CN118456129A - A multi-flexible magnetic shear thickening polishing method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a multiple flexible magnetic shear thickening polishing method, and belongs to the field of magnetic field assisted composite polishing. In order to solve the problems that the pressure of the abrasive material on the surface of a workpiece is large, the pressure is uncontrollable and the relative position of the abrasive material and the surface of the workpiece is not well regulated in the current magnetic field auxiliary polishing process, a flexible material is adopted as an elastic layer to be attached to the surface of a polishing tool, flexible control of the acting force of the abrasive material on the surface of a part to be processed is realized, porous fibers are adopted as a fiber layer to control a polishing medium, the relative position between the abrasive material and the surface of the workpiece is regulated, magnetic shear thickening fluid is adopted as the polishing medium, and the polishing medium generates an enhanced flexible profiling particle cluster under the magnetization enhancement and shear thickening effects. The enhanced flexible profiling particle cluster directly acts on the surface of the workpiece to realize material removal. The polishing device can be used for flexible polishing of surfaces with complex structures and fine structures and surfaces of difficult-to-process materials.

Description

A multi-flexible magnetic shear thickening polishing method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of magnetic field assisted composite polishing, and in particular relates to a multiple flexible magnetic shear thickening polishing method.

Background Art

With the development of high-end technology fields such as aerospace, biomedicine, precision manufacturing and the rapid development of high-end equipment manufacturing, the manufacturing precision of parts is getting higher and higher. In particular, the requirements for the surface accuracy, functional structure and surface quality of parts are becoming increasingly stringent, becoming an important indicator of technological progress and product performance improvement in the industry. These high-tech industries and high-end equipment manufacturing industries require parts with extremely high surface flatness, extremely low surface roughness and excellent surface quality to ensure their stability and reliability during use. In the field of aerospace, high-precision surface treatment can significantly improve the performance of key parts such as aircraft engines and turbine blades, thereby improving the efficiency and safety of aircraft. In the field of biomedicine, medical devices such as artificial joints and implants require extremely high surface finish and biocompatibility to ensure their functionality and patient safety. In optical instruments, high-quality wafers and prisms require flawless surfaces to ensure high-quality imaging performance and light transmission efficiency. In the field of precision machinery, high-precision mechanical parts such as gears and bearings require very high surface accuracy and finish to reduce friction and wear and extend service life. However, the existing magnetic field-assisted polishing technology still has many problems in application, especially in the control of polishing force.

In the traditional polishing method, the abrasive is directly pressed into the workpiece surface, and the pressure of the abrasive on the workpiece is uncontrollable. Chinese invention patent CN 200610132495.9 discloses a grinding and polishing method with magnetorheological effect. When the pressure of the abrasive on the workpiece surface is large, it is easy to produce depressions and scratches on the workpiece surface, thereby affecting the surface quality. This uncontrollable pressure not only reduces the polishing efficiency, but also may cause irreversible damage to precision parts, limiting the application of this technology in ultra-precision machining. Therefore, the development of a new polishing method that can flexibly control the polishing force is of great significance for improving ultra-precision machining efficiency and machining surface quality. This new method should be able to accurately adjust the pressure of the abrasive on the workpiece surface during the polishing process, so as to avoid depressions and scratches, improve the uniformity of material removal and polishing effect. At the same time, the method should also have good adaptability and controllability to cope with the surface polishing requirements of different materials and complex structures. Thereby meeting the stringent requirements of modern high-tech industries and high-end equipment manufacturing industries for the surface treatment of parts.

Summary of the invention

The present invention proposes a multiple flexible magnetic shear thickening polishing method to solve the problems of insufficient flexibility of polishing tools, large polishing force, and uncontrollable relative position between abrasive and workpiece surface in the current magnetic field-assisted polishing process. The magnetic field distribution in the polishing area is adjusted by adjusting the arrangement of magnetic poles. Under the constraint of the magnetic field, the magnetic particles form "flexible contoured particle clusters", which changes the holding force on the abrasive. The elastic matrix is used to realize flexible control of the force (polishing force) of the abrasive on the workpiece surface, thereby realizing flexible polishing of specific areas of the workpiece. The double elastic layer further enhances the accuracy of flexible control and realizes multiple flexible polishing of surfaces of different materials and complex surface structures.

The present invention discloses a multi-flexible magnetic shear thickening polishing method, wherein the polishing tool is composed of an elastic matrix, a fiber layer and magnetic poles with different polarity configurations. The elastic matrix includes an elastic layer A, an elastic layer B or a combination of the two; the elastic layer A is made of butadiene rubber, butyl rubber or nitrile rubber; the elastic layer B is made of polyurethane elastomer, polyamide elastomer or polyester elastomer; the fiber layer is made of aromatic polyamide fiber, polybenzimidazole fiber or polybutylene terephthalate fiber; the magnetic poles are configured with different polarities of S-N-S-N, S-N-N-S or N-N-S-S, and can be placed on the upper end of the elastic matrix or the lower end of the workpiece; the fiber layer is immersed in the magnetic shear thickening polishing medium, and the polishing medium The material is prepared by constant temperature ultrasonic mechanical stirring of dispersion medium, dispersion phase, abrasive particles, magnetic particles and additives; the dispersion medium is selected from polyethylene glycol, deionized water, vinyl alcohol or polypropylene glycol; the dispersion phase is selected from silicon dioxide, hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate, calcium carbonate or polystyrene; the abrasive is selected from diamond, cubic boron nitride, boron carbide or tungsten oxide; the magnetic particles are selected from carbonyl iron powder, ferroferric oxide, magnetic glass particles or iron-nickel alloy particles; the additives are selected from alkyl phosphate esters, carboxyl organic amine salts, polyvinyl pyrrolidone and butyl titanate.

The polishing method provided by the multi-flexible magnetic shear thickening polishing method of the present invention is:

(1) Fixing an elastic matrix on the surface of the polishing tool, including an elastic layer A and an elastic layer B;

(2) fixing the fiber layer on the outer layer of the elastic matrix;

(3) Preparation of magnetic shear thickening polishing media;

(4) immersing the fiber layer in a magnetic shear thickening polishing medium for a period of time;

(5) Polishing the surface of a specific workpiece using a polishing tool;

(6) According to the physical and chemical properties of the workpiece, the composition of the magnetic shear thickening polishing medium and the elastic matrix and fiber layer can be replaced, and the elastic matrix and fiber layer suitable for the workpiece material can be selected.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. The multi-flexible magnetic shear thickening polishing method described in the present invention fixes an elastic matrix on the outside of the polishing tool, which undergoes elastic deformation when subjected to extrusion. The elastic deformation allows the "enhanced flexible contoured particle cluster" to fit closely to the workpiece surface through the fiber layer, thereby achieving efficient and high-precision polishing of specific areas. 2. The multi-flexible magnetic shear thickening polishing method described in the present invention fixes a fiber layer on the outside of the elastic matrix. The fiber layer has the characteristics of softness and wear resistance, which can reduce the contact resistance between the abrasive particles and the micro-convex peaks on the workpiece surface, improve polishing efficiency and quality, and reduce or even avoid irreparable damage to the workpiece surface.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Figure 1 is the polishing principle diagram of the magnetic pole on the inside

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the polishing principle of the magnetic pole on the outside

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of stage 1 of the polishing process

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of stage 2 of the polishing process

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of stage 3 of the polishing process

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 1

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 2

In the figure, 1-magnetic pole, 2-elastic layer A, 3-elastic layer B, 4-fiber layer, 5-magnetic lines of force, 6-workpiece, 7-dispersion medium, 8-dispersed phase, 9-abrasive, 10-magnetic particles, 11-additives, 12-enhanced flexible contour particle clusters.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Specific implementation method 1: In conjunction with FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the principle of the multiple flexible magnetic shear thickening finishing method is described in detail, and its characteristics are:

(1) The multiple flexible magnetic shear thickening finishing method uses a permanent magnet 1 as an excitation device, a magnetic shear thickening medium as a polishing medium, an elastic layer A 2 and an elastic layer B 3 as an elastic matrix, and porous fibers as a fiber layer 4;

(2) The permanent magnet 1 can be placed at the lower end of the workpiece or inside the tool. The magnetic pole arrangement of the permanent magnet 1 is N-S-N-S, forming magnetic lines of force 5 between the polishing areas;

(3) The magnetic shear thickening polishing medium includes a dispersion medium 7, a dispersion phase 8, an abrasive 9, magnetic particles 10, and an additive 11. The dispersion medium 7 is selected from polyethylene glycol, deionized water, vinyl alcohol or polypropylene glycol; the dispersion phase 8 is selected from silicon dioxide, hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate, calcium carbonate or polystyrene; the abrasive 9 is selected from diamond, cubic boron nitride, boron carbide or tungsten oxide; the magnetic particles 10 are selected from carbonyl iron powder, ferroferric oxide, magnetic glass particles or iron-nickel alloy particles. The additive 11 is selected from alkyl phosphate, carboxyl organic amine salt, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, butyl titanate.

(4) The elastic layer A2 is made of butadiene rubber, butyl rubber or nitrile rubber; the elastic layer B3 is made of polyurethane elastomer, polyamide elastomer or polyester elastomer; the fiber layer 4 is made of aromatic polyamide fiber, polybenzimidazole fiber or polybutylene terephthalate fiber.

Specific implementation method 2: A multiple flexible magnetic shear thickening polishing method of the present invention is described in detail in conjunction with Figures 1 to 5;

(1) The fiber layer 4 is immersed in the polishing medium. At this time, the components in the polishing medium are in a dispersed state;

(2) The elastic layer A2 is fixed to the outer surface of the polishing tool, and the elastic layer B3 is fixed on the elastic layer B3 to form an elastic matrix.

(3) The impregnated fiber layer 4 is fixed on the elastic substrate, and the workpiece 6 is placed at the bottom of the fiber layer 4;

(4) The magnetic particles 10 form different types of “flexible contour particle clusters” under the constraint of the magnetic field, which changes the control ability of the abrasive;

(5) When the multi-flexible magnetic shear thickening polishing tool contacts, collides, squeezes and moves relative to the microscopic surface of the workpiece 6, the "flexible profiling particle cluster" quickly comes into flexible contact with the surface of the workpiece 6, and the relative movement stimulates the shear thickening effect of the magnetic shear thickening polishing medium, and the "flexible profiling particle cluster" is transformed into the "enhanced flexible profiling particle cluster 12". At the same time, the elastic layer A2 and the elastic layer B3 are elastically deformed by the reaction force of the collision and squeezing, and the elastic deformation acts on the "enhanced flexible profiling particle cluster 12" through the fiber layer 4. The "enhanced flexible profiling particle cluster 12" fits tightly to the surface of the workpiece 6, and the abrasive 9 penetrates into the polishing area under pressure, realizing the local contact between the abrasive 9 and the surface of the workpiece 6 and the flexible control of the pressure.

Under the action of elastic pressure, the abrasive particles 9 in the "enhanced flexible profiling particle cluster 12" continuously remove the micro-peaks on the surface of the workpiece 6 until the desired polishing requirement is met.

Embodiment 1

(1) The dispersion medium 7 is polyethylene glycol, the dispersed phase 8 is fumed silica, the abrasive 9 is cubic boron nitride, the magnetic particle 10 is carbonyl iron powder, and the additive 11 is alkyl phosphate. The polyethylene glycol, fumed silica, cubic boron nitride, carbonyl iron powder and alkyl phosphate are prepared into a magnetic shear thickening polishing medium by constant temperature ultrasonic stirring;

(2) Magnetic pole 1 uses N 52 tile type permanent magnet, and magnetic pole 1 is installed inside polishing tool A 13, and the magnetic poles are arranged in the order of N-S-N-S;

(3) The elastic layer B3 is made of nitrile rubber and is fixed to the outer side of the polishing tool A13;

(4) The fiber layer 4 is made of aromatic polyamide fiber, and the fiber layer 4 is placed in the prepared magnetic shear thickening polishing medium and immersed for a period of time;

(5) Fixing the soaked fiber layer 4 on the elastic layer A 2. The magnetic particles 10 form different types of "flexible contour particle clusters" under the constraint of the magnetic field, changing the control ability of the abrasive 9;

(6) Fix the workpiece 6 and move the polishing tool A 13 to make the fiber layer 4 contact the surface of the workpiece 6, so as to achieve collision and extrusion between the polishing tool A 13 and the micro-convex peaks on the surface of the workpiece 6;

(7) The polishing tool A 13 rotates, and the "flexible profiling particle cluster" moves relative to the surface of the workpiece 6, which stimulates the shear thickening effect of the magnetic shear thickening polishing medium. Under the shear thickening effect, the "flexible profiling particle cluster" is transformed into the "enhanced flexible profiling particle cluster 12". The "enhanced flexible profiling particle cluster 12" directly acts on the micro-convex peaks on the surface of the workpiece 6.

(8) The elastic layer B3 is elastically deformed by the extrusion, and the elastic deformation acts on the "enhanced flexible contour particle cluster 12" through the fiber layer 4, so that the "enhanced flexible contour particle cluster 12" is closely attached to the surface of the workpiece 6.

(9) Under elastic pressure, the abrasive particles 9 in the "enhanced flexible contoured particle cluster 12" continuously remove the micro-peaks on the surface of the workpiece 6 until the desired polishing requirements are met.

Embodiment 2

(1) The dispersion medium 7 is deionized water, the dispersed phase 8 is hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate, the abrasive 9 is diamond, the magnetic particle 10 is carbonyl iron powder, and the additive 11 is polyvinyl pyrrolidone. Diamond, carbonyl iron powder, polyethylene glycol, silicon dioxide and polyvinyl pyrrolidone are mixed and stirred at constant temperature and ultrasonically to prepare a magnetic shear thickening polishing medium.

(2) Magnetic pole 1 uses a N 52 cylindrical permanent magnet and is installed inside the polishing tool B 14 in an N-S-N-S arrangement.

(3) The elastic layer A2 is made of polyurethane elastomer, and the elastic layer B3 is made of butyl rubber. The elastic layer A2 is fixed to the bottom end of the polishing tool B14. The elastic layer B3 is fixed to the elastic layer 2.

(4) The fiber layer 4 is made of polybenzimidazole fiber and is immersed in the prepared polishing medium.

(5) The soaked fiber layer 4 is fixed on the elastic layer B 3. The magnetic particles 10 form different types of "flexible contour particle clusters" under the constraint of the magnetic field, which changes the control force on the abrasive 9.

(6) Fix the workpiece 6 and move the polishing tool B 14 so that the fiber layer 4 contacts the surface of the workpiece 6.

(7) The polishing tool B 14 rotates, and the "flexible profiling particle cluster" moves relative to the workpiece surface, thereby promoting the shear thickening effect of the magnetic shear thickening polishing medium, and the "flexible profiling particle cluster" is transformed into the "enhanced flexible profiling particle cluster 12".

(8) The elastic matrix undergoes elastic deformation under the action of extrusion, and the elastic deformation acts on the "enhanced flexible contour particle cluster 12" through the fiber layer 4.

Under the elastic pressure, the abrasive particles 9 in the "enhanced flexible contoured particle cluster 12" continuously remove the micro-peaks on the surface of the workpiece 6 until the desired polishing requirement is met.

The above specific embodiments of the present invention are only used to illustrate or explain the principles of the present invention, and do not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, without departing from the principles and protection scope of the present invention, modifications, modifications, equivalent replacements, equivalent structures, and equivalent process changes of the present invention should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. A multi-flexible magnetic shear thickening polishing method, characterized in that: the method is implemented by the following steps: (1) A multiple flexible magnetic shear thickening polishing tool is composed of an elastic matrix, a fiber layer (4) and magnetic poles (1) with different polarity configurations, wherein the elastic matrix includes an elastic layer A (2), an elastic layer B (3) or a combination of an elastic layer A (2) and an elastic layer B (3), wherein the elastic layer A (2) includes a polyurethane elastomer, a polyamide elastomer or a polyester elastomer, wherein the elastic layer B (3) includes butadiene rubber, butyl rubber or nitrile rubber, wherein the fiber layer includes aromatic polyamide fiber, polybenzimidazole fiber or polybutylene terephthalate fiber, wherein the magnetic poles (1) with different polarity configurations are selected from S-N-S-N, S-N-N-S or N-N-S-S and can be placed on the upper end of the elastic matrix or the lower end of a workpiece; (2) impregnating a magnetic shear thickening polishing medium into a fiber layer (4), wherein the magnetic shear thickening polishing medium is composed of a dispersion medium (7), a dispersion phase (8), abrasive particles (9), magnetic particles (10) and an additive (11), and is prepared by constant temperature ultrasonic mechanical stirring. The dispersion medium (7) is selected from polyethylene glycol, deionized water, vinyl alcohol or polypropylene glycol; the dispersion phase (8) is selected from silicon dioxide, hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate, calcium carbonate or polystyrene; the abrasive (9) is selected from diamond, cubic boron nitride, boron carbide or tungsten oxide; the magnetic particles (10) are selected from carbonyl iron powder, ferroferric oxide, magnetic glass particles or iron-nickel alloy particles; and the additive (11) is selected from alkyl phosphate, carboxyl organic amine salt, polyvinyl pyrrolidone or butyl titanate; (3) adjusting the distribution and polarity of the magnetic poles (1) of the multiple flexible magnetic shear thickening polishing tool, changing the distribution and magnetic pole loop of the magnetic field lines (5) in the polishing area, adjusting the restraining effect of the magnetic field on the magnetic particles (10), forming different types of "flexible contour particle clusters", and changing the control force on the abrasive particles (9); (4) When the polishing system drives the multiple flexible magnetic shear thickening polishing tools to contact, collide, squeeze, or move relative to the surface of the workpiece (6), the "flexible profiling particle clusters" quickly come into flexible contact with the workpiece surface, and the relative movement stimulates the shear thickening effect of the magnetic shear thickening polishing medium, and the "flexible profiling particle clusters" are transformed into "enhanced flexible profiling particle clusters (12)". At the same time, the elastic matrix undergoes elastic deformation due to the reaction force of the collision and squeezing, and the elastic deformation acts on the "enhanced flexible profiling particle clusters (12)" through the fiber layer (4), so that the "enhanced flexible profiling particle clusters (12)" are closely attached to the workpiece surface, and the control over the abrasive particles (9) is enhanced; (5) Under elastic pressure, the abrasive particles (9) in the "enhanced flexible contoured particle cluster (12)" continuously remove the micro-peaks on the surface of the workpiece (6) until the desired polishing requirements are met. 2. A multi-flexible magnetic shear thickening polishing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the elastic modulus of the elastic layer A (2) is higher than the elastic modulus of the elastic layer B (3), and under the action of collision and extrusion, the elastic layer A (2) has a fast elastic response capability, and the elastic layer B (3) has flexibility and plasticity; the fiber layer (4) has the characteristics of softness and wear resistance, reducing the contact resistance between the abrasive particles (9) and the micro-peaks on the surface of the workpiece (6), thereby improving the polishing efficiency and accuracy.