CN118231963B

CN118231963B - Bipolar battery, battery system and battery system temperature control device

Info

Publication number: CN118231963B
Application number: CN202410178621.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 彭军文; 杨刚
Original assignee: Shenzhen Tev Energy Co ltd
Current assignee: Shenzhen Tev Energy Co ltd
Priority date: 2024-02-09
Filing date: 2024-02-09
Publication date: 2025-02-07
Anticipated expiration: 2044-02-09
Also published as: CN118231963A

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of new energy batteries, and provides a bipolar battery, a battery system and a battery system temperature control device, wherein the bipolar battery comprises: a conductive substrate, wherein the conductive substrate has a first surface and a second surface arranged oppositely in a first direction, wherein the first surface is coated with a positive electrode active material, and the second surface is coated with a negative electrode active material to form a bipolar pole piece; the conductive substrate is penetrated between the first surface and the second surface to form a channel, and the channel is used to heat or cool the conductive substrate; a frame is arranged along the periphery of the bipolar pole piece and seals the bipolar pole piece; the frame has two side surfaces arranged oppositely in a second direction, and the two ends of the channel extend to the two side surfaces respectively and form two openings connected to the outside. The fluid can flow in from the opening at one end of the channel and flow out from the opening at the other end, thereby penetrating the entire channel and then exchanging heat with the conductive substrate.

Description

Bipolar battery, battery system and battery system temperature adjusting device

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of new energy batteries, in particular to a bipolar battery, a battery system and a battery system temperature adjusting device.

Background

The bipolar battery comprises a conductive substrate, and a first electrode plate and a second electrode plate coated on two sides of the conductive substrate, wherein the first electrode plate is made of positive electrode materials, and the second electrode plate is made of negative electrode materials. The bipolar battery has the characteristics of short conductive path and larger contact area of the anode and the cathode, so that the bipolar battery can be charged and discharged with higher current, and the utilization rate of active substances is improved.

Bipolar batteries, when operated, generate a lot of heat, which affects the life of the battery, and therefore require a heat dissipation design. The current bipolar battery is unreasonable in structural design, so that the bipolar battery is poor in heat dissipation effect through the shell, heat of the bipolar battery is difficult to dissipate to air, and the service life of the bipolar battery is shortened. And in other operating scenarios, such as northern winter, it is also necessary to preheat the battery to improve its performance.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the application provides a bipolar battery, a battery system and a battery system temperature regulating device. The bipolar battery includes:

The device comprises a conductive substrate, a bipolar pole piece, a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein the conductive substrate is provided with a first surface and a second surface which are oppositely arranged in a first direction, the first surface is coated with a positive electrode active material, and the second surface is coated with a negative electrode active material to form the bipolar pole piece;

the frame is arranged along the periphery of the bipolar pole piece and seals the bipolar pole piece, the frame is provided with two side faces which are oppositely arranged in the second direction, and two ends of the channel respectively extend to the two side faces and form two openings communicated with the outside.

In one possible implementation manner, the conductive substrate comprises two current collectors which are stacked and combined along the first direction, opposite surfaces of the two current collectors are recessed relatively to form first grooves, and projections of the two first grooves which are arranged oppositely in the first direction are overlapped to form the channel.

In one possible embodiment, the first grooves are equally spaced on the current collector.

In one possible implementation manner, the first surface and/or the second surface is provided with a second groove, the number of the first groove and the second groove is multiple, and the projections of the first groove and the second groove in the first direction are staggered.

In one possible implementation manner, the conductive substrate is provided with a plurality of channels which are arranged at intervals, the channels are configured to pass through air or heat exchange liquid, the channels are in a converging trend at a first end, and the parts of the channels extending from the first end to a second end are in a diverging trend.

In one possible embodiment, the side surface protrudes at the first end to form a clamping portion.

In one possible embodiment, the channel is linear or non-conforming in shape at a portion distal from the first end.

In one possible embodiment, the frame is formed by stacking a plurality of frame units, and the frame units are provided with liquid injection holes.

In one possible embodiment, the conductive substrate is a metal piece, and at least one of a nickel layer, a carbon layer, and a titanium layer is coated on the surface of the current collector constituting the channel.

The application also provides a battery system comprising a plurality of groups of bipolar batteries, wherein the bipolar batteries are constructed as the bipolar batteries.

The application also provides a battery system temperature adjusting device which is used for adjusting the temperature of the battery system and comprises a heat exchanger, wherein a fluid outlet of the heat exchanger is in butt joint with the channel.

Compared with the prior art, the bipolar battery has the beneficial effects that the bipolar battery comprises the conductive substrate and the frame, wherein the conductive substrate is communicated between the first surface and the second surface to form a channel, and two ends of the channel respectively extend to two side surfaces of the frame and form two openings communicated with the outside. Therefore, air (including hot air and normal temperature air) or cooling liquid can flow in from one end opening of the channel and flow out from the other end opening, so as to penetrate through the whole channel, and further take away heat at the conductive substrate or heat the conductive substrate. The arrangement of the channels not only increases the surface area of the conductive substrate and improves the heat exchange area of the conductive substrate and air, but also ensures that fluid can completely pass through the conductive substrate due to the open design of the two ends of the conductive substrate, thus the channels also provide favorable conditions for convective heat dissipation and preheating of the conductive substrate.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a bipolar battery with a casing and a flow deflector removed to expose a portion of a conductive substrate;

FIG. 2 shows a first angular schematic view of a single conductive substrate;

FIG. 3 shows a second angular schematic view of a single conductive substrate;

FIG. 4 shows a partial enlarged view at A in FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 shows a partial enlarged view at B in FIG. 2;

FIG. 6 shows a schematic structural view of a single frame unit;

Fig. 7 shows a partial cross-sectional view of a conductive substrate in a first direction;

Fig. 8 shows a schematic diagram of the battery system temperature adjustment device when the battery system is cooled by air.

Description of main reference numerals:

100. The conductive substrate, 110, the first surface, 120, the second surface, 130, the channel, 131, the first end, 132, the second end, 140, the current collector, 150, the first groove, 160, the second groove, 200, the frame, 210, the liquid injection hole, 220, the frame unit, 230, the clamping part, 300, the positive electrode active material, 400, the negative electrode active material, 500, the diaphragm, 600, the fan, 610, the exhaust opening, 700 and the battery system.

Detailed Description

Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise.

In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed, mechanically connected, electrically connected, directly connected, indirectly connected via an intervening medium, or in communication between two elements or in an interaction relationship between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.

In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "up" or "down" a second feature may be the first and second features in direct contact, or the first and second features in indirect contact via an intervening medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature may be a first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is level higher than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature may be the first feature being directly under or obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is less level than the second feature.

Example 1

Bipolar batteries, when operated, generate a large amount of heat, which affects the life of the battery, causing thermal runaway, and therefore require a heat dissipation design. The current bipolar battery is unreasonable in structural design and poor in heat dissipation effect, so that heat of the bipolar battery is difficult to dissipate to air. In addition, the battery needs to be preheated before operation to improve its operation performance.

In order to solve the problem that in the prior art, the heat dissipation efficiency of a shell is poor due to unreasonable structure, the embodiment of the application provides a bipolar battery, and the heat dissipation part is reasonably arranged to strengthen the convective heat exchange between fluid and the bipolar battery, so that the heat dissipation efficiency or the cooling effect of the bipolar battery is improved, and the battery can be preheated before working.

Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a bipolar battery, which includes a conductive substrate 100 and a frame 200, wherein most of the structure of the conductive substrate 100 is enclosed by the frame 200, and only a portion for dissipating heat is exposed from the frame 200.

Referring to fig. 2 to 4, the conductive substrate 100 has a first surface 110 and a second surface 120 opposite to each other in a first direction, the first surface 110 is coated with a positive active material 300, the second surface 120 is coated with a negative active material 400 to form a bipolar electrode sheet, and the conductive substrate 100 is penetrated between the first surface 110 and the second surface 120 to form a channel 130 for heating or cooling the conductive substrate. Specifically, the conductive substrate 100 has a substantially plate-like structure, and the first direction is the thickness direction of the bipolar battery and the conductive substrate 100, and the dimension of the conductive substrate 100 in the thickness direction is significantly smaller than the dimensions in other directions. The first surface 110 and the second surface 120 occupy most of the surface area of the conductive substrate 100 for fully coating and conducting the heat generated by the positive and negative electrode active materials 400, and the heat generated on both sides of the conductive substrate 100 can be dissipated through the channels 130 because the channels 130 are located between the first surface 110 and the second surface 120.

The frame 200 is disposed along the periphery forming the bipolar electrode sheet and sealed to form the bipolar electrode sheet, and the frame 200 is provided with liquid injection holes 210 in its periphery allowing the electrolyte to flow into both side regions of the conductive substrate 100. The frame 200 has two opposite sides in the second direction, and the two sides are provided with openings matched with the channel 130, and two ends of the channel 130 extend to the two sides respectively and are communicated with the outside through the openings on the sides. In some embodiments, the frame 200 has a rectangular structure, and the second direction is a length direction of the frame 200 and is perpendicular to the first direction.

Referring to fig. 2 to 4, since the ends of the channels 130 form openings on two opposite sides of the bipolar battery, the two openings are not on the first and second surfaces 110 and 120 and are not blocked by the frame 200 or the anode and cathode active materials 400. Air (including hot air and normal temperature air) or heat exchange liquid can flow in from one end opening of the channel 130 and flow out from the other end opening, so as to penetrate the whole channel 130, and further take away heat at the conductive substrate 100 or heat the conductive substrate. The arrangement of the channels 130 not only increases the surface area of the conductive substrate 100 and improves the heat exchange area between the conductive substrate 100 and the air, but also allows the fluid to completely pass through the conductive substrate 100 due to the open design of the two ends of the conductive substrate 100, so that the channels 130 provide favorable conditions for convective heat dissipation and preheating of the conductive substrate 100.

In alternative embodiments, the conductive substrate 100 may be a circular, trapezoidal or other shaped plate, or alternatively, the conductive substrate 100 may not be a plate, so as not to have a significant thickness direction.

Referring to fig. 4, in some embodiments, a bipolar battery has a plurality of conductive substrates 100 stacked and spaced apart in a first direction, the conductive substrates 100 and positive and negative active materials 400 applied thereto constitute a single battery cell, and adjacent battery cells are spaced apart by a separator 500. Specifically, the battery active materials coated on the opposite surfaces of the adjacent conductive substrates 100 are always different, so that both sides of all the separators 500 are respectively coated with the positive electrode active material 300 and the negative electrode active material 400, and the surfaces of the two conductive substrates 100 at the extreme edges in the first direction are respectively coated with the positive electrode active material 300 and the negative electrode active material 400. In addition, projections of the plurality of conductive substrates 100 and the plurality of battery cells in the first direction overlap to form a plate-like battery structure.

Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 6, in some embodiments, the frame 200 is formed by stacking a plurality of frame units 220, and the frame units 220 are provided with liquid injection holes 210, and each battery unit is correspondingly provided with a liquid injection hole 210.

Referring to fig. 5 and 7, the shaded and white portions in fig. 7 represent two current collectors 140 combined together, respectively, and in some embodiments, the conductive substrate 100 includes two current collectors 140 stacked and combined along a first direction, and the opposite surfaces of the two current collectors 140 are relatively recessed to form a first recess 150, where the opposite recess refers to the opposite direction of the opposite surface recess, such as the opposite surface of one current collector 140 is recessed upward, and the opposite surface of the other current collector 140 combined therewith is recessed downward. The projections of the two first grooves 150 arranged opposite to each other in the first direction coincide to form the channel 130. Specifically, the two current collectors may be fixedly connected by welding or integrally forming.

The conductive substrate 100 is designed to be formed by combining two current collectors 140, which is beneficial to reducing the production cost of the conductive substrate 100. It will be appreciated that the tooling costs for forming the channels 130 through the sides of the plate are significantly greater than for producing two fluted plates, and that the two current collectors 140 can be designed as identical shaped standard pieces, further reducing production costs.

In some preferred embodiments, the first recess 150 is a square groove, and two opposing concave square grooves form a rectangular-sectioned channel 130, which is provided because the conductive substrate 100 is also generally square, and providing the channel 130 with a rectangular cross-section facilitates uniform thickness of the conductive substrate 100, and in other alternative embodiments, the cross-sectional shape of the channel 130 may be modified, such as by providing it with a circular, oval, or other polygonal shape, to conform to the shape of the conductive substrate 100.

In some embodiments, the first grooves 150 are equally spaced on the current collector 140, so as to uniformly disperse heat into the channels 130 throughout the conductive substrate 100.

Referring to fig. 5 and fig. 7, in some embodiments, the first surface 110 and/or the second surface 120 are provided with a second groove 160, and the number of the first grooves 150 and the second grooves 160 is plural, and the projections of the first grooves and the second grooves in the first direction are staggered. The second grooves 160 serve to receive the positive electrode active material 300 or the negative electrode active material 400 to increase adhesion between the positive and negative electrode active materials 400 and the conductive substrate 100. The first grooves 150 and the second grooves 160 are arranged in a staggered manner, so that the conductive substrate 100 is favorable for radiating heat from different angles, the thickness of the whole conductive substrate 100 is also favorable for thinning, namely, the thickness of the whole conductive substrate 100 can be smaller than the sum of the depths of the first grooves 150 and the second grooves 160, the side surface of the conductive substrate 100 is in an S shape, the whole specific surface area of the conductive substrate 100 is favorable for improving, and the radiating effect of the conductive substrate 100 is improved.

In some alternative embodiments, the first groove 150 is adapted to the shape of the second groove 160. The second groove 160 is also a square groove if the first groove 150 is a square groove, and the second groove 160 is also a semicircular groove if the first groove 150 is a semicircular groove. By the arrangement, the current collector 140 can be conveniently punched on two sides of an original part forming the current collector 140 through the stamping parts with the same shape, so that the current collector 140 is formed, and the production cost is reduced.

Referring to fig. 2 and 3, in some alternative embodiments, a plurality of channels 130 are disposed in the conductive substrate 100 at intervals, and the channels are configured to pass air or heat exchange liquid (the heat exchange liquid refers to cooling liquid or liquid with a higher temperature than that of the battery, and the specific temperature is determined according to the purpose of heat dissipation or heating of the battery), the plurality of channels 130 are in a converging trend at the first end 131, and the portion of the plurality of channels 130 extending from the first end 131 to the second end 132 is in a diverging trend. It should be noted that, the diverging tendency of the channels 130 includes at least one of the following two meanings, in which the first meaning means that the spacing between the channels 130 gradually increases, and the first meaning means that the width of the channels 130 gradually increases.

It should be understood that a fan may be disposed at one end of the channel 130 to accelerate convective heat dissipation from the conductive substrate 100, where the first end 131 refers to the end of the fan that draws air into the channel 130 and the second end 132 refers to the end that draws air into the channel 130. The converging trend of the plurality of channels 130 at the first end 131 is beneficial to concentrating the wind power of the fan and improving the flow rate of air in the conductive substrate 100, and the diverging trend of the extending part of the plurality of channels 130 from the first end 131 to the second end 132 is beneficial to enabling the channels 130 to be distributed in all areas inside the conductive substrate 100 and enabling all areas of the conductive substrate 100 to dissipate heat through the channels 130. In other embodiments, the channel 130 may also be connected to a water circulating machine, which injects cooling water or hot water into the channel for the purpose of cooling and preheating the battery, respectively.

In some alternative embodiments, the sides of the frame 200 protrude on the side of the first end 131 to form the clip 230. The clamping part 230 is used for connecting and fixing the fan and the bipolar battery.

In some alternative embodiments, the channel 130 is linear or irregularly shaped at a portion distal from the first end 131. It will be appreciated that when the channel 130 is rectilinear, it is advantageous to maintain the air velocity of the air drawn into the channel 130, and if the channel 130 is helical, it is easy to reduce the air velocity of the drawn air due to the shielding by the conductive substrate 100.

In some preferred embodiments, the shape of the plurality of channels 130 may be designed differently, considering that the plurality of channels 130 need to converge at the first end 131. Referring to fig. 2, the channels 130 in the middle of the conductive substrate 100 are all linear, so that the air speed of the blown air is maintained to the maximum extent, the channels 130 on both sides of the conductive substrate 100 diverge from the first end 131 to the center of the conductive substrate 100 until all areas on the conductive substrate 100 are fully covered by the channels 130, and then the channels 130 on both sides of the conductive substrate 100 extend along a straight line toward the second end 132.

In some alternative embodiments, the conductive substrate 100 is a metal piece, and at least one of a nickel layer, a carbon layer, and a titanium layer is coated on the surface of the conductive substrate 100 constituting the channel 130.

Considering that the conductive substrate 100 is required to transfer the heat of the bipolar battery to the air, the conductive substrate 100 is preferably made of a metal member with a high thermal conductivity, such as copper, and the metal member can ensure a good structural strength. Further, a nickel layer or a carbon layer may be coated on the surface of the conductive substrate 100 constituting the constituent channel 130 to further improve heat dissipation efficiency.

The specific working principle of the device is that a fan is used for sucking air into the channel 130 at one side of the first end 131, the air (comprising hot air flow and normal temperature air) or cooling liquid can flow in from an opening at one end of the channel 130 and flow out from an opening at the other end, so that the device penetrates through the whole channel 130, and heat at the conductive substrate 100 is taken away or the conductive substrate is heated. The arrangement of the channels 130 not only increases the surface area of the conductive substrate 100 and improves the heat exchange area between the conductive substrate 100 and the air, but also allows the air to completely pass through the conductive substrate 100 due to the open design of the two ends of the conductive substrate 100, so that the channels 130 provide favorable conditions for convective heat dissipation and preheating of the conductive substrate 100.

Example two

Referring to fig. 8, the present embodiment provides a battery system 700 including a plurality of bipolar batteries configured as the bipolar battery of the first embodiment. In some preferred embodiments, the first ends of the several sets of bipolar batteries are all on the same side of the battery system 700 such that a single heat exchanger exchanges heat with multiple sets of bipolar batteries in unison.

Example III

Referring to fig. 8, the present embodiment provides a battery system temperature adjusting device for adjusting temperature of a battery system 700 in the second embodiment, the battery system temperature adjusting device includes a heat exchanger, and a fluid outlet of the heat exchanger is connected to a channel.

In some embodiments, the heat exchanger is a fan 600 (the fan 600 includes a hot air fan and a circulating fan, and the specific choice of which fan depends on the purpose of heat dissipation or heating of the battery), and the suction port 610 or the air outlet of the fan 600 is in butt joint with the channel. In a preferred embodiment, a single blower 600 has multiple suction ports 610 or outlets, enabling a single blower 600 to interface with all of the channels of more than two sets of battery systems 700.

In other embodiments, the heat exchanger is a water circulating machine that injects cooling water or hot water into the channels for purposes of cooling and preheating the battery, respectively. The present application is not limited to the structure of the heat exchanger as long as it can input fluid into the channels to generate heat exchange effect.

In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.

While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the invention, and that variations, modifications, alternatives and variations may be made to the above embodiments by one of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A bipolar battery, comprising:

A conductive substrate, wherein the conductive substrate has a first surface and a second surface arranged opposite to each other in a first direction, the first surface is coated with a positive electrode active material, and the second surface is coated with a negative electrode active material to form a bipolar pole piece; the conductive substrate is penetrated between the first surface and the second surface to form a channel, and the channel is used to heat or cool the conductive substrate;

A frame is arranged along the periphery of the bipolar pole piece and seals the bipolar pole piece; the frame has two side surfaces arranged opposite to each other in the second direction, and two ends of the channel extend to the two side surfaces respectively and form two openings communicating with the outside;

The conductive substrate comprises two current collectors stacked and combined along the first direction, the facing surfaces of the two current collectors are relatively recessed to form a first groove, and the projections of the two first grooves arranged opposite to each other in the first direction overlap to form the channel;

The first grooves are distributed on the current collector at equal intervals;

A second groove is disposed on the first surface and/or the second surface. The first groove and the second groove are both plural in number, and their projections in the first direction are interlaced with each other.

2. The bipolar battery according to claim 1 is characterized in that a plurality of spaced-apart channels are provided in the conductive substrate, and the channels are configured to pass air or heat exchange liquid; a plurality of the channels tend to converge at the first end, and a plurality of the channels extending from the first end to the second end tend to diverge.

3. The bipolar battery according to claim 2, characterized in that the side surface protrudes at the first end to form a clamping portion; and the channel is linear or irregular in shape at a portion away from the first end.

4. The bipolar battery according to claim 1, wherein the frame is composed of a plurality of stacked frame units, and the frame units are provided with injection holes.

5 . The bipolar battery according to claim 1 , wherein the conductive substrate is a metal piece, and at least one of a nickel layer, a carbon layer and a titanium layer is coated on the surface of the current collector constituting the channel.

6. A battery system, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of groups of bipolar batteries, wherein the bipolar batteries are constructed as the bipolar batteries described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

7. A battery system temperature control device, characterized in that it is used to control the temperature of the battery system described in claim 6, and the battery system temperature control device comprises a heat exchanger, and the fluid outlet of the heat exchanger is connected to the channel.