, the vibration device is a cylinder. The cylinder is used to realize the reciprocating vibration mode of the slide table. The cylinder is easy to control and has low cost. It can also share an air source with the pneumatic rod, which is conducive to implementation.

For the polishing method, the technical solution of this application is:

The method of electrochemical-shear rheological composite polishing assisted by airflow and vibration uses the aforementioned electrochemical-shear rheological composite polishing device assisted by airflow and vibration of the present application to polish the integral blade disk, comprising the following steps:

①: Install the blisk to be processed on the workpiece clamping drive assembly; and pour the polishing liquid into the polishing tank;

② Start the workpiece clamping drive assembly to drive the integral blade disc to rotate; the surface of the integral blade disc and the polishing liquid move relative to each other, and the peaks on the surface of the integral blade disc exert a shearing effect on the polishing liquid, which triggers the shear rheological effect of the polishing liquid, forms particle clusters in the polishing liquid, enhances the holding force on the abrasive particles, and forms a flexible "fixed abrasive tool" that fits the blade shape around the integral blade disc;

③: The anode wire and the cathode wire are energized to form a loop; due to the current tip effect, the charge is mainly concentrated in the peak area of the blisk surface, forming an easily removable oxide layer on the blisk surface;

④: Open the air outlet device to make the nozzle spray air; the air flow enters the polishing liquid, and the generated bubbles stir the polishing liquid to prevent the sedimentation of abrasive particles in the polishing liquid, making the polishing liquid more uniform. At the same time, the bubbles burst when they come into contact with the surface of the integral blade disk. The energy released by the bursting will impact the polishing liquid in the narrow space at the root of the blade of the integral blade disk, preventing it from being blocked and forming thickened lumps;

⑤: Start the vibration device to make the slide do reciprocating linear motion, so that the blisk vibrates up and down in the polishing liquid;

⑥: Stop processing after reaching the processing time set by the process.

Compared with the prior art, the airflow and vibration assisted electrochemical-shear rheological composite polishing method of the present application uses the airflow and vibration assisted electrochemical-shear rheological composite polishing device of the present application to polish the integral blade disc according to specific steps, which can effectively prevent the blockage problem at the blade root of the integral blade disc, so that the integral blade disc can be polished efficiently and evenly with good polishing effect.

As an optimization, in the aforementioned airflow and vibration assisted electrochemical-shear rheological composite polishing method, the polishing liquid is a non-Newtonian fluid, in which deionized water accounts for 40wt.% to 50wt.%, abrasives account for 1wt.% to 10wt.%, shear rheological dispersed phase accounts for 45wt.% to 55wt.%, and electrolyte accounts for 1wt.% to 5wt.%; the abrasives are a mixture of one or more of diamond, alumina, and silica sol, and the electrolyte is a mixture of one or more of sodium nitrate, sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, and ethylene glycol sodium salt.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG1 is a full cross-sectional view of the electrochemical-shear rheological composite polishing device assisted by airflow and vibration of the present application;

FIG2 is a partial structural schematic diagram of the electrochemical-shear rheological composite polishing device assisted by airflow and vibration of the present application;

FIG3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a partial structure of the electrochemical-shear rheological composite polishing device assisted by airflow and vibration of the present application;

FIG4 is a partial structural schematic diagram of the electrochemical-shear rheological composite polishing device assisted by airflow and vibration of the present application;

FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the polishing principle of the electrochemical-shear rheological composite polishing device assisted by airflow and vibration of the present application.

The markings in the accompanying drawings are: 1-workbench; 2-gantry; 3-polishing assembly, 301-workpiece clamping drive assembly, 3011-connecting bracket, 3012-reduction motor, 3013-conductive slip ring, 3014-workpiece fixing shaft, 302-polishing groove, 3021-nozzle, 3022-A channel, 303-polishing groove drive device, 3031-spindle, 3032-large pulley, 3033-synchronous belt, 3034-small pulley, 3035-polishing groove drive motor, 3036-gas-electric rotating slip ring; 4-polishing liquid, 401-particle cluster; 5-workpiece, 501-base material, 502-oxide layer; 6-slide rail; 7-slide table, 701-hanging ring; 8-vibration device; 9-anode wire; 10-cathode wire; 11-pneumatic rod; 12-hook; 13-bubble.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present application is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but they are not intended to limit the present application. The contents not described in detail below are all technical common sense. In the following embodiments, the workpiece 5 processed is a titanium alloy integral blade disk.

Embodiment (referring to Figure 1 to Figure 5):

The electrochemical-shear rheological composite polishing device assisted by airflow and vibration comprises a workbench 1, a gantry 2 and a polishing assembly 3; the workbench 1 and the gantry 2 form a frame; the polishing assembly 3 is arranged on the frame, and comprises a workpiece clamping drive assembly 301 and a polishing tank 302; the polishing tank 302 is used to place the polishing liquid 4; the workpiece clamping drive assembly 301 is used to clamp and drive the workpiece 5 to rotate, so that the workpiece 5 applies a shear force to the polishing liquid 4 in the polishing tank 302; each of the two side arms of the gantry 2 is provided with a slide rail 6, and the two slide rails 6 are respectively connected to the two end slides of the slide table 7 dynamic fit; the workpiece clamping drive assembly 301 is arranged on the lower side of the slide 7; the workbench 1 is provided with a vibration device 8, which is used to drive the slide 7 to make reciprocating linear motion along the slide rail 6; a group of nozzles 3021 are provided at the bottom of the polishing groove 302, and the nozzles 3021 can be connected to an external air outlet device to spray air flow; the workpiece clamping drive assembly 301 is provided with an anode wire 9, and the polishing groove 302 is provided with a cathode wire 10, which forms a circuit during polishing, so that the surface of the workpiece 5 generates an oxide layer 502 that is easier to remove than the base material 501 under the action of electrochemical reaction.

In this embodiment, the polishing assembly 3 further includes a polishing tank driving device 303, and the polishing tank driving device 303 can drive the polishing tank 302 to rotate. The polishing tank driving device 303 is configured to drive the polishing tank 302 to rotate, and control the polishing tank 302 and the workpiece 5 to rotate toward each other, thereby increasing the shear rheological effect of the polishing liquid 4 and improving the polishing effect.

In this embodiment, the polishing tank driving device 303 includes a main shaft 3031, a large pulley 3032, a synchronous belt 3033, a small pulley 3034 and a polishing tank driving motor 3035; the main shaft 3031 is connected to the polishing tank 302, the large pulley 3032 is arranged on the main shaft 3031, the small pulley 3034 is arranged on the transmission shaft of the polishing tank driving motor 3035, the large pulley 3032 and the small pulley 3034 are connected by the synchronous belt 3033, and the polishing tank driving motor 3035 is arranged inside the workbench 1. With this specific structure, the belt drive can effectively mitigate impact and vibration, reduce noise and vibration of the equipment during operation, and improve the stability and service life of the equipment; and the structure is simple, installation and maintenance are relatively easy, the cost is low, and it is easy to promote.

In this embodiment, the workpiece clamping drive assembly 301 includes a connecting bracket 3011, and a reduction motor 3012, a conductive slip ring 3013 and a workpiece fixing shaft 3014 arranged on the connecting bracket 3011; the connecting bracket 3011 is connected to the slide 7; the reduction motor 3012 is in transmission connection with the workpiece fixing shaft 3014, and the workpiece fixing shaft 3014 is used to fix the workpiece 5; the conductive slip ring 3013 is sleeved on the workpiece fixing shaft 3014, and the anode wire 9 is electrically connected to the workpiece fixing shaft 3014 through the conductive slip ring 3013. With this specific structure, the conductive slip ring 3013 is arranged, which not only ensures that the workpiece 5 can rotate, but also provides a stable support effect; and the arrangement of the conductive slip ring 2013 can ensure that the circuit can work stably and reliably.

In this embodiment, the bottom of the polishing tank 302 is provided with an A channel 3022 for arranging wires and air pipes, the main shaft 3031 is hollow, and a gas-electric rotating slip ring 3036 is provided inside it, and the cathode wire 10 and the air pipe connected to the nozzle 3021 are led out through the gas-electric rotating slip ring 3036; the connection bracket 3011 is provided with a B channel for arranging wires, and the anode wire 9 is led out from the B channel. With this structure, the anode wire 9, the cathode wire 10 and the air pipe can be routed inside the device, which not only protects the wires and the air pipe, but also has aesthetics, which is conducive to promotion.

In this embodiment, there are four sets of workpiece clamping drive assemblies 301, which are evenly distributed circumferentially above the polishing groove 302. With this structure, four sets of workpiece clamping drive assemblies 301 are provided, so that four workpieces 5 can be polished at one time, effectively improving the efficiency of batch processing.

In this embodiment, the slide 7 is provided with a lifting ring 701; the crossbeam of the gantry 2 is provided with a pneumatic rod 11, and the telescopic end of the pneumatic rod 11 is hinged with a hook 12 that can hook the lifting ring 701. With this structure, the pneumatic rod 11 can lift the slide 7 to a higher position under the cooperation of the hook 12 and the lifting ring 701, which is convenient for the staff to replace and install the workpiece 5.

In this embodiment, the vibration device 8 is a cylinder. The cylinder is used to realize the reciprocating vibration of the slide 7. The cylinder is easy to control, the cost of the pneumatic system is low, and the air source can be shared with the pneumatic rod 11, which is convenient for implementation.

In this embodiment, the specific steps of polishing the blisk using the electrochemical-shear rheological composite polishing device assisted by airflow and vibration are as follows:

①: Install the blisk to be processed on the workpiece fixing shaft 3014 of the workpiece clamping drive assembly 301; pour the polishing liquid 4 into the polishing tank 302; start the polishing tank driving motor 3035 of the polishing tank driving device 303 to drive the polishing tank 302 to rotate;

② Start the reduction motor 3012 of the workpiece clamping drive assembly 301 to drive the integral blade disk to rotate; the surface of the integral blade disk and the polishing liquid 4 move relative to each other, and the peaks on the surface of the integral blade disk exert a shearing effect on the polishing liquid 4, which triggers the shear rheological effect of the polishing liquid 4, so that particle clusters 401 are formed in the polishing liquid 4, thereby enhancing the holding force on the abrasive particles and forming a flexible "fixed abrasive tool" that fits the blade shape around the integral blade disk;

③: The anode wire 9 and the cathode wire 10 are energized to form a loop; due to the current tip effect, the charge is mainly concentrated in the peak area on the surface of the integral blade disk, and an oxide layer 502 is formed on the surface of the integral blade disk, which is easier to remove than the base material 501;

④: Open the air outlet device so that the nozzle 3021 sprays airflow; the airflow enters the polishing liquid 4, and the generated bubbles 13 stir the polishing liquid 4 to prevent the sedimentation of abrasive particles in the polishing liquid 4, making the polishing liquid 4 more uniform. At the same time, the bubbles 13 burst when they come into contact with the surface of the integral blade disk, and the energy released by the bursting will impact the polishing liquid 4 in the narrow space at the root of the blade of the integral blade disk to prevent it from being blocked and forming thickened lumps;

⑤: Start the vibration device 8 to make the slide 7 do reciprocating linear motion, thereby making the blisk vibrate up and down in the polishing liquid 4;

⑥: Stop processing after reaching the processing time set by the process.

In this embodiment, the polishing liquid 4 is a non-Newtonian fluid, in which deionized water accounts for 45wt.%, abrasive accounts for 5wt.%, shear rheological dispersed phase accounts for 48wt.%, and electrolyte accounts for 2wt.%; the abrasive is 80nm silica sol, and the electrolyte is sodium nitrate.

In this embodiment, a polishing experiment was carried out on a φ100mm titanium alloy integral blade disk (before processing, the surface roughness of the titanium alloy integral blade disk was Ra500±50nm, and there were a large number of fine cutting lines on the surface without obvious mirror effect). Four blades were polished at a time, and the processing time was 40 minutes. It was divided into two stages, the first stage was processed for 10 minutes, and the second stage was processed for 30 minutes. The processing parameters are shown in Table 1 below.

Table 1

Workpiece φ100mm titanium alloy blisk Polishing liquid Shear rheology electrolytic polishing fluid Polishing groove speed 80r/min Workpiece speed 10r/min Processing time 40min Voltage 30V Duty Cycle 3/5 amplitude 5mm Vibration frequency 2Hz Gas flow 10m3/h

Experiments show that after 10 minutes of polishing, the surface roughness of the titanium alloy integral blade disk rapidly drops to Ra300±20nm, the blade root surface is significantly improved, and the cutting lines are greatly reduced, with only some relatively shallow cutting lines; after another 30 minutes of polishing, the surface roughness of the titanium alloy integral blade disk reaches Ra50±10nm, and the cutting lines on the blade root surface are almost non-existent, and the titanium alloy integral blade disk presents a good mirror effect as a whole.

It should be pointed out that the airflow and vibration-assisted electrochemical-shear rheological composite polishing device and method of the present application are developed to meet the polishing needs of titanium alloy integral blades, but are not only suitable for polishing titanium alloy integral blades, but can also be used for polishing other parts with complex curved shapes (the workpiece fixing shaft 3014 needs to be designed according to the structure of the processing object so that it can stably clamp the workpiece).

The above general description of the invention involved in this application and the description of its specific implementation methods should not be understood as limiting the technical solutions of the invention. Based on the disclosure of this application, those skilled in the art can, without violating the constituent elements of the invention involved, add, reduce or combine the disclosed technical features in the above general description or/and the specific implementation methods (including examples) to form other technical solutions within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims (10)

1. An electrochemical-shear rheological composite polishing device assisted by airflow and vibration, characterized in that: it comprises a workbench (1), a gantry (2) and a polishing assembly (3); the workbench (1) and the gantry (2) form a frame; the polishing assembly (3) is arranged on the frame, and comprises a workpiece clamping drive assembly (301) and a polishing tank (302); the polishing tank (302) is used to place a polishing liquid (4); the workpiece clamping drive assembly (301) is used to clamp and drive a workpiece (5) to rotate, so that the workpiece (5) applies a shear force to the polishing liquid (4) in the polishing tank (302); each of the two side arms of the gantry (2) is provided with a slide rail (6), and the two slide rails (6) are respectively connected to the slide table (7) are slidably matched at both ends; the workpiece clamping drive assembly (301) is arranged on the lower side of the slide (7); the workbench (1) is provided with a vibration device (8) for driving the slide (7) to make reciprocating linear motion along the slide rail (6); a group of nozzles (3021) are provided at the bottom of the polishing groove (302), and the nozzles (3021) can be connected to an external air outlet device to spray air; the workpiece clamping drive assembly (301) is provided with an anode wire (9), and the polishing groove (302) is provided with a cathode wire (10), which form a circuit during polishing, so that the surface of the workpiece (5) generates an oxide layer (502) that is easier to remove than the base material (501) under the action of electrochemistry. 2. According to the airflow and vibration assisted electrochemical-shear rheological composite polishing device of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the polishing component (3) also includes a polishing groove driving device (303), and the polishing groove driving device (303) can drive the polishing groove (302) to rotate. 3. The airflow and vibration assisted electrochemical-shear rheological composite polishing device according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the polishing groove driving device (303) includes a main shaft (3031), a large pulley (3032), a synchronous belt (3033), a small pulley (3034) and a polishing groove driving motor (3035); the main shaft (3031) is connected to the polishing groove (302), the large pulley (3032) is arranged on the main shaft (3031), the small pulley (3034) is arranged on the transmission shaft of the polishing groove driving motor (3035), the large pulley (3032) and the small pulley (3034) are connected by a synchronous belt (3033), and the polishing groove driving motor (3035) is arranged inside the workbench (1). 4. The airflow and vibration-assisted electrochemical-shear rheological composite polishing device according to claim 1, 2 or 3 is characterized in that: the workpiece clamping drive assembly (301) includes a connecting bracket (3011), and a reduction motor (3012), a conductive slip ring (3013) and a workpiece fixing shaft (3014) arranged on the connecting bracket (3011); the connecting bracket (3011) is connected to the slide table (7); the reduction motor (3012) is transmission-connected to the workpiece fixing shaft (3014), and the workpiece fixing shaft (3014) is used to fix the workpiece (5); the conductive slip ring (3013) is sleeved on the workpiece fixing shaft (3014), and the anode wire (9) is electrically connected to the workpiece fixing shaft (3014) through the conductive slip ring (3013). 5. According to the airflow and vibration assisted electrochemical-shear rheological composite polishing device of claim 4, it is characterized in that: the bottom of the polishing groove (302) is provided with an A channel (3022) for arranging wires and air pipes, the main shaft (3031) is hollow, and an air-electric rotating slip ring (3036) is provided inside it, and the cathode wire (10) and the air pipe connected to the nozzle (3021) are led out through the air-electric rotating slip ring (3036); the interior of the connecting bracket (3011) is provided with a B channel for arranging wires, and the anode wire (9) is led out from the B channel. 6. The airflow and vibration-assisted electrochemical-shear rheological composite polishing device according to claim 5 is characterized in that: there are multiple sets of workpiece clamping drive components (301), which are evenly distributed above the polishing groove (302) along the circumferential direction. 7. According to the airflow and vibration assisted electrochemical-shear rheological composite polishing device of claim 6, it is characterized in that: a lifting ring (701) is provided on the slide (7); a pneumatic rod (11) is provided on the crossbeam of the gantry (2), and the telescopic end of the pneumatic rod (11) is hinged with a hook (12) capable of hooking the lifting ring (701); the pneumatic rod (11) can lift the slide (7) under the cooperation of the hook (12) and the lifting ring (701). 8. The electrochemical-shear rheological composite polishing device assisted by airflow and vibration according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the vibration device (8) is a cylinder. 9. An electrochemical-shear rheological composite polishing method assisted by airflow and vibration, characterized in that: the method uses the electrochemical-shear rheological composite polishing device assisted by airflow and vibration according to claim 1 to polish the integral blade disk, specifically comprising the following steps: ①: Mount the blisk to be processed on the workpiece clamping drive assembly (301); and pour the polishing liquid (4) into the polishing tank (302); ② Start the workpiece clamping drive assembly (301) to drive the integral blade disk to rotate; the surface of the integral blade disk and the polishing liquid (4) move relative to each other, and the peaks on the surface of the integral blade disk exert a shearing effect on the polishing liquid (4), triggering a shear rheological effect of the polishing liquid (4), so that particle clusters (401) are formed in the polishing liquid (4), thereby enhancing the holding force on the abrasive particles and forming a flexible "fixed abrasive tool" that fits the blade shape around the integral blade disk; ③: The anode wire (9) and the cathode wire (10) are energized to form a loop; due to the current tip effect, the charge is mainly concentrated in the peak area of the surface of the integral blade disk, and an easily removable oxide layer (502) is formed on the surface of the integral blade disk; ④: Open the air outlet device so that the nozzle (3021) sprays air; the air flow enters the polishing liquid (4), and the generated bubbles (13) stir the polishing liquid (4), preventing the abrasive particles in the polishing liquid (4) from settling, making the polishing liquid (4) more uniform; at the same time, the bubbles (13) burst when contacting the surface of the integral blade disk, and the energy released by the bursting will impact the polishing liquid (4) in the narrow space at the root of the blade of the integral blade disk, preventing the polishing liquid (4) from being blocked and forming thickened lumps; ⑤: Start the vibration device (8) to make the slide table (7) perform reciprocating linear motion, thereby making the integral blade disk vibrate up and down in the polishing liquid (4); ⑥: When the processing time set by the process is reached, stop processing. 10. The airflow and vibration assisted electrochemical-shear rheological composite polishing method according to claim 9 is characterized in that: the polishing liquid (4) is a non-Newtonian fluid, wherein deionized water accounts for 40wt.% to 50wt.%, abrasive accounts for 1wt.% to 10wt.%, shear rheological dispersed phase accounts for 45wt.% to 55wt.%, and electrolyte accounts for 1wt.% to 5wt.%; the abrasive is a mixture of one or more of diamond, alumina, and silica sol, and the electrolyte is a mixture of one or more of sodium nitrate, sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, and ethylene glycol sodium salt.