CN117947319B - Aluminum alloy, preparation method thereof and aluminum alloy die casting - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy, preparation method thereof and aluminum alloy die casting Download PDFInfo
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- CN117947319B CN117947319B CN202410324467.5A CN202410324467A CN117947319B CN 117947319 B CN117947319 B CN 117947319B CN 202410324467 A CN202410324467 A CN 202410324467A CN 117947319 B CN117947319 B CN 117947319B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
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Abstract
The invention provides an aluminum alloy, a preparation method thereof and an aluminum alloy die casting, and belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloys. The aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass based on 100% of the total mass of the aluminum alloy: the content of Si is 6.5-8.5%; the content of Fe is less than or equal to 0.3 percent; the Cu content is less than or equal to 0.3 percent; mn content is less than or equal to 0.5%; the content of Mg is less than or equal to 0.5 percent; the content of Cr is less than or equal to 0.2 percent; the content of V is 0.002-0.02%; the content of Nb is 10-100 ppm; the Sr content is 0.01-0.03%; the content of rare earth elements is 10-100 ppm, and the rare earth elements are La and/or Ce; the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities. By designing the alloy components of the aluminum alloy material, particularly adding a proper amount of V element, rare earth element La and/or Ce and Nb element, the obtained aluminum alloy has high strength and excellent plastic toughness, corrosion resistance and flow formability, and heat treatment is not needed in the subsequent preparation of aluminum alloy die castings.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy, and particularly relates to an aluminum alloy, a preparation method thereof and an aluminum alloy die casting.
Background
With the rapid development of new energy automobiles and the continuous improvement of the light-weight requirements, large-scale integrated thin-wall structural members (such as shock towers, rear automobile bodies, longitudinal beams, front cabins and the like) are rapidly developed. The aluminum alloy die casting is commonly applied to the thin-wall structural parts of vehicles at present and is prepared from die casting aluminum alloy.
However, conventional Al-Si die-cast aluminum alloys have only moderate strength and low ductility and toughness, and are difficult to meet the demands of thin-walled structural members for vehicles. Therefore, in order to improve the mechanical properties of cast aluminum alloy, the conventional processing process of aluminum alloy die castings generally includes heat treatment (solid solution and aging), but this not only increases the complexity of the process, and requires a lot of energy consumption, but also causes deformation of the aluminum alloy castings due to heating and cooling effects, affects the assembly accuracy, and even causes rejection of the aluminum alloy castings. In addition, in order to facilitate demolding of the aluminum alloy die cast during production, a certain amount of Fe is added to the die cast aluminum alloy, but the addition of Fe element causes deterioration of toughness, corrosion resistance, and flow formability of the die cast aluminum alloy. These factors together limit further applications of die cast aluminum alloys and aluminum alloy die castings.
Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an aluminum alloy, a preparation method thereof and an aluminum alloy die casting by optimizing the alloy material components, wherein the aluminum alloy has higher strength, excellent toughness, corrosion resistance and flow formability, and has better mechanical properties in an as-cast state without heat treatment, so that the aluminum alloy die casting manufactured by using the aluminum alloy can fully meet the requirements of thin-wall structural members of vehicles.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to solve at least to some extent one of the technical problems in the prior art. To this end, embodiments of the present invention provide an aluminum alloy, a method of manufacturing the same, and an aluminum alloy die casting. The aluminum alloy has higher strength, excellent plasticity, toughness, corrosion resistance and flow formability, does not need heat treatment, has better mechanical property in an as-cast state, and can provide support for the application of large-scale integrated aluminum alloy die castings.
The embodiment of the invention provides an aluminum alloy, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass as 100 percent: the content of Si is 6.5-8.5%; the content of Fe is less than or equal to 0.3 percent; the Cu content is less than or equal to 0.3 percent; mn content is less than or equal to 0.5%; the content of Mg is less than or equal to 0.5 percent; the content of Cr is less than or equal to 0.2 percent; the content of V is 0.002-0.02%; the content of Nb is 10-100 ppm; the Sr content is 0.01-0.03%; the content of rare earth elements is 10-100 ppm, and the rare earth elements are La and/or Ce; the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities.
The aluminum alloy provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following advantages and technical effects:
(1) The aluminum alloy provided by the embodiment of the invention is added with a proper amount of V element, so that on one hand, a fine crystal strengthening effect is achieved, on the other hand, a fine AlV phase is precipitated in an aluminum matrix, a precipitation strengthening effect is achieved, and the two effects are used for jointly improving the toughness of the aluminum alloy; in addition, the added V element and Fe element are combined to form AlSiVFe phases, so that a part of impurity Fe element is consumed, the negative influence of Fe element is reduced, and the toughness, corrosion resistance and flow formability of the aluminum alloy are further improved.
(2) The aluminum alloy of the embodiment of the invention is added with a proper amount of rare earth elements La and/or Ce, forms intermetallic compounds with aluminum and other alloy elements, and improves the toughness of the material; in addition, the added rare earth elements La and/or Ce are used as surface active elements, so that the surface tension of the alloy melt is reduced, and the flow formability of the material is improved.
(3) The aluminum alloy provided by the embodiment of the invention is added with a proper amount of Nb, so that the metal structure of the Al-Si alloy can be refined, and the toughness of the material is improved.
(4) In summary, by designing the alloy components of the aluminum alloy material, and particularly adding a proper amount of V element, rare earth element La and/or Ce and Nb element, compared with the traditional Al-Si die-casting aluminum alloy, the aluminum alloy provided by the embodiment of the invention has higher strength and excellent plasticity, corrosion resistance and flow formability, and meets the requirements of thin-wall structural members of vehicles; in addition, the aluminum alloy provided by the embodiment of the invention does not need to be subjected to heat treatment in the follow-up process, so that the processing technology of the aluminum alloy die casting can be effectively simplified, deformation can be avoided, and the qualification rate of the aluminum alloy die casting is improved.
In some embodiments, the content of Si is 6.5-7.5%; and/or Fe content is less than or equal to 0.15%; and/or the content of Cu is 0.001-0.3%; and/or the Mn content is 0.3-0.5%; and/or the content of Mg is 0.1-0.5%; and/or the content of Cr is 0.1-0.2%; and/or the content of V is 0.005-0.02%; and/or the content of Nb is 30-80 ppm; and/or the Sr content is 0.02-0.03%; and/or the content of rare earth elements is 20-80 ppm.
In some embodiments, the content of V is 0.005-0.01%.
In some embodiments, the Nb content is 40 to 60ppm.
In some embodiments, the rare earth element content is 20-50 ppm.
In addition, the embodiment of the invention also provides a preparation method of the aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
Melting an aluminum raw material in a melting furnace to obtain an aluminum melt, and adding a Si raw material, a Cu raw material, a Mn raw material, a Cr raw material, a V raw material and a rare earth raw material into the aluminum melt to perform first melting to obtain a first alloy melt;
Adding a deslagging agent into the first alloy melt to perform first deslagging treatment, adding Mg raw materials, cr raw materials, nb raw materials and Sr raw materials to perform second smelting, and performing second deslagging treatment after first standing to obtain a second alloy melt;
Introducing inert gas mixed with a refining agent into the second alloy melt to carry out degassing refining to obtain a third alloy melt;
detecting the component content of the third alloy melt, standing for the second time after the detection result is qualified, and removing slag at the third place to obtain a fourth alloy melt;
And casting the fourth alloy melt into a die, and obtaining an aluminum alloy ingot after the alloy melt is solidified and formed.
The preparation method of the aluminum alloy provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following advantages and technical effects:
according to the preparation method of the aluminum alloy, the obtained aluminum alloy has excellent comprehensive performance, the aluminum alloy die casting can be prepared without a heat treatment procedure, the processing technology of the aluminum alloy die casting is simplified, the problem that the aluminum alloy die casting is deformed due to heat treatment can be solved, and the yield of the aluminum alloy die casting is improved.
In some embodiments, the V feedstock is an Al-V master alloy, the Nb feedstock is an Al-Nb-B refiner, and the rare earth feedstock is an Al-rare earth master alloy.
In some embodiments, the temperature of the first smelting is 760 ℃ or higher, and the time of the first smelting is not less than 20min.
In some embodiments, the temperature of the first deslagging treatment is 730 ℃ or higher, the temperature of the second smelting is 720 ℃ or higher, and the time of the second smelting is not less than 10min.
In some embodiments, the temperature of the degassing refining is 720 ℃ or higher, and the time of the degassing refining is not less than 10min.
In some embodiments, the casting temperature is 690-720 ℃.
In addition, the embodiment of the invention also provides an aluminum alloy die casting which is prepared from the aluminum alloy.
The aluminum alloy die casting provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following advantages and technical effects:
because the aluminum alloy of the embodiment of the invention is adopted, the aluminum alloy die casting of the embodiment of the invention has higher strength and excellent plastic toughness and corrosion resistance, can meet the requirements of thin-wall structural parts of automobiles such as a shock absorber, a rear automobile body, a longitudinal beam, a front cabin and the like, can be obtained without heat treatment, can effectively simplify the processing technology, can avoid deformation and can improve the qualification rate of the aluminum alloy die casting.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for producing an aluminum alloy according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides an aluminum alloy, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass as 100 percent: the content of Si is 6.5-8.5%; the content of Fe is less than or equal to 0.3 percent; the Cu content is less than or equal to 0.3 percent; mn content is less than or equal to 0.5%; the content of Mg is less than or equal to 0.5 percent; the content of Cr is less than or equal to 0.2 percent; the content of V is 0.002-0.02%; the content of Nb is 10-100 ppm; the Sr content is 0.01-0.03%; the content of rare earth elements is 10-100 ppm, and the rare earth elements are La and/or Ce; the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities.
According to the embodiment of the invention, through the optimal design of aluminum alloy components, particularly proper amounts of V element, rare earth element (La and/or Ce) and Nb element are added, the aluminum alloy with excellent comprehensive properties such as strength (more than 240MPa of tensile strength and more than 120MPa of yield strength), plasticity and toughness (more than 10% of elongation and more than 30 degrees of bending angle), corrosion resistance (after 240 hours of salt spray corrosion, corrosion pit depth is less than or equal to 150 um) and the like is obtained; in addition, the aluminum alloy provided by the embodiment of the invention does not need to be subjected to heat treatment in the follow-up process, so that the processing technology of the aluminum alloy die casting can be effectively simplified, deformation can be avoided, and the qualification rate of the aluminum alloy die casting is improved.
It should be noted that ppm is one part per million, i.e., 1% = 10000ppm.
The content of Si element in the aluminum alloy of the embodiment of the invention is 6.5-8.5%, for example 6.5%, 6.8%, 7%, 7.2%, 7.4%, 7.6%, 7.8%, 8%, 8.2%, 8.8% and the like. The Si element is a main alloy element, and the strength and the flow formability of the aluminum alloy can be improved by adding a proper amount of the Si element. When the content of Si element is less than 6.5%, the fluidity and die casting property of the aluminum alloy are poor. When the content of Si element is too high, toughness of the aluminum alloy decreases. Preferably, the content of Si element is 6.5-7.5%. When the content of Si element is too high, it is unfavorable to improve toughness of the aluminum alloy.
The content of Fe element in the aluminum alloy of the embodiment of the invention is less than or equal to 0.3%, such as 0%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.25%, 0.3% and the like. The Fe element is an impurity in the aluminum alloy according to the embodiment of the present invention, so that the content of Fe element in the aluminum alloy is reduced as much as possible. When the content of Fe element is more than 0.3%, the toughness, corrosion resistance, and flow formability of the aluminum alloy are reduced. Preferably, the content of Fe element is 0.15% or less. When the content of Fe element is too high, the toughness of the aluminum alloy is not improved.
The content of Cu element in the aluminum alloy according to the embodiment of the invention is 0.3% or less, for example, 0.001%, 0.005%, 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.25%, 0.3%, etc. The Cu element is a strengthening element, and the addition of a proper amount of the Cu element can play roles of solid solution strengthening and precipitation strengthening, so that the strength of the aluminum alloy can be improved. When the content of Cu element is more than 0.3%, the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy is lowered. Preferably, the content of Cu element is 0.001-0.3%. When the content of Cu element is too low, the strength of the aluminum alloy is disadvantageously improved.
The content of Mn element in the aluminum alloy of the embodiment of the invention is less than or equal to 0.5%, for example, 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.25%, 0.3%, 0.35%, 0.4%, 0.45%, 0.5%, etc. And proper amount of Mn element is added to facilitate demoulding and subsequent die casting. When the content of Mn element is more than 0.5%, toughness of the aluminum alloy is lowered. Preferably, the content of Mn element is 0.3-0.5%. When the content of Mn element is too low, it is unfavorable to improve the die casting property of the aluminum alloy.
The content of Mg element in the aluminum alloy of the embodiment of the invention is less than or equal to 0.5%, such as 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.25%, 0.3%, 0.35%, 0.4%, 0.45%, 0.5% and the like. The strength of the aluminum alloy can be improved by adding a proper amount of Mg element. When the content of Mg element is more than 0.5%, toughness of the aluminum alloy is poor. Preferably, the content of the Mg element is 0.1-0.5%. When the content of Mg element is too low, the strength of the aluminum alloy is disadvantageously improved.
The content of Cr element in the aluminum alloy is less than or equal to 0.2 percent. The addition of a proper amount of Cr element can refine the metal structure of the Al-Si alloy on one hand, thereby improving the toughness of the aluminum alloy, and on the other hand, the aluminum alloy is favorable for demoulding and subsequent die casting. When the content of Cr element is higher than 0.2%, toughness of the aluminum alloy is lowered. Preferably, the content of Cr element is 0.1-0.2%. When the content of Cr element is too low, it is unfavorable to improve the toughness of the aluminum alloy.
The content of the V element in the aluminum alloy of the embodiment of the invention is 0.002-0.02%, for example 0.002%, 0.004%, 0.006%, 0.008%, 0.01%, 0.012%, 0.014%, 0.016%, 0.018%, 0.02% and the like. The addition of a proper amount of V element can play a role in fine-grain strengthening, and on the other hand, a fine AlV phase is precipitated in an aluminum matrix, so that the precipitation strengthening effect can be achieved, and the two effects improve the toughness of the aluminum alloy together; in addition, the added V element can be combined with Fe element to form AlSiVFe phase, consume a part of impurity Fe element, reduce the negative influence of Fe element, and improve the toughness, corrosion resistance and flow formability of the aluminum alloy. When the content of V element is less than 0.002%, the toughness, plastic toughness, corrosion resistance and flow formability of the aluminum alloy are poor. When the content of the V element is more than 0.02%, coarse compounds are formed, resulting in poor strength of the aluminum alloy.
Preferably, the content of the V element is 0.005-0.02%. More preferably, the content of the V element is 0.005-0.01%. When the content of the V element is too low, the toughness, the plastic toughness and the like of the aluminum alloy are not improved. When the content of the V element is too high, the aluminum alloy is unfavorable to maintain high strength.
The content of Nb in the aluminum alloy is 10-100 ppm, such as 10ppm, 20ppm, 30ppm, 40ppm, 50ppm, 60ppm, 70ppm, 80ppm, 90ppm, 100ppm and the like. Proper amount of Nb element is added to refine the metal structure of the Al-Si alloy, so that the toughness of the aluminum alloy is improved. When the content of Nb is less than 10ppm, the alloy coarsens, and the toughness of the aluminum alloy is poor. When the content of Nb is higher than 100mm, the Nb is agglomerated and does not play a role in refining the structure, so that the toughness of the aluminum alloy is poor. Preferably, the content of Nb is 30-80 ppm; more preferably, the content of Nb is 40-60 ppm. When the content of Nb is too low or too high, the toughness of the aluminum alloy is not favorably improved.
The content of Sr element in the aluminum alloy of the embodiment of the invention is 0.01-0.03%, for example 0.01%, 0.012%, 0.014%, 0.016%, 0.018%, 0.02%, 0.022%, 0.024%, 0.026%, 0.028%, 0.03%, etc. The addition of a proper amount of Sr element can refine the metal structure of the Al-Si alloy, thereby improving the toughness of the aluminum alloy. When the content of Sr element is less than 0.01%, the alloy structure coarsens, resulting in a decrease in the toughness of the aluminum alloy. When the content of Sr element is higher than 0.03%, H is easy to be absorbed by alloy melt, and the content of air holes in the aluminum alloy is increased, so that the toughness is reduced. Preferably, the content of Sr element is 0.02-0.03%. When the content of Sr element is too low, the toughness of the aluminum alloy is not favorably improved.
The content of rare earth element (La and/or Ce) in the aluminum alloy of the embodiment of the invention is 10-100ppm, for example, 10ppm, 20ppm, 30ppm, 40ppm, 50ppm, 60ppm, 70ppm, 80ppm, 90ppm, 100ppm, etc. Proper amount of rare earth elements (La and/or Ce) are added, and intermetallic compounds can be formed with aluminum and other alloy elements, so that the toughness of the aluminum alloy is improved; in addition, the added rare earth element (La and/or Ce) is used as a surface active element, and the surface tension of the alloy melt can be reduced, so that the flow formability of the aluminum alloy is improved. And when rare earth elements other than La and/or Ce are used, the above effect cannot be achieved. When the content of the rare earth element (La and/or Ce) is less than 10ppm, the toughness and flow formability of the aluminum alloy are poor. When the content of the rare earth element (La and/or Ce) is more than 100ppm, agglomeration of the rare earth element occurs, resulting in poor toughness of the aluminum alloy.
Preferably, the content of the rare earth element is 20-80 ppm. More preferably, the content of the rare earth element is 20-50 ppm. When the content of the rare earth element is too low, the toughness of the aluminum alloy is not favorably improved. When the content of the rare earth element is too high, the toughness of the aluminum alloy is not favorably improved.
In the aluminum alloy of the embodiment of the invention, when the rare earth element is a mixture of La element and Ce element, the mass ratio of La element to Ce element can be set arbitrarily.
The unavoidable impurity in the aluminum alloy of the embodiment of the invention is P, S, O. The content of single impurities is less than or equal to 0.05 percent, and the total content of the impurities is less than or equal to 0.15 percent.
In addition, the embodiment of the invention also provides a preparation method of the aluminum alloy, as shown in fig. 1, comprising the following steps:
s1, placing an aluminum raw material into a smelting furnace to be melted to obtain an aluminum melt, and then adding a Si raw material, a Cu raw material, a Mn raw material, a Cr raw material, a V raw material and a rare earth raw material into the aluminum melt to perform first smelting to obtain a first alloy melt;
s2, adding a deslagging agent into the first alloy melt to perform first deslagging treatment, adding Mg raw materials, nb raw materials and Sr raw materials to perform second smelting, and performing second deslagging treatment after first standing to obtain a second alloy melt;
S3, introducing inert gas mixed with a refining agent into the second alloy melt for degassing refining to obtain a third alloy melt;
S4, detecting the component content of the third alloy melt, standing for the second time after the detection result is qualified, and performing deslagging treatment for the third time to obtain a fourth alloy melt; if the detection result is not qualified, the component adjustment and deslagging treatment are needed to be carried out again until the detection result is qualified.
And S5, casting the fourth alloy melt into a die, and obtaining an aluminum alloy ingot after the alloy melt is solidified and formed.
According to the preparation method of the aluminum alloy, the obtained aluminum alloy has excellent comprehensive performance, the aluminum alloy die casting can be prepared without a heat treatment procedure, the processing technology of the aluminum alloy die casting is simplified, the problem that the aluminum alloy die casting is deformed due to heat treatment can be solved, and the yield of the aluminum alloy die casting is improved.
In the preparation method of the aluminum alloy, in the embodiment of the invention, in the step S1, the raw materials which are refractory and not easy to burn are added first, and after the raw materials are melted into the rate melt, the raw materials which are easy to melt and easy to burn are added in the step S2, so that the burn of the elements added in the step S2 can be effectively reduced.
In some embodiments, the V feedstock is an Al-V master alloy, the Nb feedstock is an Al-Nb-B refiner, and the rare earth feedstock is an Al-rare earth master alloy. If these elements are added in elemental form, which requires a relatively high temperature, they tend to burn out other easily burned elements, so these elements are preferably added in the form of a master alloy. The other elements may be added as simple substances or as intermediate alloys of these elements with Al.
Based on the feed forms of the raw materials described above, in some embodiments, the temperature of the first smelting is 760 ℃ or higher, and the time of the first smelting is not less than 20 minutes. When the alloy melt temperature is too low or the time is too short in this step, incomplete melting of the added raw materials is liable to occur. Preferably, the temperature of the first smelting is 760-800 ℃, such as 760 ℃, 770 ℃, 780 ℃, 790 ℃, 800 ℃ and the like, and the time of the first smelting is 20-40 min, such as 20min, 30min, 40min and the like. When the alloy melt temperature in this step is too high or too long, burning loss is easily brought to each raw material added.
Based on the feed forms of the raw materials described above, in some embodiments, the temperature of the first deslagging treatment is 730 ℃ or higher. When the alloy melt temperature is too low in this step, insufficient slag removal is easily caused. Preferably, the temperature of the first deslagging treatment is 730-750 ℃, such as 730 ℃, 735 ℃, 740 ℃, 745 ℃, 750 ℃ and the like. When the alloy melt temperature in this step is too high, burning loss is easily brought to each element added.
Based on the feed forms of the raw materials described above, in some embodiments, the temperature of the second smelting is 720 ℃ or higher, and the time of the second smelting is not less than 10min. When the temperature of the alloy melt in this step is too low or the time is too short, incomplete melting of the added raw material is liable to occur. Preferably, the temperature of the second smelting is 720-750 ℃, such as 720 ℃, 725 ℃, 730 ℃, 735 ℃, 740 ℃, 745 ℃, 750 ℃ and the like, and the time of the second smelting is 10-20min, such as 10min, 15min, 20min and the like. When the alloy melt temperature in this step is too high or too long, burning loss is easily brought to each element added.
The temperature of the second smelting is higher than that of the first smelting, and the time of the second smelting is longer than that of the first smelting, because the raw materials added in the step S1 are relatively refractory, and the elements added in the step S2 are relatively easy to melt and burn.
In some embodiments, the temperature of the degassing refining is 720 ℃ or higher, and the time of the degassing refining is not less than 10min. When the alloy melt temperature is too low or the time is too short in this step, sufficient degassing is not favored. Preferably, the temperature of the degassing refining is 720-730 ℃, such as 720 ℃, 722 ℃, 724 ℃, 726 ℃, 728 ℃, 730 ℃ and the like, and the time of the degassing refining is 10-20 min, such as 10min, 12min, 14min, 16min, 18min, 20min and the like. When the temperature of the alloy melt in this step is too high or too long, burning loss of each element in the alloy melt is liable to occur.
In some embodiments, the time of the first standing and the second standing is 5-15 min, for example, 5min, 8min, 10min, 12min, 14min, 15min, etc., and the standing is used for floating slag in the alloy melt to the surface, so as to facilitate the purification of the alloy melt.
In some embodiments, the fourth alloy melt is injected into a mold, the casting temperature is 690-720 ℃, such as 690 ℃, 695 ℃, 700 ℃, 705 ℃, 710 ℃, 715 ℃, 720 ℃, and the like, and after the alloy melt is solidified and formed, the aluminum alloy ingot is obtained. When the casting temperature is too low, defects such as cold shut of the aluminum alloy surface may be caused. When the casting temperature is too high, the H content in the aluminum alloy increases and shrinkage porosity becomes serious.
In addition, the embodiment of the invention also provides an aluminum alloy die casting which is prepared from the aluminum alloy.
Because the aluminum alloy of the embodiment of the invention is adopted, the aluminum alloy die casting of the embodiment of the invention has higher strength and excellent plastic toughness and corrosion resistance, can meet the requirements of thin-wall structural parts of automobiles such as a shock absorber, a rear automobile body, a longitudinal beam, a front cabin and the like, and can obtain the aluminum alloy die casting with qualified performance without heat treatment in the follow-up process, thereby simplifying the processing technology of the aluminum alloy die casting, avoiding the deformation problem caused by heat treatment and improving the yield of the aluminum alloy die casting.
In addition, the embodiment of the invention also provides a preparation method of the aluminum alloy die casting, which comprises the following steps: melting the aluminum alloy of the embodiment of the invention to obtain an aluminum alloy melt; and then carrying out die casting and trimming on the aluminum alloy melt to obtain an aluminum alloy die casting.
Or the preparation method of the aluminum alloy die casting comprises the following steps:
s1, placing an aluminum raw material into a smelting furnace to be melted to obtain an aluminum melt, and then adding a Si raw material, a Cu raw material, a Mn raw material, a Cr raw material, a V raw material and a rare earth raw material into the aluminum melt to perform first smelting to obtain a first alloy melt;
s2, adding a deslagging agent into the first alloy melt to perform first deslagging treatment, adding Mg raw materials, nb raw materials and Sr raw materials to perform second smelting, and performing second deslagging treatment after first standing to obtain a second alloy melt;
S3, introducing inert gas mixed with a refining agent into the second alloy melt for degassing refining to obtain a third alloy melt;
S4, detecting the component content of the third alloy melt, standing for the second time after the detection result is qualified, and performing deslagging treatment for the third time to obtain a fourth alloy melt; if the detection result is not qualified, the component adjustment and deslagging treatment are needed to be carried out again until the detection result is qualified;
And S5, directly casting the fourth alloy melt into a die casting die for die casting, and trimming to obtain the aluminum alloy casting.
The two methods can be used for preparing aluminum alloy castings, the former method is suitable for the condition that the shape of the target casting is not known, and the aluminum alloy castings are cast into aluminum alloy ingots firstly, so that the aluminum alloy castings are convenient to transport. The latter applies to the case where the shape of the target casting is known. When the latter is used to prepare aluminum alloy castings, the specific conditions in steps S1 to S5 may be referred to the preparation method of the aluminum alloy.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples and drawings.
Example 1
A die-casting aluminum alloy comprises Si, fe, cu, mn, mg, cr, V, sr, nb, re (La and Ce are in a mass ratio of 1:1) based on 100% of the total mass of the die-casting aluminum alloy, wherein the specific content is shown in a table 1, and the balance is Al and unavoidable impurities P, S, O, wherein the content of single impurities is less than or equal to 0.05%, and the total content of impurities is less than or equal to 0.15%.
The preparation method of the die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
S1, placing an aluminum raw material in a smelting furnace to be melted at 720 ℃ to obtain an aluminum melt, then heating the aluminum melt to 760 ℃, adding an Al-Si intermediate alloy, an Al-Cu intermediate alloy, an Al-Mn intermediate alloy, an Al-Cr intermediate alloy, an Al-V intermediate alloy and an Al-rare earth intermediate alloy into the aluminum melt, and stirring at the temperature for 20min to obtain a first alloy melt;
S2, adding a deslagging agent into the first alloy melt, controlling the temperature of the alloy melt at 730 ℃, and removing scum on the surface of the clean alloy melt after deslagging is finished; then adding Mg, al-Nb-B refiner and Al-Sr intermediate alloy, controlling the temperature of alloy melt at 720 ℃, and stirring for 10min at the temperature; and then standing for 5min for the first time to obtain a second alloy melt.
And S3, introducing argon mixed with a refining agent into the second alloy melt, controlling the temperature of the alloy melt at 720 ℃ and maintaining for 10min for degassing refining to obtain a third alloy melt.
S4, detecting the component content of the third alloy melt, standing for 5min for the second time after the detection result is qualified, and performing deslagging treatment for the third time to obtain a fourth alloy melt;
S5, casting the fourth alloy melt into a die, and obtaining the die-casting aluminum alloy ingot after the alloy melt is solidified and formed.
Example 2
The content of Si, fe, cu, mn, mg, cr, V, sr, nb, re (La) in the die-cast aluminum alloy of this example is shown in table 1, and the other conditions are the same as in example 1.
The preparation method of the die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
S1, placing an aluminum raw material in a smelting furnace, melting at 740 ℃ to obtain an aluminum melt, then heating the aluminum melt to 780 ℃, adding Si, cu, mn, al-Cr intermediate alloy, al-V intermediate alloy, la and Ce mixed rare earth into the aluminum melt, and stirring at the temperature for 30min to obtain a first alloy melt;
S2, adding a deslagging agent into the first alloy melt, controlling the temperature of the alloy melt at 750 ℃, and removing scum on the surface of the clean alloy melt after deslagging is finished; then adding Mg, al-Nb-B refiner and Al-Sr intermediate alloy, controlling the temperature of the alloy melt at 750 ℃, stirring for 20min at the temperature, and then standing for 15min for the first time to obtain a second alloy melt.
And S3, introducing argon mixed with a refining agent into the second alloy melt, controlling the temperature of the alloy melt at 730 ℃ and maintaining for 20min for degassing refining to obtain a third alloy melt.
S4, detecting the component content of the third alloy melt, and standing for 15min for the second time after the detection result is qualified to obtain a fourth alloy melt;
S5, casting the fourth alloy melt into a die, and obtaining the die-casting aluminum alloy ingot after the alloy melt is solidified and formed.
Example 3
The content of Si, fe, cu, mn, mg, cr, V, sr, nb, re (Ce) in the die-cast aluminum alloy of this example is shown in table 1, and the other conditions are the same as in example 1. The die-cast aluminum alloy of this example was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
Example 4
The contents of Si, fe, cu, mn, mg, cr, V, sr, nb, re (La and Ce) in the die-cast aluminum alloy of this example are shown in table 1, and the other conditions are the same as in example 1. The die-cast aluminum alloy of this example was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
Example 5
The contents of Si, fe, cu, mn, mg, cr, V, sr, nb, re (La and Ce) in the die-cast aluminum alloy of this example are shown in table 1, and the other conditions are the same as in example 1. The die-cast aluminum alloy of this example was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
Example 6
The contents of Si, fe, cu, mn, mg, cr, V, sr, nb, re (La and Ce) in the die-cast aluminum alloy of this example are shown in table 2, and the other conditions are the same as in example 1. The die-cast aluminum alloy of this example was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
Example 7
The contents of Si, fe, cu, mn, mg, cr, V, sr, nb, re (La and Ce) in the die-cast aluminum alloy of this example are shown in table 2, and the other conditions are the same as in example 1. The die-cast aluminum alloy of this example was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
Example 8
The contents of Si, fe, cu, mn, mg, cr, V, sr, nb, re (La and Ce) in the die-cast aluminum alloy of this example are shown in table 2, and the other conditions are the same as in example 1. The die-cast aluminum alloy of this example was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
Example 9
The contents of Si, fe, cu, mn, mg, cr, V, sr, nb, re (La and Ce) in the die-cast aluminum alloy of this example are shown in table 2, and the other conditions are the same as in example 1. The die-cast aluminum alloy of this example was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
Example 10
The contents of Si, fe, cu, mn, mg, cr, V, sr, nb, re (La and Ce) in the die-cast aluminum alloy of this example are shown in table 2, and the other conditions are the same as in example 1. The die-cast aluminum alloy of this example was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
Example 11
The contents of Si, fe, cu, mn, mg, cr, V, sr, nb, re (La and Ce) in the die-cast aluminum alloy of this example are shown in table 2, and the other conditions are the same as in example 1. The die-cast aluminum alloy of this example was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
Comparative example 1
The contents of Si, fe, cu, mn, mg, cr, V, sr, nb, re (La and Ce) in the die-cast aluminum alloy of this comparative example are shown in table 3, and the other conditions are the same as in example 1. The die-cast aluminum alloy of this comparative example was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
Comparative example 2
The contents of Si, fe, cu, mn, mg, cr, V, sr, nb, re (La and Ce) in the die-cast aluminum alloy of this comparative example are shown in table 3, and the other conditions are the same as in example 1. The die-cast aluminum alloy of this comparative example was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
Comparative example 3
The contents of Si, fe, cu, mn, mg, cr, V, sr, nb, re (La and Ce) in the die-cast aluminum alloy of this comparative example are shown in table 3, and the other conditions are the same as in example 1. The die-cast aluminum alloy of this comparative example was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
Comparative example 4
The contents of Si, fe, cu, mn, mg, cr, V, sr, nb, re (La and Ce) in the die-cast aluminum alloy of this comparative example are shown in table 3, and the other conditions are the same as in example 1. The die-cast aluminum alloy of this comparative example was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
Comparative example 5
The contents of Si, fe, cu, mn, mg, cr, V, sr, nb, re (La and Ce) in the die-cast aluminum alloy of this comparative example are shown in table 3, and the other conditions are the same as in example 1. The die-cast aluminum alloy of this comparative example was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
Comparative example 6
The contents of Si, fe, cu, mn, mg, cr, V, sr, nb, re (La and Ce) in the die-cast aluminum alloy of this comparative example are shown in table 4, and the other conditions are the same as in example 1. The die-cast aluminum alloy of this comparative example was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
Comparative example 7
The contents of Si, fe, cu, mn, mg, cr, V, sr, nb, re (La and Ce) in the die-cast aluminum alloy of this comparative example are shown in table 4, and the other conditions are the same as in example 1. The die-cast aluminum alloy of this comparative example was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
Comparative example 8
The contents of Si, fe, cu, mn, mg, cr, V, sr, nb, re (La and Ce) in the die-cast aluminum alloy of this comparative example are shown in table 4, and the other conditions are the same as in example 1. The die-cast aluminum alloy of this comparative example was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
Comparative example 9
The contents of Si, fe, cu, mn, mg, cr, V, sr, nb, re (La and Ce) in the die-cast aluminum alloy of this comparative example are shown in table 4, and the other conditions are the same as in example 1. The die-cast aluminum alloy of this comparative example was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
Comparative example 10
The contents of Si, fe, cu, mn, mg, cr, V, sr, nb, re (La and Ce) in the die-cast aluminum alloy of this comparative example are shown in table 4, and the other conditions are the same as in example 1. The die-cast aluminum alloy of this comparative example was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
Comparative example 11
The contents of Si, fe, cu, mn, mg, cr, V, sr, nb, re (La and Ce) in the die-cast aluminum alloy of this comparative example are shown in table 4, and the other conditions are the same as in example 1. The die-cast aluminum alloy of this comparative example was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
Comparative example 12
The content of Si, fe, cu, mn, mg, cr, V, sr, nb, re (Y) in the die-cast aluminum alloy of this comparative example is shown in table 4, and the other conditions are the same as in example 1. The die-cast aluminum alloy of this comparative example was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
Mechanical properties of the aluminum die-cast alloy ingots of each example and comparative example were tested. Wherein, the yield strength, the tensile strength and the elongation pass the tensile mechanical property test standard of the metal material: GB/228; the bending angle passes through a metal material bending angle test standard: VDA-238. The mechanical properties of the aluminum die-cast alloy ingots of each example and comparative example are shown in tables 1 to 4.
TABLE 1 chemical composition and mechanical Properties of die cast aluminum alloys of examples 1-5
TABLE 2 chemical composition and mechanical Properties of die-cast aluminum alloys of examples 6-11
TABLE 3 chemical composition and mechanical Properties of die-cast aluminum alloys of comparative examples 1 to 5
TABLE 4 chemical composition and mechanical Properties of die-cast aluminum alloys of comparative examples 6 to 11
From the die-cast aluminum alloys of examples 1 to 11 in tables 1 and 2, the mechanical properties satisfy the following requirements at the same time: the yield strength is more than or equal to 120MPa, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 240MPa, the elongation is more than or equal to 10 percent, the bending angle is more than or equal to 30 degrees, and the material is a qualified material capable of meeting the requirements of thin-wall structural members of vehicles.
From the comparison of example 1 and comparative example 1, the Si content in comparative example 1 was 6.0%, which is lower than the lower limit specified in the examples of the present invention, resulting in lower yield strength and tensile strength of the die-cast aluminum alloy, which did not meet the above acceptable standards.
From the comparison of example 1 and comparative example 2, the Si content in comparative example 2 was 9.0%, which is higher than the upper limit specified in the examples of the present invention, resulting in a die-cast aluminum alloy having a lower bending angle, failing to meet the above acceptable standards, indicating that the toughness of the die-cast aluminum alloy is poor.
As can be seen from the comparison between example 5 and comparative example 3, the Mn content in comparative example 3 is 0.6%, which is higher than the upper limit specified in the examples of the present invention, resulting in lower elongation and bending angle of the die-cast aluminum alloy, which does not meet the above acceptable standards, indicating poor ductility of the die-cast aluminum alloy.
As can be seen from the comparison between example 7 and comparative example 4, the content of Mg in comparative example 4 is 0.6%, which is higher than the upper limit specified in the examples of the present invention, resulting in lower elongation and bending angle of the die-cast aluminum alloy, which does not meet the above acceptable standards, indicating poor ductility of the die-cast aluminum alloy.
From the comparison of examples 8 to 9 and comparative example 5, the content of V in comparative example 5 was 0, which is lower than the lower limit specified in the examples of the present invention, resulting in lower yield strength and tensile strength of the die-cast aluminum alloy, which did not meet the above acceptable standards.
As can be seen from the comparison of examples 8 to 9 and comparative example 6, the content of V in comparative example 6 is 0.05%, which is higher than the upper limit prescribed in the examples of the present invention, resulting in lower yield strength and tensile strength of the die-cast aluminum alloy, which do not meet the above acceptable standards.
As can be seen from the comparison of examples 10 to 11 and comparative example 7, the rare earth element content of comparative example 7 is 0, which is lower than the lower limit specified in the examples of the present invention, resulting in lower yield strength and tensile strength of the die-cast aluminum alloy, which do not meet the above acceptable standards.
As can be seen from the comparison between examples 10 to 11 and comparative example 8, the rare earth element content in comparative example 8 was 500ppm, which is higher than the upper limit specified in the examples of the present invention, resulting in lower elongation and bending angle of the die-cast aluminum alloy, failing to meet the above acceptable standards, indicating poor ductility of the die-cast aluminum alloy.
As can be seen from the comparison between example 11 and comparative example 9, the content of Fe element in comparative example 9 is 0.5%, which is higher than the upper limit specified in the examples of the present invention, resulting in lower elongation and bending angle of die-cast aluminum alloy, which does not meet the above acceptable standards, indicating poor ductility of die-cast aluminum alloy.
From the comparison between example 11 and comparative example 10, the content of Nb in comparative example 10 is 0, which is lower than the lower limit specified in the examples of the present invention, resulting in lower elongation and bending angle of the die-cast aluminum alloy, which does not meet the above acceptable standards, indicating poor ductility and toughness of the die-cast aluminum alloy.
As can be seen from the comparison between example 11 and comparative example 11, the Nb content in comparative example 11 is 200ppm, which is higher than the upper limit specified in the examples of the present invention, resulting in lower elongation and bending angle of the die-cast aluminum alloy, which does not meet the above acceptable standards, indicating poor ductility of the die-cast aluminum alloy.
From the comparison of example 9 and comparative example 12, the use of Y instead of La and/or Ce for the rare earth element in comparative example 12 resulted in die-cast aluminum alloys having lower elongation and bending angle, which did not meet the above acceptable standards, indicating that die-cast aluminum alloys have poor ductility.
For purposes of this disclosure, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "a particular example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.
While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the invention, and that variations, modifications, alternatives and variations may be made to the above embodiments by one of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. An aluminum alloy, characterized by comprising the following components in terms of 100% of the total mass of the aluminum alloy: the content of Si is 6.5-8.5%; the content of Fe is less than or equal to 0.3 percent; the Cu content is less than or equal to 0.3 percent; the Mn content is 0.3-0.35%; the content of Mg is less than or equal to 0.5 percent; the content of Cr is less than or equal to 0.2 percent; the content of V is 0.002-0.02%; the content of Nb is 10-100ppm; the Sr content is 0.01-0.03%; the content of rare earth elements is 10-100ppm, and the rare earth elements are La and/or Ce; the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities.
2. The aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the content of Si is 6.5 to 7.5%; and/or Fe content is less than or equal to 0.15%; and/or the content of Cu is 0.001-0.3%; and/or the content of Mg is 0.1-0.5%; and/or the content of Cr is 0.1-0.2%; and/or the content of V is 0.005-0.02%; and/or the content of Nb is 30-80 ppm; and/or the Sr content is 0.02-0.03%; and/or the content of rare earth elements is 20-80 ppm.
3. The aluminum alloy according to claim 2, wherein the content of V is 0.005-0.01%.
4. The aluminum alloy according to claim 2, wherein the content of Nb is 40 to 60ppm.
5. The aluminum alloy according to claim 2, wherein the content of rare earth elements is 20 to 50ppm.
6. The aluminum alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the aluminum alloy has a tensile strength of 240MPa or more, a yield strength of 120MPa or more, an elongation of 10% or more, and a bending angle of 30 ° or more.
7. A method for producing an aluminum alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
Melting an aluminum raw material in a melting furnace to obtain an aluminum melt, and adding a Si raw material, a Cu raw material, a Mn raw material, a Cr raw material, a V raw material and a rare earth raw material into the aluminum melt to perform first melting to obtain a first alloy melt;
adding a deslagging agent into the first alloy melt to perform first deslagging treatment, adding Mg raw materials, nb raw materials and Sr raw materials to perform second smelting, and performing second deslagging treatment after first standing to obtain a second alloy melt;
Introducing inert gas mixed with a refining agent into the second alloy melt to carry out degassing refining to obtain a third alloy melt;
detecting the component content of the third alloy melt, standing for the second time after the detection result is qualified, and performing deslagging for the third time to obtain a fourth alloy melt;
And casting the fourth alloy melt into a die, and obtaining an aluminum alloy ingot after the alloy melt is solidified and formed.
8. The method of producing aluminum alloy according to claim 7, wherein the V raw material is an Al-V intermediate alloy, the Nb raw material is an Al-Nb-B refiner, and the rare earth raw material is an Al-rare earth intermediate alloy.
9. The method for producing an aluminum alloy according to claim 7, wherein the temperature of the first melting is 760 ℃ or higher, and the time of the first melting is not less than 20 minutes; and/or the temperature of the first deslagging treatment is above 730 ℃, the temperature of the second smelting is above 720 ℃, and the time of the second smelting is not less than 10min; and/or the temperature of the degassing refining is 720 ℃ or higher, and the time of the degassing refining is not less than 10min; and/or the casting temperature is 690-720 ℃.
10. An aluminum alloy die casting, characterized by being made of the aluminum alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
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