CN118593451B - 一种包含l-精氨酸的抗肿瘤药物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种包含l-精氨酸的抗肿瘤药物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN118593451B CN118593451B CN202411083324.6A CN202411083324A CN118593451B CN 118593451 B CN118593451 B CN 118593451B CN 202411083324 A CN202411083324 A CN 202411083324A CN 118593451 B CN118593451 B CN 118593451B
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- polyethylene glycol
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- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明属于生物药物制剂领域,具体涉及一种包含L‑精氨酸的抗肿瘤药物及其制备方法,所述包含L‑精氨酸的抗肿瘤药物由改性聚乳酸‑羟基乙酸共聚物、L‑精氨酸、IL‑2、羧甲基纤维素、聚乙二醇和叶酸组成。本发明利用功能化酯键改性聚乳酸‑羟基乙酸共聚物实现在肿瘤部位的快速释放,通过双乳化法包裹L‑精氨酸形成多室结构的微粒,平滑L‑精氨酸的血药浓度曲线,减少潜在不良反应,同时保护药物免受体内酶的降解,提高药物的生物利用度;然后,在纳米颗粒表面修饰一层聚乙二醇链,增加亲水性和生物相容性;最后,在聚乙二醇链末端偶联叶酸,减少潜在不良反应。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物药物制剂领域,具体涉及一种包含L-精氨酸的抗肿瘤药物及其制备方法。
背景技术
肿瘤疾病,以其多变的生物学特征和复杂的分子机制,构成了全球范围内最严峻的健康挑战之一。据统计,每年新发癌症病例超过数百万,癌症相关死亡率居高不下,成为世界公共卫生体系的巨大负担。虽然化疗、放疗、手术切除和免疫治疗等传统疗法在过去几十年里挽救了无数生命,但它们的局限性日益凸显,主要包括:化疗药物通常不具备肿瘤细胞特异性,它们在杀死癌细胞的同时,也会损害正常细胞,导致恶心、脱发、免疫抑制等显著的副作用;随着治疗的进行,肿瘤细胞逐渐发展出抵抗药物的能力,使得原本有效的药物失去作用,治疗效果大打折扣;靶向药物和免疫疗法虽能取得较好疗效,但其成本昂贵,对患者及家庭造成巨大的经济压力。L-精氨酸不仅是蛋白质合成的重要组成部分,也是免疫细胞产生一氧化氮(NO)的关键底物。一氧化氮作为一种信号分子,在调节血管张力、神经传导和免疫功能方面发挥着核心作用。对于肿瘤治疗而言,L-精氨酸的作用主要体现在以下几个方面:L-精氨酸参与激活天然杀伤细胞(NK细胞)和细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL),增强其识别和摧毁肿瘤细胞的能力;L-精氨酸能够促进肿瘤微环境中的一氧化氮生成,从而抑制血管生成,减少肿瘤的营养供应,达到抑制肿瘤生长的效果;肿瘤微环境中常存在L-精氨酸消耗酶,如精氨酸酶I和II,它们可耗竭L-精氨酸,削弱免疫细胞的功能。补充外源性L-精氨酸有助于逆转这一抑制状态,恢复免疫细胞活性。L-精氨酸在多种肿瘤模型中展现出显著的抗肿瘤活性。例如,它能够增强免疫检查点抑制剂的疗效,克服肿瘤免疫逃避,实现协同抗癌效果。此外,L-精氨酸与化疗药物联用,不仅可以增强化疗效果,还能减少化疗药物的用量,减轻其副作用。因此,基于上述问题,研发一种有效增强免疫力,减少潜在不良反应的包含L-精氨酸的抗肿瘤药物是极其有必要的。
发明内容
针对现有技术的缺陷,本发明的目的在于提供一种包含L-精氨酸的抗肿瘤药物及其制备方法,本发明利用功能化酯键改性聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物实现在肿瘤部位的快速释放,通过双乳化法包裹L-精氨酸形成多室结构的微粒,平滑L-精氨酸的血药浓度曲线,减少潜在不良反应,同时保护药物免受体内酶的降解,提高药物的生物利用度;然后,在纳米颗粒表面修饰一层聚乙二醇链,增加亲水性和生物相容性;最后,在聚乙二醇链末端偶联叶酸,减少潜在不良反应。
本发明所述的技术效果通过如下技术方案来实现的:一种包含L-精氨酸的抗肿瘤药物,由改性聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物、L-精氨酸、IL-2、羧甲基纤维素、聚乙二醇和叶酸组成。
优选地,所述改性聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物的具体制备步骤如下:
(1):将聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物在50℃下真空干燥至恒重,获得预处理聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物;将预处理聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物加入到无水四氢呋喃中,搅拌混合均匀后,加入辛酸亚锡,搅拌混合均匀,缓慢加入琥珀酸酐,以300~500rpm搅拌15~30min后,获得混合溶液;
(2):将步骤(1)中制备的混合溶液水浴加热至40~60℃,以300~500rpm搅拌反应12~24h,反应完成后,以温度40℃,压强0.05~0.1MPa旋转蒸发浓缩4h,离心,0.45μm滤膜过滤,无水乙醇洗涤三次,50℃真空干燥至恒重,获得改性聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物。
优选地,步骤(1)中所述的聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物是乳酸和羟基乙酸以75:25的比例通过脱水缩合反应制备获得;预处理聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物、无水四氢呋喃、辛酸亚锡和琥珀酸酐的用量之比为1g:5~10mL:0.03g:0.5~1g。
优选地,本发明的另一方面在于提供一种包含L-精氨酸的抗肿瘤药物的制备方法,具体制备步骤如下:
S1:将L-精氨酸和IL-2加入到乙酸乙酯中,搅拌溶解均匀,获得活性溶液;将改性聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物和卵磷脂加入到活性溶液中,30~60W超声处理分散均匀,获得油相溶液;
S2:将泊洛沙姆加入到去离子水中,搅拌溶解均匀,再加入羧甲基纤维素,搅拌溶解均匀,获得浓度5wt%的水相溶液;将步骤S1中制备的油相溶液缓慢滴加到水相溶液中,以10000~15000rpm的转速搅拌2~5min后,以转速15000rpm搅拌至溶液均匀无油滴,获得初次乳化溶液;
S3:将聚乙二醇和活化剂溶解到去离子水中,水浴加热至30~50℃,搅拌溶解均匀,获得活化聚乙二醇溶液;将步骤S2中制备的初次乳化溶液缓慢加入到活化聚乙二醇溶液中,60~120W超声处理10~60s后,100W超声处理至溶液均匀无油滴,获得稳定乳化溶液;
S4:将步骤S3中制备的稳定乳化溶液利用pH7.4的PBS缓冲液调节pH至7.4,静置0.5~2h,8000~10000rpm离心10~30min,过滤,pH7.4的PBS缓冲液洗涤,重复上述离心、过滤、洗涤操作3~5次,加入0.5wt%的蔗糖,在-40~-80℃,0.01mbar真空干燥至恒重,获得纳米颗粒;
S5:将步骤S4中制备的纳米颗粒分散在pH6的醋酸钠缓冲液中,搅拌分散均匀,获得纳米颗粒溶液;将叶酸溶解在二甲基亚砜,加入活化剂,室温下搅拌20~30min,获得活化溶液;
S6:将步骤S5中制备的活化溶液缓慢加入到步骤S5中制备的纳米颗粒溶液中,调节pH至6.5~7.5,室温下搅拌12h,10000rpm离心5min,过滤,pH7.4的PBS缓冲液洗涤三次,-50℃真空冷冻干燥至恒重,获得抗肿瘤药物。
优选地,步骤S1中所述L-精氨酸、IL-2和乙酸乙酯的用量之比为5g:5~10mg:30mL;改性聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物、卵磷脂和L-精氨酸的用量之比为2g:0.5~1g:1g。
优选地,步骤S2中所述泊洛沙姆和羧甲基纤维素的质量用量之比为4:1;所述水相的用量是油相体积的10~15倍。
优选地,步骤S3中所述聚乙二醇和去离子水的用量之比为3~5g:100mL;所述活化剂用量为聚乙二醇质量的2%;所述活化聚乙二醇溶液的用量是步骤S2中油相体积的10~15倍。
优选地,步骤S4中所述蔗糖用量为步骤S1中L-精氨酸质量的0.5%。
优选地,步骤S5中所述纳米颗粒和醋酸溶液的用量之比为50~100mg:100mL;所述叶酸、二甲基亚砜和活化剂的用量之比为10mg:2mL:1.2mg。
优选地,步骤S6中所述活化溶液和纳米颗粒溶液的体积用量之比为1:5~10。
优选地,步骤S3和步骤S6中所述活化剂均为1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺以1:1.2的摩尔质量比例制备获得。
本发明的有益效果如下:
本发明利用功能化酯键改性聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(PLGA)和聚乙二醇(PEG)作为基本材料,聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物提供生物降解性和稳定性,而聚乙二醇增加水溶性和生物相容性,减少免疫原性。改性后的聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物具有pH敏感性,使得药物在肿瘤部位的酸性环境中能够快速降解,特异性释放药物,减少L-精氨酸和其他免疫刺激因子在非靶向组织中的分布,从而降低对正常组织的潜在副作用。通过双乳化法包裹L-精氨酸和IL-2活性因子,形成多室结构的纳米颗粒,确保药物有效递送到靶点,并实现两种成分的协同递送,增强抗肿瘤免疫反应。羧甲基纤维素可以在油-水界面形成一层保护膜,降低油水两相间的表面张力,帮助形成乳化体系。在双乳化法的第一步,即油包水(W/O)乳化中,羧甲基纤维素可以稳定内部水相,防止水滴合并;在第二步乳化时,当外部水相被引入时,羧甲基纤维素有助于形成稳定的水包油包水(W/O/W)乳液,通过在油滴周围形成一个物理屏障,防止油滴在水相中聚集和凝聚,保持乳液的稳定性。多室结构的微粒提供持续的药物释放,平滑血药浓度曲线,避免血药浓度的峰值和谷值,提高药物的生物利用度,同时保护L-精氨酸免受体内酶的降解,确保药物的完整性和活性。然后,在纳米颗粒表面修饰一层聚乙二醇链,增加亲水性和循环时间,避免快速被网状内皮系统清除,延长药物在体内的循环时间,提高生物利用度。在聚乙二醇链末端偶联叶酸,实现药物的主动靶向递送,叶酸与肿瘤细胞表面的叶酸受体结合,确保药物在肿瘤部位的高浓度和在非肿瘤组织的低浓度,减少潜在毒性;功能化酯键改性聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物与双乳化法形成的多室结构微粒结合,进一步增强了pH敏感性,实现药物的精确控制和释放;聚乙二醇修饰与叶酸偶联的结合不仅提高了药物的靶向性和治疗效果,同时减少了不良反应。聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物的生物降解性与聚乙二醇的亲水性、pH敏感性与靶向配体的结合,形成了一个高度协同的药物递送系统,提高了药物的靶向性和生物利用度,同时显著减少了潜在的不良反应。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明实施例1~4和对比例2~3制备的抗肿瘤药物的生物相容性测试图;
图2是本发明实施例2和对比例1制备的抗肿瘤药物的流式细胞术检测图,左图为实施例2,右图为对照组对比例1;
图3是本发明实施例3和对比例1制备的抗肿瘤药物的流式细胞术检测图,左图为实施例3,右图为对照组对比例1;
图4是本发明实施例3和对比例2、3制备的抗肿瘤药物的稳定性测试图;
图5是本发明实施例2和对比例1制备的抗肿瘤药物的细胞代谢检测图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明的实施例,对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例;基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。需要说明的是,无特殊说明外,本发明中涉及到的原料均通过常规商业渠道购买。
实施例1:一种包含L-精氨酸的抗肿瘤药物,由改性聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物、L-精氨酸、IL-2、羧甲基纤维素、聚乙二醇和叶酸组成。
1.改性聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物的制备:
(1):将聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物在50℃下真空干燥至恒重,获得预处理聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物;将10g预处理聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物加入到50mL无水四氢呋喃中,搅拌混合均匀后,加入0.3g辛酸亚锡,搅拌混合均匀,缓慢加入5g琥珀酸酐,以300rpm搅拌30min后,获得混合溶液;
(2):将步骤(1)中制备的混合溶液水浴加热至40℃,以300rpm搅拌反应24h,反应完成后,以温度40℃,压强0.1MPa旋转蒸发浓缩4h,离心,0.45μm滤膜过滤,无水乙醇洗涤三次,50℃真空干燥至恒重,获得改性聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物;
2.抗肿瘤药物的制备:
S1:将10g的L-精氨酸和10mg的IL-2加入到60mL乙酸乙酯中,搅拌溶解均匀,获得活性溶液;将20g改性聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物和5g卵磷脂加入到活性溶液中,30W超声处理分散均匀,获得油相溶液;
S2:将8g泊洛沙姆加入到200mL去离子水中,搅拌溶解均匀,再加入2g羧甲基纤维素,搅拌溶解均匀,获得浓度5wt%的水相溶液;将步骤S1中制备的10mL油相溶液缓慢滴加到100mL水相溶液中,以10000rpm的转速搅拌5min后,以转速15000rpm搅拌至溶液均匀无油滴,获得初次乳化溶液;
S3:将3g聚乙二醇与0.06g的1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺以1:1.2的摩尔质量比例制备的活化剂溶解到100mL去离子水中,水浴加热至30℃,搅拌溶解均匀,获得活化聚乙二醇溶液;将步骤S2中制备的初次乳化溶液缓慢加入到100mL活化聚乙二醇溶液中,60W超声处理60s后,100W超声处理至溶液均匀无油滴,获得稳定乳化溶液;
S4:将步骤S3中制备的稳定乳化溶液利用pH7.4的PBS缓冲液调节pH至7.4,静置0.5h,8000rpm离心30min,过滤,pH7.4的PBS缓冲液洗涤,重复上述离心、过滤、洗涤操作3次,加入0.05g蔗糖,在-40℃,0.01mbar真空干燥至恒重,获得纳米颗粒;
S5:将步骤S4中制备的50mg纳米颗粒分散在100mL的pH6的醋酸钠缓冲液中,搅拌分散均匀,获得纳米颗粒溶液;将100mg叶酸溶解在20mL二甲基亚砜,加入12mg的1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺以1:1.2的摩尔质量比例制备的活化剂,室温下搅拌20min,获得活化溶液;
S6:将步骤S5中制备的10mL活化溶液缓慢加入到步骤S5中制备的50mL纳米颗粒溶液中,调节pH至6.5,室温下搅拌12h,10000rpm离心5min,过滤,pH7.4的PBS缓冲液洗涤三次,-50℃真空冷冻干燥至恒重,获得抗肿瘤药物。
实施例2:一种包含L-精氨酸的抗肿瘤药物,由改性聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物、L-精氨酸、IL-2、羧甲基纤维素、聚乙二醇和叶酸组成。
1.改性聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物的制备:
(1):将聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物在50℃下真空干燥至恒重,获得预处理聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物;将10g预处理聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物加入到90mL无水四氢呋喃中,搅拌混合均匀后,加入0.3g辛酸亚锡,搅拌混合均匀,缓慢加入8g琥珀酸酐,以500rpm搅拌20min后,获得混合溶液;
(2):将步骤(1)中制备的混合溶液水浴加热至55℃,以450rpm搅拌反应18h,反应完成后,以温度40℃,压强0.05MPa旋转蒸发浓缩4h,离心,0.45μm滤膜过滤,无水乙醇洗涤三次,50℃真空干燥至恒重,获得改性聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物;
2.抗肿瘤药物的制备:
S1:将10g的L-精氨酸和20mg的IL-2加入到60mL乙酸乙酯中,搅拌溶解均匀,获得活性溶液;将20g改性聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物和9g卵磷脂加入到活性溶液中,50W超声处理分散均匀,获得油相溶液;
S2:将8g泊洛沙姆加入到200mL去离子水中,搅拌溶解均匀,再加入2g羧甲基纤维素,搅拌溶解均匀,获得浓度5wt%的水相溶液;将步骤S1中制备的10mL油相溶液缓慢滴加到140mL水相溶液中,以12000rpm的转速搅拌3min后,以转速15000rpm搅拌至溶液均匀无油滴,获得初次乳化溶液;
S3:将4.5g聚乙二醇与0.09g的1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺以1:1.2的摩尔质量比例制备的活化剂溶解到100mL去离子水中,水浴加热至45℃,搅拌溶解均匀,获得活化聚乙二醇溶液;将步骤S2中制备的初次乳化溶液缓慢加入到140mL活化聚乙二醇溶液中,100W超声处理25s后,100W超声处理至溶液均匀无油滴,获得稳定乳化溶液;
S4:将步骤S3中制备的稳定乳化溶液利用pH7.4的PBS缓冲液调节pH至7.4,静置1.5h,10000rpm离心15min,过滤,pH7.4的PBS缓冲液洗涤,重复上述离心、过滤、洗涤操作5次,加入0.05g的蔗糖,在-80℃,0.01mbar真空干燥至恒重,获得纳米颗粒;
S5:将步骤S4中制备的90mg纳米颗粒分散在100mL的pH6的醋酸钠缓冲液中,搅拌分散均匀,获得纳米颗粒溶液;将100mg叶酸溶解在20mL二甲基亚砜,加入12mg的1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺以1:1.2的摩尔质量比例制备的活化剂,室温下搅拌30min,获得活化溶液;
S6:将步骤S5中制备的10mL活化溶液缓慢加入到步骤S5中制备的100mL纳米颗粒溶液中,调节pH至7,室温下搅拌12h,10000rpm离心5min,过滤,pH7.4的PBS缓冲液洗涤三次,-50℃真空冷冻干燥至恒重,获得抗肿瘤药物。
实施例3:一种包含L-精氨酸的抗肿瘤药物,由改性聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物、L-精氨酸、IL-2、羧甲基纤维素、聚乙二醇和叶酸组成。
1.改性聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物的制备:
(1):将聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物在50℃下真空干燥至恒重,获得预处理聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物;将10g预处理聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物加入到80mL无水四氢呋喃中,搅拌混合均匀后,加入0.3g辛酸亚锡,搅拌混合均匀,缓慢加入7g琥珀酸酐,以400rpm搅拌25min后,获得混合溶液;
(2):将步骤(1)中制备的混合溶液水浴加热至50℃,以400rpm搅拌反应15h,反应完成后,以温度40℃,压强0.08MPa旋转蒸发浓缩4h,离心,0.45μm滤膜过滤,无水乙醇洗涤三次,50℃真空干燥至恒重,获得改性聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物;
2.抗肿瘤药物的制备:
S1:将10g的L-精氨酸和15mg的IL-2加入到60mL乙酸乙酯中,搅拌溶解均匀,获得活性溶液;将20g改性聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物和8g卵磷脂加入到活性溶液中,40W超声处理分散均匀,获得油相溶液;
S2:将8g泊洛沙姆加入到200mL去离子水中,搅拌溶解均匀,再加入2g羧甲基纤维素,搅拌溶解均匀,获得浓度5wt%的水相溶液;将步骤S1中制备的130mL油相溶液缓慢滴加到10mL水相溶液中,以12000rpm的转速搅拌4min后,以转速15000rpm搅拌至溶液均匀无油滴,获得初次乳化溶液;
S3:将4g聚乙二醇与0.08g的1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺以1:1.2的摩尔质量比例制备的活化剂溶解到100mL去离子水中,水浴加热至40℃,搅拌溶解均匀,获得活化聚乙二醇溶液;将步骤S2中制备的初次乳化溶液缓慢加入到130mL活化聚乙二醇溶液中,90W超声处理30s后,100W超声处理至溶液均匀无油滴,获得稳定乳化溶液;
S4:将步骤S3中制备的稳定乳化溶液利用pH7.4的PBS缓冲液调节pH至7.4,静置1h,9000rpm离心15min,过滤,pH7.4的PBS缓冲液洗涤,重复上述离心、过滤、洗涤操作4次,加入0.05g的蔗糖,在-60℃,0.01mbar真空干燥至恒重,获得纳米颗粒;
S5:将步骤S4中制备的80mg纳米颗粒分散在100mL的pH6的醋酸钠缓冲液中,搅拌分散均匀,获得纳米颗粒溶液;将100mg叶酸溶解在20mL二甲基亚砜,加入12mg1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺以1:1.2的摩尔质量比例制备的活化剂,室温下搅拌25min,获得活化溶液;
S6:将步骤S5中制备的10mL活化溶液缓慢加入到步骤S5中制备的80mL纳米颗粒溶液中,调节pH至6.5,室温下搅拌12h,10000rpm离心5min,过滤,pH7.4的PBS缓冲液洗涤三次,-50℃真空冷冻干燥至恒重,获得抗肿瘤药物。
实施例4:一种包含L-精氨酸的抗肿瘤药物,由改性聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物、L-精氨酸、IL-2、羧甲基纤维素、聚乙二醇和叶酸组成。
1.改性聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物的制备:
(1):将聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物在50℃下真空干燥至恒重,获得预处理聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物;将10g预处理聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物加入到100mL无水四氢呋喃中,搅拌混合均匀后,加入0.3g辛酸亚锡,搅拌混合均匀,缓慢加入10g琥珀酸酐,以500rpm搅拌15min后,获得混合溶液;
(2):将步骤(1)中制备的混合溶液水浴加热至60℃,以500rpm搅拌反应12h,反应完成后,以温度40℃,压强0.05MPa旋转蒸发浓缩4h,离心,0.45μm滤膜过滤,无水乙醇洗涤三次,50℃真空干燥至恒重,获得改性聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物;
2.抗肿瘤药物的制备:
S1:将10g的L-精氨酸和20mg的IL-2加入到60mL乙酸乙酯中,搅拌溶解均匀,获得活性溶液;将20g改性聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物和10g卵磷脂加入到活性溶液中,60W超声处理分散均匀,获得油相溶液;
S2:将8g泊洛沙姆加入到200mL去离子水中,搅拌溶解均匀,再加入2g羧甲基纤维素,搅拌溶解均匀,获得浓度5wt%的水相溶液;将步骤S1中制备的10mL油相溶液缓慢滴加到150mL水相溶液中,以15000rpm的转速搅拌2min后,以转速15000rpm搅拌至溶液均匀无油滴,获得初次乳化溶液;
S3:将5g聚乙二醇与0.1g的1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺以1:1.2的摩尔质量比例制备的活化剂溶解到100mL去离子水中,水浴加热至50℃,搅拌溶解均匀,获得活化聚乙二醇溶液;将步骤S2中制备的初次乳化溶液缓慢加入到150mL活化聚乙二醇溶液中,120W超声处理10s后,100W超声处理至溶液均匀无油滴,获得稳定乳化溶液;
S4:将步骤S3中制备的稳定乳化溶液利用pH7.4的PBS缓冲液调节pH至7.4,静置2h, 10000rpm离心10min,过滤,pH7.4的PBS缓冲液洗涤,重复上述离心、过滤、洗涤操作5次,加入0.05g的蔗糖,在-80℃,0.01mbar真空干燥至恒重,获得纳米颗粒;
S5:将步骤S4中制备的100mg纳米颗粒分散在100mL的pH6的醋酸钠缓冲液中,搅拌分散均匀,获得纳米颗粒溶液;将100mg叶酸溶解在20mL二甲基亚砜,加入12mg的1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺以1:1.2的摩尔质量比例制备的活化剂,室温下搅拌30min,获得活化溶液;
S6:将步骤S5中制备的10mL活化溶液缓慢加入到步骤S5中制备的100mL纳米颗粒溶液中,调节pH至7.5,室温下搅拌12h,10000rpm离心5min,过滤,pH7.4的PBS缓冲液洗涤三次,-50℃真空冷冻干燥至恒重,获得抗肿瘤药物。
对比例1:对比例1与实施例2操作基本相同,区别在于,对比例1中没有加入L-精氨酸。
对比例2:对比例2与实施例3操作基本相同,区别在于,对比例2没有接枝聚乙二醇,同时叶酸也未偶联。
对比例3:对比例3与实施例3操作基本相同,区别在于,对比例3没有偶联叶酸。
性能测试:
生物相容性测试:将实施例1~4和对比例2~3制备的抗肿瘤药物样品置于培养板底部,以每组样品8个孔均匀分布在96孔板中,每个孔中加入50μL的DMEM培养基,然后将CAR-T细胞(CD19-CAR-T细胞)稀释至1×104个/mL后接种50μL在上述添加了样品的孔中,同时以未添加样品的8孔作为阴性对照组,以添加了骨髓间充质干细胞培养基的8孔作为阳性对照组,设置温度37℃,5%浓度的CO2,分别在培育24h、72h后加入5μL的5mg/mL的MTT溶液,继续培育4h后,吸出孔中培养液,然后向孔中加入50μL的二甲基亚砜,使用酶标仪在490nm处测定吸光度(OD值),测量活性百分比[细胞存活率(%)=(实施例OD值-阴性对照组OD值)/(阳性对照组OD值-阴性对照组OD值)×100%],空白对照组:仅含培养基和MTT溶液;阴性对照组:未处理的细胞作为对照;每个样本共进行三次处理分析,结果取平均值,细胞存活率结果如图1所示。
由图1结果可知,本发明制备的抗肿瘤药物具有极好的生物相容性,可以有效提高CAR-T的细胞活性,由对比例2和实施例2的结果可知,聚乙二醇接枝的缺失,没有聚乙二醇提供的稳定性,生物相容性受到影响,
流式细胞术分析试验:将CAR-T细胞(CD19-CAR-T细胞)和肿瘤细胞(Nalm-6细胞)分别在含有10%FBS的RPMI1640培养基中培养至对数生长期。使用EDTA消化细胞,收集并离心(1000rpm,5min),弃上清,将CAR-T细胞稀释至2×106个/mL,肿瘤细胞稀释至2×105个/mL。在96孔板中,每孔加入100μL细胞混合液,即每孔含有2×105CAR-T细胞和2×104肿瘤细胞,向孔中添加实施例2、3的抗肿瘤药物,设置对照组(对比例1),共同培养6小时后,每孔加入0.7μL CD107a-FITC抗体和1μL GolgiStop,轻柔混匀,继续培养1小时,培养结束后,加入500μL冰冷的PBS,轻柔混匀,1000rpm离心5min,弃上清,使用固定和渗透试剂处理细胞15分钟,然后用PBS洗涤两次,重悬细胞于100μL的PBS中,使用流式细胞仪进行检测,记录CD107a的表达水平,结果如图2和图3所示。
由图2和图3结果可知,本发明制备的抗肿瘤药物可以有效促进CAR-T细胞分泌CD107A,有效提高抗肿瘤活性;由实施例2、实施例3和对比例1的结果可知,L-精氨酸可以有效促进CD107A的分泌,抗肿瘤活性提高。
稳定性测试:将本发明实施例2、3和对比例2、3制备的抗肿瘤药物样品按照市售包装进行封存,在温度35 ± 5℃,相对湿度75 ± 5%的条件下放置6个月,并在试验期的第1、2、3和6个月时各进行一次取样,测试pH值,结果如图4所示。
由图4结果可知,本发明制备的抗肿瘤药物可以有效长期保存,在六个月的保保存试验中,pH变化值极小,维持在±0.2的范围内,由对比例2、对比例3和实施例3的结果可知,聚乙二醇的缺失,缺失水化层,药物稳定性受到一定程度影响,pH的波动范围变大。
细胞活性测试:培养CAR-T细胞(CD19-CAR-T细胞),确保细胞处于良好的生长状态,将细胞按照5×104个/孔密度接种到Seahorse XF分析仪专用的微孔板中,设立对照组和实验组,对照组加入对比例1制备的抗肿瘤药物,而实验组则加入实施例2制备的抗肿瘤药物,仪器每隔8min进行一次测量,结果如图5所示。
由图5结果可知,本发明制备的抗肿瘤药物可以有效增强CAR-T细胞线粒体的OCR功能,增强CAR-T细胞的抗肿瘤活性。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。
Claims (9)
1.一种包含L-精氨酸的抗肿瘤药物,其特征在于,所述抗肿瘤药物由改性聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物、L-精氨酸、IL-2、羧甲基纤维素、聚乙二醇和叶酸组成;
所述改性聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物的具体制备步骤如下:
(1):将聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物在真空干燥至恒重,获得预处理聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物;将预处理聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物加入到无水四氢呋喃中,搅拌混合均匀后,加入辛酸亚锡,搅拌混合均匀,缓慢加入琥珀酸酐,搅拌分散均匀后,获得混合溶液;
(2):将步骤(1)中制备的混合溶液水浴加热,搅拌反应,反应完成后,旋转蒸发浓缩,离心,滤膜过滤,无水乙醇洗涤三次,真空干燥至恒重,获得改性聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种包含L-精氨酸的抗肿瘤药物,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述的聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物是乳酸和羟基乙酸以75:25的比例通过脱水缩合反应制备获得;预处理聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物、无水四氢呋喃、辛酸亚锡和琥珀酸酐的用量之比为1g:5~10mL:0.03g:0.5~1g。
3.一种根据权利要求1-2任一项所述的包含L-精氨酸的抗肿瘤药物的制备方法,其特征在于,具体制备步骤如下:
S1:将L-精氨酸和IL-2加入到乙酸乙酯中,搅拌溶解均匀,获得活性溶液;将改性聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物和卵磷脂加入到活性溶液中,超声处理分散均匀,获得油相溶液;
S2:将泊洛沙姆加入到去离子水中,搅拌溶解均匀,再加入羧甲基纤维素,搅拌溶解均匀,获得浓度5wt%的水相溶液;将步骤S1中制备的油相溶液缓慢滴加到水相溶液中,以10000~15000rpm的转速搅拌2~5min后,再以转速15000rpm搅拌至溶液均匀无油滴,获得初次乳化溶液;
S3:将聚乙二醇和活化剂溶解到去离子水中,水浴加热,搅拌溶解均匀,获得活化聚乙二醇溶液;将步骤S2中制备的初次乳化溶液缓慢加入到活化聚乙二醇溶液中,60~120W超声处理10~60s后,100W超声处理至溶液均匀无油滴,获得稳定乳化溶液;
S4:将步骤S3中制备的稳定乳化溶液利用pH7.4的PBS缓冲液调节pH至7.4,静置,离心,过滤,洗涤,重复上述离心、过滤、洗涤操作3~5次,加入蔗糖,真空干燥至恒重,获得纳米颗粒;
S5:将步骤S4中制备的纳米颗粒分散在pH6的醋酸钠缓冲液中,搅拌分散均匀,获得纳米颗粒溶液;将叶酸溶解在二甲基亚砜,加入活化剂,室温下搅拌反应,获得活化溶液;
S6:将步骤S5中制备的活化溶液缓慢加入到步骤S5中制备的纳米颗粒溶液中,调节pH至6.5~7.5,室温下搅拌反应,反应完成后,离心,过滤,pH7.4的PBS缓冲液洗涤,真空冷冻干燥至恒重,获得抗肿瘤药物。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种包含L-精氨酸的抗肿瘤药物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中所述L-精氨酸、IL-2和乙酸乙酯的用量之比为5g:5~10mg:30mL;改性聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物、卵磷脂和L-精氨酸的用量之比为2g:0.5~1g:1g。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种包含L-精氨酸的抗肿瘤药物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中所述泊洛沙姆和羧甲基纤维素的质量用量之比为4:1;所述水相的用量是油相体积的10~15倍。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种包含L-精氨酸的抗肿瘤药物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S3中所述聚乙二醇和去离子水的用量之比为3~5g:100mL;所述活化剂用量为聚乙二醇质量的2%;所述活化聚乙二醇溶液的用量是步骤S2中油相体积的10~15倍。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种包含L-精氨酸的抗肿瘤药物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S4中所述蔗糖用量为步骤S1中L-精氨酸质量的0.5%;步骤S5中所述纳米颗粒和醋酸溶液的用量之比为50~100mg:100mL;所述叶酸、二甲基亚砜和活化剂的用量之比为10mg:2mL:1.2mg。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种包含L-精氨酸的抗肿瘤药物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S6中所述活化溶液和纳米颗粒溶液的体积用量之比为1:5~10。
9.根据权利要求8所述的一种包含L-精氨酸的抗肿瘤药物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S3和步骤S6中所述活化剂均为1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺以1:1.2的摩尔质量比例制备获得。
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