CN104904502A - Method for grating potted seedling cultivation of watermelon in summer - Google Patents
Method for grating potted seedling cultivation of watermelon in summer Download PDFInfo
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- CN104904502A CN104904502A CN201510323135.6A CN201510323135A CN104904502A CN 104904502 A CN104904502 A CN 104904502A CN 201510323135 A CN201510323135 A CN 201510323135A CN 104904502 A CN104904502 A CN 104904502A
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- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000406 trisodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/02—Germinating apparatus; Determining germination capacity of seeds or the like
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for grating potted seedling cultivation of watermelon in summer. The method includes the following steps: (1), preparing a matrix; (2), priming stock seeds; (3), managing a stock seedling bed; (4), priming scion seeds; (5), grating; (6), managing when grafted seedlings survive; (7), managing after the grafted seedlings survive; (8), hardening and strengthening seedlings. By the method, strong grated watermelon seedlings can be cultivated in a batched manner, seedling cultivation production efficiency is improved remarkably, facility utilization rate is increased, manpower is reduced, and cost is lowered. The method is convenient in management, easy in operation, conducive to uniform management and popularization of new varieties and new technology, so that a lot of producers can be benefited directly.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to field of horticultural cultivation, be specifically related to a kind of watermelon summer grafting point disk seedling growing method.
Technical background:
Grafting is exactly the bud of a plant corpus or branch (i.e. scion), is connected on (i.e. stock) on another plant corpus, the two parts combined is grown up to be the plant corpus that complete.Watermelon blight pathogen can survive 8 ~ 10 years in soil, and it is unpractical that protecting field roller makes prevention fusarium wilt, and effective method is grafting and root-changing, otherwise due to continuous cropping obstacle, soil-borne disease occurs serious, directly causes the decline of the yield of watermelon and quality, has a strong impact on the development of watermelon industry; Grafting watermelon nursery is a ripe agriculture advanced technology in the world, concentrates for seedling, promotes new varieties, new technology, be the production that domestic and international advanced horticulture area generally adopts, manage and service mode, seedling had become the tap of modern installations horticulture industry already.
Modern technologies and facility is utilized to produce seedling without soilization, continuous cropping obstacle can be overcome, various influence factor is controlled further, seedling quality improves, planting survival rates improves, can seed be saved, be conducive to watermelon seedling culturing production standard, high quality, industrialization, be conducive to social service system perfect.There is many drawbacks in traditional Grafting watermelon nursery, as stock needs artificial seeding to emerge band cap and uneven, time-consumingly to take a lot of work; Summer temp is high, and environment difficulty controls, the easy excessive growth of melon seedling, and commercial seedling form is inconsistent, and strong sprout, rate was low etc.How to improve the quality of summer grafting commercial seedling, raise labour efficiency, reduce production cost, exploring a kind of new Grafting watermelon seedling growing process in summer just becomes problem production needing urgent solution.
Summary of the invention:
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of watermelon summer grafting point disk seedling growing method.
Object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of watermelon summer grafting point disk seedling growing method, comprises the following steps:
(1) prepare matrix: this matrix comprises the Chinese medicine slag that becomes thoroughly decomposed, peat, vermiculite and the perlite that volume ratio is 2 ~ 4:1 ~ 3:1 ~ 3:0.5 ~ 2, it is for subsequent use that 50% powder of carbendazim that every cube of matrix adds 150 ~ 250g mixes sabot thoroughly;
(2) stock seed priming: carry out stock seed treatment, stock planting seed and vernalization successively
Stock seed treatment: soak 7 ~ 9h with clear water again with after the water seed soaking 30 ~ 40min of 55 DEG C ~ 60 DEG C, then dress seed with fluorine fludioxonil and dry;
Vernalization manages: cave dish is after planting moved into germinating cabinet's vernalization, and vernalization indoor temperature is 28 DEG C ~ 30 DEG C, and the moisture content of matrix is saturation state, and vernalization indoor air humidity is 90% ~ 100%, and vernalization is to seed 65% ~ 75% Gong Yashichu germinating cabinet in matrix;
(3) stock seedbed management:
Seed cave dish vernalization completed moves into greenhouse seedbed and waters permeable, greenhouse: day temperature 28 DEG C ~ 32 DEG C, evening temperature 20 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C, daytime air humidity 50% ~ 60%, evening air humidity 80% ~ 90%, illumination is 15000lux ~ 20000lux;
When stock cotyledon more than 80% is open and flat, reduce water content of substrate, do and water permeable when stromal surface is turned white again, to promote that root system gos deep into its content, spray blade face with the paclobutrazol that concentration is 60mg/L simultaneously, the excessive growth of control stock;
(4) ingraftment seed causes: carry out ingraftment seed process, ingraftment seed sowing and vernalization successively
Ingraftment seed process: scion grows to when 75% ~ 85% cotyledon starts open and flat at stock and soaks seed, 10% (w/w) trisodium phosphate solution is used to soak 10 ~ 20min after water seed soaking 30 ~ 40min first with constant temperature 55 DEG C ~ 60 DEG C again, last clear water soaks 7 ~ 9h, waits to broadcast;
Vernalization manages: vernalization indoor temperature is 28 DEG C ~ 30 DEG C, the moisture content of matrix is saturation state, vernalization indoor air humidity is 90% ~ 100%, when seed 50% ~ 60% encircles bud, throw off mulch film, turn on light in time light filling, illumination is 5000Lux ~ 10000Lux, starts grafting during shoot growth to 3 ~ 4cm;
(5) grafting:
Grafting optimum period: stock rough leaf growth in thickness to 2 ~ 3cm, starts grafting during scion shoot growth to 3 ~ 4cm;
Prepare before grafting: stock, scion spray a pre-disease prevention of bactericide in grafting the previous day, and before grafting, stock and scion are watered permeable, make plant suction moisture, grafting tool is sterilized;
Grafting: adopt the grafting of tip cutting connection;
(6) management when grafting survives:
Button canopy moisturizing: immediately with also buckle film moisturizing in time and the shading cooling of 50% carbendazim 1000 times spraying diseases prevention humidification after grafting;
Temperature: 3d temperature requirement daytime 30 DEG C, evening 25 DEG C before after grafting, after 3d, temperature controlled to daytime 28 DEG C ~ 32 DEG C, evening 20 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C;
Humidity: 3d humidity requirement more than 95% before after grafting, blade face can not ponding, and after 3d, humidity is reduced to 80% ~ 90% gradually;
Illumination: 2d sunshade net shading before after grafting, is sooner or later shown in natural daylight after 2d, and between extending gradually when seeing light and increase intense light irradiation intensity, removes sunshade net completely after 5d;
Ventilate: before after grafting, 2d wants airtight stuffy, after grafting, 3d starts to ventilate, and sooner or later ventilates on a small quantity, later stronger ventilation amount and extend ventilation time gradually, removes Small plastic shed after 5d;
Downgrade: after grafting, 3d concentration is that the paclobutrazol of 40mg/L sprays blade face, controls scion excessive growth;
Diseases prevention: 5 ~ 6d respectively sprays mancozeb 1000 times and agricultural streptomycin 4000 times after grafting, pre-disease prevention occurs;
(7) grafting survive after management: comprise except sprout tillers, environment conditioning, rich water quality management and the extermination of disease and insect pest
Except sprout tillers: carry out the morning at fine day, remove stock in time and sprout leaf;
Environment conditioning: after grafting enters normal management, temperature controls at 20 DEG C ~ 32 DEG C; Air humidity controls 60% ~ 80%, soil humidity see dry see wet; Illumination is at more than 20000lux;
Rich water quality management: water with matrix turn white namely water permeable, fine day 3d waters once, respectively at leaf wholeheartedly with two leaf wholeheartedly respectively once, be the 2000 times of liquid pourings of 20-20-20 quick-acting fertilizer with N, P, K, foliage-spray is carried out once with the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.2% (w/w) in centre in fertilising;
(8) hardening and strong sprout
Preferably, the pH value of matrix described in step (1) is 6.5 ~ 7.0, EC value is 1.5 ~ 2.0, the content of organic matter 30% ~ 60%, and water content is 50% ~ 70%.
The process of described tip cutting connection grafting is: retain cotyledon during grafting and first stock is removed the heart, with special grafting bamboo let from the oblique downward insertion in stock upper vertical cotyledon side, bamboo let penetrates stock epidermis, exposes bamboo let point; Then to splay at scion young plant hypophyll 1cm place a cutter, wedging, the long 0.5 ~ 1cm of tangent plane, extracts bamboo let, by the scion cut quickly and accurately oblique cutting enter in stock otch, make scion and stock tight connecting, font that cotyledon is crossed as " ten ".
Described in step (7), the method for the extermination of disease and insect pest is: 1% Arermecinbla 3000 times is selected in insect pest in seedling stage, 25% Imidacloprid 3000 times or 50% dives gram 5000 times of controls, and sprout term disease selects 70% thiophanate methyl, 800 times of liquid, 99% green prosperous No. 1 2000 times of liquid, the high 3000 times of liquid of 10% generation to be used alternatingly.
In step (8), hardening and the process in strong sprout are: before emerging, 5d controls environment close to watermelon field production environmental condition, carry out high temperature hardening, day temperature controls 30 ~ 35 DEG C, and awards strong illumination, illumination, at more than 25000lux, allows watermelon seedling adapt to external environment.
The consumption of fluorine fludioxonil described in step (2) is the sub-2kg of every 10ml fluorine fludioxonil dressing seed.
The process of described ingraftment seed sowing is: carry out artificial seeding with flat square plate, first spread the matrix that 3 ~ 5cm is thick, water permeable rear sowing, often coil sowing 400 ~ 600, then cover 1 ~ 2cm by matrix, cover mulch film and put into germinating cabinet.
The bactericide that in step (5), stock, scion are sprayed before grafting is 70% thiophanate methyl 1000 times or 75% tpn 800 times, and grafting tool 70% medicinal alcohol is sterilized.
Following four kinds of invention main points are provided: the elicitation technique of (1) stock, ingraftment seed in technical solution of the present invention; (2) environment conditioning before and after the grafting of watermelon seedling and rich water essence amount control technology; (3) the dwarfing technology in strong sprout of watermelon seedling.(4) the hardening technology of watermelon seedling.
Term and definition in the present invention, the following terms and definitions are applicable to the present invention:
Point disk seedling growing: refer to use certain appointed condition, use organic substrate and supporting cave dish, each stage environment condition of regulation and control nursery, cultivates a kind of seedling-cultivating method in enormous quantities, high-quality of the right age strong sprout within a short period of time.
EC value: the abbreviation of Electrical Conductivity, refers to the Testing index of soil soluble salinity.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
The present invention has founded watermelon point disk seedling growing in summer method can cultivate Grafted Watermelon strong sprout in batches; Significantly improve nursery production efficiency, improve facility utilization rate, reduce recruitment, reduce costs; Convenient management, is easy to operation; Be beneficial to unified management, promote the advantage such as new varieties, new technology, thus allow numerous manufacturers directly be benefited.
Embodiment:
Embodiment 1:
One, matrix is prepared:
1, matrix is composite: watermelon seedling culturing substrate by the Chinese medicine slag that becomes thoroughly decomposed, peat, vermiculite, perlite by volume 3:2:2:1 Homogeneous phase mixing form, matrix physicochemical character sees the following form.
Table 1 matrix physicochemical character index
2, matrix is prewetted sterilization
Every cube of matrix 50% carbendazol wettable powder 200g mixes thoroughly, is watered sprinkling, and regulate water content of substrate to 55% ~ 60%, the 2h ~ 3h that banks up is for subsequent use.
3, the selecting and specification of cave dish: adopt the flat chassis of rigid plastics and V32 dish or V50 dish.
Two, stock cucurbit seed priming: carry out stock seed treatment, stock planting seed and vernalization successively
1, seed treatment: the water seed soaking 0.5h first using constant temperature 55 DEG C ~ 60 DEG C, needs during seed soaking constantly to stir, then soaks 8h with clear water, and finally with the seed dressing of fluorine fludioxonil, the sub-2kg of every 10ml dressing seed, will handle seed well and put and dry in the cool, and wait to broadcast.
2, sow: adopt automatic precision seeder sowing; Full-automatic precision sower should possess fills out matrix automatically, punching, and sowing covers, the device of the function such as to water.The stock seed of the present invention is large and irregular, and sowing depth is at about 1.5cm.
3, vernalization: by after planting cave dish move into germinating cabinet's vernalization, vernalization indoor temperature is 28 DEG C ~ 30 DEG C, and the moisture content of matrix is saturation state, vernalization indoor air humidity be after 90% ~ 100%, 48h vernalization to seed 70% Gong Yashichu germinating cabinet in matrix.
Three, stock seedbed management:
When seed cave dish vernalization completed moves into greenhouse seedbed, water permeable.Greenhouse: day temperature 30 DEG C ~ 32 DEG C, evening temperature 23 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C, daytime air humidity 50% ~ 60%, evening air humidity 80% ~ 90%, illumination is 15000lux ~ 20000lux.
By stock seed priming and environment conditioning, shell rate of automatically undressing when stock sprouts, more than 90%, manually only need extract the kind shell of 10%.
When stock cotyledon more than 80% is open and flat, reduce water content of substrate, do water again when stromal surface is turned white permeable, to promote that root system gos deep into its content.Spray blade face with the paclobutrazol that concentration is 60mg/L simultaneously, control stock excessive growth.Stock does not need fertilising seedling stage.
Four, ingraftment seed causes: carry out ingraftment seed process, ingraftment seed sowing and vernalization successively
1, ingraftment seed process: scion grows to when 80% cotyledon starts open and flat at stock and soaks seed, first use the water seed soaking 0.5h of constant temperature 55 DEG C-60 DEG C, need constantly to stir, then use 10% (w/w) trisodium phosphate solution during seed soaking and soak 10min, last clear water soaks 8h, waits to broadcast.
2, sow: carry out artificial seeding with flat square plate, first spread the matrix that 3 ~ 5cm is thick, water permeable rear sowing, often coil sowing about 500, then cover 1.5cm by matrix, cover mulch film and put into germinating cabinet.
3, vernalization management: vernalization indoor temperature is 28 DEG C ~ 30 DEG C, and the moisture content of matrix is saturation state, and vernalization indoor air humidity is 90% ~ 100%.When seed 50% encircles bud after 24h, throw off mulch film, light filling of turning on light in time, illumination is about 6000Lux, notes keeping matrix moistening.During shoot growth to 3 ~ 4cm, (after planting about 4 days) can grafting.
Five, grafting:
5.1 grafting optimum periods: summer grafting is at stock rough leaf growth in thickness to 2 ~ 3cm, and namely after planting about 10d is advisable.Watermelon scion be cotyledon not open and flat before (during scion shoot growth to 3 ~ 4cm), namely scion is advisable for after planting 4 days.
Prepare before 5.2 graftings: stock, scion spray a pre-disease prevention of bactericide in grafting the previous day, with 70% thiophanate methyl 1000 times or 75% tpn, 800 times of foliage-sprays.Summer, Grafting watermelon generally carried out in the afternoon.Before Grafting watermelon, stock and scion are watered permeable, make plant suction moisture; Grafting tool 70% medicinal alcohol is sterilized.
5.3 graftings: adopt the grafting of tip cutting connection.Retain cotyledon during grafting and first stock is removed the heart, with special grafting bamboo let from the oblique downward insertion in stock upper vertical cotyledon side, angle is at about 45 °, and the degree of depth is 0.5-1cm, slightly penetrates stock epidermis, exposes bamboo let point; Then to splay at scion young plant hypophyll 1cm place a cutter, wedging, the long 0.5-1cm of tangent plane, extracts bamboo let, by the scion cut quickly and accurately oblique cutting enter in stock otch, make scion and stock tight connecting, font that cotyledon is crossed as " ten ".
Six, management when grafting survives:
6.1 button canopy moisturizings: immediately with 50% carbendazim 1000 times spraying diseases prevention humidification after grafting, seedbed is taken the timely buckle film moisturizing of Small plastic shed, and add and cover sunshade net shading and lower the temperature.
6.2 temperature: 3d temperature requirement daytime 30 DEG C, evening 25 DEG C before after grafting.After 3d, temperature can suitably be relaxed to daytime 28 DEG C ~ 32 DEG C, evening 20 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C.
6.3 humidity: 3d humidity requirement more than 95% before after grafting, want spray humidification when humidity is low, notice that blade face can not ponding.After 3d, humidity is reduced to about 85% gradually.
6.4 illumination: 2d sunshade net shading before after grafting, are shown in natural daylight after 2d sooner or later, with reinforcement intensity of illumination between extending gradually when seeing light.Sunshade net can be removed completely after 5d.
6.5 ventilate: before after grafting, 2d wants airtight stuffy.After grafting, 3d starts to ventilate, and ventilates sooner or later on a small quantity before this, later stronger ventilation amount and extend ventilation time gradually.Small plastic shed is removed after 5d.
6.6 downgrade: after grafting, 3d concentration is that the paclobutrazol of 40mg/L sprays blade face, controls scion excessive growth.
6.7 diseases preventions: 5-6d respectively sprays mancozeb 1000 times and agricultural streptomycin 4000 times after grafting, pre-disease prevention occurs.
Seven, grafting survive after management: comprise except sprout tillers, environment conditioning, rich water quality management and the extermination of disease and insect pest
7.1 except sprout tillers: carry out the morning at fine day, removes stock in time and sprouts leaf.
7.2 environment conditionings: after grafting enters normal management, temperature controls at 20 DEG C ~ 30 DEG C; Air humidity controls at 60%-80%, soil humidity see dry see wet; Illumination is at 20000 ~ 25000lux.
7.3 rich water quality managements: namely watering turns white with matrix waters permeable, and fine day 3d waters once.Respectively at leaf wholeheartedly with two leaf wholeheartedly respectively once, be the 2000 times of liquid pourings of 20-20-20 quick-acting fertilizer with N, P, K, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of available 0.2% (w/w) in midway carries out foliage-spray once in fertilising.
7.4 extermination of disease and insect pest: insect pest in seedling stage mainly contains aphid, thrips, Liriomyza etc., can select 1% Arermecinbla 3000 times, 25% Imidacloprid 3000 times or 50% dives the controls such as grams 5000 times.Sprout term disease mainly contains damping off, powdery mildew, leaf spot etc., and 70% thiophanate methyl, 800 times of liquid, 99% green prosperous No. 1 2000 times of liquid, the high 3000 times of liquid of 10% generation can be selected to be used alternatingly, and every 3-5 days sprays 1 time, 2-3 time altogether.
Eight, strong sprout and hardening
The dwarfing of Grafted Watermelon Seedlings, the measure by two aspects:
Physical measure: mainly by intense light irradiation, (increase light application time, strengthen intensity of illumination, as far as possible concrete operations shorten the sunshade net opening time, allows Grafted Watermelon Seedlings fully see light); Improve day and night temperature (temperature difference in daytime and evening strengthens as much as possible); Control moisture, rewater when here allowing Grafted Watermelon Seedlings be in partly to wither fertilizer, is beneficial to growth and the strong sprout of root system.
Chemistry measure: when stock cotyledon more than 80% is open and flat, evenly spray blade face with the paclobutrazol that concentration is 60mg/L; Scion 3d concentration after grafting is that the paclobutrazol of 40mg/L evenly sprays blade face.General service time be fine day dusk or in the morning the sun rise before use, the two respectively uses a plant growth regulator.
Before emerging, 5d requires to control environment close to watermelon field production environmental condition, controls moisture, and the humid control of plug media, 50% ~ 60%, when here watermelon seedling soon withers, then waters.The root growth of melon seedling can be promoted like this, allow root system be covered with cave dish as soon as possible, be convenient to extract when transplanting.
Carry out high temperature hardening, day temperature controls 30 ~ 35 DEG C, and awards strong illumination, and illumination, at 25000 ~ 30000lux, allows watermelon seedling adapt to external environment.
Grafting watermelon in summer standard in strong sprout: suitable seedling age is 25-28d, plant height 12-15cm, and internode is compact; Well developed root system, root system is covered with cave dish, packing, and the color of root system is white; Leaf look is emerald green, and the number of blade is at 2-3 sheet true leaf; Without damage by disease and insect.
Claims (8)
1. a watermelon summer grafting point disk seedling growing method, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) prepare matrix: this matrix comprises the Chinese medicine slag that becomes thoroughly decomposed, peat, vermiculite and the perlite that volume ratio is 2 ~ 4:1 ~ 3:1 ~ 3:0.5 ~ 2, it is for subsequent use that 50% powder of carbendazim that every cube of matrix adds 150 ~ 250g mixes sabot thoroughly;
(2) stock seed priming: carry out stock seed treatment, stock planting seed and vernalization successively
Stock seed treatment: soak 7 ~ 9h with clear water again with after the water seed soaking 30 ~ 40min of 55 DEG C ~ 60 DEG C, then dress seed with fluorine fludioxonil and dry;
Vernalization manages: cave dish is after planting moved into germinating cabinet's vernalization, and vernalization indoor temperature is 28 DEG C ~ 30 DEG C, and the moisture content of matrix is saturation state, and vernalization indoor air humidity is 90% ~ 100%, and vernalization is to seed 65% ~ 75% Gong Yashichu germinating cabinet in matrix;
(3) stock seedbed management:
Seed cave dish vernalization completed moves into greenhouse seedbed and waters permeable, greenhouse: day temperature 28 DEG C ~ 32 DEG C, evening temperature 20 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C, daytime air humidity 50% ~ 60%, evening air humidity 80% ~ 90%, illumination is 15000lux ~ 20000lux;
When stock cotyledon more than 80% is open and flat, reduce water content of substrate, do and water permeable when stromal surface is turned white again, to promote that root system gos deep into its content, spray blade face with the paclobutrazol that concentration is 60mg/L simultaneously, the excessive growth of control stock;
(4) ingraftment seed causes: carry out ingraftment seed process, ingraftment seed sowing and vernalization successively
Ingraftment seed process: scion grows to when 75% ~ 85% cotyledon starts open and flat at stock and soaks seed, 10% (w/w) trisodium phosphate solution is used to soak 10 ~ 20min after water seed soaking 30 ~ 40min first with constant temperature 55 DEG C ~ 60 DEG C again, last clear water soaks 7 ~ 9h, waits to broadcast;
Vernalization manages: vernalization indoor temperature is 28 DEG C ~ 30 DEG C, the moisture content of matrix is saturation state, vernalization indoor air humidity is 90% ~ 100%, when seed 50% ~ 60% encircles bud, throw off mulch film, turn on light in time light filling, illumination is 5000Lux ~ 10000Lux, starts grafting during shoot growth to 3 ~ 4cm;
(5) grafting:
Grafting optimum period: stock rough leaf growth in thickness to 2 ~ 3cm, starts grafting during scion shoot growth to 3 ~ 4cm;
Prepare before grafting: stock, scion spray a pre-disease prevention of bactericide in grafting the previous day, and before grafting, stock and scion are watered permeable, make plant suction moisture, grafting tool is sterilized;
Grafting: adopt the grafting of tip cutting connection;
(6) management when grafting survives:
Button canopy moisturizing: immediately with also buckle film moisturizing in time and the shading cooling of 50% carbendazim 1000 times spraying diseases prevention humidification after grafting;
Temperature: 3d temperature requirement daytime 30 DEG C, evening 25 DEG C before after grafting, after 3d, temperature controlled to daytime 28 DEG C ~ 32 DEG C, evening 20 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C;
Humidity: 3d humidity requirement more than 95% before after grafting, blade face can not ponding, and after 3d, humidity is reduced to 80% ~ 90% gradually;
Illumination: 2d sunshade net shading before after grafting, is sooner or later shown in natural daylight after 2d, and between extending gradually when seeing light and increase intense light irradiation intensity, removes sunshade net completely after 5d;
Ventilate: before after grafting, 2d wants airtight stuffy, after grafting, 3d starts to ventilate, and sooner or later ventilates on a small quantity, later stronger ventilation amount and extend ventilation time gradually, removes Small plastic shed after 5d;
Downgrade: after grafting, 3d concentration is that the paclobutrazol of 40mg/L sprays blade face, controls scion excessive growth;
Diseases prevention: 5 ~ 6d respectively sprays mancozeb 1000 times and agricultural streptomycin 4000 times after grafting, pre-disease prevention occurs;
(7) grafting survive after management: comprise except sprout tillers, environment conditioning, rich water quality management and the extermination of disease and insect pest
Except sprout tillers: carry out the morning at fine day, remove stock in time and sprout leaf;
Environment conditioning: after grafting enters normal management, temperature controls at 20 DEG C ~ 32 DEG C; Air humidity controls 60% ~ 80%, soil humidity see dry see wet; Illumination is at more than 20000lux;
Rich water quality management: water with matrix turn white namely water permeable, fine day 3d waters once, respectively at leaf wholeheartedly with two leaf wholeheartedly respectively once, be the 2000 times of liquid pourings of 20-20-20 quick-acting fertilizer with N, P, K, foliage-spray is carried out once with the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.2% (w/w) in centre in fertilising;
(8) hardening and strong sprout.
2. watermelon summer grafting point disk seedling growing method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the pH value of described matrix be 6.5 ~ 7.0, EC value is 1.5 ~ 2.0, the content of organic matter 30% ~ 60%, water content is 50% ~ 70%.
3. watermelon summer grafting point disk seedling growing method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the process of described tip cutting connection grafting is: retain cotyledon during grafting and first stock is removed the heart, with special grafting bamboo let from the oblique downward insertion in stock upper vertical cotyledon side, bamboo let penetrates stock epidermis, exposes bamboo let point; Then to splay at scion young plant hypophyll 1cm place a cutter, wedging, the long 0.5 ~ 1cm of tangent plane, extracts bamboo let, by the scion cut quickly and accurately oblique cutting enter in stock otch, make scion and stock tight connecting, font that cotyledon is crossed as " ten ".
4. watermelon summer grafting point disk seedling growing method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the method for the extermination of disease and insect pest described in step (7) is: 1% Arermecinbla 3000 times is selected in insect pest in seedling stage, 25% Imidacloprid 3000 times or 50% dives gram 5000 times of controls, and sprout term disease selects 70% thiophanate methyl, 800 times of liquid, 99% green prosperous No. 1 2000 times of liquid, the high 3000 times of liquid of 10% generation to be used alternatingly.
5. watermelon summer grafting point disk seedling growing method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that in step (8), hardening and the process in strong sprout are: before emerging, 5d controls environment close to watermelon field production environmental condition, carry out high temperature hardening, day temperature controls 30 ~ 35 DEG C, and award strong illumination, illumination, at more than 25000lux, allows watermelon seedling adapt to external environment.
6. watermelon summer grafting point disk seedling growing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that the consumption of fluorine fludioxonil described in step (2) is the sub-2kg of every 10ml fluorine fludioxonil dressing seed.
7. watermelon summer grafting point disk seedling growing method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the process that described ingraftment seed is sowed is: carry out artificial seeding with flat square plate, first spread the matrix that 3 ~ 5cm is thick, water permeable rear sowing, often coil sowing 400 ~ 600, cover 1 ~ 2cm by matrix again, cover mulch film and put into germinating cabinet.
8. watermelon summer grafting point disk seedling growing method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the bactericide that in step (5), stock, scion are sprayed before grafting is 70% thiophanate methyl 1000 times or 75% tpn 800 times, grafting tool 70% medicinal alcohol is sterilized.
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