CN118104556B - Hydroponic tea tree cultivation method - Google Patents
Hydroponic tea tree cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN118104556B CN118104556B CN202410517933.1A CN202410517933A CN118104556B CN 118104556 B CN118104556 B CN 118104556B CN 202410517933 A CN202410517933 A CN 202410517933A CN 118104556 B CN118104556 B CN 118104556B
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- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 63
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- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims description 11
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- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010413 gardening Methods 0.000 claims description 9
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- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- PUKLDDOGISCFCP-JSQCKWNTSA-N 21-Deoxycortisone Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@@](C(=O)C)(O)[C@@]1(C)CC2=O PUKLDDOGISCFCP-JSQCKWNTSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- FCYKAQOGGFGCMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fulvic acid Natural products O1C2=CC(O)=C(O)C(C(O)=O)=C2C(=O)C2=C1CC(C)(O)OC2 FCYKAQOGGFGCMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000006468 Thea sinensis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000018660 ammonium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium molybdate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940010552 ammonium molybdate Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940038879 chelated zinc Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002509 fulvic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940095100 fulvic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- RYYVLZVUVIJVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caffeine Chemical compound CN1C(=O)N(C)C(=O)C2=C1N=CN2C RYYVLZVUVIJVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- LPHGQDQBBGAPDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isocaffeine Natural products CN1C(=O)N(C)C(=O)C2=C1N(C)C=N2 LPHGQDQBBGAPDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- VJEONQKOZGKCAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N caffeine Natural products CN1C(=O)N(C)C(=O)C2=C1C=CN2C VJEONQKOZGKCAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
- A01G31/06—Hydroponic culture on racks or in stacked containers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Hydroponics (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of tea tree cultivation, in particular to a water planting tea tree cultivation method, wherein a cultivation device comprises a mounting frame, a water planting device, a planting pot, a liquid adding pipe, a rotating device and a lifting device. Wherein the hydroponic device is installed and fixed on the mounting frame, the planting pot is placed on the hydroponic device, the liquid adding pipe is installed and fixed at any one end of the hydroponic device, the rotating device is fixedly installed with the hydroponic device, and the lifting device is fixedly installed with the planting pot. According to the invention, the water planting device is separated from the planting pot, and the rotating device and the lifting device are used for reducing the time of exposing the root system of the tea tree to the air to the greatest extent when the hydrogen-rich water is replaced, so that the problem of damage of tea seedlings caused by replacement of nutrient solution is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tea tree cultivation, in particular to a water planting tea tree cultivation method.
Background
The tea tree is selected from shrubs or small trees of Theaceae, thea, and has no twig hair. The leaves of the tea tree can be used for preparing tea (different from the tea tree), seeds can squeeze oil, the tea tree is fine in material quality, and the wood can be used for carving. The tea tree life is divided into seedling stage, juvenile stage, adult stage and aging stage. The tree age can reach two hundred years, but the economic age is 40-50 years generally. The traditional tea tree cultivation can be harvested in small quantity about three years after the cultivation, the period of full production is reached after ten years, and the tea tree starts to age after thirty years. With the development of plant factory technology, cultivation and production of various crops in a full-environment-control artificial light environment are currently realized. At present, most of tea tree cultivation is open field cultivation or substrate cultivation, in the existing cultivation technology, most of tea tree is open field cultivation, and related research reports indicate that tea tree can be cultivated indoors, but substrate cultivation is still adopted.
The prior art has the following disadvantages: 1. the open field cultivation has excessive uncontrollable factors, wherein light is taken as an important element for plant growth, and the open field cultivation cannot ensure the stability of illumination, so that stable and high-quality production cannot be formed;
2. The yield per unit area of open field cultivation is low, the land utilization rate is low, and the growth period is long;
3. the field planting diseases are more, and the problems of heavy metal pollution, pesticide residue and the like of soil exist.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a water planting tea tree cultivation method for solving the problems.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a water planting tea tree cultivation method comprises the following steps:
Step one: preparing tea seedlings;
Selecting tea tree seedlings with the height of more than 20cm and the thickness of more than 3mm, shaking off the root matrix of the tea tree seedlings, soaking the root matrix into a rooting agent for 10-15min, taking the tea tree seedlings out of the rooting agent, airing excessive water on a cotton-paved operating platform, and performing a field planting step.
Step two: planting tea seedlings;
Step 1: cultivating;
transferring the tea seedlings to a cultivation device for cultivation;
the cultivation device comprises a mounting frame, a water planting device, a planting pot, a liquid adding pipe, a rotating device and a lifting device.
Wherein the hydroponic device is installed and fixed on the mounting frame, the planting pot is placed on the hydroponic device, the liquid adding pipe is installed and fixed at any one end of the hydroponic device, the rotating device is fixedly installed with the hydroponic device, and the lifting device is fixedly installed with the planting pot.
According to the invention, the water planting device is separated from the planting pot, and the rotating device and the lifting device are used for reducing the time of exposing the root system of the tea tree to the air to the greatest extent when the hydrogen-rich water is replaced, so that the problem of damage of tea seedlings caused by replacement of nutrient solution is solved.
Preferably, the water planting device comprises a shell, an opening and closing door plate and a partition plate, wherein the shell is a cuboid with a hollow inside, the cross section of the shell is square, a first groove is formed in any corner of the square cross section of the shell, a second groove is further formed in the opposite corner of the square cross section of the shell, the first groove is identical to the second groove in shape and size, the partition plate is fixedly installed on the other two corners of the square cross section of the shell, which are not provided with the grooves, the partition plate is fixedly installed in a sealing mode, and the opening and closing door plate is fixedly installed at the edges of the first groove and the second groove and used for installing planting pots.
The cross section of the shell is square, the first groove is formed in any corner of the square cross section of the shell, the second groove is formed in the opposite corner of the corner, the first groove is identical to the second groove in shape and size, in use, the first groove is placed upwards, the second groove is placed downwards, and the first groove and the second groove are separated by the partition plate, so that hydrogen-rich water can be added into the second groove first when nutrient solution and hydrogen-rich water are replaced, then the lifting device lifts the planting pot, the water planting device is rotated by 180 degrees by the rotating device, the second groove is upwards, then the planting pot is put down by the lifting device, and the replacement of the hydrogen-rich water to the greatest extent is achieved.
Preferably, at any one end of the shell, a first liquid adding pipe and a second liquid adding pipe are fixedly arranged, wherein the first liquid adding pipe is arranged at the cavity of the first groove, the second liquid adding pipe is arranged at the cavity of the second groove, the liquid adding pipes and the shell are arranged in a sealing manner, and the liquid adding pipes are all hoses with adjustable lengths.
Preferably, the door plate comprises a door plate and a limiting pin, wherein one end of the door plate is connected with the shell through a hinge, the door plate is fixedly installed at the edges of the first groove and the second groove, at least one door plate is fixedly installed on each groove, a sealing rubber strip is arranged at the other end of the door plate, and the limiting pin is fixedly installed on the hinge so as to control the maximum opening and closing angle of the door plate.
The door plates are connected through the hinge, and the high-efficiency water drainage and the groove cleaning work can be realized by matching with the limiting pin, so that the efficiency is greatly improved.
Preferably, the planting density is 0.5cm at a plant-row spacing of 0.5cm
Step 2: shaping and trimming;
When the tea seedlings grow to 30cm in height and the main stem thickness reaches more than 4cm, performing first shaping pruning, and keeping 10-15cm side branches of the trunk without pruning; when the tea tree grows to 45-50cm, performing secondary pruning, horizontally pruning trunks by using gardening scissors, keeping the trunk height to be 25-30cm, topping and pruning side branches, keeping the side branch height to be 30-35cm, and keeping the crown width to be 20-25cm; and thirdly, pruning when the tea tree grows to be more than 55cm, horizontally pruning the whole plant by using gardening scissors, and keeping the heights of trunks and side branches to be 45-50cm. 2 times of shaping pruning are needed before tea picking, the interval period is 30-40 days, light pruning is adopted, the main branches are horizontally pruned by using gardening scissors, the side branches are pruned from bottom to top in a 45-degree inclination mode, the plant height is kept at 40-50cm, and the crown width is 35-45cm.
Step three: setting an environment;
The environmental parameters during cultivation are as follows:
the growth temperature is 24-28 ℃ and the relative humidity is 80-90%. The CO 2 concentration was 800 ppm. The illumination condition after field planting is that the light quality ratio is red, blue and white 1:3:1, photoperiod 12h illumination/12 h darkness, and illumination intensity 140-160 mu mol/m 2.S.
The environmental parameters after shaping and trimming are as follows:
The growth temperature is 24-28 ℃ and the relative humidity is 80-90%. The CO 2 concentration was 800 ppm. The illumination condition after trimming is that the light quality ratio is red and blue 1:3, the light period is 14h light/10 h darkness, and the light intensity is 140-160 mu mol/m 2.S.
Step four: preparing a nutrient solution;
Wherein, the nutrient solution EC 2.0+/-0.2 and pH 6.0+/-0.5 is supplemented according to consumption every day after being prepared, and is replaced once a month.
Preferably, the nutrient solution is formulated as follows: 370-390 parts of potassium nitrate, 140-160 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 100-120 parts of magnesium sulfate, 540-580 parts of calcium nitrate, 25-35 parts of chelated iron, 2-3 parts of boric acid, 0.2-0.4 part of chelated zinc, 4-6 parts of chelated manganese, 0.1-0.2 part of chelated copper, 0.01-0.02 part of ammonium molybdate and 20-23 parts of fulvic acid.
Preferably, the nutrient solution is formulated as follows: 380.026 parts of potassium nitrate, 145 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 110.012 parts of magnesium sulfate, 547.051 parts of calcium nitrate, 30.69 parts of chelated iron, 2.56 parts of boric acid, 0.29 part of chelated zinc, 4.97 parts of chelated manganese, 0.15 part of chelated copper, 0.02 part of ammonium molybdate and 22.5 parts of fulvic acid
Step five: adding hydrogen-rich water;
The method comprises the steps of replacing nutrient solution once a month, applying hydrogen-rich water once during the replacement of the nutrient solution, wherein the dosage of each plant is 15-20 milliliters, adding hydrogen-rich water into a groove II through a liquid adding pipe II during the replacement, lifting a planting pot through a lifting device, rotating the hydroponic device by 180 degrees through a rotating device, then placing the planting pot into the groove II through the lifting device, and finally emptying the nutrient solution in the groove I.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. According to the invention, the cultivation device is used for cultivation, two non-communicated grooves are formed in the water planting device in the cultivation device and are respectively used for adding nutrient solution and hydrogen-rich water, and the planting pot is quickly replaced into different grooves through the rotating device and the lifting device, so that root damage caused by long-time exposure to air is reduced.
2. The invention adopts water planting to cultivate tea trees, solves the problems of heavy metal pollution, pesticide pollution and the like existing in soil cultivation, and a plant factory can provide an optimal growth environment for tea tree cultivation, shortens the growth period and improves the yield and quality. In the water planting cultivation of a plant factory, an optical system and a nutrient solution system are important planting parameters, if the factory water planting cultivation of tea trees is to be realized, an optimal optical formula suitable for the cultivation of the tea trees is required to be explored, and then the optimal optical formula and the corresponding nutrient solution are synergistic, so that the production benefit is greatly improved;
3. According to the invention, the LED lamps are adopted to replace sunlight in a plant factory, the illumination intensity is set to be 140-160 mu mol/m 2 & S, meanwhile, the hydroponic cultivation is carried out by improving the formula of the nutrient solution, the yield per unit area of the tea plant is greatly improved, the quality of the tea plant is greatly improved, the growth period is shortened, and the hydroponic cultivation of the tea plant in the plant factory is realized;
4. Compared with the traditional water planting nutrient solution, the invention uses the chelating agent in the selection of the raw materials of nutrient solution elements, and trace elements are not easy to solidify and are easier to be absorbed by crops after the chelating treatment, so that the effect is better.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of embodiments of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the application. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the steps of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a cultivation device according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a cultivation device according to the present invention.
In the figure, a 1-hydroponic device, a 11-shell, a 12-opening and closing door plate, a 13-partition plate, a 14-groove I, a 15-groove II, a 2-planting pot, a 3-liquid adding pipe I, a 4-liquid adding pipe II and a 5-rotating device are arranged.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the present application, a technical solution in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in which it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present application without making any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of the present application.
It should be noted that if the terms "first," "second," and the like are referred to in the description of the present application and the claims and the above figures, they are used for distinguishing between similar objects and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used may be interchanged where appropriate in order to describe the embodiments of the application herein. Furthermore, if the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
In the present application, if the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "middle", "vertical", "horizontal", "lateral", "longitudinal" and the like are referred to, the indicated azimuth or positional relationship is based on that shown in the drawings. These terms are only used to better describe the present application and its embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope of the indicated devices, elements or components to the particular orientations or to configure and operate in the particular orientations.
Also, some of the terms described above may be used to indicate other meanings in addition to orientation or positional relationships, for example, the term "upper" may also be used to indicate some sort of attachment or connection in some cases. The specific meaning of these terms in the present application will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
Further, in the present application, the terms "mounted," "configured," "provided," "connected," "sleeved," and the like are to be construed broadly if they relate to. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a removable connection, or a unitary construction; may be a mechanical connection, or an electrical connection; may be directly connected, or indirectly connected through intervening media, or may be in internal communication between two devices, elements, or components. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present application and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other. The application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments.
According to the method shown in fig. 1-3, a water planting tea tree cultivation method comprises the following steps:
Step one: preparing tea seedlings;
Selecting tea tree seedlings with the height of more than 20cm and the thickness of more than 3mm, shaking off the root matrix of the tea tree seedlings, soaking the root matrix into a rooting agent for 10-15min, taking the tea tree seedlings out of the rooting agent, airing excessive water on a cotton-paved operating platform, and performing a field planting step.
It is understood that rooting agents are prior art.
Step two: planting tea seedlings;
Step 1: cultivating;
Transferring the tea seedlings to a cultivation device for cultivation; according to the figures 2-3, the cultivation device comprises a mounting frame, a water planting device 1, a planting pot 2, a liquid adding pipe, a rotating device 5 and a lifting device.
Wherein the hydroponic device 1 is installed and fixed on the mounting frame, the planting pot 2 is placed on the hydroponic device 1, the liquid adding pipe is installed and fixed at any one end of the hydroponic device 1, the rotating device 5 is installed and fixed with the hydroponic device 1, and the lifting device is installed and fixed with the planting pot 2.
It will be appreciated that in the present embodiment, the rotation device 5 and the lifting device are of the prior art, that is, any device that can rotate the hydroponic apparatus 1 and lift the planting pot 2 can be replaced with the same.
It can be understood that the liquid adding pipe is a telescopic hose and has a certain elastic deformation amount, and when the hydroponic apparatus 1 rotates, the liquid adding pipe can rotate along with the water adding pipe without affecting the use of the water adding pipe.
In this embodiment, the mounting bracket is equipped with a plurality of to be equipped with the corresponding hydroponic device 1 of its quantity, plant basin 2, liquid feeding pipe, rotary device 5, elevating gear, form the cultivation mill, consequently, when changing nutrient solution and hydrogen-rich water, need spend a large amount of time, then the root system can expose in the time overlength in the air, leads to the root system damage.
According to the invention, the water planting device 1 is separated from the planting pot 2, and the rotating device 5 and the lifting device are used for reducing the time of exposing the root system of the tea tree to the air to the greatest extent when the hydrogen-rich water is replaced, so that the problem of damage to the tea tree seedlings caused by the replacement of the nutrient solution is solved.
In this embodiment, the hydroponic apparatus 1 includes a casing 11, an opening and closing door plate 12, and a partition 13, where the casing 11 is a cuboid with a hollow interior, the cross-section of the casing 11 is square, a first groove 14 is provided at any corner of the square cross-section of the casing 11, a second groove 15 is further provided at a diagonal corner of the corner, the first groove 14 and the second groove 15 have the same shape and size, the partition 13 is fixedly installed at two other corners of the square cross-section of the casing 11 without grooves, the installation manner is a sealed and fixed installation, and the opening and closing door plate 12 is fixedly installed at edges of the first groove 14 and the second groove 15 for installing the planting pot 2.
It can be understood that the cross-sectional shapes of the first groove 14 and the second groove 15 are equilateral trapezoids, so that the liquid is not easy to spill out during overturning, and can naturally flow out along with gravity during liquid exchange, and a water pump is not needed.
It will be appreciated that the seals are in accordance with the prior art, optionally with strips of sealing, integrally formed, etc.
The cross section of the shell 11 is square, the first groove 14 is formed in any corner of the square cross section of the shell 11, the second groove 15 is formed in the opposite corner of the corner, the first groove 14 and the second groove 15 are identical in shape and size, in use, the first groove 14 is placed upwards, the second groove 15 is placed downwards, the partition 13 separates the first groove 14 from the second groove 15, so that hydrogen-rich water can be added into the second groove 15 when nutrient solution and hydrogen-rich water are replaced, then the lifting device lifts the planting pot 2, the rotating device 5 rotates the hydroponic device 1 by 180 degrees, the second groove 15 is upwards, and then the lifting device lowers the planting pot 2, and replacement of the hydrogen-rich water to the greatest extent is achieved.
In this embodiment, at any end of the housing 11, the first liquid adding pipe 3 and the second liquid adding pipe 4 are installed and fixed, wherein the first liquid adding pipe 3 is located in the cavity where the first groove 14 is located, the second liquid adding pipe is located in the cavity where the second groove 15 is located, and the liquid adding pipes and the housing 11 are installed in a sealing manner, and the liquid adding pipes are all hoses with adjustable lengths.
In this embodiment, the door panel 12 includes a door panel and a limiting pin, wherein one end of the door panel is connected with the housing 11 through a hinge, the door panels are fixedly installed at the edges of the first groove 14 and the second groove 15, at least one door panel is fixedly installed on each groove, a sealing adhesive tape is arranged at the other end of the door panel, and the limiting pin is fixedly installed on the hinge to control the maximum opening and closing angle of the door panel.
It will be appreciated that the hinge connection of the door panels is also provided with a sealing structure, in this embodiment a sealing strip.
The door plates are connected through the hinge, and the high-efficiency water drainage and the groove cleaning work can be realized by matching with the limiting pin, so that the efficiency is greatly improved. According to the method shown in fig. 1, a full-environment-control artificial light plant factory water planting tea tree cultivation method comprises the following steps:
preferably, the planting density is 0.5cm at a plant-row spacing of 0.5cm
Step 2: shaping and trimming;
When the tea seedlings grow to 30cm in height and the main stem thickness reaches more than 4cm, performing first shaping pruning, and keeping 10-15cm side branches of the trunk without pruning; when the tea tree grows to 45-50cm, performing secondary pruning, horizontally pruning trunks by using gardening scissors, keeping the trunk height to be 25-30cm, topping and pruning side branches, keeping the side branch height to be 30-35cm, and keeping the crown width to be 20-25cm; and thirdly, pruning when the tea tree grows to be more than 55cm, horizontally pruning the whole plant by using gardening scissors, and keeping the heights of trunks and side branches to be 45-50cm. 2 times of shaping pruning are needed before tea picking, the interval period is 30-40 days, light pruning is adopted, the main branches are horizontally pruned by using gardening scissors, the side branches are pruned from bottom to top in a 45-degree inclination mode, the plant height is kept at 40-50cm, and the crown width is 35-45cm.
Step three: setting an environment;
The environmental parameters during cultivation are as follows:
the growth temperature is 24-28 ℃ and the relative humidity is 80-90%. The CO 2 concentration was 800 ppm. The illumination condition after field planting is that the light quality ratio is red, blue and white 1:3:1, photoperiod 12h illumination/12 h darkness, and illumination intensity 140-160 mu mol/m 2.S.
The environmental parameters after shaping and trimming are as follows:
The growth temperature is 24-28 ℃ and the relative humidity is 80-90%. The CO 2 concentration was 800 ppm. The illumination condition after trimming is that the light quality ratio is red and blue 1:3, the light period is 14h light/10 h darkness, and the light intensity is 140-160 mu mol/m 2.S.
Step four: preparing a nutrient solution;
Wherein, the nutrient solution EC 2.0+/-0.2 and pH 6.0+/-0.5 is supplemented according to consumption every day after being prepared, and is replaced once a month.
Preferably, the nutrient solution is formulated as follows: 370-390 parts of potassium nitrate, 140-160 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 100-120 parts of magnesium sulfate, 540-580 parts of calcium nitrate, 25-35 parts of chelated iron, 2-3 parts of boric acid, 0.2-0.4 part of chelated zinc, 4-6 parts of chelated manganese, 0.1-0.2 part of chelated copper, 0.01-0.02 part of ammonium molybdate and 20-23 parts of fulvic acid.
Preferably, the nutrient solution is formulated as follows: 380.026 parts of potassium nitrate, 145 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 110.012 parts of magnesium sulfate, 547.051 parts of calcium nitrate, 30.69 parts of chelated iron, 2.56 parts of boric acid, 0.29 part of chelated zinc, 4.97 parts of chelated manganese, 0.15 part of chelated copper, 0.02 part of ammonium molybdate and 22.5 parts of fulvic acid
Step five: adding hydrogen-rich water
The method comprises the steps of replacing nutrient solution once a month, applying hydrogen-rich water once during the replacement of the nutrient solution, wherein the dosage of each plant is 15-20 milliliters, adding hydrogen-rich water into a groove II 15 by a liquid adding pipe II 4 during the replacement, lifting a planting pot 2 by a lifting device, rotating a hydroponic device 1 by 180 degrees by a rotating device 5, putting the planting pot 2 into the groove II 15 by the lifting device, and finally evacuating the nutrient solution in the groove I14.
In large-scale water planting, the process of changing the nutrient solution is too long, particularly if hydrogen-rich water is required to be added, the process is longer, the probability of damage to the root system is increased, and the application only needs to add the hydrogen-rich water in advance, only needs to lift the planting pot 2 and rotate the water planting device 1 during the changing, so that the use time is greatly reduced.
Example 1
In this example, the influence of the growth and yield of tea trees in different cultivation modes is compared to obtain the following table:
TABLE 1 influence of different cultivation modes on tea plant growth and yield (first harvest)
As is clear from Table 1, the tea plants cultivated by the cultivation method of the plant factory of the present invention were cultivated 1 year faster than the ground plants in the harvest period, and 2 to 3 times more than the ground plants in the fresh weight parameters.
Example 2
In the embodiment, the influence of the biochemical component content of the fresh tea leaves is compared in different cultivation modes to obtain the following table:
TABLE 2 influence of different cultivation modes on the biochemical component content of fresh tea leaves
As is clear from Table 2, the fresh leaves of tea tree cultivated by the cultivation method of plant factory of the present invention are superior to the ground cultivation in terms of the parameters of tea polyphenol, amino acid, caffeine, water extract, phenol-ammonia ratio and fresh weight of hundred buds.
Example 3
The example is a comparison of the effect of using hydrogen-rich water on the biochemical component content of fresh tea leaves, and is specifically shown in the following table:
TABLE 3 influence of the use of Hydrogen-rich water on the biochemical content of fresh tea leaves (first harvest in 3 rd year)
From the table 3, it is evident that the overall data are significantly improved after the use of hydrogen rich water.
Example 4
The example is a comparison of the effects of different nutrient solutions on the biochemical component content of fresh tea leaves, and is specifically shown in the following table:
TABLE 4 influence of different nutrient solutions on the biochemical content of fresh tea leaves (first harvest in 3 rd year)
The formula of the Hoagland nutrient solution is as follows:
the formula of the sulfate microelement nutrient solution is as follows:
wherein the formula of the nutrient solution (chelated trace elements) is shown in the following table:
as is evident from table 4, the nutrient solution of the invention has significant advantages in parameters over the holland nutrient solution.
The foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention, and is not meant to limit the scope of the invention, but to limit the invention to the particular embodiments, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. that fall within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. The water planting tea tree cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
Step one: preparing tea seedlings;
selecting tea tree seedlings with the height of more than 20cm and the thickness of more than 3mm, shaking off the root matrix of the tea tree seedlings, soaking the root matrix into a rooting agent for 10-15min, taking the tea tree seedlings out of the rooting agent, airing excessive water on a cotton-cloth-paved operating platform, and performing a field planting step;
Step two: planting tea seedlings;
Step 1: cultivating;
Transferring the tea seedlings to a cultivation device for cultivation, wherein the cultivation device comprises a mounting frame, a water planting device (1), a planting pot (2), a liquid adding pipe, a rotating device (5) and a lifting device;
Wherein the hydroponic device (1) is fixedly arranged on the mounting frame, the planting pot (2) is arranged on the hydroponic device (1), the liquid adding pipe is fixedly arranged at any end of the hydroponic device (1), the rotating device (5) is fixedly arranged on the hydroponic device (1), and the lifting device is fixedly arranged on the planting pot (2);
The water planting device (1) comprises a shell (11), an opening and closing door plate (12) and a partition plate (13), wherein the shell (11) is a cuboid with a hollow inside, the cross section of the shell (11) is square, a first groove (14) is formed in any corner of the square cross section of the shell (11), a second groove (15) is formed in the opposite corner of the square cross section of the shell, the first groove (14) and the second groove (15) are identical in shape and size, the partition plate (13) is fixedly installed on the other two non-groove corners of the square cross section of the shell (11), the installation mode is in sealing and fixed installation, the opening and closing door plate (12) is fixedly installed at the edges of the first groove (14) and the second groove (15) and used for installing a planting pot (2), the first groove (14) is used for containing nutrient solution, and the second groove (15) is used for containing hydrogen-rich water;
The liquid adding device comprises a shell (11), a first liquid adding pipe (3) and a second liquid adding pipe (4) are fixedly arranged at any end of the shell (11), wherein the first liquid adding pipe (3) is positioned at a cavity where a first groove (14) is positioned, the second liquid adding pipe (4) is positioned at a cavity where a second groove (15) is positioned, the liquid adding pipes and the shell (11) are arranged in a sealing manner, and the liquid adding pipes are all flexible pipes with adjustable lengths;
The opening and closing door plate (12) comprises a door plate and a limiting pin, wherein one end of the door plate is connected with the shell (11) through a hinge, the door plate is fixedly arranged at the edges of the first groove (14) and the second groove (15), at least one door plate is fixedly arranged on each groove, a sealing adhesive tape is arranged at the other end of the door plate, and the limiting pin is fixedly arranged on the hinge so as to control the maximum opening and closing angle of the door plate;
step 2: shaping and trimming;
When the tea seedlings grow to 30cm in height and the main stem thickness reaches more than 4cm, performing first shaping pruning, and keeping 10-15cm side branches of the trunk without pruning; when the tea tree grows to 45-50cm, performing secondary pruning, horizontally pruning trunks by using gardening scissors, keeping the trunk height to be 25-30cm, topping and pruning side branches, keeping the side branch height to be 30-35cm, and keeping the crown width to be 20-25cm; thirdly, pruning when the tea tree grows to be more than 55cm, horizontally pruning the whole plant by using gardening scissors, and keeping the heights of trunks and side branches to be 45-50cm; 2 times of shaping pruning are needed before tea picking, the interval period is 30-40 days, light pruning is adopted, the main branches are horizontally pruned by using gardening scissors, the side branches are pruned at 45 degrees from bottom to top, the plant height is kept at 40-50cm, and the crown width is 35-45cm;
step three: setting an environment;
The environmental parameters during cultivation are as follows:
The growth temperature is 24-28 ℃ and the relative humidity is 80-90%; the concentration of CO 2 is 800 ppm; the illumination condition after field planting is that the light quality ratio is red, blue and white 1:3:1, photoperiod 12h illumination/12 h darkness, and illumination intensity 140-160 mu mol/m 2.S;
the environmental parameters after shaping and trimming are as follows:
The growth temperature is 24-28 ℃ and the relative humidity is 80-90%; the concentration of CO 2 is 800 ppm; the illumination condition after trimming is that the light quality ratio is red and blue 1:3, the light period is 14h illumination/10 h darkness, and the illumination intensity is 140-160 mu mol/m 2.S;
step four: preparing a nutrient solution;
Wherein, the nutrition liquid EC 2.0+/-0.2 and pH 6.0+/-0.5 is supplemented according to consumption every day after being prepared, and the nutrition liquid EC is replaced integrally every month;
Step five: adding hydrogen-rich water;
during the period of changing the nutrient solution, hydrogen-rich water is applied once, and the dosage of each plant is 15-20 milliliters;
The specific liquid adding mode in the fifth step is as follows: the second liquid adding pipe (4) firstly adds hydrogen-rich water into the second groove (15), then the lifting device lifts the planting pot (2), then the rotating device (5) rotates the water planting device (1) 180 degrees, then the lifting device puts the planting pot into the second groove, and finally the nutrient solution in the first groove (14) is emptied.
2. A water planting tea tree cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of water planting devices (1) are installed and fixed on a plurality of installation frames, and the number of planting pots (2), liquid adding pipes, rotating devices (5) and lifting devices corresponds to that of the water planting devices.
3. A method for cultivating a hydroponic tea tree according to claim 1, wherein the nutrient solution comprises the following formula: 370-390 parts of potassium nitrate, 140-160 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 100-120 parts of magnesium sulfate, 540-580 parts of calcium nitrate, 25-35 parts of chelated iron, 2-3 parts of boric acid, 0.2-0.4 part of chelated zinc, 4-6 parts of chelated manganese, 0.1-0.2 part of chelated copper, 0.01-0.02 part of ammonium molybdate and 20-23 parts of fulvic acid.
4. A hydroponic tea plant cultivation method according to claim 3, wherein the nutrient solution formula is as follows: the fertilizer comprises, by weight, 380.026 parts of potassium nitrate, 145 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 110.012 parts of magnesium sulfate, 547.051 parts of calcium nitrate, 30.69 parts of chelated iron, 2.56 parts of boric acid, 0.29 part of chelated zinc, 4.97 parts of chelated manganese, 0.15 part of chelated copper, 0.02 part of ammonium molybdate, and 22.5 parts of fulvic acid.
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| CN114532198A (en) * | 2022-01-11 | 2022-05-27 | 贵州大学 | Water culture cutting rooting method for tea tree vegetative propagation |
| CN114651716A (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2022-06-24 | 佛山科学技术学院 | Automatic water planting case of changing of nutrient solution |
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| JP4423270B2 (en) * | 2006-03-29 | 2010-03-03 | 中国電力株式会社 | Hydroponics equipment |
| KR20140002207U (en) * | 2012-10-10 | 2014-04-18 | 정갑진 | Multistage rotation flowerpot hanger equipment |
| CN210143375U (en) * | 2019-05-14 | 2020-03-17 | 车德辉 | Novel tree cultivation device |
| RU2730648C1 (en) * | 2020-02-06 | 2020-08-24 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "ПЛАСТОПОНИКА" | Method of hydroponic growing of plants, device for method implementation and floating platform of this device |
| KR102562476B1 (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2023-08-01 | 김우진 | ICT-based rotary hydroponic cultivation device |
| CN218184534U (en) * | 2022-09-20 | 2023-01-03 | 山东润惠农业综合开发有限公司 | Nutrient solution exchange device |
| CN116508539B (en) * | 2023-06-01 | 2024-07-16 | 咸宁职业技术学院 | Seedling breeding device |
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| CN114532198A (en) * | 2022-01-11 | 2022-05-27 | 贵州大学 | Water culture cutting rooting method for tea tree vegetative propagation |
| CN114651716A (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2022-06-24 | 佛山科学技术学院 | Automatic water planting case of changing of nutrient solution |
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