CN1179205A - Line light source including fluorescent colorant - Google Patents
Line light source including fluorescent colorant Download PDFInfo
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- CN1179205A CN1179205A CN 96192785 CN96192785A CN1179205A CN 1179205 A CN1179205 A CN 1179205A CN 96192785 CN96192785 CN 96192785 CN 96192785 A CN96192785 A CN 96192785A CN 1179205 A CN1179205 A CN 1179205A
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- light
- photoconductive tube
- light source
- line source
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Abstract
A line light source (10) includes point light source (16) and a light distribution assembly (11) for transporting light from the point source (16). A fluorescent colorant is included in the light distribution assembly (11).
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to adopt light source according to the photoconductive tube of the principle work of total internal reflection.Particularly, the present invention relates to comprise the line source of fluorescent colorant.
Background technology
The light source of using in traffic navigation is normally put or near point source.General example comprises signal lamp or the hazard lamp that is arranged on usually around the road construction zone.
Recently, line source has been introduced in the application of traffic control and dangerous visibility.At United States Patent (USP) the 5th, 043,850 (Dreyer, the typical line source that discloses in Jr.) number adopts at United States Patent (USP) the 4th, 805,984 (Cobb, the photoconductive tubes of the sort of type that discloses in Jr.) number.At least the opposite end optically-coupled of differentiated two kinds of line sources and photoconductive tube aspect an optical property.If different optical properties is a color, when optical circuit when a direction is seen will show first color, and when seeing the other way around, will show second color.At United States Patent (USP) the 5th, 258,896 (Dreyer, Jr.) the another kind of line sources of middle announcement.
Under the environment of low bias light, for example, at night or when heavy cloud gathers, line source provides good visibility to enlarge.Determined that the light source with basic power level low as 20 watts is enough to light line source under low bias light environment.Yet, the environment of high relatively bias light level (such as, for example, daytime situation) special visibility problem proposed.Because sunshine was white light originally, thus under sunshine the emission white light line source not as night obviously.Increase the emission white light line source daytime visibility a kind of method be to adopt higher wattage light source to improve brightness.This need energy will require for night situation the basic power level input said system of enough luminances is provided.When under the environment of low bias light, using line source, wasted this additional energy in fact.
Increase line source daytime visibility second method be with chromatic filter be positioned at light source neighbouring producing colourama, as at United States Patent (USP) the 5th, 043, disclosed in 850.Because with the contrast of background white light, the multi-color cord light source is more remarkable than achromaticity line source colourama.Yet, because chromatic filter absorbs a part of white light by light emitted, so this method also needs additional-energy to produce required luminance.
Correspondingly, in this technology, need line source, described line source under the environment of high bias light (such as, for example, under the situation on daytime) highly significant.The line source that also needs the energy abundance in this technology, described line source do not need substantive increasing to be input to requirement and to provide luminance to produce the energy of the basic level of high luminance under with the situation at high bias light at night.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides the line source that under the environment of high background illumination, presents improved luminance.According to one embodiment of present invention, line source comprises photoconductive tube, light source and fluorescent colorant.Described photoconductive tube comprises the film of total internal reflection material; Described light source and photoconductive tube optical coupled are used for light is introduced first end of photoconductive tube; And described fluorescent colorant is in light indication film.In another embodiment of the present invention, preferably photoconductive tube is arranged on basically fully the inside of tubular casing.In this embodiment, film or cover can comprise fluorescent colorant.In yet another embodiment of the present invention, can adopt the film of the separation that comprises fluorescent colorant.Advantageously, fluorescent colorant is increased in the luminance of the line source in the environment of high bias light, and does not reduce the light output of the pipe in low bias light environment basically.
In another embodiment of the present invention, at least in tubular casing or the photoconductive tube comprises polymer substrate, colouring agent and hindered amine as light stabilizer, wherein colouring agent comprises at least a dyestuff of selecting from the family of thioxanthones, perylene diimide and thioindigo compound, and polymer substrate comprises Merlon.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is according to an embodiment line source of principle of the present invention profile along the part of its main shaft.
Fig. 2 is the profile with the line source shown in Figure 1 of its main shaft quadrature;
Fig. 3 is the figure that the experimental data that the optical property of photoluminescence line light source is in accordance with the principles of the present invention compared with non-photoluminescence line light source is shown.
Detailed description of the present invention
The structure of line source
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 are the profiles of one embodiment of the present of invention (being appointed as line source 10).Shown embodiment comprises light source 16 and light distribution component 11, and described smooth distribution component 11 comprises two common cylindrical hollow member with public major axis, that is, and and a the inside at another.Exterior part is firm (optically transparent basically over cap 12), and when preferable, it not necessarily.Inner part is thin-film light guide 14 optically transparent, total internal reflection basically.As used herein, term ' optical clear ' is widely used for describing the material that sends light and do not have significant diffusion and distortion.Particularly, as used herein, term ' optical clear ' should not got rid of the transmission special wavelength light, and therefore presents the material of colour at observer's eyes.The diameter of lid 12 can be enough greatly between lid 12 and photoconductive tube 14, producing space 13, but this is not necessarily equally.
In one embodiment of the invention, lid 12 is optically transparent cylindrical tube basically, preferably forms by dielectric acrylic acid or such as the polymeric material of polypropylene, polyurethane, polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride.In preferred embodiment, pipe comprises polycarbonate substrates.Yet, wish that lid 12 can be that difformity or different materials are to adapt to different application.For example, in certain made a gesture application, only the part for lid 12 comprised that optically transparent basically polymeric material may be desirable.
By must being optically transparent basically, and preferably easily bent, homogeneous make preferable photoconductive tube 14 with isotropic material.Suitable material comprises the acrylic acid that has 1.49 and 1.58 nominal index of refraction respectively and the Merlon that can fetch.Other possible material (selecting so that required function to be provided) comprises polypropylene, polyurethane, polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride.Usually, aspect high relatively refractive index and physical property, Merlon is preferable.
The film thickness that is fit to as photoconductive tube 14 is approximately 0.38 millimeter (minimum point from smooth inner surface to groove records).For this film, every centimetre of nearly 27 summits of girth are best.This film can be bent to cylindrical (its diameter is as about 7.6 centimetres little), and not influence the optical property of film basically.As special applications was desired, photoconductive tube 14 can be unitary part or the composite portion that combines.
In one embodiment of the invention, near an end of photoconductive tube 14 and lid 12, optical injector assembly 16 is set at least, is used to import light into photoconductive tube 14.Light beam is gone into assembly 16 and is comprised shell 18, and described shell can be made by any suitably material hard, weatherability, preferably has such as the metal of aluminium and makes.In the inside of shell 18 are light sources of part collimation.As shown in Figure 1, light source comprises lamp 20 and parabolic reflector 22.Yet, be interpreted as and can use other collimated light source.
If suitably light is introduced photoconductive tube 14, the optical property of the combination of the shape of body structure surface and selected material causes the total internal reflection of light so.
Fluorescent colorant
According to the present invention, the light distribution component of line source 10 is provided with fluorescent colorant to improve its luminance on daytime.As used herein, term " colouring agent " should mean the combination of giving any pigment or dyestuff or other material or the material of article with color or colourity or value.In one embodiment of the invention, lid 12 is provided with fluorescent colorant, and in another embodiment, photoconductive tube 14 is provided with fluorescent colorant.In yet another embodiment of the present invention, line source 10 can comprise the separating film with fluorescent colorant.Be interpreted as that the present invention also expects one or more combinations of these elements.
In preferred embodiment, fluorescent dye of the present invention is the dyestuff of selecting from the thioxanthones, perylene diimide of compound and thioindigo kind, as (being included in this by reference) of being disclosed in No. the 08/345th, 608, the common u.s. patent application serial number of transferring the possession of.The present invention's expection can be used for single fluorescent colorant or dyestuff article of the present invention are coated color, and perhaps expection can be used combination or one or more conventional colorants of one or more fluorescent colorants.
Typically, in article of the present invention, be included in about 0.01 and about 0.02 percentage by weight between, and preferable about 0.05 and about 0.07 percentage by weight between, and be preferably in about 0.1 and about 0.5 percentage by weight between fluorescent dye.Be interpreted as according to the present invention, can use the article that have in this extraneous dye load.Though dye load can change according to last utilization, for about 0.075 to 0.25mm thick film, these loads are typical.Yet if dyestuff is added to thicker film, so lower dye load can provide identical visual effect.Be familiar with known to the people of this technology as those, have the article that redye the material load and will present than brighter fluorescence of the article of light dye load and/or darker color with identical dyestuff.Yet the article with very high fluorescent dye load present the self-quenching phenomenon, and when luminescent dye molecule was absorbed with the energy of contiguous luminescent dye molecule emission, this phenomenon can take place.This self-quenching causes the minimizing of the fluorescent brightness of not expecting.
In certain embodiments, the colouring agent in article of the present invention comprises one or more dyestuffs of selecting from compound De perylene diimide, thioxanthones and thioindigo kind in fact.In other example, except those have been described, article can comprise that also other colouring agent such as pigment or other dyestuff is to regulate the color and the outward appearance of article.For example, Merlon typically has yellow shell.The pigment (being sometimes referred to as " building agent ") that can add in a small amount (for example, about 0.01 percentage by weight or still less) with in and yellow appearance.Also other non-fluorescence or conventional dyes or pigment can be added to the present invention.Yet, in selecting this dyestuff or dye load, answer SC, thereby dyestuff can not influence the performance of fluorescent dye widely.Do not wish that dyestuff or pigment weaken the transparency of article, because can weaken the retrodirective reflection of article like this.
Hindered amine (Hinded Amine) light stabilizer
Hindered amine as light stabilizer (HALS) is included among the fluorescence embodiment of the present invention.Recognize as the person skilled in the art, owing to do not recommend amine is combined with Merlon, so how much this is surprising combination.Know that traditionally amine chemically reacts to the carbonyl of Merlon, thereby the degraded Merlon (for example, is seen Schell and is shown
The chemistry of Merlon and physics, the 183rd, 1964 page)
Do not plan to be subjected to the restriction of principle, believe degraded and/or the reaction (also undefined) of combination prevention between dyestuff and Merlon, otherwise this will take place according to space of the present invention hindered amine, polycarbonate substrates and dyestuff.In now known scope, obtain the advantage of this embodiment of the present invention by dyestuff as described herein, matrix material and hindered amine as light stabilizer.Consider to make dyestuff according to the present invention take on the singlet oxygen sensitizer.Suppress the common energy change of variable that takes place from the triplet of dyestuff to generate the activation singlet oxygen by ground state molecule oxygen.Then, singlet oxygen can at random react with dyestuff, and this causes the dyestuff degraded.On the other hand, singlet oxygen can react with polymer, and this causes the degraded of Merlon.Yet the typical hindered amine as light stabilizer of Ti Chuing can directly suppress singlet oxygen formation in the present invention, stops the initiation of degradation reaction.Hindered amine as light stabilizer can also stop the side reaction that is caused by polymeric oxides.These reactions comprise several free radicals or peroxide-based chain reaction, and these reactions are considered to occur in the photooxidation of the Merlon that can cause polymer and dyestuff degraded.Stop these reactions to increase the durability of Merlon and the dyestuff in fuel system.
Such as 2,2, any hindered amine as light stabilizer of 6,6 tetraalkyl piperidine compounds is to be suitable for of the present inventionly, but owing to obtain easily the tetramethyl piperidine compound, preferably with 2,2,6,6 tetramethyl piperidine compounds are as hindered amine as light stabilizer.Hindered amine as light stabilizer is included in the article of the present invention (from about 0.05 to about 1.00 percentage by weights and be preferably from about 0.10 to 0.75 percentage by weight with preferably from about 0.1 to 0.5 percentage by weight).
Utilization and operation
In operation, from the light of lamp 20 radiation or directly enter photoconductive tube 14, perhaps be reflected into photoconductive tube by reflector 22.If line source 10 comprises absorber 24 as mentioned above, absorber 24 will absorb highly not collimated light so.To introduce photoconductive tube 14 from the residue light of optical injector assembly 16.Because photoconductive tube 14 is propagated downwards along the length of photoconductive tube 14 so enter most of light of photoconductive tube 14, and is not absorbed or otherwise is eliminated according to the total internal reflection principle operation.Owing to all photoconductive tube 14 is sealed at each end, so unique method that the light in photoconductive tube can leave is by spilling.
Because the shortcoming of photoconductive tube 14 (such as anisotropy of material, or structural shortcoming), take place from photoconductive tube 14 light leaks.Leave photoconductive tube by spilling the light that leaves photoconductive tube to inject the substantially the same angle of the incidence angle of photoconductive tube with it.This and contrasting of recognizing in the prior art from the formation of photoconductive tube extraction light, wherein rely on diffuser or withdrawal device, change the direction of the light ray in photoconductive tube widely by scattering, thereby ray is injected the inner surface of photoconductive tube with the angle of the incidence angle that is near the mark.When near the angle photoconductive tube tubular axis was observed, this technology produced less relatively intensity, and the present invention produces the opposite effect.
Advantageously, when being provided with under the environment at high bias light, activating fluorescent colorant in line source 10 by bias light, and fluoresce according to line source 10 of the present invention.Fluorescigenic light is increased in the luminance of the line source in the environment of high bias light.
On the contrary, under the environment of low bias light condition (such as, for example, night illumination), light source 16 is lighted line source 10.Under the environment of low bias light, use fluorescent colorant that two benefits are provided.The first, determined to be included in the optical property that can not significantly reduce the line source 10 in the environment of low bias light in the light distribution component at the fluorescent colorant in the above-mentioned concentration range.More precisely, when light source 16 was light source, the lime green fluorescent colorant did not reduce the illuminance of line source 10, and will increase the illuminance of line source 10.This will further be discussed among the embodiment 2 below.
Second advantage that combines with the utilization of lime green fluorescent colorant is to comprise that fluorescent colorant does not change the color at the light source at night.Do not want to be subjected to the restriction of principle, the applicant believes owing to the total amount with respect to the light that sends by light distribution component 11, is less relatively from light distribution component 11 emitted fluorescence light quantities, and line source 10 lime green fluorescence can't occur at night.Therefore, in fact removing fluorescence, and particularly under the normal vision condition, is invisible for people's bore hole.Be yellow because the traffic rules in the handbook of unified traffic control device require to be used to distinguish the line source of traffic hazard when be used in the left side of road, and when being used in the right side of road, it is yellow and white, this is a tool important feature of the present invention.Line source with fluorescent colorant presents the luminance on daytime of increase, and is consistent with the rule of managing night illumination.
According to principle of the present invention, utilization fluorescence membrane and clear cover of light and photoconductive tube structural line light source.With two tangible color fluorescence films: the yellow fluorescence membrane of Huang-green fluorescence film and chrysanthemum covers the interactive portion of line source.The outer surface of fluorescence membrane and optical clarity cover links to each other, and line source is arranged in the experiment place of Cottage Grove of Minnesotan 3M Transportation Safety Center of the U.S..Under various daytime lighting environment, see line source from various angles.When partly comparing with the optical clarity of line source, under Zhao Ming the environment, the fluorescence of line source part obviously presents good luminance by day.
Under the environment of night illumination, relatively the optical property of five line sources is included in effect in the light distribution component with decision with fluorescent colorant.As shown in Figure 3, presentation of results is included in the lime green fluorescent colorant and does not reduce light output in the line source basically, and may increase the light output of line source under low background illumination environment.
Four color light sources are compared with the optical clarity line source.Every kind of color light source comprises optical clear photoconductive tube and colored cover basically.The test four kinds of colors be: the fluorescence lime green, amber, fluorescence is amber and fluorescent red.Every kind of line source is grown up about 20 feet (6.1 meters) and diameter is 6.0 inches (15.25 centimetres).Every kind of line source at one end links to each other with 12 volts of OsramAR111 light sources, and the utilization luminometer is at interval carrying out brightness and reads in the place of a foot (30.5 centimetres) with light source.The result as shown in Figure 3, it plots function from light source distance with the output of the measuring light of line source.The light output of solid line 1 expression optical clarity line source.The light output of broken broken line 2 expression fluorescence lime green line sources.The light output of the amber line source of broken broken line 3 expressions.The light output of the amber line source of broken broken line 4 expression fluorescence.The light output of broken broken line 5 expression fluorescent red line sources.
Fig. 3 is illustrated in the most of length range of light source, and the light output ratio of the fluorescence lime green line source light of optical clarity line source is basically exported big.Correspondingly, the utilization of lime green fluorescent colorant can also promote the luminance at night of line source.
Claims (7)
1. line source is characterized in that, comprising:
Light source;
With the coupling of described light source light and comprise the light distribution component of fluorescent colorant.
2. line source as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:
The light distribution component comprises and the photoconductive tube of described light source light coupling that described photoconductive tube comprises thin total internal reflection film, and has to be arranged on and be used near the described light source to receive from first end of the light of described light source and the length that stretches from described first end.
3. line source as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that:
Described smooth distribution component also is included near second film that stretches and comprise fluorescent colorant of described photoconductive tube.
4. line source as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that:
Described smooth distribution component also comprises the hollow tubular cover of the length that has first end and stretch from described first end, and at least a portion of described cover comprises optically transparent material basically.
5. line source as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that:
Described photoconductive tube is arranged on the inside of described cover basically fully, and stretches along at least a portion of the described length of described cover.
6. line source is characterized in that, comprising:
Light source;
With the light distribution component of described light source optical coupled, and comprise:
(a) a hollow tubular cover has first end and second end and has the length that stretches along the main shaft of described cover, and at least a portion of described cover comprises optically transparent basically material;
(b) be arranged on the inside of at least a portion of the described length of described cover basically fully, and the photoconductive tube that stretches along its, described light indication film comprises the film of total internal reflection material in fact;
(c) fluorescent colorant.
7. line source is characterized in that, comprising:
Light source;
With the light distribution component of described light source light coupling, and comprise:
(a) a hollow tubular cover has first end and second end and has the length that stretches along the main shaft of described cover, and at least a portion of described cover comprises optically transparent material basically;
(b) be arranged on the inside of at least a portion of the described length of described cover basically fully, and the photoconductive tube that stretches along its, described light indication film comprises the film of total internal reflection material in fact;
Wherein in tubular casing or the described photoconductive tube comprises polymer substrate, colouring agent and hindered amine as light stabilizer at least, and wherein said colouring agent comprises that at least a dyestuff and the polymer substrate of selecting from the family of thioxanthones, perylene diimide and thioindigo compound comprises Merlon.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 96192785 CN1179205A (en) | 1995-03-23 | 1996-01-24 | Line light source including fluorescent colorant |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/409,332 | 1995-03-23 | ||
| CN 96192785 CN1179205A (en) | 1995-03-23 | 1996-01-24 | Line light source including fluorescent colorant |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1179205A true CN1179205A (en) | 1998-04-15 |
Family
ID=5128470
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 96192785 Pending CN1179205A (en) | 1995-03-23 | 1996-01-24 | Line light source including fluorescent colorant |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1179205A (en) |
-
1996
- 1996-01-24 CN CN 96192785 patent/CN1179205A/en active Pending
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