CN117803338A - Remote monitoring method and intelligent control system for gas production wellhead - Google Patents
Remote monitoring method and intelligent control system for gas production wellhead Download PDFInfo
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- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
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Abstract
Description
技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及采气井口管理技术领域，具体涉及一种采气井口远程监控方法及智能化控制系统。The invention relates to the technical field of gas production wellhead management, and specifically relates to a gas production wellhead remote monitoring method and an intelligent control system.
背景技术Background technique
目前采气树上阀门控制普遍在使用最原始的人工操作，井场需要派专人值守或不定期的安排人员巡井，通过人工对采气树上阀门进行操作，浪费大量的人力，依靠操作人员经验操作，可能出现采气树上阀门开度调整不够精确的问题；很少部分采气井口采用远程开关策略进行阀门开关及井口节流阀流量调节，根据值守人员下达的操作指令，电动执行器执行各种操作，在一定程度上减少了人力的投入，但还是依靠远程值守的人员去分析判断后执行各种操作，同样可能出现采气树上阀门开度调整不够精确的问题。At present, the most primitive manual operation is generally used to control the valves on the gas production tree. The well site needs to send special personnel on duty or arrange personnel to patrol the well from time to time. The valves on the gas production tree are manually operated, which wastes a lot of manpower and relies on operators. Through empirical operation, there may be a problem that the valve opening adjustment on the gas production tree is not accurate enough; a few gas production wellheads use remote switching strategies to adjust valve switching and wellhead throttle valve flow. According to the operating instructions issued by the on-duty personnel, the electric actuator Performing various operations reduces manpower investment to a certain extent, but it still relies on remote personnel to perform various operations after analysis and judgment. The problem of inaccurate adjustment of the valve opening on the gas tree may also arise.
在专利公告号为CN114233272B的一篇中国专利中，公开了一种天然气气井智能开采控制方法，在其方案中主要包括开关井控制和气树上阀门的开度控制。而在采气树上阀门的开度控制过程中，该方案中并没有给出具体的采气树上阀门开度调节的程度，采气树上阀门开度的调节不够精确，而且采气树上阀门的调节，会影响井底压力，进而影响生产压差，生产压差过小，经济效益差，生产压差过大，气井产量递减快，采收率低。In a Chinese patent with patent announcement number CN114233272B, a method for intelligent production control of natural gas wells is disclosed, and its scheme mainly includes well opening and closing control and valve opening control on the gas tree. However, in the process of valve opening control on the gas tree, the scheme does not give a specific degree of adjustment of the valve opening on the gas tree. The adjustment of the valve opening on the gas tree is not accurate enough, and the adjustment of the valve on the gas tree will affect the bottom hole pressure, and then affect the production pressure difference. If the production pressure difference is too small, the economic benefits are poor, and if the production pressure difference is too large, the gas well production will decrease rapidly and the recovery rate will be low.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种采气井口远程监控方法及智能化控制系统，解决上述技术问题。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a gas production wellhead remote monitoring method and an intelligent control system to solve the above technical problems.
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案实现：The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
一种采气井口远程监控方法，包括以下步骤：A method for remote monitoring of gas production wellheads, including the following steps:
S1：计算气井在不同生产压差下的临界携液流量Q，所述的临界携液流量为井筒内开始发生液体聚集时气体的流速对应的流量，并在坐标系中生成对应的数据点，通过最小二乘法对数据点进行拟合，拟合公式为f(Q)，得到最小携液流量随生产压差变化的曲线；S1: Calculate the critical liquid-carrying flow rate Q of the gas well under different production pressure differences. The critical liquid-carrying flow rate is the flow rate corresponding to the gas flow rate when liquid accumulation begins to occur in the wellbore, and generate corresponding data points in the coordinate system. The data points are fitted by the least squares method, and the fitting formula is f(Q), and a curve of the minimum liquid-carrying flow rate changing with the production pressure difference is obtained;
以采气树上阀门的开度K作为自变量，采气树上阀门的流量Q作为因变量，获得开度-流量函数Q(K)；Taking the opening degree K of the valve on the gas production tree as the independent variable and the flow rate Q of the valve on the gas production tree as the dependent variable, the opening-flow function Q(K) is obtained;
S2：获取气井的最佳生产压差ΔPopt，设定生产压差范围[ΔPopt-p，ΔPopt+p]，其中p为预设的压差偏差值；S2: Obtain the optimal production pressure difference ΔP opt of the gas well, and set the production pressure difference range [ΔP opt -p, ΔP opt +p], where p is the preset pressure difference deviation value;
将所述的最佳生产压差ΔPopt代入拟合公式f(Q)，得到最佳临界携液流量Qopt；Substitute the optimal production pressure difference ΔP opt into the fitting formula f(Q) to obtain the optimal critical liquid-carrying flow rate Q opt ;
将所述的最佳临界携液流量Qopt代入开度-流量函数Q(K)，获取采气树上阀门的标准开度Ksta，并调节采气树上阀门的开度为标准开度Ksta；Substitute the optimal critical liquid-carrying flow Q opt into the opening-flow function Q(K) to obtain the standard opening K sta of the valve on the gas tree, and adjust the opening of the valve on the gas tree to the standard opening Ksta ;
S3：实时获取地层压力Pstr与井底流压Pwel，并计算对比生产压差ΔPcom＝Pstr-Pwel；S3: Obtain the formation pressure P str and bottom hole flow pressure P wel in real time, and calculate and compare the production pressure difference ΔP com =P str -P wel ;
当所述的对比生产压差时，以预设的固定压力间隔调节套管压力Pcas，并实时获取井底流压以计算对比生产压差，直至所述的对比生产压差等于ΔPopt。When compared to the production pressure difference , the casing pressure P cas is adjusted at a preset fixed pressure interval, and the bottom hole flow pressure is obtained in real time to calculate the comparative production pressure difference until the comparative production pressure difference is equal to ΔP opt .
作为本发明进一步的方案：在获取所述的开度-流量函数Q(K)的具体步骤如下所示：As a further solution of the present invention: the specific steps of obtaining the opening-flow function Q(K) are as follows:
以设定速度，缓慢减小采气树上阀门的开度，并且实时测量采气树上阀门处的流量；Slowly reduce the opening of the valve on the gas tree at the set speed, and measure the flow rate at the valve on the gas tree in real time;
以采气树上阀门的开度K为x轴坐标，流量m为y轴坐标，在坐标系中生成对应的数据库点，通过最小二乘法对数据点进行拟合，得到开度-流量曲线Q(K)。With the opening K of the valve on the gas tree as the x-axis coordinate and the flow m as the y-axis coordinate, the corresponding database points are generated in the coordinate system, and the data points are fitted by the least squares method to obtain the opening-flow curve Q(K).
作为本发明进一步的方案：测量采气树上阀门处的流量的过程中，以预设的固定距离间隔设置n个流量传感器，n为预设值，获取同一时刻上n个流量传感器的流量的均值，作为该时刻采气树上阀门的开度对应的流量。As a further solution of the present invention: in the process of measuring the flow rate at the valve on the gas production tree, n flow sensors are set at preset fixed distance intervals, n is the preset value, and the flow rate of n flow sensors at the same time is obtained. The average value is the flow rate corresponding to the opening of the valve on the gas tree at that moment.
作为本发明进一步的方案：计算所述的均值的过程中，当存在某一流量传感器的流量与均值间的差值大于预设值时，舍弃该流量传感器的流量，并重新计算均值。As a further solution of the present invention: during the process of calculating the average value, when the difference between the flow rate of a certain flow sensor and the average value is greater than the preset value, the flow rate of the flow sensor is discarded and the average value is recalculated.
作为本发明进一步的方案：所述的步骤S2中，设定采气树上阀门的开度范围[Kmin，Kmax]，并执行以下步骤：As a further solution of the present invention: in the step S2, set the opening range of the valve on the gas production tree [Kmin, Kmax], and perform the following steps:
当存在所述的标准开度Ksta≤Kmin时，将采气树上阀门的开度调整为Kmin；When the standard opening K sta ≤ K min exists, the opening of the valve on the gas tree is adjusted to K min ;
当存在所述的标准开度Ksta≥Kmax时，将采气树上阀门的开度调整为Kmax。When the standard opening K sta ≥ K max exists, the opening of the valve on the gas tree is adjusted to K max .
作为本发明进一步的方案：当所述的对比生产压差ΔPcom∈[ΔPopt-p，ΔPopt+p]时，不调节套管压力。As a further solution of the present invention: when the comparative production pressure difference ΔP com ∈ [ΔP opt -p, ΔP opt +p], the casing pressure is not adjusted.
作为本发明进一步的方案：在调节所述的套管压力Pcas套的过程，执行以下步骤：As a further solution of the present invention: in the process of adjusting the casing pressure Pcas , the following steps are performed:
设定套管压力调节范围[P'cas，P”cas]；Set the casing pressure adjustment range [P' cas , P” cas ];
当存在所述的套管压力Pcas在套管压力调节范围[P'cas，P”cas]内进行调节，无法使得所述的对比生产压差等于ΔPopt时，调节套管压力Pcas套使所述的对比生产压差ΔPcom∈[ΔPopt-p，ΔPopt+p]。When the casing pressure P cas is adjusted within the casing pressure adjustment range [P' cas , P" cas ] and the comparative production pressure difference cannot be equal to ΔP opt , adjust the casing pressure P cas casing Let the comparative production pressure difference ΔP com ∈ [ΔP opt -p, ΔP opt +p].
一种采气井口远程智能化控制系统，包括：A remote intelligent control system for gas production wellheads, including:
拟合模块：计算气井在不同生产压差下的临界携液流量Q，所述的临界携液流量为井筒内开始发生液体聚集时气体的流速对应的流量，并在坐标系中生成对应的数据点，通过最小二乘法对数据点进行拟合，拟合公式为f(Q)，得到最小携液流量随生产压差变化的曲线；Fitting module: Calculate the critical liquid-carrying flow rate Q of the gas well under different production pressure differences. The critical liquid-carrying flow rate is the flow rate corresponding to the gas flow rate when liquid accumulation begins to occur in the wellbore, and generates corresponding data in the coordinate system points, the data points are fitted by the least squares method, and the fitting formula is f(Q), and a curve of the minimum liquid-carrying flow rate changing with the production pressure difference is obtained;
以采气树上阀门的开度K作为自变量，采气树上阀门的流量Q作为因变量，获得开度-流量函数Q(K)；Taking the opening degree K of the valve on the gas production tree as the independent variable and the flow rate Q of the valve on the gas production tree as the dependent variable, the opening-flow function Q(K) is obtained;
调节模块：获取气井的最佳生产压差ΔPopt，设定生产压差范围[ΔPopt-p，ΔPopt+p]，其中p为预设的压差偏差值；Adjustment module: obtain the optimal production pressure difference ΔP opt of the gas well, and set the production pressure difference range [ΔP opt -p, ΔP opt +p], where p is the preset pressure difference deviation value;
将所述的最佳生产压差ΔPopt代入拟合公式f(Q)，得到最佳临界携液流量Qopt；Substitute the optimal production pressure difference ΔP opt into the fitting formula f(Q) to obtain the optimal critical liquid-carrying flow rate Q opt ;
将所述的最佳临界携液流量Qopt代入开度-流量函数Q(K)，获取采气树上阀门的标准开度Ksta，并调节采气树上阀门的开度为标准开度Ksta；Substitute the optimal critical liquid-carrying flow Q opt into the opening-flow function Q(K) to obtain the standard opening K sta of the valve on the gas tree, and adjust the opening of the valve on the gas tree to the standard opening Ksta ;
优化模块：实时获取地层压力Pstr与井底流压Pwel，并计算对比生产压差ΔPcom＝Pstr-Pwel；Optimization module: obtain the formation pressure P str and bottom hole flow pressure P wel in real time, and calculate and compare the production pressure difference ΔP com =P str -P wel ;
当所述的对比生产压差时，以预设的固定压力间隔调节套管压力Pcas，并实时获取井底流压，计算所述的对比生产压差，直至所述的对比生产压差等于ΔPopt。When the comparative production pressure difference When the casing pressure P cas is adjusted at a preset fixed pressure interval, the bottom hole flow pressure is obtained in real time, and the comparative production pressure difference is calculated until the comparative production pressure difference is equal to ΔP opt .
本发明的有益效果：在本发明，首先确定不同生产压差下的临界携液流量，并对其进行拟合，在实际情况中气井的生产压差会影响临界携液流量，当气井的生产压差增大时，油管中的流动损失很大，携液能力不足，举升不正常，积液较多，液体不能完全被气体携带出来，目前常用的临界携液流量计算公式为：q为临界携液流量，T为储层温度，Z为天然气在T温度、Pwel下对应的压缩系数，d为油管直径；接着确定气井的最佳生产压差，并根据最佳生产压差确定气井的临界携液流量，并调节采气树上阀门的开度，采气树上阀门的开度调节会影响井底流压，进而影响生产压差，因此先确定采气树上阀门的开度，防止后续调节采气树上阀门的开度对生产压差产生影响，同时根据临界携液流量调整采气树上阀门的开度，可以防止气井积液；之后调节套管压力以保证生产压差合理，在防止积液的同时，维持采气井的生产压差，保证气井的经济效益和采收率。Beneficial effects of the present invention: In the present invention, the critical liquid carrying flow rate under different production pressure differences is first determined and fitted. In actual situations, the production pressure difference of the gas well will affect the critical liquid carrying flow rate. When the production pressure difference of the gas well increases, the flow loss in the oil pipe is large, the liquid carrying capacity is insufficient, the lifting is abnormal, the liquid is more accumulated, and the liquid cannot be completely carried out by the gas. The currently commonly used critical liquid carrying flow rate calculation formula is: q is the critical liquid-carrying flow rate, T is the reservoir temperature, Z is the compression coefficient of natural gas at T temperature and Pwel, and d is the diameter of the oil pipe; then determine the optimal production differential pressure of the gas well, and determine the critical liquid-carrying flow rate of the gas well based on the optimal production differential pressure, and adjust the opening of the valve on the gas tree. The opening adjustment of the valve on the gas tree will affect the bottom hole flow pressure, and then affect the production differential pressure. Therefore, first determine the opening of the valve on the gas tree to prevent the subsequent adjustment of the opening of the valve on the gas tree from affecting the production differential pressure. At the same time, adjust the opening of the valve on the gas tree according to the critical liquid-carrying flow rate to prevent liquid accumulation in the gas well; then adjust the casing pressure to ensure a reasonable production differential pressure. While preventing liquid accumulation, maintain the production differential pressure of the gas well to ensure the economic benefits and recovery rate of the gas well.
附图说明Description of drawings
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步的说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
图1是本发明一种采气井口远程监控方法的流程示意图。FIG1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for remotely monitoring a gas wellhead according to the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
请参阅图1所示，本发明为一种采气井口远程监控方法，包括以下步骤：Referring to FIG. 1 , the present invention is a method for remotely monitoring a gas wellhead, comprising the following steps:
S1：计算气井在不同生产压差下的临界携液流量Q，所述的临界携液流量为井筒内开始发生液体聚集时气体的流速对应的流量，并在坐标系中生成对应的数据点，通过最小二乘法对数据点进行拟合，拟合公式为f(Q)，得到最小携液流量随生产压差变化的曲线；S1: Calculate the critical liquid-carrying flow rate Q of the gas well under different production pressure differences. The critical liquid-carrying flow rate is the flow rate corresponding to the gas flow rate when liquid accumulation begins to occur in the wellbore, and generate corresponding data points in the coordinate system. The data points are fitted by the least squares method, and the fitting formula is f(Q), and a curve of the minimum liquid-carrying flow rate changing with the production pressure difference is obtained;
以采气树上阀门的开度K作为自变量，采气树上阀门的流量Q作为因变量，获得开度-流量函数Q(K)；Taking the opening degree K of the valve on the gas production tree as the independent variable and the flow rate Q of the valve on the gas production tree as the dependent variable, the opening-flow function Q(K) is obtained;
S2：获取气井的最佳生产压差ΔPopt，设定生产压差范围[ΔPopt-p，ΔPopt+p]，其中p为预设的压差偏差值；S2: Obtain the optimal production pressure difference ΔP opt of the gas well, and set the production pressure difference range [ΔP opt -p, ΔP opt +p], where p is the preset pressure difference deviation value;
将所述的最佳生产压差ΔPopt代入拟合公式f(Q)，得到最佳临界携液流量Qopt；Substituting the optimal production pressure difference ΔP opt into the fitting formula f(Q) to obtain the optimal critical liquid carrying flow rate Q opt ;
将所述的最佳临界携液流量Qopt代入开度-流量函数Q(K)，获取采气树上阀门的标准开度Ksta，并调节采气树上阀门的开度为标准开度Ksta；Substitute the optimal critical liquid-carrying flow Q opt into the opening-flow function Q(K) to obtain the standard opening K sta of the valve on the gas tree, and adjust the opening of the valve on the gas tree to the standard opening Ksta ;
S3：实时获取地层压力Pstr与井底流压Pwel，并计算对比生产压差ΔPcom＝Pstr-Pwel；S3: Obtain the formation pressure P str and bottom hole flow pressure P wel in real time, and calculate and compare the production pressure difference ΔP com =P str -P wel ;
当所述的对比生产压差时，以预设的固定压力间隔调节套管压力Pcas，并实时获取井底流压以计算对比生产压差，直至所述的对比生产压差等于ΔPopt。When the comparative production pressure difference When the casing pressure P cas is adjusted at a preset fixed pressure interval, the bottom hole flow pressure is obtained in real time to calculate the comparative production pressure difference until the comparative production pressure difference is equal to ΔP opt .
需要说明的是，首先确定不同生产压差下的临界携液流量，并对其进行拟合，在实际情况中气井的生产压差会影响临界携液流量，当气井的生产压差增大时，油管中的流动损失很大，携液能力不足，举升不正常，积液较多，液体不能完全被气体携带出来，目前常用的临界携液流量计算公式为：q为临界携液流量，T为储层温度，Z为天然气在T温度、Pwel下对应的压缩系数，d为油管直径；接着确定气井的最佳生产压差，并根据最佳生产压差确定气井的临界携液流量，并调节采气树上阀门的开度，采气树上阀门的开度调节会影响井底流压，进而影响生产压差，因此先确定采气树上阀门的开度，防止后续调节采气树上阀门的开度对生产压差产生影响，同时根据临界携液流量调整采气树上阀门的开度，可以防止气井积液；之后调节套管压力以保证生产压差合理，在防止积液的前提下，维持采气井的生产压差，保证气井的经济效益和采收率。It should be noted that the critical liquid-carrying flow rate under different production pressure differences is first determined and fitted. In actual situations, the production pressure difference of the gas well will affect the critical liquid-carrying flow rate. When the production pressure difference of the gas well increases, , the flow loss in the oil pipe is large, the liquid carrying capacity is insufficient, the lifting is abnormal, there is a lot of liquid accumulation, and the liquid cannot be completely carried out by the gas. The commonly used critical liquid carrying flow calculation formula is: q is the critical liquid-carrying flow rate, T is the reservoir temperature, Z is the compression coefficient of natural gas at T temperature and Pwel, d is the diameter of the oil pipe; then determine the optimal production pressure difference of the gas well, and determine it based on the optimal production pressure difference The critical liquid carrying flow rate of the gas well and adjust the opening of the valve on the gas tree. Adjusting the opening of the valve on the gas tree will affect the bottom well flow pressure, which in turn affects the production pressure difference. Therefore, first determine the opening of the valve on the gas tree. , to prevent the subsequent adjustment of the opening of the valve on the gas tree from affecting the production pressure difference. At the same time, adjusting the opening of the valve on the gas tree according to the critical liquid carrying flow rate can prevent liquid accumulation in the gas well; and then adjust the casing pressure to ensure the production pressure. The difference is reasonable, and on the premise of preventing liquid accumulation, the production pressure difference of the gas production well is maintained to ensure the economic benefits and recovery rate of the gas well.
在本发明另一种优选的实施中，在获取所述的开度-流量函数Q(K)的具体步骤如下所示：In another preferred implementation of the present invention, the specific steps for obtaining the opening-flow function Q(K) are as follows:
以设定速度，缓慢减小采气树上阀门的开度，并且实时测量采气树上阀门处的流量；Slowly reduce the opening of the valve on the gas tree at the set speed, and measure the flow rate at the valve on the gas tree in real time;
以采气树上阀门的开度K为x轴坐标，流量m为y轴坐标，在坐标系中生成对应的数据库点，通过最小二乘法对数据点进行拟合，得到开度-流量曲线Q(K)。Taking the opening K of the valve on the gas production tree as the x-axis coordinate and the flow rate m as the y-axis coordinate, generate the corresponding database points in the coordinate system, fit the data points through the least squares method, and obtain the opening-flow curve Q (K).
而值得注意的是，首先通过改变阀门的开度来观察和测量对应的流量变化，从而收集到一组关于开度和流量的数据点；接着将这些数据点在二维坐标系中直观地展示开度和流量之间的关系；最后，最小二乘法通过最小化误差的平方和寻找数据的最佳函数匹配，找到一条最能代表实际数据的曲线，从而更准确地描述开度和流量之间的函数关系。It is worth noting that first, by changing the valve opening to observe and measure the corresponding flow changes, a set of data points about the opening and flow are collected; then these data points are intuitively displayed in a two-dimensional coordinate system to show the relationship between the opening and flow; finally, the least squares method is used to find the best function match for the data by minimizing the sum of squares of the errors, and to find a curve that best represents the actual data, thereby more accurately describing the functional relationship between the opening and flow.
在本发明另一种优选的实施中，测量采气树上阀门处的流量的过程中，以预设的固定距离间隔设置n个流量传感器，n为预设值，获取同一时刻上n个流量传感器的流量的均值，作为该时刻采气树上阀门的开度对应的流量。In another preferred implementation of the present invention, in the process of measuring the flow rate at the valve on the gas production tree, n flow sensors are set at preset fixed distance intervals, n is the preset value, and n flow rates at the same time are obtained. The average flow rate of the sensor is used as the flow rate corresponding to the opening of the valve on the gas tree at that moment.
可以理解的是，通过在预设的固定距离间隔设置多个流量传感器，可以从不同的角度和位置对流量进行测量，从而减少因个别传感器故障或误差导致的流量测量不准确的问题，计算均值则可以有效地消除单一测量点的随机误差，提高流量测量的准确性和稳定性。It can be understood that by arranging multiple flow sensors at preset fixed distance intervals, the flow can be measured from different angles and positions, thereby reducing the problem of inaccurate flow measurement caused by individual sensor failures or errors, and calculating the average This can effectively eliminate random errors at a single measurement point and improve the accuracy and stability of flow measurement.
在本发明另一种优选的实施中，计算所述的均值的过程中，当存在某一流量传感器的流量与均值间的差值大于预设值时，舍弃该流量传感器的流量，并重新计算均值。In another preferred implementation of the present invention, during the process of calculating the average value, when the difference between the flow rate of a certain flow sensor and the average value is greater than the preset value, the flow rate of the flow sensor is discarded and recalculated. mean.
需要注意的是，这样做的好处包括是：由于流量传感器可能存在故障或误差，导致其测量到的流量数据与其他传感器的数据相差较大，通过设置一个预设的差值阈值，可以有效地排除这些异常值，避免其对最终的均值计算结果产生较大的影响，舍弃异常值后，重新计算的均值更能反映真实情况，从而提高了流量测量的准确性。It should be noted that the benefits of this include: since the flow sensor may have faults or errors, resulting in a large difference between the flow data measured by it and the data of other sensors, by setting a preset difference threshold, it can effectively Exclude these outliers to prevent them from having a greater impact on the final mean calculation result. After discarding the outliers, the recalculated mean can better reflect the real situation, thereby improving the accuracy of the flow measurement.
在本发明另一种优选的实施中，所述的步骤S2中，设定采气树上阀门的开度范围[Kmin，Kmax]，并执行以下步骤：In another preferred implementation of the present invention, in step S2, the opening range of the valve on the gas tree is set [Kmin, Kmax], and the following steps are performed:
当存在所述的标准开度Ksta≤Kmin时，将采气树上阀门的开度调整为Kmin；When the standard opening K sta ≤ K min exists, the opening of the valve on the gas tree is adjusted to K min ;
当存在所述的标准开度Ksta≥Kmax时，将采气树上阀门的开度调整为Kmax。When the standard opening K sta ≥ K max exists, the opening of the valve on the gas tree is adjusted to K max .
需要说明的是，这样的好处是保护设备，延长其使用寿命，同时也能保障生产的安全和效率，具体的原因包括：确保采气树在最小开度下依然能够正常工作，防止因开度过小导致天然气无法正常流动；防止因开度过大导致的安全隐患以及超出设备工作范围的问题，保证采气树在最大开度下仍能稳定运行。It should be noted that the benefit of this is to protect the equipment, extend its service life, and at the same time ensure the safety and efficiency of production. The specific reasons include: ensuring that the gas tree can still work normally at the minimum opening, and preventing the gas tree from being damaged due to the opening. If it is too small, the natural gas cannot flow normally; it prevents safety hazards caused by excessive opening and problems beyond the working range of the equipment, and ensures that the gas tree can still operate stably at the maximum opening.
在本发明另一种优选的实施中，当所述的对比生产压差ΔPcom∈[ΔPopt-p，ΔPopt+p]时，不调节套管压力。In another preferred implementation of the present invention, when the comparative production pressure difference ΔP com ∈ [ΔP opt -p, ΔP opt +p], the casing pressure is not adjusted.
在本发明另一种优选的实施中，在调节所述的套管压力Pcas套的过程，执行以下步骤：In another preferred implementation of the present invention, in the process of adjusting the casing pressure P cas sleeve, the following steps are performed:
设定套管压力调节范围[P'cas，P”cas]；Set casing pressure adjustment range [P' cas , P" cas ];
当存在所述的套管压力Pcas在套管压力调节范围[P'cas，P”cas]内进行调节，无法使得所述的对比生产压差等于ΔPopt时，调节套管压力Pcas套使所述的对比生产压差ΔPcom∈[ΔPopt-p，ΔPopt+p]。When the casing pressure P cas is adjusted within the casing pressure adjustment range [P' cas , P" cas ] and the comparative production pressure difference cannot be equal to ΔP opt , adjust the casing pressure P cas casing Let the comparative production pressure difference ΔP com ∈ [ΔP opt -p, ΔP opt +p].
而值得注意的是，这是因为设定套管压力调节范围可以防止套管压力过高或过低，若套管压力过高，可能会导致油气从地层中过早排出，从而影响产量；若套管压力过低，则可能无法将油气有效地从地层中提取出来，同样会影响产量。It is worth noting that this is because setting the casing pressure adjustment range can prevent the casing pressure from being too high or too low. If the casing pressure is too high, it may cause oil and gas to be discharged from the formation prematurely, thus affecting production; if If the casing pressure is too low, oil and gas may not be effectively extracted from the formation, which will also affect production.
一种采气井口远程智能化控制系统，包括：A remote intelligent control system for gas production wellheads, including:
拟合模块：计算气井在不同生产压差下的临界携液流量Q，所述的临界携液流量为井筒内开始发生液体聚集时气体的流速对应的流量，并在坐标系中生成对应的数据点，通过最小二乘法对数据点进行拟合，拟合公式为f(Q)，得到最小携液流量随生产压差变化的曲线；Fitting module: Calculate the critical liquid carrying flow rate Q of the gas well under different production pressure differences. The critical liquid carrying flow rate is the flow rate corresponding to the gas flow rate when liquid accumulation begins in the wellbore, and generate corresponding data points in the coordinate system. Fit the data points by the least squares method. The fitting formula is f(Q), and the curve of the minimum liquid carrying flow rate changing with the production pressure difference is obtained.
以采气树上阀门的开度K作为自变量，采气树上阀门的流量Q作为因变量，获得开度-流量函数Q(K)；Taking the opening degree K of the valve on the gas production tree as the independent variable and the flow rate Q of the valve on the gas production tree as the dependent variable, the opening-flow function Q(K) is obtained;
调节模块：获取气井的最佳生产压差ΔPopt，设定生产压差范围[ΔPopt-p，ΔPopt+p]，其中p为预设的压差偏差值；Adjustment module: obtain the optimal production pressure difference ΔP opt of the gas well, and set the production pressure difference range [ΔP opt -p, ΔP opt +p], where p is the preset pressure difference deviation value;
将所述的最佳生产压差ΔPopt代入拟合公式f(Q)，得到最佳临界携液流量Qopt；Substituting the optimal production pressure difference ΔP opt into the fitting formula f(Q) to obtain the optimal critical liquid carrying flow rate Q opt ;
将所述的最佳临界携液流量Qopt代入开度-流量函数Q(K)，获取采气树上阀门的标准开度Ksta，并调节采气树上阀门的开度为标准开度Ksta；Substitute the optimal critical liquid-carrying flow Q opt into the opening-flow function Q(K) to obtain the standard opening K sta of the valve on the gas tree, and adjust the opening of the valve on the gas tree to the standard opening Ksta ;
优化模块：实时获取地层压力Pstr与井底流压Pwel，并计算对比生产压差ΔPcom＝Pstr-Pwel；Optimization module: obtain the formation pressure P str and bottom hole flow pressure P wel in real time, and calculate the comparative production pressure difference ΔP com = P str -P wel ;
当所述的对比生产压差时，以预设的固定压力间隔调节套管压力Pcas，并实时获取井底流压，计算所述的对比生产压差，直至所述的对比生产压差等于ΔPopt。When compared to the production pressure difference When , the casing pressure P cas is adjusted at a preset fixed pressure interval, and the bottom hole flow pressure is obtained in real time, and the comparative production pressure difference is calculated until the comparative production pressure difference is equal to ΔP opt .
以上对本发明的一个实施例进行了详细说明，但所述内容仅为本发明的较佳实施例，不能被认为用于限定本发明的实施范围。凡依本发明申请范围所作的均等变化与改进等，均应仍归属于本发明的专利涵盖范围之内。An embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail above, but the content is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and cannot be considered to limit the implementation scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and improvements made within the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the patent of the present invention.
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