CN117885920B - A deployment mechanism suitable for a space dust particle collection device - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an unfolding mechanism suitable for a space dust collection device, and relates to the field of space sample collection. The unfolding mechanism includes a dust collection box and a driving assembly. There are multiple dust collection boxes, and the multiple dust collection boxes are connected in sequence. The driving assembly is connected to the multiple dust collection boxes in a transmission manner, and is used to drive the multiple dust collection boxes to unfold or stack. Each dust collection box includes a box body and an aerogel, and the aerogel is fixed on the box body. The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the multiple dust collection boxes of this scheme can be unfolded when in use, and can be stored in a stacked state when not in use, which can achieve the effects of high folding and unfolding ratio and large exposure area, and aerogel is used to smoothly collect and obtain space dust samples from multiple sources such as asteroids, comets, and primitive nebulae, providing research samples for studying the origin and early evolution history of the solar system.

Description

A deployment mechanism suitable for a space dust particle collection device

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of space sample collection, and in particular to a deployment mechanism suitable for a space dust particle collection device.

Background Art

Some interplanetary dust particles come from comets and asteroids; some are the most primitive materials in the solar system that remain during the formation and evolution of the solar system; and some dust particles come from outside the solar system and are an important component of the original solar nebula. It can be used to study the material composition and origin of the original solar nebula, as well as the material condensation and evolution process of the early solar system.

Interplanetary dust particles are micrometer-sized, move at high speeds, and have great kinetic energy. The high-speed impact of interplanetary dust particles can damage the surface of spacecraft and cause the spacecraft to lose its function. Therefore, the physical parameters such as the size, speed, and flux of dust particles are crucial to the safety and reliability of spacecraft.

The existing dust collection methods mainly include:

1) The earliest collection of stratospheric dust particles was in 1970, using high-altitude balloons. Due to the limited collection altitude, usually only a few thousand meters, it was the first time that extraterrestrial materials were confirmed to have been collected, but the collected samples were mainly composed of terrestrial materials.

2) Using rockets to collect, the collection effect is not ideal because the time spent in the air is short (about 1 minute).

3) Interstellar dust has been collected in space for nearly 40 years. There are two main ways to collect dust: one is from the residue of impact on the surface of spacecraft, and the other is to passively receive dust using a particle collection device. In 2015, the Japanese Dandelion mission device was equipped with a capture plate, which is mainly used to capture micrometeoroids and space debris. The capture plate is equipped with the latest ultra-low density (0.01g/ ^cm3 ) silica aerogel developed by the International Space Station to collect microorganisms, organic matter and interstellar dust for astrobiological research.

However, there is still a lack of sample collection in the near-Earth orbit in China. International research on interplanetary dust particles mainly comes from dust particles collected in the stratosphere and the International Space Station, as well as dust samples returned from small celestial body exploration sampling and return missions. The collection area is small and the number of samples that can be obtained is small. In addition, interplanetary dust particles are also collected in the deep sea and polar ice sheets, but they are strongly affected by atmospheric ablation and surface weathering.

In view of the above problems, the present invention proposes an unfolding mechanism for a space dust particle collection device to achieve a high folding/expansion ratio and break through the collection area, thus providing technical support for subsequent on-orbit tests and payload design of a space station.

Summary of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is how to collect interplanetary dust particles.

The technical solution of the present invention for solving the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: a deployment mechanism suitable for a space dust collection device, comprising a dust collection box and a driving assembly, wherein the dust collection boxes are multiple, and the multiple dust collection boxes are connected in sequence, and the driving assembly is transmission-connected to the multiple dust collection boxes for driving the multiple dust collection boxes to deploy or stack them, and each of the dust collection boxes comprises a box body and an aerogel, and the aerogel is fixed on the box body.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the multiple dust collection boxes of this scheme can be unfolded when in use, and can be stored in a stacked state when not in use, which can achieve the effects of high folding/expansion ratio and large exposure area. Aerogel can be used to successfully collect space dust samples from multiple sources such as asteroids, comets, and primordial nebulae, providing research samples for studying the origin and early evolution history of the solar system.

Based on the above technical solution, the present invention can also be improved as follows.

Furthermore, the unfolding mechanism suitable for the space dust collection device also includes a connecting rod assembly, the multiple dust collection boxes are hinged in sequence, the connecting rod assembly is hinged to the multiple dust collection boxes respectively, and the driving assembly is transmission-connected to the connecting rod assembly.

The beneficial effect of adopting the above further solution is that one driving assembly enables multiple dust collection boxes to be unfolded or stored through the connecting rod assembly, thereby saving power.

Furthermore, the unfolding mechanism applicable to the space dust collection device also includes a plurality of hinge components, and two adjacent dust collection boxes are hinged by at least one of the hinge components.

Furthermore, each of the hinged components includes a bayonet, and both ends of the bayonet are respectively hinged to two adjacent dust collection boxes.

Furthermore, each of the hinged components also includes two gears, and the two gears are respectively fixedly connected to two adjacent dust collection boxes, and the two gears are meshed.

The beneficial effect of adopting the above further solution is that when two adjacent dust collecting boxes rotate relative to each other, the two gears mesh with each other and rotate, thereby ensuring the rotation reliability of the two dust collecting boxes.

Furthermore, there are four dust collection boxes, namely a first box, a second box, a third box and a fourth box connected in sequence.

Further, the connecting rod assembly includes a first connecting rod, a second connecting rod, a third connecting rod, a fourth connecting rod, a fifth connecting rod, a sixth connecting rod and a seventh connecting rod, one end of the first connecting rod is transmission connected to the driving assembly, and the other end is hinged to one end of the second connecting rod, the other end of the second connecting rod is hinged to one end of the third connecting rod, the middle part of the third connecting rod is hinged to one end of the first box body and one end of the second box body respectively, the other end of the third connecting rod is hinged to one end of the fourth connecting rod, the other end of the fourth connecting rod is hinged to one end of the fifth connecting rod, the middle part of the fifth connecting rod is hinged to the other end of the second box body and the other end of the third box body respectively, the other end of the fifth connecting rod is hinged to one end of the sixth connecting rod, the other end of the sixth connecting rod is hinged to one end of the seventh connecting rod, and the other end of the seventh connecting rod is hinged to one end of the third box body and one end of the fourth box body respectively.

The beneficial effect of adopting the above further scheme is: the driving assembly drives the first connecting rod to rotate, thereby driving the second box body, the third box body and the fourth box body to be unfolded or folded and stored through the second connecting rod, the third connecting rod, the fourth connecting rod, the fifth connecting rod, the sixth connecting rod and the seventh connecting rod.

Furthermore, the deployment mechanism suitable for the space dust collection device also includes a steel wire rope, the driving assembly is installed on the dust collection box at one end of the multiple dust collection boxes, one end of the steel wire rope is fixedly connected to the driving assembly, and the other end is fixedly connected to the dust collection box at the other end of the multiple dust collection boxes.

The beneficial effect of adopting the above further solution is that when the driving assembly drives the multiple dust collection boxes to unfold through the connecting rod assembly, one end of the wire rope is wound around the output shaft of the driving assembly to gradually shorten the wire rope. When the multiple dust collection boxes are fully unfolded, the wire rope is tightened to prevent the multiple dust collection boxes from rebounding.

Furthermore, each of the dust particle collection boxes also includes an aerogel fixing frame, which is fixedly connected to the box body, and the aerogel is sandwiched between the box body and the aerogel fixing frame.

The beneficial effect of adopting the above further solution is that the aerogel fixing frame presses the aerogel and fixes it on the box body.

Furthermore, the aerogel fixing frame includes a plurality of aerogel transverse baffles, a plurality of aerogel side baffles, a plurality of aerogel cover plates and a plurality of fixing screws. The plurality of aerogel transverse baffles are parallel to each other and are arranged at intervals in the longitudinal direction. The plurality of aerogel side baffles are parallel to each other and are arranged at intervals in the transverse direction. The plurality of aerogel transverse baffles and the plurality of aerogel side baffles are arranged in a criss-cross pattern. The plurality of aerogel cover plates are correspondingly covered on the plurality of aerogel side baffles. The plurality of fixing screws pass through the aerogel cover plates and the corresponding aerogel transverse baffles and aerogel side baffles, and are fixedly connected to the box body.

The beneficial effect of adopting the above further scheme is that multiple aerogel cross baffles and multiple aerogel side baffles form a grid structure, the aerogel cover plate covers the outside of the aerogel cross baffles and the aerogel side baffles, and the fixing screws fix the aerogel cover plate, the aerogel cross baffles and the aerogel side baffles to the box body.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG1 is a front view of a deployed mechanism of a space dust particle collection device according to the present invention in a stored state;

FIG2 is a bottom view of a deployed mechanism of a space dust collection device according to the present invention in a stored state;

FIG3 is a front view of an unfolding mechanism of a space dust particle collection device according to the present invention in an unfolded state;

FIG4 is a bottom view of an unfolding mechanism of a space dust particle collection device according to the present invention in an unfolded state;

FIG5 is a front view of the dust collecting box of the present invention;

FIG6 is a front view of a drive assembly of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a bottom view of the drive assembly of the present invention.

In the accompanying drawings, the components represented by the reference numerals are listed as follows:

1. dust particle collection box; 11. frame; 12. material plate; 13. aerogel cross baffle; 14. aerogel side baffle; 15. aerogel cover; 16. aerogel; 17. adapter; 18. latch; 19. gear;

2. Connecting rod assembly; 21. First connecting rod; 22. Second connecting rod; 23. Third connecting rod; 24. Fourth connecting rod; 25. Fifth connecting rod; 26. Sixth connecting rod; 27. Seventh connecting rod; 28. Pin; 29. Special screw;

3. Drive assembly; 31. Motor; 32. Drive box cover; 33. Wire rope guide shaft; 34. Motor drive shaft; 35. Wire rope adapter.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The principles and features of the present invention are described below. The examples given are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.

As shown in Figures 1 to 7, this embodiment provides an unfolding mechanism suitable for a space dust collection device, including a dust collection box 1 and a driving assembly 3. The dust collection box 1 is multiple, and the multiple dust collection boxes 1 are connected in sequence. The driving assembly 3 is transmission-connected to the multiple dust collection boxes 1 and is used to drive the multiple dust collection boxes 1 to unfold or stack. Each of the dust collection boxes 1 includes a box body and an aerogel 16, and the aerogel 16 is fixed on the box body.

In this scheme, multiple dust collection boxes 1 can be unfolded when in use, and can be stored in a stacked state when not in use, which can achieve the effect of high folding and unfolding ratio and large exposure area. Aerogel can be used to successfully collect space dust samples from multiple sources such as asteroids, comets, and primitive nebulae, providing research samples for studying the origin and early evolution history of the solar system.

Among them, the multiple dust collection boxes 1 can be unfolded to be located in the same plane; or unfolded to a specific shape, for example, unfolded to adjacent dust collection boxes 1 to form a preset angle, or multiple dust collection boxes 1 to form a cylindrical structure, etc.

Optionally, the plurality of dust collection boxes 1 are slidably connected or hinged in sequence. When the plurality of dust collection boxes 1 are slidably connected in sequence, the drive assembly 3 is a telescopic drive mechanism, such as a cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder or an electric telescopic rod, and the drive assembly 3 is installed on the dust collection box 1 at one end of the plurality of dust collection boxes 1, and its telescopic end is connected to the dust collection box 1 at the other end.

In one specific example, the unfolding mechanism suitable for the space dust collection device also includes a connecting rod assembly 2, a plurality of the dust collection boxes 1 are hinged in sequence, the connecting rod assembly 2 is hinged to the plurality of the dust collection boxes 1 respectively, and the driving assembly 3 is transmission-connected to the connecting rod assembly 2.

A driving assembly 3 enables a plurality of dust collecting boxes 1 to be unfolded or stored through a connecting rod assembly 2, thereby saving power.

On the basis of the above technical solution, the unfolding mechanism applicable to the space dust collection device further includes a plurality of hinge components, and two adjacent dust collection boxes 1 are hinged by at least one of the hinge components.

As shown in Fig. 5, in one specific example, two adjacent dust collecting boxes 1 are hingedly connected by two hinge assemblies arranged at intervals. There may also be three or more hinge assemblies between two adjacent dust collecting boxes 1.

On the basis of the above technical solution, each of the hinged components includes a bayonet pin 18 , and both ends of the bayonet pin 18 are respectively hinged to two adjacent dust collecting boxes 1 .

On the basis of the above technical solution, each of the hinged components further includes two gears 19 , and the two gears 19 are respectively fixedly connected to two adjacent dust collecting boxes 1 , and the two gears 19 are meshed.

When two adjacent dust collecting boxes 1 rotate relative to each other, the two gears 19 mesh with each other and rotate, thereby ensuring the rotation reliability of the two dust collecting boxes 1.

Specifically, the hinge assembly also includes two adapters 17, which are respectively fixed to two adjacent dust collection boxes 1, the two ends of the latch 18 are respectively hinged to the two adapters 17 through pins, and the two gears 19 are respectively fixedly connected to the two adapters 17 through screws.

On the basis of the above technical solution, the number of the dust particle collecting boxes 1 is four, namely a first box, a second box, a third box and a fourth box which are connected in sequence.

On the basis of the above technical solution, the connecting rod assembly 2 includes a first connecting rod 21, a second connecting rod 22, a third connecting rod 23, a fourth connecting rod 24, a fifth connecting rod 25, a sixth connecting rod 26 and a seventh connecting rod 27, one end of the first connecting rod 21 is transmission-connected to the driving assembly 3, and the other end is hinged to one end of the second connecting rod 22, the other end of the second connecting rod 22 is hinged to one end of the third connecting rod 23, and the middle part of the third connecting rod 23 is hinged to one end of the first box body and one end of the second box body respectively. The other end of the three-link 23 is hinged to one end of the fourth link 24, the other end of the fourth link 24 is hinged to one end of the fifth link 25, the middle part of the fifth link 25 is hinged to the other end of the second box body and the other end of the third box body respectively, the other end of the fifth link 25 is hinged to one end of the sixth link 26, the other end of the sixth link 26 is hinged to one end of the seventh link 27, and the other end of the seventh link 27 is hinged to one end of the third box body and one end of the fourth box body respectively.

The driving assembly 3 drives the first connecting rod 21 to rotate, thereby driving the second box body, the third box body and the fourth box body to be unfolded or folded and stored through the second connecting rod 22, the third connecting rod 23, the fourth connecting rod 24, the fifth connecting rod 25, the sixth connecting rod 26 and the seventh connecting rod 27.

Specifically, the driving assembly 3 includes a motor 31, a driving box cover 32 and a motor driving shaft 34. The motor 31 is fixedly connected to the driving box cover 32, the driving box cover 32 is fixedly connected to the dust collection box 1, the output shaft of the motor 31 is inserted into the motor driving shaft 34 and fixedly connected thereto, the motor 31 drives the motor driving shaft 34 to rotate, and one end of the first connecting rod 21 is fixedly connected to the motor driving shaft 34.

Specifically, as shown in Figures 2 and 4, which are structural diagrams of the storage state and the unfolded state of the connecting rod assembly 2, the first connecting rod 21 is fixedly connected to the motor drive shaft 34, the third connecting rod 23 is connected to the first box body and the second box body through a pin 28, the fifth connecting rod 25 is connected to the second box body and the third box body through a pin 28, and the seventh connecting rod 27 is connected to the third box body and the fourth box body through a pin 28; the two ends of the second connecting rod 22 are respectively connected to the first connecting rod 21 and the third connecting rod 23 through special screws 29, the two ends of the fourth connecting rod 24 are respectively connected to the third connecting rod 23 and the fifth connecting rod 25 through special screws 29, and the two ends of the sixth connecting rod 26 are respectively connected to the fifth connecting rod 25 and the seventh connecting rod 27 through special screws 29.

Optionally, the dust collection box 1 can also be set to other numbers, such as five or more than six. The arrangement of the connecting rod assembly 2 can be set with reference to the above scheme, and adjacent dust collection boxes 1 are hinged by transition connecting rods (such as the third connecting rod 23, the fifth connecting rod 25 or the seventh connecting rod 27), and adjacent transition connecting rods are hinged by long connecting rods (such as the fourth connecting rod 24 or the sixth connecting rod 26).

On the basis of the above technical solution, the unfolding mechanism suitable for the space dust collection device also includes a steel wire rope, the driving component 3 is installed on the dust collection box 1 at one end of the multiple dust collection boxes 1, one end of the steel wire rope is fixedly connected to the driving component 3, and the other end is fixedly connected to the dust collection box 1 at the other end of the multiple dust collection boxes 1.

When the driving assembly 3 drives the multiple dust collecting boxes 1 to unfold through the connecting rod assembly 2, one end of the wire rope is wound around the output shaft of the driving assembly 3 to gradually shorten the wire rope. When the multiple dust collecting boxes 1 are fully unfolded, the wire rope is tightened to prevent the multiple dust collecting boxes 1 from rebounding.

The middle part of the steel wire rope can pass through the through hole on the dust collecting box 1, so as to guide the steel wire rope.

Specifically, as shown in Figures 6 and 7, the drive assembly 3 also includes a wire rope guide shaft 33 and a wire rope adapter 35. The wire rope adapter 35 is fixedly connected to the motor drive shaft 34 through a retaining spring and can rotate freely around its own axis. The through hole on the wire rope adapter 35 is used to place and fix the joint of the wire rope. There is at least one wire rope guide shaft 33, which is fixed to the drive box cover 32. After the other end of the wire rope passes around the wire rope guide shaft 33, it is fixedly connected to the dust particle collection box 1 at the farthest end.

On the basis of the above technical solution, each of the dust particle collection boxes 1 further includes an aerogel fixing frame, which is fixedly connected to the box body, and the aerogel 16 is sandwiched between the box body and the aerogel fixing frame.

The aerogel fixing frame presses and fixes the aerogel 16 on the box body.

On the basis of the above technical solution, the aerogel fixing frame includes a plurality of aerogel transverse baffles 13, a plurality of aerogel side baffles 14, a plurality of aerogel cover plates 15 and a plurality of fixing screws. The plurality of aerogel transverse baffles 13 are parallel to each other and are arranged at intervals in the longitudinal direction. The plurality of aerogel side baffles 14 are parallel to each other and are arranged at intervals in the transverse direction. The plurality of aerogel transverse baffles 13 and the plurality of aerogel side baffles 14 are arranged crisscrossed. The plurality of aerogel cover plates 15 are correspondingly covered on the plurality of aerogel side baffles 14. The plurality of fixing screws pass through the aerogel cover plates 15 and the corresponding aerogel transverse baffles 13 and the aerogel side baffles 14, and are fixedly connected to the box body.

A plurality of aerogel transverse baffles 13 and a plurality of aerogel side baffles 14 form a grid structure, an aerogel cover plate 15 covers the outside of the aerogel transverse baffles 13 and the aerogel side baffles 14, and fixing screws fix the aerogel cover plate 15, the aerogel transverse baffles 13 and the aerogel side baffles 14 to the box body.

Specifically, as shown in FIG5 , the box body includes a frame 11 and a material plate 12, the material plate 12 is fixed in the frame 11, and the aerogel fixing frame is fixedly connected to the material plate 12. The material plate 12 is provided with threaded holes, and the connection between the aerogel transverse baffle 13 and the aerogel side baffle 14 has a coaxially arranged through hole, and the fixing screw passes through the through hole of the aerogel cover plate 15, the aerogel side baffle 14 and the aerogel transverse baffle 13 and is threadedly fixedly connected to the material plate 12.

It should be noted that, in order to facilitate display of the position of the aerogel side baffle 14 , the aerogel cover plate 15 on the far left is hidden in FIG. 5 .

The present invention is a deployment mechanism suitable for a space dust collection device. During the deployment process, the motor 31 drives the first connecting rod 21 to rotate, and the first connecting rod 21 pulls the second connecting rod 22 and subsequent connecting rods, and drives multiple dust collection boxes 1 to be deployed synchronously through the parallelogram mechanism (i.e., the connecting rod assembly 2) and the gear 19 on the side wall of the box body. The motor drive shaft 34 rotates and drives the wire rope adapter 35 to rotate, tightening the wire rope. During the storage process, the motor 31 drives the first connecting rod 21 to rotate in the opposite direction, retracting the multiple dust collection boxes 1 to a stacked state, and loosening the wire rope at the same time.

The present invention is a deployment mechanism for a space dust particle collection device. It uses a parallelogram linkage mechanism to achieve the simultaneous deployment of multiple boxes and the tightening of the wire rope using only one motor, which greatly saves weight resources during the upward movement of the mechanism. The existing parallelogram mechanism can be used to expand the mechanism to multiple boxes, further improve the folding and unfolding ratio, and increase the collection area.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "left", "right", etc. indicate directions or positional relationships based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limitations on the present invention.

In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" or "above" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example" or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, unless they are contradictory.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. An unfolding mechanism suitable for a space dust collection device, characterized in that it comprises a dust collection box (1) and a driving assembly (3), wherein the dust collection box (1) is multiple, the multiple dust collection boxes (1) are connected in sequence, the driving assembly (3) is drivingly connected to the multiple dust collection boxes (1), and is used to drive the multiple dust collection boxes (1) to unfold or stack, each of the dust collection boxes (1) comprises a box body and an aerogel (16), and the aerogel (16) is fixed on the box body; It also comprises a connecting rod assembly (2), the plurality of dust collection boxes (1) are hinged in sequence, the connecting rod assembly (2) is hinged to the plurality of dust collection boxes (1) respectively, and the driving assembly (3) is drivingly connected to the connecting rod assembly (2); The number of the dust particle collection boxes (1) is four, namely a first box, a second box, a third box and a fourth box connected in sequence; The connecting rod assembly (2) comprises a first connecting rod (21), a second connecting rod (22), a third connecting rod (23), a fourth connecting rod (24), a fifth connecting rod (25), a sixth connecting rod (26) and a seventh connecting rod (27); one end of the first connecting rod (21) is drivingly connected to the driving assembly (3), and the other end is hinged to one end of the second connecting rod (22); the other end of the second connecting rod (22) is hinged to one end of the third connecting rod (23); the middle part of the third connecting rod (23) is hinged to one end of the first box body and one end of the second box body respectively; The other end of the rod (23) is hinged to one end of the fourth connecting rod (24), the other end of the fourth connecting rod (24) is hinged to one end of the fifth connecting rod (25), the middle part of the fifth connecting rod (25) is hinged to the other end of the second box body and the other end of the third box body, the other end of the fifth connecting rod (25) is hinged to one end of the sixth connecting rod (26), the other end of the sixth connecting rod (26) is hinged to one end of the seventh connecting rod (27), and the other end of the seventh connecting rod (27) is hinged to one end of the third box body and one end of the fourth box body. 2. An unfolding mechanism suitable for a space dust collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that it also comprises a plurality of hinge assemblies, and two adjacent dust collection boxes (1) are hingedly connected by at least one of the hinge assemblies. 3. An unfolding mechanism suitable for a space dust collection device according to claim 2, characterized in that each of the hinged components comprises a latch (18), and both ends of the latch (18) are respectively hinged to two adjacent dust collection boxes (1). 4. An unfolding mechanism suitable for a space dust collection device according to claim 2, characterized in that each of the hinged components further comprises two gears (19), the two gears (19) are respectively fixedly connected to two adjacent dust collection boxes (1), and the two gears (19) are meshed. 5. A deployment mechanism suitable for a space dust collection device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it also includes a steel wire rope, the driving component (3) is installed on the dust collection box (1) at one end of the multiple dust collection boxes (1), one end of the steel wire rope is fixedly connected to the driving component (3), and the other end is fixedly connected to the dust collection box (1) at the other end of the multiple dust collection boxes (1). 6. A deployment mechanism suitable for a space dust collection device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that each of the dust collection boxes (1) further comprises an aerogel fixing frame, the aerogel fixing frame is fixedly connected to the box body, and the aerogel (16) is sandwiched between the box body and the aerogel fixing frame. 7. An unfolding mechanism suitable for a space dust particle collection device according to claim 6, characterized in that the aerogel fixing frame comprises a plurality of aerogel transverse baffles (13), a plurality of aerogel side baffles (14), a plurality of aerogel cover plates (15) and a plurality of fixing screws, the plurality of aerogel transverse baffles (13) are parallel to each other and arranged at intervals in the longitudinal direction, the plurality of aerogel side baffles (14) are parallel to each other and arranged at intervals in the transverse direction, the plurality of aerogel transverse baffles (13) and the plurality of aerogel side baffles (14) are arranged in a crisscross manner, the plurality of aerogel cover plates (15) are correspondingly covered on the plurality of aerogel side baffles (14), and the plurality of fixing screws pass through the aerogel cover plates (15) and the corresponding aerogel transverse baffles (13) and the aerogel side baffles (14), and are fixedly connected to the box body.