CN118397904A - A training model and training method for minimally invasive surgery of lower urinary tract in urology - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of medical devices, and specifically to a urology lower urinary tract minimally invasive surgery training model and training method, comprising a bladder model, a prostate model, a urethra model and a controller, one end of the bladder model is threadedly connected to one end of the prostate model, the other end of the prostate model is threadedly connected to the urethra model, and a vascular simulation system is provided in the bladder model. The bladder model comprises a bladder body, a bladder cover for adding simulated disease tissue is hinged on the bladder body, an inflatable bag is provided inside the bladder body and is connected to a first inflation pump, and the bladder model is composed of a simulated outer skin and a latex inner wall. The prostate model comprises a prostate body, and a prostate cover for adding simulated disease tissue is hinged on the prostate body. An inflatable sleeve is provided in the urethra model and is connected to a second inflation pump. The present invention has a simple structure, is easy to train, can better simulate a real surgical environment, and effectively train surgical capabilities.

Description

A training model and training method for minimally invasive surgery of lower urinary tract in urology

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of medical devices, and in particular to a training model and a training method for minimally invasive surgery of the lower urinary tract in urology.

Background technique

The lower urinary tract includes the bladder, prostate and urethra. Minimally invasive surgery on the lower urinary tract is an important part of the series of minimally invasive surgeries in urology. Laparoscopic surgery on the lower urinary tract in urology mainly involves surgery on the bladder and prostate, including cystoscopy, tumor electroresection, bladder stone lithotripsy and prostate electroresection.

Transurethral laparoscopic surgery is favored for its minimally invasive, beautiful appearance, short hospital stay and fast recovery time. Laparoscopic surgery has a strict learning curve and requires a lot of simulation training to establish the basic two-dimensional field of view and depth of field of laparoscopic surgery. In addition, due to the high technical requirements for lower urinary tract laparoscopic resection, strict in vitro simulation training can improve the trainees' surgical skills, improve the quality of surgery, and master the key points of surgery. The high technical requirements are directly related to the effect of the surgery, so in vitro simulation training can improve surgical skills, shorten the operation time, and improve the quality of surgery.

Training for these surgeries is being conducted in hospitals across the country, but the training time is long and the results are average. The training method is mostly clinical learning. Due to the poor skills of beginners, this method is prone to cause medical disputes and medical accidents. Another method is VR learning. VR learning will not cause medical disputes and medical accidents, but it lacks actual experience, cannot clearly grasp the strength, lacks tactile feel, and the final learning effect is poor.

However, the existing urology lower urinary tract minimally invasive surgery training model lacks vascular simulation tissue, the simulated real environment is not realistic enough, and the training effect is poor.

Therefore, there is a need for a urology lower urinary tract minimally invasive surgery training model and training method that can better simulate the real lower urinary tract system and reduce training costs.

Summary of the invention

In order to solve the problem that the existing model is not sufficiently realistic in simulating the lower urinary tract system, the present invention provides a urology lower urinary tract minimally invasive surgery training model and training method to improve the effect of lower urinary tract minimally invasive surgery learning.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme of the present invention is as follows: a urology lower urinary tract minimally invasive surgery training model, characterized in that: it includes a bladder model, a prostate model, a urethra model and a controller, one end of the bladder model is threadedly connected to one end of the prostate model, and the other end of the prostate model is threadedly connected to the urethra model, and the bladder model is provided with a vascular simulation system for simulating vascular tissue, the vascular simulation system includes a plurality of pores opened in the bladder model and liquids in the pores, the pores are divided into arterial pores and venous pores, the liquid in the arterial pores is designed to be red, and the liquid in the venous pores is designed to be blue, and the density of the red liquid is greater than that of the blue liquid.

Principle of the basic program: Trainers can assemble the bladder model, prostate model and urethra model to conduct minimally invasive surgery training for the lower urinary tract in urology.

The bladder model and prostate model are made by 3D printing according to the real bladder and prostate. The bladder system is equipped with a vascular simulation system. When the trainees are performing various exercises, incorrect operation by the trainees will damage the inner wall of the bladder model, causing the simulated blood vessels of the vascular simulation system to rupture, and then the liquid simulating blood will flow out. Since the density of red liquid is greater than that of blue liquid, the volume of arterial pores and venous pores is the same, so the pressure in the arterial pores is greater than the pressure in the venous pores. When the trainees cut the venous pores, blue liquid will flow out of the venous pores; when the trainees cut the arterial pores, red liquid will flow out of the arterial pores, and the flow rate of the red liquid is faster than that of the blue liquid.

The trainer can operate the controller to adjust the size of the bladder model and the urethra model.

The beneficial effects of the basic program are: 1. Since the operation needs to be performed in the lower urinary tract system, in order to enable the trainees to better experience the real lower urinary tract system surgical environment, a bladder model, a prostate model and a urethra model are designed. The bladder model, the prostate model and the urethra model are printed and produced by 3D printing according to the real lower urinary tract system, so that the trainees can feel the internal structure of the bladder more realistically, better improve the training effect, and reach a qualified surgical level.

2. The design of the vascular simulation system makes the bladder body more in line with the real surgical environment. The arterial and venous holes simulate the arterial and venous blood vessels in the bladder environment, and the different density designs of the red liquid and the blue liquid further simulate the difference in arterial pressure and venous pressure, allowing trainees to have an in-depth experience of arterial and venous bleeding during training, and learn different emergency treatments for arterial and venous bleeding.

3. Moreover, with such a design, if the trainee performs surgical training carelessly, it will cause a lot of damage to the inner wall of the bladder body, causing a large amount of liquid to flow out of the arterial and venous holes, affecting the trainee's surgical training. Therefore, through such a design, the trainee needs to be careful every time he operates the knife during training to avoid scratching the bladder model and causing rupture of the arterial or venous holes. This allows the trainee to be more serious and focused, and treat each training as a clinical operation. The trainee can also reflect and learn from the damage he has caused, and adjust the deficiencies in his surgical process according to the damage he has caused to the bladder model to avoid repeating the same mistakes. Such a design makes the training effect more ideal.

4. And because the bladder model, prostate model and urethra model are connected by threads, the prostate model can be removed and the bladder model can be directly connected to the urethra model to simulate the female lower urinary tract system and realize surgical training for different genders.

5. Compared with clinical training in the prior art, this device can enable trainees to better simulate the real surgical environment during training and experience the real situation of the surgery more immersively. Compared with VR learning in the prior art, this device allows trainees to train in a simulated lower urinary tract system of a real patient, which has a better operating feel and can more effectively allow trainees to feel the real surgical environment, resulting in better surgical training effects. In addition, a vascular simulation system has been added to allow this device to more simulate the real surgical environment.

6. Since each patient has different physical conditions and organ sizes, the surgery will be affected differently. Therefore, through the design of the controller, the trainee can operate the controller to adjust the size of the bladder model and the urethra model, conduct surgical training in different environments, and get more comprehensive training.

Furthermore, the bladder model is composed of a simulated outer skin and a latex inner wall. The bladder model includes a bladder body, which is in the shape of a bladder. A bladder cover for adding simulated disease tissue is hinged on the bladder body. An inflatable bag is provided inside the bladder body and is connected to a first inflatable pump. The input end of the first inflatable pump is signal-connected to the output end of the controller.

The beneficial effects of the basic program are: 1. The bladder model is composed of a simulated outer skin and a latex inner wall. The bladder body uses 3D printing technology to simulate the shape of a real bladder. This design allows the bladder model to better imitate the real bladder situation, allowing trainees to train in a closer to real surgical environment, get a more realistic surgical experience, and achieve better training results.

2. And because the bladder sizes of different patients are different, an inflatable bag and a first inflatable pump are provided inside the bladder body to inflate the bladder body. The trainee can change the size of the bladder body by operating the controller. The trainee uses the controller to turn on the first inflatable pump, which will inflate the bag inside the bladder body. The expansion of the bag makes the bladder body expand. This design allows the trainee to have certain surgical experience on bladders of different sizes and get more extensive training.

Furthermore, the prostate model is composed of a simulated outer skin and a latex inner wall, and the prostate model includes a prostate body, and the prostate body is hinged with a prostate cover for adding simulated disease tissue.

The beneficial effects of the basic program are: the prostate model is composed of a simulated outer skin and a latex inner wall, making the prostate model more realistic and allowing trainers to achieve better training results. Trainers can open the prostate cover and add multiple lesions at any different positions in the prostate body, allowing trainers to perform surgery on any part of the prostate body and perform surgery on multiple lesions in one training session. This design trains trainers to identify the location of surgical lesions, and to judge the location and size of lesions by using medical instruments to touch the lesions. Through training, trainers can have a wider range of surgical operations, have a stronger ability to judge lesions, and receive more comprehensive training.

Furthermore, an inflatable sleeve is provided in the urethra model and is connected to a second air pump, and an input end of the second air pump is signal-connected to an output end of the controller.

The beneficial effect of the basic program is: in actual surgery, the urethra sizes of different patients are different, and different urethra sizes require the use of surgical instruments of different specifications. Therefore, an inflatable sleeve is provided in the urethra model and is connected to a second inflatable pump. The trainee can change the size of the urethra model by operating the controller. The trainee needs to learn how to judge how to choose the correct specifications of surgical instruments according to the size of the urethra. This design trains the trainee's judgment of the urethra size and the mastery of the use of surgical instruments, allowing the trainee to have more surgical experience and get more extensive training.

Furthermore, the bladder body is provided with a urine inlet for adding a liquid simulating urine.

The beneficial effect of the basic plan is: in real surgery, there is often a large amount of urine in the patient's bladder. Before the operation, a catheter needs to be inserted to drain the urine in the bladder to avoid damaging the bladder and affecting the patient's health. Therefore, the urine inlet is designed to better simulate the real situation and can also train medical staff to insert a catheter to assist urination.

Further, the simulated disease tissue includes plasticine for simulating prostate tumor tissue, latex for simulating prostate hyperplasia tissue and crushed stones for simulating stones.

The beneficial effects of the basic program are: in real surgery, different patients suffer from different diseases, the disease lesions are located in different locations, and the lesion structures are also different. Therefore, in training, trainers can simulate different lesions by adding different substances. With the openable bladder cover and prostate cover, trainers can place simulated disease tissues in different parts of the bladder model and prostate model, thereby simulating different lesion tissues of patients and conducting simulation training. This design enables trainers to train lesions of different diseases, lesions in different locations, and lesions of different magnitudes, thereby improving training effects and allowing trainers to achieve better surgical levels.

Furthermore, a method for training lower urinary tract minimally invasive surgery in urology is characterized by comprising the following steps:

Step 1, model assembly: the trainer assembles the bladder model, prostate model and urethra model through threads;

Step 2, model adjustment: the instructor controls the first air pump and the second air pump through the controller to adjust the size of the bladder body and the urethra model to create surgical training in different environments for the trainees;

Step 3, adding simulated disease tissue: The instructor then adds simulated disease tissue of the corresponding disease through the bladder cover or prostate cover to simulate different disease lesions;

Step 4, surgical training: After completing model assembly, model adjustment and adding simulated disease tissue, the trainer selects different types of medical devices according to different lesions, and then selects medical devices of different specifications according to different sizes of urethra models and bladder bodies, and conducts bladder tumor electroresection training, bladder stone removal training, prostate hyperplasia electroresection and intraoperative bleeding emergency treatment training;

Step 5: Surgical evaluation: The surgical level of the trainees is evaluated based on the training process and results of different trainings.

Furthermore, in step 4, the training process of bladder tumor transurethral resection is as follows: the trainee inserts the transurethral resectoscope through the urethra model and extends it into the bladder body through the prostate model to resect the simulated tumor tissue, and the bladder tumor transurethral resection technique is judged according to the tumor resection ratio in the bladder body after resection;

The training process of bladder stone removal training is as follows: the trainee uses a clamp to reach into the bladder model through the urethra model and remove the broken stones;

The training process of transurethral resection of prostate hyperplasia is as follows: the trainee inserts the transurethral resectoscope into the prostate cavity through the urethra model and removes the simulated hyperplastic prostate tissue;

Emergency treatment training for intraoperative bleeding: The instructor cuts the vascular simulation system, and the trainee uses the electrocautery knife to treat the wound and perform electrocautery to stop bleeding at the cut.

Furthermore, in step five, the surgical evaluation methods are different. The bladder tumor transurethral resection training evaluates the bladder tumor transurethral resection technique according to the tumor resection ratio in the bladder body after resection. The bladder tumor resection part less than 80% of the total bladder tumor volume is judged as unqualified, the bladder tumor resection part greater than 80% and less than or equal to 90% of the total bladder tumor volume is judged as qualified, the bladder tumor resection part greater than 90% and less than or equal to 95% of the total bladder tumor volume is judged as good, and the bladder tumor resection part greater than 95% and less than or equal to 100% of the total bladder tumor volume is judged as excellent.

Bladder stone removal training: The bladder stone removal technique is judged according to the removal of the lithotripsy. Bladder stone removal is considered unqualified if the number of bladder stones removed is less than 80% of the total number of bladder stones. Bladder stone removal is considered qualified if the number of bladder stones removed is greater than 80% and less than or equal to 90% of the total number of bladder stones. Bladder stone removal is considered good if the number of bladder stones removed is greater than 90% and less than or equal to 95% of the total number of bladder stones. Bladder stone removal is considered excellent if the number of bladder stones removed is greater than 95% and less than or equal to 100% of the total number of bladder stones.

Prostate hyperplasia transurethral resection training is based on the prostate hyperplasia resection ratio after resection to judge the prostate hyperplasia transurethral resection technique. If the prostate hyperplasia resection portion is less than 80% of the total prostate hyperplasia volume, it is judged as unqualified; if the prostate hyperplasia resection portion is greater than 80% of the total prostate hyperplasia volume and less than or equal to 90%, it is judged as qualified; if the prostate hyperplasia resection portion is greater than 90% and less than or equal to 95% of the total prostate hyperplasia volume, it is judged as good; if the prostate hyperplasia resection portion is greater than 95% and less than or equal to 100% of the total prostate hyperplasia volume, it is judged as excellent;

Intraoperative bleeding emergency treatment training judges the intraoperative bleeding emergency treatment technology based on the hemostasis situation. If there is no bleeding after electrocautery, it is judged as qualified. If there is still bleeding after electrocautery, it is judged as unqualified.

Furthermore, in step one, the model assembly can simulate the lower urinary tract models of different patient genders according to the training requirements. To simulate a male patient, the bladder model, the prostate model and the urethra model are connected in sequence; to simulate a female patient, the bladder model and the urethra model are connected.

The beneficial effects of the basic program are: 1. By simulating the real environment of the bladder, prostate and urethra, opening the bladder cover and prostate cover, multiple lesions of different types and locations can be added, allowing trainees to conduct cystoscopic examination technology training, bladder tumor transurethral resection training, bladder stone removal training, prostate hyperplasia transurethral resection training and intraoperative bleeding emergency treatment training.

2. Trainers can assemble different models according to the gender of the patients required for training, and conduct male lower urinary tract surgery training and female lower urinary tract surgery training respectively. During the training, the size of the bladder and urethra can be adjusted through the controller to simulate the in vivo surgical environment of different patients. This design enables trainers to have rich training experience in various surgeries and different surgical environments, achieving the effect of rich training content and diverse training environments, which can effectively improve the surgical level of trainers.

3. Such a design simulates the real surgical environment and reduces training costs.

4. At the same time, in addition to the instructor providing guidance and training to the trainees, the trainees can also learn and self-evaluate on their own when they want to learn independently. Since the trainees can self-check and self-correct the training process through the vascular simulation system and self-evaluate according to the corresponding evaluation criteria in different trainings, there is no need for the instructor to check the training results of each trainee in turn. Therefore, this design can also allow the trainees to conduct self-training and reduce the consumption of teaching staff.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG1 is a side sectional view of the minimally invasive surgery training model for lower urinary tract in urology of the present invention.

Figure 2 is an axonometric cross-sectional view of the urology lower urinary tract minimally invasive surgery training model.

FIG3 is a front view of the urology lower urinary tract minimally invasive surgery training model.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a training method for minimally invasive surgery of the lower urinary tract in urology.

Detailed ways

The following is further described in detail through specific implementation methods:

The figure marks in the drawings of the specification include: bladder body 1, air bag 2, tube hole 3, hinged rod 4, bladder cover 5, prostate body 6, connecting nut 7, first inflation pump 8, prostate cover 9, urethra model 10, inflation sleeve 11, second inflation pump 12, urine inlet 13.

Example 1

Basically as shown in Figures 1 to 4: a urology lower urinary tract minimally invasive surgery training model, including a bladder model, a prostate model, a urethra model 10 and a controller, one end of the bladder model is connected to one end of the prostate model through a connecting nut 7, and the other end of the prostate model is connected to the urethra model 10 through a connecting nut 7. The bladder model is provided with a vascular simulation system for simulating vascular tissue, and the vascular simulation system includes a plurality of pores 3 opened in the bladder model and liquid in the pores 3. The pores 3 are divided into arterial pores 3 and venous pores 3. The liquid in the arterial pores 3 is designed to be red, and the liquid in the venous pores 3 is designed to be blue, and the density of the red liquid is greater than that of the blue liquid.

The trainer can assemble the bladder model, the prostate model and the urethra model 10 to perform minimally invasive surgery training for the lower urinary tract in urology.

The bladder model and the prostate model are made by 3D printing according to the real bladder and prostate. The bladder system is equipped with a blood vessel simulation system. When the trainee is performing various exercises, incorrect operation by the trainee will damage the inner wall of the bladder model, causing the blood vessel simulated by the blood vessel simulation system to rupture, and then the liquid simulating blood will flow out. When the trainee cuts the venous tube hole 3, the venous tube hole 3 will flow out of the blue liquid, and the liquid flow rate is low; when the trainee cuts the arterial tube hole 3, the arterial tube hole 3 will flow out of the red liquid, and the liquid flow rate is fast.

The instructor can operate the controller to adjust the sizes of the bladder model and the urethra model 10 .

Since the operation needs to be performed in the lower urinary tract system, in order to enable the trainees to better experience the real lower urinary tract system surgical environment, a bladder model, a prostate model and a urethra model 10 are designed. The bladder model, the prostate model and the urethra model 10 are printed and produced by three-dimensional printing according to the real lower urinary tract system, so that the trainees can feel the internal structure of the lower urinary tract system more realistically, better improve the training effect, and reach a qualified surgical level.

The design of the blood vessel simulation system makes the bladder body 1 more in line with the real surgical environment. The arterial tube hole 3 and the venous tube hole 3 simulate the arterial and venous blood vessels in the bladder environment, and the different density designs of the red liquid and the blue liquid further simulate the difference between arterial pressure and venous pressure, so that the trainees can have an in-depth experience of arterial bleeding and venous bleeding during training, and learn different emergency treatments for arterial bleeding and venous bleeding.

Moreover, with such a design, if the trainee performs the surgical training carelessly, a lot of damage will be caused to the inner wall of the bladder body 1, causing a large amount of liquid to flow out of the arterial tube hole 3 and the venous tube hole 3, affecting the trainee's surgical training. Therefore, with such a design, the trainee cannot perform the surgery carelessly during the training. It is necessary to be careful every time the operation is performed to avoid scratching the bladder model and causing the arterial tube hole 3 or the venous tube hole 3 to rupture. This allows the trainee to be more serious and focused, treating each training as a clinical operation. The trainee can also reflect and learn from the damage caused by himself, and adjust the deficiencies in his surgical process according to the damage caused to the bladder model to avoid recurrence. Such a design makes the training effect more ideal.

Furthermore, since the bladder model, the prostate model and the urethra model 10 are connected via the connecting nut 7, the prostate model can be removed and the bladder model can be directly connected to the urethra model 10 to simulate the female lower urinary tract system and realize surgical training for different genders.

Compared with clinical training in the prior art, this device enables trainees to better experience the real lower urinary tract system surgical environment during training. Compared with VR learning in the prior art, this device allows trainees to train in a simulated real patient lower urinary tract system, which has a better operating feel and can more effectively allow trainees to feel the real surgical environment, resulting in better surgical training effects. In addition, a vascular simulation system is added to allow trainees to more simulate the real surgical environment.

The bladder model is composed of a simulated outer skin and a latex inner wall. The bladder model includes a bladder body 1. The bladder body 1 is 3D printed in the shape of a bladder. This design allows the bladder model to better simulate the real bladder situation, allowing trainers to be closer to the real surgical environment during training, get a more realistic surgical experience, and achieve a better training effect. The bladder body 1 is hinged with a bladder cover 5 for adding simulated disease tissue through a hinge rod 4. The trainer can open the bladder cover 5 and add simulated disease tissue at different positions in the bladder body 1 for training. The bladder body 1 is filled with an inflatable bag 2 and is connected to a first inflatable pump 8. The input end of the first inflatable pump 8 is connected to the output end of the controller by signal. The trainer can control the first inflatable pump 8 through the controller to expand or contract the bladder body 1, so that the trainer can have certain surgical experience for bladders of different sizes and get more extensive training.

The prostate model is composed of a simulated outer skin and a latex inner wall. The prostate model includes a prostate body 6. Such a design enables the prostate model to better simulate the real prostate condition. The prostate body 6 is hinged with a prostate cover 9 for adding simulated disease tissue through a hinged rod 4. The trainee can open the prostate cover 9 and add multiple lesions at any different positions in the prostate body 6, so that the trainee can perform surgery on any part of the prostate body 6, and can also perform surgery on multiple lesions in one training. Such a design trains the trainee's recognition of the location of surgical lesions, and judges the location and size of the lesions by touch. Through training, the trainee can have a wider range of surgical operations, have a stronger ability to judge lesions, and receive more comprehensive training.

The urethra model 10 is filled with an inflatable sleeve 11 and is connected to a second inflatable pump 12. The input end of the second air pump is connected to the output end of the controller by signal. The trainee can control the second air pump through the controller to expand or contract the prostate 6. In actual surgery, different patients have different urethra sizes, and different urethra sizes require surgical instruments of different specifications. Therefore, the urethra model 10 is provided with an inflatable sleeve 11 and is connected to a second inflatable pump 12. The trainee can change the size of the urethra model 10 by operating the controller. The trainee needs to learn how to judge how to choose the correct specifications of surgical instruments according to the size of the urethra. This design trains the trainee's judgment of the urethra size and the mastery of the use of surgical instruments, allowing the trainee to have more surgical experience and get more extensive training.

Since the operation needs to be performed in the lower urinary tract system, in order to enable the trainee to better experience the real lower urinary tract system operation environment, a bladder model, a prostate model and a urethra model 10 are designed. The bladder model, the prostate model and the urethra model 10 are connected layer by layer, imitating the real lower urinary tract connection structure. The bladder model, the prostate model and the urethra model 10 are printed and produced by three-dimensional printing according to the real lower urinary tract system. Such a design enables the trainee to feel the internal structure of the bladder more realistically, better improve the training effect, and achieve a qualified surgical level. And because the bladder model, the prostate model and the urethra model 10 are connected by threads, the prostate model can be removed, and the bladder model can be directly connected to the urethra model 10 to simulate the female lower urinary tract system and realize surgical training of different genders.

The bladder body 1 is provided with a urine inlet 13 for adding a liquid simulating urine. In real surgery, there is often a large amount of urine in the patient's bladder. Before the surgery, a urinary catheter needs to be inserted to drain the urine in the bladder to avoid damaging the bladder and affecting the patient's health. Therefore, the urine inlet 13 is designed to better simulate the real situation and can also train medical staff to insert a urinary catheter to assist urination.

The simulated disease tissue includes plasticine for simulating prostate tumor tissue, latex for simulating prostate hyperplasia tissue, and gravel for simulating stones. In real surgery, different patients suffer from different diseases, and the disease lesions are located in different locations and have different lesion structures. Therefore, in training, the trainer can simulate different lesions by adding different substances. With the openable bladder cover 5 and prostate cover 9, the trainer can place the simulated disease tissue in different parts of the bladder model and the prostate model, thereby simulating different lesion tissues of the patient and performing simulation training. Such a design enables the trainer to train lesions of different diseases, lesions in different locations, and lesions of different magnitudes, thereby improving the training effect and allowing the trainer to achieve a better surgical level.

Embodiment 2, a method for training lower urinary tract minimally invasive surgery in urology, comprising the following steps:

Step 1, model assembly: the trainer assembles the bladder model, the prostate model and the urethra model 10 through threads;

Step 2, model adjustment: the instructor controls the first air pump 8 and the second air pump 12 through the controller to adjust the size of the bladder body 1 and the urethra model 10 to create surgical training in different environments for the trainee;

Step 3, adding simulated disease tissue: the instructor then adds simulated disease tissue of the corresponding disease through the bladder cover 5 or the prostate cover 9 to simulate different disease lesions;

Step 4, surgical training: After completing model assembly, model adjustment and adding simulated disease tissue, the trainee selects different types of medical devices according to different lesions, and then selects medical devices of different specifications according to different sizes of urethra models 10 and bladder bodies 1, and conducts bladder tumor electroresection training, bladder stone removal training, prostate hyperplasia electroresection and intraoperative bleeding emergency treatment training;

Step 5: Surgical evaluation: The surgical level of the trainees is evaluated based on the training process and results of different trainings.

In step 4, the training process of bladder tumor transurethral resection is as follows: the trainee inserts the transurethral resection scope through the urethra model 10 and extends it into the bladder body 1 through the prostate model to resect the simulated tumor tissue, and the bladder tumor transurethral resection technique is judged according to the tumor resection ratio in the bladder body 1 after resection;

The training process of bladder stone removal training is as follows: the trainee uses a clamp to reach into the bladder model through the urethra model 10 to remove the broken stones;

The training process of electroresection of prostate hyperplasia is as follows: the trainee inserts the electroresection scope into the prostate cavity through the urethra model 10 and removes the simulated hyperplastic prostate tissue;

Emergency treatment training for intraoperative bleeding: The instructor cuts the vascular simulation system, and the trainee uses the electrocautery knife to treat the wound and perform electrocautery to stop bleeding at the cut.

In step five, the surgical evaluation methods are different. The bladder tumor transurethral resection training judges the bladder tumor transurethral resection technique according to the tumor resection ratio within the bladder body 1 after resection. The bladder tumor resection part less than 80% of the total bladder tumor volume is judged as unqualified, the bladder tumor resection part greater than 80% and less than or equal to 90% of the total bladder tumor volume is judged as qualified, the bladder tumor resection part greater than 90% and less than or equal to 95% of the total bladder tumor volume is judged as good, and the bladder tumor resection part greater than 95% and less than or equal to 100% of the total bladder tumor volume is judged as excellent.

Bladder stone removal training: The bladder stone removal technique is judged according to the removal of the lithotripsy. Bladder stone removal is considered unqualified if the number of bladder stones removed is less than 80% of the total number of bladder stones. Bladder stone removal is considered qualified if the number of bladder stones removed is greater than 80% and less than or equal to 90% of the total number of bladder stones. Bladder stone removal is considered good if the number of bladder stones removed is greater than 90% and less than or equal to 95% of the total number of bladder stones. Bladder stone removal is considered excellent if the number of bladder stones removed is greater than 95% and less than or equal to 100% of the total number of bladder stones.

Prostate hyperplasia transurethral resection training is based on the smoothness of the inner wall of the prostate after resection. The prostate hyperplasia transurethral resection technique is judged as unqualified if the prostate hyperplasia resection portion is less than 80% of the total prostate hyperplasia volume, qualified if the prostate hyperplasia resection portion is greater than 80% and less than or equal to 90% of the total prostate hyperplasia volume, good if the prostate hyperplasia resection portion is greater than 90% and less than or equal to 95% of the total prostate hyperplasia volume, and excellent if the prostate hyperplasia resection portion is greater than 95% and less than or equal to 100% of the total prostate hyperplasia volume.

Intraoperative bleeding emergency treatment training judges the intraoperative bleeding emergency treatment technology based on the hemostasis situation. If there is no bleeding after electrocautery, it is judged as qualified. If there is still bleeding after electrocautery, it is judged as unqualified.

By simulating the real environment of bladder, prostate and urethra, opening the bladder cover 5 and the prostate cover 9, a plurality of lesions of different types and locations can be added, so that trainees can conduct cystoscopy technique training, bladder tumor transurethral resection training, bladder stone removal training, prostate hyperplasia transurethral resection training and intraoperative bleeding emergency treatment training.

Trainers can assemble different models according to the gender of the patients required for training, and conduct male lower urinary tract surgery training and female lower urinary tract surgery training respectively. During training, the size of the bladder and urethra can be adjusted through the controller to simulate the in vivo surgical environment of different patients. This design enables trainers to have rich training experience in various surgeries and different surgical environments, achieving the effect of rich training content and diverse training environments, which can effectively improve the trainers' surgical level.

Moreover, this design simulates the real surgical environment and reduces training costs.

At the same time, since the trainee can self-check and self-correct the training process through the vascular simulation system and self-evaluate according to the corresponding evaluation criteria in different trainings, this design also reduces the consumption of teaching staff and realizes autonomous learning. It should be noted that in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprises" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device that includes a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements that are not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

The above is only an embodiment of the present invention. The common sense such as the known specific structure and characteristics in the scheme is not described in detail here. The ordinary technicians in the relevant field know all the common technical knowledge in the technical field of the invention before the application date or priority date, can obtain all the existing technologies in the field, and have the ability to apply the conventional experimental means before that date. The ordinary technicians in the relevant field can improve and implement this scheme in combination with their own abilities under the enlightenment given by this application. Some typical known structures or known methods should not become obstacles for ordinary technicians in the relevant field to implement this application. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several deformations and improvements can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, which will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The protection scope required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims (10)

1. A urology lower urinary tract minimally invasive surgery training model, characterized in that it includes a bladder model, a prostate model, a urethra model and a controller, one end of the bladder model is threadedly connected to one end of the prostate model, and the other end of the prostate model is threadedly connected to the urethra model, and the bladder model is provided with a vascular simulation system for simulating vascular tissue, the vascular simulation system includes a plurality of pores opened in the bladder model and liquids in the pores, the pores are divided into arterial pores and venous pores, the liquid in the arterial pores is designed to be red, and the liquid in the venous pores is designed to be blue, and the density of the red liquid is greater than that of the blue liquid. 2. The urology lower urinary tract minimally invasive surgery training model according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the bladder model is composed of a simulated outer skin and a latex inner wall, the bladder model includes a bladder body, the bladder body is in the shape of a bladder, a bladder cover for adding simulated disease tissue is hinged on the bladder body, an inflatable bag is provided inside the bladder body and is connected to a first inflatable pump, and the input end of the first inflatable pump is signal-connected to the output end of the controller. 3. The urology lower urinary tract minimally invasive surgery training model according to claim 2 is characterized in that the prostate model is composed of a simulated outer skin and a latex inner wall, the prostate model includes a prostate body, and the prostate body is hinged with a prostate cover for adding simulated disease tissue. 4. The urology lower urinary tract minimally invasive surgery training model according to claim 3 is characterized in that an inflatable sleeve is provided in the urethra model and is connected to a second air pump, and the input end of the second air pump is signal-connected to the output end of the controller. 5. The urology lower urinary tract minimally invasive surgery training model according to claim 4, characterized in that the bladder body is provided with a urine inlet for adding a liquid simulating urine. 6. The urology lower urinary tract minimally invasive surgery training model according to claim 5 is characterized in that the simulated disease tissue includes plasticine for simulating prostate tumor tissue, latex for simulating prostate hyperplasia tissue and gravel for simulating stones. 7. A method for training lower urinary tract minimally invasive surgery in urology, characterized by comprising the following steps: Step 1, model assembly: the trainer assembles the bladder model, prostate model and urethra model through threads; Step 2, model adjustment: the instructor controls the first air pump and the second air pump through the controller to adjust the size of the bladder body and the urethra model to create surgical training in different environments for the trainees; Step 3, adding simulated disease tissue: The instructor then adds simulated disease tissue of the corresponding disease through the bladder cover or prostate cover to simulate different disease lesions; Step 4, surgical training: After completing model assembly, model adjustment and adding simulated disease tissue, the trainer selects different types of medical devices according to different lesions, and then selects medical devices of different specifications according to different sizes of urethra models and bladder bodies, and conducts bladder tumor electroresection training, bladder stone removal training, prostate hyperplasia electroresection and intraoperative bleeding emergency treatment training; Step 5: Surgical evaluation: The surgical level of the trainees is evaluated based on the training process and results of different trainings. 8. The urology lower urinary tract minimally invasive surgery training method according to claim 7, characterized in that: in step 4, the bladder tumor transurethral resection training process is: the trainee inserts the transurethral resection scope through the urethra model, extends it into the bladder body through the prostate model, and resects the simulated tumor tissue, and the bladder tumor transurethral resection technique is judged according to the tumor resection ratio in the bladder body after resection; The training process of bladder stone removal training is as follows: the trainee uses a clamp to reach into the bladder model through the urethra model and remove the broken stones; The training process of transurethral resection of prostate hyperplasia is as follows: the trainee inserts the transurethral resectoscope into the prostate cavity through the urethra model and removes the simulated hyperplastic prostate tissue; Emergency treatment training for intraoperative bleeding: The instructor cuts the vascular simulation system, and the trainee uses the electrocautery knife to treat the wound and perform electrocautery to stop bleeding at the cut. 9. The method for training lower urinary tract minimally invasive surgery in urology according to claim 8, characterized in that: in step 5, the methods of surgical evaluation are different. The bladder tumor transurethral resection training evaluates the bladder tumor transurethral resection technique according to the tumor resection ratio in the bladder body after resection. The bladder tumor resection part less than 80% of the total bladder tumor volume is judged as unqualified, the bladder tumor resection part greater than 80% and less than or equal to 90% of the total bladder tumor volume is judged as qualified, the bladder tumor resection part greater than 90% and less than or equal to 95% of the total bladder tumor volume is judged as good, and the bladder tumor resection part greater than 95% and less than or equal to 100% of the total bladder tumor volume is judged as excellent; Bladder stone removal training: The bladder stone removal technique is judged according to the removal of the lithotripsy. Bladder stone removal is judged as unqualified if the number of bladder stones removed is less than 80% of the total number of bladder stones. Bladder stone removal is judged as qualified if the part of bladder stones removed is greater than 80% and less than or equal to 90% of the total number of bladder stones. Bladder stone removal is judged as good if the part of bladder stones removed is greater than 90% and less than or equal to 95% of the total number of bladder stones. Bladder stone removal is judged as excellent if the part of bladder stones removed is greater than 95% and less than or equal to 100% of the total number of bladder stones. Prostate hyperplasia transurethral resection training is based on the prostate hyperplasia resection ratio after resection to judge the prostate hyperplasia transurethral resection technique. If the prostate hyperplasia resection portion is less than 80% of the total prostate hyperplasia volume, it is judged as unqualified; if the prostate hyperplasia resection portion is greater than 80% of the total prostate hyperplasia volume and less than or equal to 90%, it is judged as qualified; if the prostate hyperplasia resection portion is greater than 90% and less than or equal to 95% of the total prostate hyperplasia volume, it is judged as good; if the prostate hyperplasia resection portion is greater than 95% and less than or equal to 100% of the total prostate hyperplasia volume, it is judged as excellent; Intraoperative bleeding emergency treatment training judges the intraoperative bleeding emergency treatment technology based on the hemostasis situation. If there is no bleeding after electrocautery, it is judged as qualified. If there is still bleeding after electrocautery, it is judged as unqualified. 10. The urology lower urinary tract minimally invasive surgery training method according to claim 9 is characterized in that: in step 1, the model assembly can simulate the lower urinary tract models of different patient genders according to the training needs. To simulate a male patient, the bladder model, prostate model and urethra model are connected in sequence; to simulate a female patient, the bladder model and urethra model are connected.