CN108184465A - A kind of Tomato Grafting method for culturing seedlings - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of Tomato Grafting method for culturing seedlings, include the following steps：(1) prepare matrix；(2) stock scion sowing and management；(3) it grafts；(4) grafting manages.The method of the present invention can greatly promote the survival rate of Tomato Grafting seedling.

Description

A kind of tomato grafting seedling raising method

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and in particular relates to a tomato grafting seedling raising method.

Background technique

Tomato is an important solanaceous vegetable planted in Chengdu and Sichuan Province. It has a large production area. However, with the continuous cropping of tomatoes, soil-borne diseases such as tomato bacterial wilt are becoming more and more serious, causing large-scale death of tomato production in planting bases. Many vegetable bases Tomato production can no longer be carried out, causing heavy losses to vegetable production and farmers. At present, only the grafting cultivation technology can effectively overcome the soil-borne diseases caused by continuous cropping of tomatoes. However, since tomato production in Chengdu and most areas of Sichuan is dominated by facility cultivation in early spring, grafted tomato seedlings must be raised over winter, and Chengdu has low temperature and little sunshine in winter. Under such climatic conditions, according to the existing technology of tomato grafting and seedling cultivation, grafted seedlings are prone to excessive growth, rotten seedlings, yellowing, rigidity, etc., resulting in low survival rate of grafted seedlings and poor commerciality, which brings difficulties to large-scale grafting of tomato seedlings. The risks and risks have hindered the large-scale and industrialized development of tomato grafting and seedling cultivation in Chengdu and Sichuan Province, and affected the large-scale promotion and application of tomato grafting cultivation technology.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for growing tomato seedlings by grafting, which can effectively solve the problem of low survival rate of existing tomato seedlings after grafting.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is:

A method for growing seedlings by grafting tomato, comprising the following steps:

(1) Prepare the substrate: mix and stir the special substrate for seedling cultivation and perlite in a ratio of 3 to 5:0.2 to 1 by weight, and sterilize for later use;

(2) Rootstock and scion sowing and management: sow the rootstock and scion respectively on a seedbed with a temperature of 22-25°C, and then cover the substrate with a thickness of 1-2cm, and then perform temperature and pest management;

(3) Grafting: when the stock cotyledon top stem is thick 2.5-3mm, and the hypocotyl of the scion cotyledon bottom is thick 2.5-3mm, adopt casing sticking method to carry out grafting, and stock and scion are carried out disinfection and sterilization process respectively before grafting;

(4) Management of grafted seedlings

Humidity management: water the rootstock 1-2 days before grafting, control the humidity of the seedbed at 85-95% one week after grafting, and then adjust the humidity of the seedbed to 75-85% until the grafted seedlings survive. water again;

Temperature management: During the healing period of the grafted seedlings, the daytime temperature is controlled at 26-28°C, and the nighttime temperature is 16-18°C. After the grafted seedlings survive, the daytime temperature is adjusted to 20-25°C, and the nighttime temperature is 14-16°C;

Illumination management: In the first week after the grafting is completed, if it is sunny or rainy for five consecutive days, then irradiate with LED light with a wavelength of 400-800nm for 10-12 hours every day until the grafted seedlings survive; the LED light is red light and Mixed light in which blue light is mixed in a ratio of 5-7:1-2;

Finally, ventilation, pest control and management, and growth control of grafted seedlings are carried out until seedlings emerge.

Further, the special seedling-raising substrate in step (1) is a vegetable seedling-raising substrate.

Further, in the step (1), the weight ratio of the seedling-raising substrate to the perlite is 5:1.

Further, the specific process of the sleeve bonding method in step (3) is:

When grafting, cut the rootstock obliquely upward at an angle of 45 degrees above the cotyledons, with an incision of 0.8-1 cm, remove the growth point, and then cut obliquely at the bottom of the scion cotyledons at an angle of 45 degrees, with an incision of 0.8-1 cm, remove the growth point. Part of the hypocotyl, the casing is placed on the cut surface of the scion cotyledon, and then inserted into the cut of the rootstock, so that the rootstock and the scion interface overlap and are completely wrapped by the casing to complete the grafting.

Further, in step (4), the LED light is mixed light in which red light and blue light are mixed in a ratio of 7:1.

Further, the specific process of ventilation management in step (5) is:

The first 3 days after the grafting is completed, the seedbed is sealed with a small shed. After 3 days, the air can be released in the morning and evening, and the air can be released for 1 hour each time. Harden the seedlings and cover them at night.

Further, the specific process of grafted seedling growth control in step (5) is:

After the grafting is completed, spray once with 5% amino acid, and spray 500 times chlormequat once after the grafted seedlings survive for 6-7 days.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

By controlling the humidity, temperature and light required for the growth of grafted seedlings, under the cooperation of the humidity, temperature and light mentioned in the method of the present invention, it can effectively prevent the grafted tomato seedlings from rotting, dead seedlings, yellowing, Problems such as excessive growth have greatly improved the survival rate and commerciality of tomato after grafting.

Detailed ways

The specific embodiments of the present invention are described below so that those skilled in the art can understand the present invention, but it should be clear that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific embodiments. For those of ordinary skill in the art, as long as various changes Within the spirit and scope of the present invention defined and determined by the appended claims, these changes are obvious, and all inventions and creations using the concept of the present invention are included in the protection list.

Example 1

A method for growing seedlings by grafting tomato, comprising the following steps:

(1) Prepare the matrix

Mixing the special matrix for seedling cultivation and perlite in a ratio of 5:1 by weight, stirring evenly, and then sterilizing, as the seedling raising matrix for grafted seedlings for subsequent use; wherein, the special matrix for seedling raising is a special vegetable seedling raising matrix;

(2) rootstock scion sowing

From mid-November to early January, rootstock and scion seeds were sown on the seedbeds of 105-hole hole trays and 50-hole hole trays with semi-automatic seeders, and then covered with the matrix prepared in the step (1) with a thickness of 1cm, and Cover with plastic film; wherein, the seedbed is an underground seedbed with a width of 1.5m and a depth of 20cm, and the gap between adjacent seedbeds is 60cm;

(3) Rootstock and scion management

The seedbed temperature should be controlled at 22-25 degrees Celsius before the rootstock and scion emerge, and the temperature should be controlled at 18-20 degrees Celsius when the seedlings emerge until the cotyledons are flattened. Spray once every other week; remove the mulch immediately after the emergence of rootstocks and scions, and prevent and control it once with standing dead, falling down, blight, gray mold, etc. every 5-7 days. Control fungal diseases once; water the substrate in the morning on a sunny day after the substrate is dry, keep the substrate moist, and avoid the substrate being too dry and wet and water droplets appearing on the leaves for a long time;

(4) Grafting

When the stock cotyledon top stem is thick 2.5-3mm, and when the hypocotyl of the scion cotyledon bottom is thick 2.5-3mm, adopt casing sticking method to carry out grafting, and before grafting, stock and scion are carried out disinfection and sterilization treatment respectively;

Among them, the specific process of the sleeve bonding method is as follows:

When grafting, cut the rootstock obliquely upward at an angle of 45 degrees above the cotyledons, with an incision of 0.8-1 cm, remove the growth point, and then cut obliquely at the bottom of the scion cotyledons at an angle of 45 degrees, with an incision of 0.8-1 cm, remove the growth point. Part of the hypocotyl, the casing is placed on the cut surface of the scion cotyledon, and then inserted into the cut of the rootstock, so that the rootstock and the scion interface overlap and are completely wrapped by the casing to complete the grafting;

(5) Management of grafted seedlings

Temperature management: During the healing period of the grafted seedlings, heat preservation + heating measures are used to increase the temperature of the seedbed to promote the healing of the grafted seedlings. During the day, the temperature of the seedbed is controlled by covering the small arch shed + heating measures to control the temperature of the seedbed at 26-28 degrees Celsius, and the night temperature is controlled by covering the small arch shed + covering 2 - 3 layers of non-woven fabric + heating measures to control the temperature of the seedbed at 16-18 degrees Celsius; until the grafted seedlings survive, lower the temperature appropriately to prevent the grafted seedlings from growing excessively, gradually harden the seedlings, and control the daytime temperature at about 20-25 degrees Celsius (whether to carry out Heating depends on the weather conditions), and the temperature at night is controlled at about 14-16 degrees Celsius;

Among them, the heating measures are as follows: each seedbed is bent back and forth along the length of the seedbed at a distance of 10 cm to lay four 1000-watt electric heating wires to form a network of electric heating wires, which are heated by electricity to supplement the temperature of the seedbed;

Humidity management: In the first 1-2 days after the grafting is completed, water the rootstock thoroughly to ensure the appropriate humidity for the grafted seedlings. Do not water before the grafted seedlings survive, and control the humidity of the seedbed at 85-95%. Properly reduce the humidity of the seedbed through ventilation, and control it at 75-85%. After the grafted seedlings survive, they can be managed according to the conventional humidity, so as to prevent the grafted seedlings from appearing water droplets when the humidity is too high, causing the grafted seedlings to rot, botrytis and other diseases;

Light management: In the first week after grafting, if there is sun, the small shed of grafted seedlings should be covered with a sunshade net for shade. If there is no sun, there is no need to cover the sunshade net and only the small shed should be covered. If there is no sun or rainy days, use LEDs during the day The light is supplemented and irradiated for 12 hours until the grafted seedlings survive, and then there is no need for shade. If it meets continuous cloudy (rainy) days, the LED light can be supplemented again; wherein, the LED light is a mixed light of red light and blue light. The ratio of red light to blue light is 7:1, and both wavelengths are 400-800nm;

Ventilation management: The seedbed is sealed with a small shed for the first 3 days after grafting. After 3 days, the grafted seedlings begin to heal, and the air can be released in the morning and evening to adjust the humidity of the grafted seedlings and gradually enhance the adaptability of the grafted seedlings to the natural environment. Let the air out for 1 hour each time, and then increase the time for 1 hour every day (it is better if the grafted seedlings do not wilt). It is advisable to let the air out to uncover the middle part of the small shed until 4-5 days after the grafted seedlings survive, then completely remove the small shed during the day Carry out seedling hardening and cover at night;

(6) Grafting seedling pest control

After the grafted seedlings are planted on the seedbed, they are uniformly controlled once with disease control agents such as bacterial, blight, gray mold, dry-drying, and downfall, and then every 5 days or so;

(7) Growth control of grafted seedlings

After the grafted seedlings are planted on the seedbed, spray them once with 5% amino acid uniformly. After the grafted seedlings have survived for about a week, spray once with 500 times chlormequat to control the seedlings, prevent the grafted seedlings from growing excessively, and cultivate strong seedlings;

(8) Emergence

After the grafted seedlings have survived for 10 days, the seedlings can emerge, and the seedlings are packed in a carton with a length*width*height of 60*40*40 cm, and transported by a transport vehicle to complete the cultivation of the grafted seedlings.

Example 2

A method for growing seedlings by grafting tomato, comprising the following steps:

(1) Prepare the matrix

Mixing the special matrix for seedling cultivation and perlite in a ratio of 5:1 by weight, stirring evenly, and then sterilizing, as the seedling raising matrix for grafted seedlings for subsequent use; wherein, the special matrix for seedling raising is a special vegetable seedling raising matrix;

(2) rootstock scion sowing

From mid-November to early January, rootstock and scion seeds were sown on the seedbeds of 105-hole hole trays and 50-hole hole trays with semi-automatic seeders, and then covered with the matrix prepared in the step (1) with a thickness of 1cm, and Cover with plastic film; wherein, the seedbed is an underground seedbed with a width of 1.5m and a depth of 20cm, and the gap between adjacent seedbeds is 60cm;

(3) Rootstock and scion management

The seedbed temperature should be controlled at 22-25 degrees Celsius before the rootstock and scion emerge, and the temperature should be controlled at 18-20 degrees Celsius when the seedlings emerge until the cotyledons are flattened. Spray once every other week; remove the mulch immediately after the emergence of rootstocks and scions, and prevent and control it once with standing dead, falling down, blight, gray mold, etc. every 5-7 days. Control fungal diseases once; water the substrate in the morning on a sunny day after the substrate is dry, keep the substrate moist, and avoid the substrate being too dry and wet and water droplets appearing on the leaves for a long time;

(4) Grafting

When the stock cotyledon top stem is thick 2.5-3mm, and when the hypocotyl of the scion cotyledon bottom is thick 2.5-3mm, adopt casing sticking method to carry out grafting, and before grafting, stock and scion are carried out disinfection and sterilization treatment respectively;

Among them, the specific process of the sleeve bonding method is as follows:

When grafting, cut the rootstock obliquely upward at an angle of 45 degrees above the cotyledons, with an incision of 0.8-1 cm, remove the growth point, and then cut obliquely at the bottom of the scion cotyledons at an angle of 45 degrees, with an incision of 0.8-1 cm, remove the growth point. Part of the hypocotyl, the casing is placed on the cut surface of the scion cotyledon, and then inserted into the cut of the rootstock, so that the rootstock and the scion interface overlap and are completely wrapped by the casing to complete the grafting;

(5) Management of grafted seedlings

Temperature management: During the healing period of the grafted seedlings, heat preservation + heating measures are used to increase the temperature of the seedbed to promote the healing of the grafted seedlings. During the day, the temperature of the seedbed is controlled by covering the small arch shed + heating measures to control the temperature of the seedbed at 26-28 degrees Celsius, and the night temperature is controlled by covering the small arch shed + covering 2 - 3 layers of non-woven fabric + heating measures to control the temperature of the seedbed at 16-18 degrees Celsius; until the grafted seedlings survive, lower the temperature appropriately to prevent the grafted seedlings from growing excessively, gradually harden the seedlings, and control the daytime temperature at about 20-25 degrees Celsius (whether to carry out Heating depends on the weather conditions), and the temperature at night is controlled at about 14-16 degrees Celsius;

Among them, the heating measures are as follows: each seedbed is bent back and forth along the length of the seedbed at a distance of 10 cm to lay four 1000-watt electric heating wires to form a network of electric heating wires, which are heated by electricity to supplement the temperature of the seedbed;

Humidity management: In the first 1-2 days after the grafting is completed, water the rootstock thoroughly to ensure the appropriate humidity for the grafted seedlings. Do not water before the grafted seedlings survive, and control the humidity of the seedbed at 85-95%. Properly reduce the humidity of the seedbed through ventilation, and control it at 75-85%. After the grafted seedlings survive, they can be managed according to the conventional humidity, so as to prevent the grafted seedlings from appearing water droplets when the humidity is too high, causing the grafted seedlings to rot, botrytis and other diseases;

Ventilation management: For the first 3 days after grafting, the seedbed is sealed with a small shed, shaded on sunny days and not shaded on cloudy days; after 3 days, the grafted seedlings begin to heal, and ventilation can be carried out in the morning and evening to adjust the humidity of the grafted seedlings and gradually strengthen the grafted seedlings. Adaptability to the natural environment. The time for letting the air out gradually increases from half an hour, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, etc. every day (it is advisable for the grafted seedlings not to wilt). Completely remove the small shed for seedling hardening and cover at night;

(6) Grafting seedling pest control

After the grafted seedlings are planted on the seedbed, they are uniformly controlled once with disease control agents such as bacterial, blight, gray mold, dry-drying, and downfall, and then every 5 days or so;

(7) Growth control of grafted seedlings

After the grafted seedlings are planted on the seedbed, spray them once with 5% amino acid uniformly. After the grafted seedlings have survived for about a week, spray once with 500 times chlormequat to control the seedlings, prevent the grafted seedlings from growing excessively, and cultivate strong seedlings;

(8) Emergence

After the grafted seedlings have survived for 10 days, the seedlings can emerge, and the seedlings are packed in a carton with a length*width*height of 60*40*40 cm, and transported by a transport vehicle to complete the cultivation of the grafted seedlings.

Example 3

A method for growing seedlings by grafting tomato, comprising the following steps:

(1) Prepare the matrix

Mixing the special matrix for seedling cultivation and perlite in a ratio of 5:1 by weight, stirring evenly, and then sterilizing, as the seedling raising matrix for grafted seedlings for subsequent use; wherein, the special matrix for seedling raising is a special vegetable seedling raising matrix;

(2) rootstock scion sowing

From mid-November to early January, rootstock and scion seeds were sown on the seedbeds of 105-hole hole trays and 50-hole hole trays with semi-automatic seeders, and then covered with the matrix prepared in the step (1) with a thickness of 1cm, and Cover with plastic film; wherein, the seedbed is an underground seedbed with a width of 1.5m and a depth of 20cm, and the gap between adjacent seedbeds is 60cm;

(3) Rootstock and scion management

The seedbed temperature should be controlled at 22-25 degrees Celsius before the rootstock and scion emerge, and the temperature should be controlled at 18-20 degrees Celsius when the seedlings emerge until the cotyledons are flattened. Spray once every other week; remove the mulch immediately after the emergence of rootstocks and scions, and prevent and control it once with standing dead, falling down, blight, gray mold, etc. every 5-7 days. Control fungal diseases once; water the substrate in the morning on a sunny day after the substrate is dry, keep the substrate moist, and avoid the substrate being too dry and wet and water droplets appearing on the leaves for a long time;

(4) Grafting

When the stock cotyledon top stem is thick 2.5-3mm, and when the hypocotyl of the scion cotyledon bottom is thick 2.5-3mm, adopt casing sticking method to carry out grafting, and before grafting, stock and scion are carried out disinfection and sterilization treatment respectively;

Among them, the specific process of the sleeve bonding method is as follows:

When grafting, cut the rootstock obliquely upward at an angle of 45 degrees above the cotyledons, with an incision of 0.8-1 cm, remove the growth point, and then cut obliquely at the bottom of the scion cotyledons at an angle of 45 degrees, with an incision of 0.8-1 cm, remove the growth point. Part of the hypocotyl, the casing is placed on the cut surface of the scion cotyledon, and then inserted into the cut of the rootstock, so that the rootstock and the scion interface overlap and are completely wrapped by the casing to complete the grafting;

(5) Management of grafted seedlings

Temperature management: During the healing period of the grafted seedlings, heat preservation + heating measures are used to increase the temperature of the seedbed to promote the healing of the grafted seedlings. During the day, the temperature of the seedbed is controlled by covering the small arch shed + heating measures to control the temperature of the seedbed at 26-28 degrees Celsius, and the night temperature is controlled by covering the small arch shed + covering 2 - 3 layers of non-woven fabric + heating measures to control the temperature of the seedbed at 16-18 degrees Celsius; until the grafted seedlings survive, lower the temperature appropriately to prevent the grafted seedlings from growing excessively, gradually harden the seedlings, and control the daytime temperature at about 20-25 degrees Celsius (whether to carry out Heating depends on the weather conditions), and the temperature at night is controlled at about 14-16 degrees Celsius;

Among them, the heating measures are as follows: each seedbed is bent back and forth along the length of the seedbed at a distance of 10 cm to lay four 1000-watt electric heating wires to form a network of electric heating wires, which are heated by electricity to supplement the temperature of the seedbed;

Ventilation management: The seedbed is sealed with a small shed for the first 3 days after grafting. After 3 days, the grafted seedlings begin to heal, and the air can be released in the morning and evening to adjust the humidity of the grafted seedlings and gradually enhance the adaptability of the grafted seedlings to the natural environment. The time for letting the air out gradually increases from half an hour, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, etc. every day (it is advisable for the grafted seedlings not to wilt). Completely remove the small shed for seedling hardening and cover at night;

(6) Grafting seedling pest control

After the grafted seedlings are planted on the seedbed, they are uniformly controlled once with disease control agents such as bacterial, blight, gray mold, dry-drying, and downfall, and then every 5 days or so;

(7) Growth control of grafted seedlings

After the grafted seedlings are planted on the seedbed, spray them once with 5% amino acid uniformly. After the grafted seedlings have survived for about a week, spray once with 500 times chlormequat to control the seedlings, prevent the grafted seedlings from growing excessively, and cultivate strong seedlings;

(8) Emergence

After the grafted seedlings have survived for 10 days, the seedlings can emerge, and the seedlings are packed in a carton with a length*width*height of 60*40*40 cm, and transported by a transport vehicle to complete the cultivation of the grafted seedlings.

comparative example

Use conventional methods for grafting and management, and the specific process is as follows:

Full shade for the first three days after the grafting is completed, and the light is weak in the later stage without supplementing the light; the humidity of the seedbed is controlled above 95% in the first three days after the grafting is completed, and controlled at 85-95% after three days; the temperature during the healing period of the grafted seedlings is controlled at 28-30 degrees Celsius, and the temperature at night is controlled at 18-20 degrees Celsius; after 7-9 days after the grafted seedlings survive, the temperature is appropriately lowered, and the seedlings are gradually hardened. The daytime temperature is controlled at about 25-28 degrees Celsius, and the nighttime temperature is controlled at about 16-18 degrees Celsius ; Do not control seedlings with chlormequat.

detection

The survival rates of the grafted seedlings of Examples 1-3 and comparative examples were detected respectively under the same conditions, and the results are shown in Table 1.

Table 1 Survival rate of grafted seedlings under different treatments

As can be seen from the data in Table 1, only under the common cooperation of conditions such as temperature, humidity and light mentioned in the method of the present invention can the survival rate of the grafted tomato seedlings reach the maximum value.

Claims (7)

1. a tomato grafting seedling raising method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: (1) Prepare the substrate: mix and stir the special substrate for seedling cultivation and perlite in a ratio of 3 to 5:0.2 to 1 by weight, and sterilize for later use; (2) Rootstock and scion sowing and management: sow the rootstock and scion respectively on a seedbed with a temperature of 22-25°C, and then cover the substrate with a thickness of 1-2cm, and then perform temperature and pest management; (3) Grafting: when the stock cotyledon top stem is thick 2.5-3mm, and the hypocotyl of the scion cotyledon bottom is thick 2.5-3mm, adopt casing sticking method to carry out grafting, and stock and scion are carried out disinfection and sterilization process respectively before grafting; (4) Management of grafted seedlings Humidity management: water the rootstock 1-2 days before grafting, control the humidity of the seedbed at 85-95% one week after grafting, and then adjust the humidity of the seedbed to 75-85% until the grafted seedlings survive. water again; Temperature management: During the healing period of the grafted seedlings, the daytime temperature is controlled at 26-28°C, and the nighttime temperature is 16-18°C. After the grafted seedlings survive, the daytime temperature is adjusted to 20-25°C, and the nighttime temperature is 14-16°C; Illumination management: In the first week after the grafting is completed, if it is sunny or rainy for five consecutive days, then irradiate with LED light with a wavelength of 400-800nm for 10-12 hours every day until the grafted seedlings survive; the LED light is red light and Mixed light in which blue light is mixed in a ratio of 5-7:1-2; Ventilation, pest control management and grafted seedling growth control are carried out at the same time until the seedlings emerge. 2. the tomato grafting seedling raising method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described in the step (1) seedling-raising special substrate is vegetable seedling raising substrate. 3. tomato grafting seedling raising method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the weight ratio of seedling raising special matrix described in step (1) and perlite is 5:1. 4. tomato grafting seedling raising method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the concrete process of sleeve pipe sticking method described in step (3) is: When grafting, cut the rootstock obliquely upward at an angle of 45 degrees above the cotyledons, with an incision of 0.8-1 cm, remove the growth point, and then cut obliquely at the bottom of the scion cotyledons at an angle of 45 degrees, with an incision of 0.8-1 cm, remove the growth point. Part of the hypocotyl, the casing is placed on the cut surface of the scion cotyledon, and then inserted into the cut of the rootstock, so that the rootstock and the scion interface overlap and are completely wrapped by the casing to complete the grafting. 5. The method for growing seedlings by grafting tomato according to claim 1, wherein said LED light in step (4) is a mixed light in which red light and blue light are mixed in a ratio of 7:1. 6. tomato grafting seedling raising method according to claim 1, the specific process of ventilation management described in step (5) is: The first 3 days after the grafting is completed, the seedbed is sealed with a small shed. After 3 days, the air can be released in the morning and evening, and the air can be released for 1 hour each time. Harden the seedlings and cover them at night. 7. tomato grafting seedling raising method according to claim 1, the concrete process of grafting seedling growth control described in step (5) is: After the grafting is completed, spray once with 5% amino acid, and spray 500 times chlormequat once after the grafted seedlings survive for 6-7 days.