CN110767057B - A highly realistic and detachable cervical cerclage simulation teaching model and teaching method - Google Patents
A highly realistic and detachable cervical cerclage simulation teaching model and teaching method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 210000004204 blood vessel Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000013013 elastic material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 210000000664 rectum Anatomy 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 210000004291 uterus Anatomy 0.000 claims description 33
- 210000003679 cervix uteri Anatomy 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 210000001215 vagina Anatomy 0.000 claims description 14
- 210000003708 urethra Anatomy 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000151 anti-reflux effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007901 soft capsule Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007779 soft material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 abstract description 23
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 208000006399 Premature Obstetric Labor Diseases 0.000 description 4
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- 206010011732 Cyst Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000034693 Laceration Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000005107 Premature Birth Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010036590 Premature baby Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 206010056738 Uterine cervical laceration Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010070693 Vascular dissection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000019065 cervical carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B23/28—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine
- G09B23/281—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine for pregnancy, birth or obstetrics
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种逼真度高、可拆卸的宫颈环扎术模拟教学模型及教学方法。所述模型设有仿皮肤体、仿膀胱体、仿子宫体、仿宫颈体、仿阴道体和仿直肠体，所述仿宫颈体包括宫颈体安装基座和宫颈体本体，所述宫颈体安装基座为弹性材质，位于所述仿子宫体下方，所述宫颈体本体的3点及9点位置均埋置充盈红色液体的模拟血管，所述模拟血管是可拆卸的。本发明弥补了宫颈环扎术模拟教学模型的空白，有助于高逼真的模拟宫颈环扎术，且部件可拆卸，使用简便，而且适用于不同的临床状况、满足宫颈环扎不同手术方式教学培训的需求。
The present invention provides a highly realistic and detachable cervical cerclage simulation teaching model and teaching method. The model is provided with an imitation skin body, an imitation bladder body, an imitation uterine body, an imitation cervical body, an imitation vaginal body and an imitation rectal body. The imitation cervical body includes a cervical body mounting base and a cervical body body. The cervical body mounting base is made of elastic material and is located below the imitation uterine body. Simulated blood vessels filled with red liquid are buried at the 3 o'clock and 9 o'clock positions of the cervical body body, and the simulated blood vessels are detachable. The present invention fills the gap in the cervical cerclage simulation teaching model, helps to simulate the cervical cerclage with high realism, and the parts are detachable, easy to use, and suitable for different clinical conditions and meet the needs of teaching and training of different surgical methods of cervical cerclage.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of medical teaching, in particular to a detachable cervical cerclage simulation teaching model with high fidelity and a teaching method.
Background
The occurrence rate of premature birth in China is about 7% -8%, about 117 ten thousand premature infants are born each year, and the premature infants have more complications and high death rate. Prevention of premature labor is an important point of clinical work in obstetrics, about two-thirds of premature labor is spontaneous premature labor, cervical cerclage is a surgical treatment to prevent spontaneous premature labor, but because of the relative lack of clinical opportunities, the surgical technique is not widely known by obstetricians. The medical simulation training is an effective method for high-efficiency training, and the high-fidelity model can achieve better training effect.
At present, no medical model specially used for cervical cerclage is available, but only a medical cervical model used for gynecological examination is available, but the existing medical model cannot meet the requirements of cervical cerclage teaching because 1, the cervical model is not embedded with vascular dissection, bladder and rectum dissection near the front and back of the cervical are not manufactured, the requirements of cervical cerclage teaching training in different operation modes cannot be met, the simulation clinical fidelity is poor, 2, the replacement of local components is inconvenient, the consumption of clinical teaching is high, the cost is high, 3, the cervical shape is single, different clinical conditions cannot be simulated, 4, the vaginal material elasticity is poor, and the requirement of cervical cerclage teaching needs to fully expand the vaginal exposure cervical dissection cannot be met.
The patent document CN201662925U, publication day 2010.12.01, discloses a training model for gynecological examination, which mainly comprises a lower half body model of an adult female, and is characterized in that the lower half body model of the adult female is from the upper part to the waist and from the lower part to the upper part of the thigh, a standard gynecological examination lithotomy position is obtained, a simulated skin of the model is made of soft PVC material and is highly simulated, a matrix of the model is made of hard PVC material, a simulated outer skin is sleeved outside the matrix, the model is provided with 5 simulated uterus, namely, a front inclined uterus, a rear inclined uterus, a pregnant uterus of 7-9 weeks, a pregnant uterus of 10-12 weeks and a pregnant uterus of 20 weeks, the simulated uterus is provided with accessories including ovaries and fallopian tubes, the model is also provided with 7 simulated cervix, namely, a normal cervix, a pregnant cervix, a menstrual woman, a cervical erosion cervix, a cervical carcinoma, a cervical inversion, a cervical gland cyst and a cervical polyp, the simulated cervix can be combined at will, screwed down and connected with a simulated cervix, the simulated vagina and a pubic bone are combined with each other, the simulated vagina and the simulated cervix can be screwed with a circular hole, and the simulated cervix and the diameter of the simulated cervix and the cervix are screwed together with the circular hole. The utility model has the beneficial effects that the simulated gynecological examination model is provided with the uterus and the cervix in different states, can perform conventional gynecological examination, can train and distinguish normal or pathological cervix and uterus, including palpation of pregnant uterus, and can be used for teaching demonstration and practice. However, the model cannot simulate the cervical form of the preventive cervical ligation and the cervical form of the outer protrusion of the emergency cervical ligation amniotic sac, and the design of each part is not suitable for cervical ligation high-fidelity simulation teaching.
Patent document CN101996513a, publication day 2011.03.30, discloses a simulation teaching model for the laceration of the cervix and the perineum of childbirth, examination and suturing, which comprises a hard simulation model at the hip position of a half human body and a soft profiling model integrated with the anus and the perineum, wherein the soft profiling model is attached between two profiling thighs of the hard simulation model, a profiling vaginal orifice and a profiling anal orifice are arranged in parallel from top to bottom in the middle of the soft profiling model, a profiling cervical body and a profiling rectal body are arranged at the inner side of the soft profiling model, the profiling rectal body is opposite to the profiling anal orifice, and the profiling cervical body is opposite to the profiling vaginal orifice. However, the purpose of this patent document is to provide a kind of structure is complete, maneuverability is strong, the dismouting is convenient, the model is stable, the appearance is clean and tidy and the effectual emulation teaching model that is used for giving birth to cervical laceration and perineum to cut, inspect, sew up, this model does not contain the cervical form that is used for the cervical ring to prick the art, can not satisfy the demand of the high lifelike simulation teaching of cervical ring to prick the art equally.
Patent document CN203038548U, publication day 2013.07.03, discloses a pericervical solid ring model consisting of uterus, vagina and fallopian tubes, ovaries, rectum, bladder, urethra, ureter, uterine artery, uterine vein, bladder vein and nerves located around the uterus. The patent document aims to provide a cervical surrounding three-dimensional ring model which is used for gynecological operation training, clinical teaching and scientific research, but the model also has the defects and is not suitable for cervical cerclage high-fidelity simulation teaching.
In summary, there is a need for a cervical ring ligation simulation teaching model, in particular to a cervical ring ligation simulation teaching model which has high fidelity, is detachable, is simple and convenient to use, can simulate different clinical conditions, meets the requirements of teaching and training in different operation modes of cervical ring ligation, and is beneficial to obtaining good teaching effects.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the cervical cerclage simulation teaching model is high in fidelity, detachable, simple and convenient to use, capable of simulating different clinical conditions, meeting the requirements of teaching and training in different operation modes of cervical cerclage and beneficial to obtaining good teaching effects.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a cervical ring binding simulation teaching method.
In order to achieve the first object, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the cervical cerclage simulation teaching model for simulating different clinical conditions is provided with a simulated skin body, wherein a simulated bladder body, a simulated uterus body, a simulated cervix body, a simulated vagina body and a simulated rectum body are arranged in the simulated skin body, the simulated cervix body comprises a cervical body mounting base and a cervical body, the cervical body mounting base is made of elastic materials and is positioned below the simulated uterus body, simulated blood vessels filled with red liquid are embedded in the positions of 3 points and 9 points of the cervical body, and the simulated blood vessels are detachable.
As a preferred example of the present invention, the cervical body is internally provided with a simulated blood vessel mounting cavity, the simulated blood vessel mounting cavity is opened at the upper end of the cervical body, the simulated blood vessel is in a soft capsule structure, the interior of the simulated blood vessel is red liquid of simulated blood, the simulated blood vessel is mounted in the simulated blood vessel mounting cavity, and the opening of the simulated blood vessel mounting cavity is sealed by a fourth sealing plug.
As another preferable example of the invention, the cervical body comprises a preventive cervical ring cervical body simulating the normal cervical of an adult female and an emergency cervical body provided with a through hole with the diameter of 2.5-3.5cm, wherein the artificial vaginal body is positioned below the cervical body mounting base and is opened in an external genitalia body, a cavity is formed in the artificial uterine body, a uterine body filling hole is formed in the top wall of the artificial uterine body, a second sealing plug is matched with the uterine body filling hole to seal the cavity of the artificial uterine body, the artificial uterine body is assembled in a plug-in manner, the artificial uterine body comprises an artificial uterine body first component positioned above and provided with a bump at the lower edge and an artificial uterine body second component positioned below and provided with a groove at the upper edge, the artificial uterine body is provided with an artificial amniotic sac body, the artificial vaginal body is of an elastic sac-shaped structure and is provided with a fixing part and a sac body, the caliber of the fixing part is smaller than that of the external genitalia body in an assembled state, the fixing part is outwards folded and is encircling the wall in the groove, the cavity is sealed in a near-inner part, the bump is embedded in the groove, and when the artificial uterine body is fully filled with the artificial uterine body and the urinary bladder fluid, and the artificial uterine body is fully filled with the artificial uterine body and the urinary bladder.
As another preferable example of the present invention, the outer diameters of the cervical ligation body and the emergency cervical ligation body are larger than the caliber of the middle of the cervical ligation body mounting base, and the cervical ligation body and the emergency cervical ligation body are assembled in a jogged mode.
As another preferable example of the invention, the bladder-imitating body is internally provided with a cavity, the top wall is provided with a bladder filling hole, the first sealing plug is matched with the bladder filling hole to seal the cavity of the bladder-imitating body, the lower end of the bladder-imitating body is fixed at the bottom of the skin-imitating body through a columnar bladder base, the bladder base is consistent with the direction of the urethra of an adult, the rectum-imitating body is internally provided with a cavity, the top wall is provided with a rectum filling hole, the third sealing plug is matched with the rectum filling hole to seal the cavity of the rectum-imitating body, the lower end of the rectum-imitating body is fixed at the bottom of the skin-imitating body through a columnar rectum base, and the rectum base is consistent with the direction of the rectum of the adult.
As another preferable example of the invention, the bladder-imitating body is of a detachable structure, the bladder base is fixed in a columnar bladder base mounting tube at the bottom of the skin-imitating body, the rectum-imitating body is of a detachable structure, and the rectum base is fixed in a columnar rectum base mounting tube at the bottom of the skin-imitating body.
As another preferred example of the present invention, the vaginal dummy is made of highly elastic silica gel.
As another preferable example of the invention, the cervical cerclage simulation teaching model is provided with a sealing cover, and the simulated skin body and the sealing cover are fastened through screws.
As another preferable example of the invention, the skin-like body and the sealing cover are made of hard materials, and the bladder-like body, the uterus-like body, the cervix-like body, the vagina-like body and the rectum-like body are made of soft materials.
In order to achieve the second purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A cervical ring ligation teaching method using the cervical ring ligation simulation teaching model as described above.
The invention has the advantages that:
The inventor of the application recognizes the lack of simulation training in the prior cervical cerclage teaching based on abundant clinical experience and teaching experience of cervical cerclage, and based on the sufficient research and summary of cervical cerclage operation, medical teaching model materials and structural design, the cervical cerclage simulation teaching model of the application is manufactured, the blank of the cervical cerclage simulation teaching model is made up, and the cervical cerclage simulation teaching model of the application has the following advantages in design:
1. The simulated blood vessels filled with red liquid are embedded at 3 points and 9 points of the simulated cervical body, and bleeding occurs when the suture position is inappropriately pricked to the simulated blood vessels during cervical cerclage simulation operation, so that clinical conditions are simulated in a high fidelity manner, and the memory of a learner on operation key points can be better enhanced;
2. the cervical imitation body is designed into a detachable movable component and comprises a preventive cervical ring cervical ligation body and an emergency cervical ligation body, and an elastic amniotic membrane imitation body which is convenient to assemble and disassemble is arranged in the cervical imitation body to be matched with the emergency cervical ligation body to simulate emergency cervical ring ligation, when preventive cervical ring ligation and different operation training of emergency cervical ligation are carried out, different components with different cervical forms can be selected, and whether the amniotic membrane imitation body is used or not can be selected, so that more detailed training on different operation skills under different clinical conditions can be realized;
3. Be equipped with imitative bladder body and imitative rectum body, simulate women's actual anatomy, in Shirodkar ring tie operation teaching, also can carry out the operation step of pushing up bladder and rectum when making things convenient for the student to simulate the training for the operation when simulating is finer, is closer to clinical practice, and the training effect of student is better. The bladder-like body and the rectum-like body are both provided with contents, are made of high-elasticity silica gel, are easy to push and break, simulate the actual bladder and rectum very realistically, and perform professional training on the force pushing up the bladder and rectum.
4. The imitated cervical body is a detachable movable assembly, and the imitated bladder body and the imitated rectum body are detachable, so that the local model can be replaced at will after the operation or local material loss which needs to be cut;
5. The high-elasticity material is used for simulating the expansibility of the vagina of a clinical female on the material of the imitated vagina body, so that the cervix can be fully exposed during vaginal speculum examination, and a good operation field is provided for students;
6. The cervical ring binding simulation teaching model has simple and ingenious structural design, and realizes realistic simulation of a human body.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the external architecture of a high fidelity, detachable cervical cerclage simulation teaching model of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a detachable cervical cerclage simulation teaching model with high fidelity in longitudinal section (i.e., sagittal section) of the cervical body mounting base and the cervical body in a detached state.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the simulated amniotic sac body in a disassembled state.
Fig. 4 is a partial enlarged view of a in fig. 2.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a high fidelity, detachable cervical ligation simulation teaching model in longitudinal section (i.e., sagittal plane) of the cervical body mounting base and the cervical body with preventative cervical ring ligation in an assembled state.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of a detachable cervical cerclage simulation teaching model with high fidelity in longitudinal section (i.e., sagittal section) of the cervical body mounting base and the emergency cerclage cervical body assembly state.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of a preventative cervical ring cervical body and an emergency ring cervical body.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the invention provides specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Reference numerals and components referred to in the drawings are as follows:
| External genitalia 1 | Imitation skin body 2 | Sealing cover 3 |
| Screw 4 | Bladder imitation 5 | Uterus imitation 6 |
| First component 61 of the simulated uterus | Bump 611 | Uterus imitation second component 62 |
| Groove 621 | Cervical imitation body 7 | Imitation vagina 8 |
| Imitation rectum 9 | First sealing plug 10 | Bladder base 11 |
| Second sealing plug 12 | Imitation amniotic sac body 13 | Fixing portion 131 |
| Pouch body 132 | Cervical body mounting base 71 | Cervical body 72 |
| Cervical ring cervical body 721 for preventing cervical ring ligation | Emergency cerclage cervical body 722 | Third sealing plug 14 |
| Rectal base 15 | Simulated blood vessel 16 | Bladder base mounting tube 17 |
| Imitation urethra 18 | Rectal base mounting tube 19 | Simulated vessel installation cavity 20 |
| Fourth sealing plug 21 | Anti-regurgitation valve 22 | Anus imitation body 23 |
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the external structure of a detachable cervical cerclage simulation teaching model with high fidelity according to the present invention. The cervical cerclage simulation teaching model imitates the lower half of an adult female, the cervical cerclage simulation teaching model extends to the waist and down to 1/3 of the thigh, a standard gynecological examination lithotomy position is provided with an imitated external genitalia 1, and a vaginal opening and a urinary tract opening are arranged at the imitated external genitalia 1.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic view of a detachable cervical cerclage simulation teaching model with high model fidelity in a longitudinal section (i.e., sagittal plane) of the cervical body mounting base and the cervical body in a detachable state. The cervical cerclage simulation teaching model is provided with a simulated skin body 2, the top surface of the cervical cerclage simulation teaching model is provided with a sealing cover 3, and the simulated skin body 2 and the sealing cover 3 are fastened through screws 4. The inside of the imitation skin body 2 is a cavity, and is provided with an imitation bladder body 5, an imitation uterus body 6, an imitation cervix body 7, an imitation vagina body 8 and an imitation rectum body 9. The inside of the imitated bladder body 5 is a cavity, a bladder filling hole is formed in the top wall, and the first sealing plug 10 is matched with the bladder filling hole to seal the cavity of the imitated bladder body 5. The lower end of the imitated bladder body 5 is fixed in a columnar bladder base mounting tube 17 at the bottom of the imitated skin body 2 through a columnar bladder base 11, the bladder base 11 is consistent with the trend of the adult urethra, the imitated urethra 18 is arranged in the bladder base 11, the upper end of the imitated urethra 18 is communicated with the cavity of the imitated bladder body 5, the lower end of the imitated urethra 18 is opened in the imitated external genitalia 1, and a Y-shaped anti-reflux valve 22 is arranged in the middle section of the imitated urethra 18. The interior of the uterus imitation body 6 is a cavity, a uterus injection hole is arranged on the top wall, and the second sealing plug 12 is matched with the uterus injection hole to seal the cavity of the uterus imitation body 6. The interior of the simulated uterus 6 is also provided with a simulated amniotic sac body 13, and the simulated amniotic sac body 13 is of a sac-shaped structure. The cervical body 7 comprises a cervical body mounting base 71 and a cervical body 72, the cervical body mounting base 71 is located below the cervical body 6, the caliber in the middle of the cervical body mounting base 71 is smaller than the inner diameter of the cervical body 6, and the cervical body mounting base 71 is made of elastic materials. The cervical body 72 comprises two kinds of cervical body 721 and an emergency cervical ring cervical body 722, the cervical body 721 imitates the cervical of a normal adult female, the cervical is closed, a through hole is arranged in the center of the emergency cervical body 722, and the diameter of the through hole is 2.5-3.5cm. The vagina-imitating body 8 is positioned below the cervical body mounting base 71 and is opened to the external genitalia-imitating body 1. The inside of the simulated rectum body 9 is a cavity, a rectum injection hole is arranged on the top wall, and the third sealing plug 14 is matched with the rectum injection hole to seal the cavity of the simulated rectum body 9. The lower end of the simulated rectum body 9 is fixed in a columnar rectum base mounting tube 19 at the bottom of the simulated skin body 2 through a columnar rectum base 15, and the middle section of the rectum base mounting tube 19 is provided with a transverse septum so as to form a simulated anus body 23 outside the simulated skin body 2. The rectal base 15 is oriented in line with the rectum of an adult.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic view of the amniotic membrane in a disassembled state. The simulated amniotic sac body 13 is of a sac-shaped structure, and is provided with a fixing portion 131 and a sac body 132, the simulated amniotic sac body 13 is made of silica gel and is elastic, the caliber of the fixing portion 131 is smaller than that of the sac body 132, and the thickness of the fixing portion 131 is larger than that of the sac body 132.
Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a partial enlarged view of a in fig. 2. The uterus imitation body 6 is assembled in a plug-in manner, and the uterus imitation body 6 comprises a first uterus imitation body component 61 positioned above and a second uterus imitation body component 62 positioned below. The body filling aperture is located on the simulated uterus first component 61. The lower edge of the first component 61 is a convex block 611, and the upper edge of the second component 62 is a concave groove 621. In the assembled state, the fixing portion 131 of the amniotic membrane-like sac body 13 is turned outwards, and is looped around the wall of the recess 621 near the interior of the uterus, and the protrusions 611 of the first uterine-like member 61 are embedded in the recess 621 of the second uterine-like member 62.
The skin-like body 2 and the sealing cover 3 are both made of hard materials, such as hard plastics. The bladder-like body 5, the uterus-like body 6, the cervix-like body 7, the vagina-like body 8 and the rectum-like body 9 are made of soft materials such as rubber and silica gel. Wherein, imitative vagina body 8 is made by high elasticity silica gel, imitative bladder body 5, imitative rectum body 9 are made by high elasticity silica gel. The bladder-like body 5 is filled with fluid, preferably liquid substance such as water, the rectum-like body 9 is filled with fluid or solid particles, preferably solid-liquid mixture, and the uterus-like body 6 is filled with fluid.
Referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a schematic view of a detachable cervical ring ligation simulation teaching model with high fidelity in a longitudinal section (i.e., sagittal section) of the cervical ring ligation body assembly state of the cervical ring ligation body mounting base and the preventive cervical ring ligation body according to the invention. The outer diameter of the cervical body 721 is larger than the caliber of the middle of the cervical body mounting base 71, the cervical body mounting base 71 is assembled in a jogged way, and the cervical body 721 is propped up by the cervical body 721.
Referring to fig. 6, fig. 6 is a schematic view of a detachable cervical cerclage simulation teaching model with high fidelity in a longitudinal section (i.e., sagittal section) of the cervical body mounting base and the emergency cerclage cervical body in an assembled state. The outer diameter of the emergency cerclage cervical body 722 is larger than the caliber in the middle of the cervical body mounting base 71, the emergency cerclage cervical body mounting base 71 is assembled in a jogged mode, and the emergency cerclage cervical body 722 is spread by the cervical body mounting base 71.
Referring to fig. 7, fig. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of the cervical body for preventative cervical ring ligation and the cervical body for urgent ring ligation. Four simulated blood vessels 16 filled with red liquid are respectively embedded in the 3-point and 9-point positions of the cervical ligation body 721 and the emergency cervical ligation body 722 of the preventive cervical ring, a simulated blood vessel mounting cavity 20 is arranged in the cervical ligation body 721 and the emergency cervical ligation body 722 of the preventive cervical ring, the simulated blood vessel mounting cavity 20 is opened at the upper ends of the cervical ligation body 721 and the emergency cervical ligation body 722 of the preventive cervical ring, the simulated blood vessels 16 are of long soft capsule structures, red liquid of simulated blood is arranged in the simulated blood vessel mounting cavity 20, and the opening of the simulated blood vessel mounting cavity 20 is sealed by a fourth sealing plug 21.
In this context, the terms "upper", "lower", "top" and "bottom" are all directions based on the view angle of the drawings.
Aiming at the blank in the prior art, the invention provides a detachable cervical cerclage simulation teaching model with high fidelity. The simulated blood vessel 16 filled with red liquid is embedded at the 3 points and the 9 points of the simulated cervical body 7, and if the suture position is inappropriately pricked to the simulated blood vessel 16 during cervical cerclage simulation operation, the abnormal increase of bleeding occurs, the clinical situation is simulated with high fidelity, and the memory of a learner on the key points of the operation can be better strengthened. The simulated blood vessel 16 is removable, thus facilitating replacement after breakage. The cervical body 72 is designed to be a detachable movable component, and comprises a preventive cervical ring cervical body 721 and an emergency ring cervical body 722, and an elastic simulated amniotic sac body which is convenient to assemble and disassemble is arranged in the simulated cervical body to be matched with the emergency ring cervical body to simulate emergency cervical ring binding, when different surgical training of preventive cervical ring binding and emergency ring binding is carried out, different components with different cervical forms can be selected, and whether the simulated amniotic sac body is used or not can be selected, so that more refined training is carried out on different surgical skills under different clinical conditions, and meanwhile, for a surgery needing cutting, a local model can be replaced at will after local material loss. The simulated teaching model for cervical cerclage is provided with the simulated bladder body 5 and the simulated rectum body 9, and simulates female actual anatomy, and in Shirodkar cerclage operation teaching, the operation steps of pushing up the bladder and the rectum can be conveniently performed during simulated training of students, so that the operation during simulation is more refined, the clinical practice is more similar, and the training effect of the students is better. The bladder-like body 5 and the rectum-like body 9 are both provided with contents, are easy to push and break, simulate the actual bladder and rectum very realistically, and perform professional training aiming at the force of pushing up the bladder and rectum. The intermediate section of the simulated urethra 18 is provided with a Y-shaped anti-reflux valve 22 so that the contents normally do not flow out of the simulated urethra 18, and the simulated urethra 18 is not occluded, and does not interfere with the use of a metal catheter to probe the bladder site prior to the simulated operation. The bladder-imitating body 5 and the rectum-imitating body 9 are designed to be replaceable, so that the bladder-imitating body is convenient to replace partially after being damaged due to improper operation, and the bladder-imitating body is in insertion-type excessively tight fit with the bladder base mounting tube 17 and the rectum base mounting tube 19 at the bottom of the skin-imitating body 2, so that the fixing mode is simple. The simulated uterus 6 is designed into an upper structure and a lower structure, the simulated amniotic sac 13 is designed into a structure with smaller upper caliber and larger elasticity, the simulated amniotic sac 13 can be fixed and replaced after being damaged, and the operation is simple. The caliber in the middle of the cervical body mounting base 71 is smaller than the outer diameter of the cervical body 72, so that the cervical body mounting base 71 can be fixed in a jogged mode, the operation is simple and convenient, soft and elastic silica gel is preferably adopted for the cervical body mounting base 71, after the cervical body mounting base 71 is jogged with the cervical body 72, the cervical body mounting base 71 is extruded and expanded, the cervical body mounting base and the cervical body 72 integrally form the cervical simulating body 7, the cervical simulating body is similar to the elasticity of an actual adult cervical, the hand feeling is similar to that of an actual tissue during stitching, the fidelity is high, and the practice effect is better. The vaginal imitation body 8 is made of high-elasticity materials to simulate the expansibility of a clinical female vagina, so that the cervix can be fully exposed during vaginal speculum examination, and a good operation field is provided for students.
Cervical cerclage is mainly divided into preventive cervical cerclage and emergency cerclage according to operation time, the operation mainly comprises McDonald operation and Shirodkar operation, free bladder is not needed in the operation, purse string suture cerclage is carried out at cervical-vaginal juncture, free bladder cervical gap and rectal-vaginal gap are needed in the operation, subcutaneous suture is carried out at an inner opening near the cervix, and the cerclage position is higher than that of McDonald operation.
The step of performing preventive cervical ring ligation McDonald operation training by using the cervical ring ligation simulation teaching model comprises the steps of using a model without injecting simulated urine and feces, expanding a simulated vagina body 8 by a vaginal dilator so as to embed a preventive cervical ring ligation cervical body 721 into a cervical body mounting base 71, removing the vaginal dilator, starting formal operation, expanding the simulated vagina body 8 by the vaginal dilator, fully exposing the simulated cervix body 7, slightly clamping by cervical forceps, pulling down at 3, 6, 9 and 12 points of the cervix, taking out the needle from the 1-2 point of the simulated cervix body 7 at the position close to the inner opening level of the simulated cervix body 7, taking out the needle from the 7-11 point of the needle, taking out the needle from the 7-8 point of the needle, taking out the needle from the 4-5 point of the needle, taking out the needle from the 1-2 point of the needle, checking whether red liquid flows out or not, and if the red liquid flows out, the operation is not correctly described.
The cervical ring ligation Shirodkar is performed by using a model injected with simulated urine and feces, a vaginal dilator is used for dilating the simulated vaginal body 8, the simulated cervical body 722 is embedded into the cervical body mounting base 71, the vaginal dilator is removed, the sealing cover 3 is opened, the simulated uterine body 6 is fully filled with contents, at the moment, the simulated amniotic sac body 13 is fully opened, the lower end protrudes out of a through hole of the simulated cervical body 722, the sealing cover 3 is fixed, then formal operation is started, the simulated vaginal body 8 is dilated by using the vaginal dilator, the simulated cervical body 7 is fully exposed, the simulated amniotic sac body 13 is pushed up, the front and rear lips of the clamp are pulled outwards, the front lip mucosa of the cervical is transversely cut, the simulated cervical body 5 is pushed up, the rear lip mucosa of the cervical is cut, the simulated cervical body 9 is pushed up, the needle is inserted from front to back to cut and is knotted out from back to front, the simulated cervical body 6 is continuously stitched, if red liquid is filled into the uterine body, if the red liquid is filled into the simulated vaginal body, and if the simulated vaginal body is not immersed in the cervical body 6, and if the simulated vaginal body is immersed in the cervical body is not immersed in the cervical body, and if the vaginal body is not immersed in the cervical body, and if the simulated vaginal body is not immersed in the cervical body is completely.
The method for carrying out urgent cerclage McDonald operation training and preventive cerclage Shirodkar operation training by using the cervical cerclage simulation teaching model is basically the same.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that modifications and additions may be made to those skilled in the art without departing from the method of the present invention, which modifications and additions are also to be considered as within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The detachable cervical cerclage simulation teaching model with high fidelity is characterized by comprising a simulated skin body, wherein a bladder-like body, a uterus-like body, a cervix-like body, a vagina-like body and a rectum-like body are arranged in the simulated skin body; the cervical simulating body comprises a cervical body mounting base and a cervical body, wherein the cervical body mounting base is made of elastic materials and is positioned below the cervical simulating body, simulated blood vessels filled with red liquid are embedded at the 3 point and the 9 point of the cervical body, the simulated blood vessels are detachable, the cervical body is internally provided with a simulated blood vessel mounting cavity, the simulated blood vessel mounting cavity is opened at the upper end of the cervical body, the simulated blood vessel is of a soft capsule structure, the interior is of red liquid simulating blood, the simulated blood vessel is mounted in the simulated blood vessel mounting cavity, an opening of the simulated blood vessel mounting cavity is sealed by a fourth sealing plug, the cervical body comprises a preventive cervical penetrating body with a diameter of 2.5-3.5cm and an emergency ring penetrating cervical body with a diameter of 2.5-3.5cm, the simulated vaginal body is positioned below the cervical body mounting base and is opened at the lower part of the cervical simulating body, the upper part of the cervical body is provided with an injection hole, the first sealing plug is arranged at the upper part of the cervical simulating body, the cervical body is provided with a sealing bag, the upper part is provided with a sealing hole, the upper part of the cervical bag is provided with a sealing hole, the sealing part is arranged at the upper part of the cervical bag is provided with a sealing bag, the sealing part is provided with the sealing part, the fixed part is turned outwards and is hooped on the wall of the groove near the uterus in an assembled state, the protruding block is embedded in the groove, when the simulated uterus is filled with contents, the simulated amniotic sac body is fully opened, the lower end of the simulated amniotic sac body protrudes towards a through hole of the emergency cerclage body, the simulated bladder body is provided with a simulated urethra which is opened in the simulated external genitalia body, an anti-reflux valve is arranged in the simulated urethra, fluid or solid particles are filled in the simulated bladder body and the simulated rectum body, the simulated bladder body is internally provided with a cavity, the top wall is provided with a bladder injection hole, the first sealing plug is matched with the cavity of the simulated bladder body, the lower end of the simulated bladder body is fixed at the bottom of the simulated skin body through a columnar bladder base, the bladder base is consistent with the trend of an adult, the simulated rectum is arranged on the top wall, the third sealing plug is matched with the cavity of the simulated rectum body, the lower end of the simulated rectum body is fixed at the bottom of the simulated skin base through the rectum, and the direction of the simulated rectum base is consistent with the direction of the rectum base.
2. The cervical ligation simulation teaching model according to claim 1, wherein the outer diameters of the preventive cervical ligation body and the emergency cervical ligation body are larger than the caliber of the middle of the cervical ligation body mounting base, and the preventive cervical ligation body and the emergency cervical ligation body are assembled in a jogged mode.
3. The cervical cerclage simulation teaching model of claim 2, wherein the bladder-simulating body is of a detachable structure, the bladder base is fixed in a columnar bladder base mounting tube imitating the bottom of the skin body, the rectum-simulating body is of a detachable structure, and the rectum base is fixed in a columnar rectum base mounting tube imitating the bottom of the skin body.
4. The cervical cerclage simulation teaching model of claim 1, wherein the simulated vagina is made of highly elastic silica gel.
5. The cervical cerclage simulation teaching model according to claim 1, wherein the cervical cerclage simulation teaching model is provided with a sealing cover, and the skin-like body and the sealing cover are fastened through screws.
6. The cervical cerclage simulation teaching model according to claim 1, wherein the simulated skin body and the sealing cover are made of hard materials, and the simulated bladder body, the simulated uterus body, the simulated cervix body, the simulated vagina body and the simulated rectum body are made of soft materials.
7. A cervical ligation teaching method, characterized in that a cervical ligation simulation teaching model according to any of claims 1-6 is used.
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