CN1177830C - 苯并杂环和它们作为mek抑制剂的用途 - Google Patents
苯并杂环和它们作为mek抑制剂的用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1177830C CN1177830C CNB998156310A CN99815631A CN1177830C CN 1177830 C CN1177830 C CN 1177830C CN B998156310 A CNB998156310 A CN B998156310A CN 99815631 A CN99815631 A CN 99815631A CN 1177830 C CN1177830 C CN 1177830C
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D235/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, condensed with other rings
- C07D235/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, condensed with other rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D235/04—Benzimidazoles; Hydrogenated benzimidazoles
- C07D235/06—Benzimidazoles; Hydrogenated benzimidazoles with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached in position 2
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
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Abstract
本发明提供其中W是OH的式(I)化合物或该羧酸的衍生物,Q是杂环稠合的邻-亚苯基。这些化合物可用作MEK抑制剂,特别是用于增殖性疾病、例如癌症的治疗。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及具有药理学活性的苯并杂环,例如苯并杂芳基。
背景技术
MEK酶是双重特异性的激酶,它们例如参与免疫调制、炎症和增殖性疾病,例如癌症和再狭窄。
增殖性疾病是由细胞内信号系统缺陷或某些蛋白质的信号转导机理缺陷导致的。缺陷包括信号级联中一种或多种信号蛋白的固有活性或细胞浓度的改变。细胞可以产生与其自身受体结合的生长因子,形成自分泌环,后者不断地刺激增殖。细胞内信号蛋白的突变或过度表达能够在细胞内产生假的促有丝分裂信号。有些最普遍的突变发生在编码蛋白质Ras的基因中,这是一种当与GTP结合时活化、当与GDP结合时失活的G-蛋白。上述生长因子受体和很多其它促有丝分裂受体当活化时导致Ras从GDP-结合状态转化为GTP-结合状态。该信号对大多数细胞类型的增殖来说是绝对的先决条件。该信号系统、尤其是Ras-GTP复合体失活作用的缺陷在癌症中是普遍的,引起Ras以下的信号级联慢性活化。
活化后的Ras依次引起丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶级联的活化。已知其自身活化作用需要活性Ras-GTP的一组激酶是Raf家系。它们依次活化MEK(例如MEK1和MEK2),后者然后活化MAP激酶,ERK(ERK1和ERK2)。MAP激酶被促分裂原活化似乎对增殖来说是必要的;该激酶的组成活化足以诱导细胞转化。下游Ras信号的阻滞、例如利用显性阴性Raf-1蛋白能够完全抑制有丝分裂的发生,无论它是从细胞表面受体诱导的还是从致癌性Ras突变体诱导的。尽管Ras本身不是蛋白激酶,不过它参与Raf和其它激酶的活化,并且很可能是通过磷酸化作用机理。一旦被活化,Raf和其它激酶磷酸化两个紧邻的丝氨酸残基上的MEK,在MEK-1的情况下这两个残基是S218和S222,它们是MEK作为激酶的活化作用的先决条件。MEK依次磷酸化酪氨酸残基Y185和苏氨酸残基T183上的MAP激酶,这两个残基被单一的氨基酸分隔开。该双重磷酸化作用活化MAP激酶至少100倍。活化后的MAP激酶然后能够催化大量蛋白质的磷酸化作用,包括若干转录因子和其它激酶。很多这些MAP激酶的磷酸化作用对靶蛋白具有促有丝分裂活性,例如激酶、转录因子或另一种细胞蛋白质。除了Raf-1和MEKK以外,其它激酶也活化MEK,而MEK本身似乎是一种信号整合激酶。目前认为,MEK对MAP激酶的磷酸化作用是高度特异性的。事实上,迄今还没有证实除MAP激酶ERK以外的其它MEK酶作用物,MEK也不磷酸化基于MAP激酶磷酸化序列的肽,甚至不磷酸化变性MAP激酶。MEK还似乎在磷酸化MAP激酶之前与之强烈缔合,这暗示MAP激酶被MEK磷酸化可能要求在这两种蛋白质之间先有强相互作用。这种要求以及MEK的不寻常的特异性暗示,它与其它蛋白激酶在作用机理上可能具有足够的差异,并且可能发现这样的选择性MEK抑制剂,它们很可能通过变构机理而不是通过通常的ATP结合位点阻滞来发挥作用。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供新颖具有药理学活性的化合物。
本发明特征在于下式(I)化合物:
式(I)中,W是OR1、NR2OR1、NRARB、NR2NRARB、O(CH2)2-4NRARB或NR2(CH2)2-4NRARB。R1是H、C1-8烷基、C3-8烯基、C3-8炔基、C3-8环烷基、苯基、(苯基)C1-4烷基、(苯基)C3-4烯基、(苯基)C3-4炔基、(C3-8环烷基)C1-4烷基、(C3-8环烷基)C3-4烯基、(C3-8环烷基)C3-4炔基、C3-8杂环原子团、(C3-8杂环原子团)C1-4烷基、(C3-8杂环原子团)C3-4烯基、(C3-8杂环原子团)C3-4炔基或(CH2)2-4NRCRD。R2是H、C1-4烷基、苯基、C3-6环烷基、C3-6杂环原子团或(C3-6环烷基)甲基。RA是H、C1-6烷基、C3-8烯基、C3-8炔基、C3-8环烷基、苯基、(C3-8环烷基)C1-4烷基、(C3-8环烷基)C3-4烯基、(C3-8环烷基)C3-4炔基、C3-8杂环原子团、(C3-8杂环原子团)C1-4烷基、(氨基磺酰基)苯基、[(氨基磺酰基)苯基]C1-4烷基、(氨基磺酰基)C1-6烷基、(氨基磺酰基)C3-6环烷基、[(氨基磺酰基)C3-6环烷基]C1-4烷基或(CH2)2-4NRCRD。RB是H、C1-8烷基、C3-8烯基、C3-8炔基、C3-8环烷基或苯基。
Q是下式(i)-(iii)之一:
R3是H或F;R4是卤素、NO2、SO2NRO(CH2)2-4NRERF、SO2NRERF或(CO)T。T是C1-8烷基、C3-8环烷基、(NRERF)C1-4烷基、ORF、-NRO(CH2)2-4NRERF或NRERF;Z是下式(iv)-(viii)之一:
R5和R6之一是H或甲基,R5和R6的另一个是H、C1-6烷基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、苯基、苄基或-M-E-G。M是O、CO、SO2、NRJ、(CO)NRH、NRH(CO)、NRH(SO2)、(SO2)NRH或CH2。E是(CH2)1-4或(CH2)mO(CH2)p,其中1≤(每个m和p)≤3且2≤(m+p)≤4;或者E不存在。G是RK、ORI或NRJRK,其条件是如果p=1,那么G是H。R7是H、C1-4烷基、C2-4烯基、C2-4炔基、C3-6环烷基、苯基、2-吡啶基、3-吡啶基、4-吡啶基、(CH2)1-2Ar,其中Ar是苯基、2-吡啶基、3-吡啶基或4-吡啶基,SO2NRH(CH2)2-4NRJRK、(CO)(CH2)2-4NRJRK或(CO)NRH(CH2)2-4NRJRK。X1是O、S、NR8或CHR9;X2是O、S或CHR9;X3是O或S。在一种实施方式中,如果X1或X2是CHR9,那么所公开的化合物也可以是互变异构化的吲哚。R8是H、C1-4烷基、苯基、2-吡啶基、3-吡啶基、4-吡啶基、(CH2)1-2Ar,其中Ar是苯基、2-吡啶基、3-吡啶基或4-吡啶基,C2-4烯基、C2-4炔基、C3-6环烷基或(C2-4烷基)NRLRM,其条件是R7和R8一起具有至多14个碳原子,RL、RM、RJ和RK除外。RG是C1-4烷基、苯基、2-吡啶基、3-吡啶基、4-吡啶基、C3-4烯基、C3-4炔基、C3-6环烷基、(CO)ORp、(C2-4烷基)NRLRM、(CO)NRN(CH2)2-4NRLRM、(CO)NRLRM、(CO)(CH2)2-4NRLRM或(CH2)1-2Ar,其中Ar是苯基、2-吡啶基、3-吡啶基或4-吡啶基。R9是C1-4烷基、苯基、2-吡啶基、3-吡啶基、4-吡啶基、C2-4烯基、C2-4炔基、C3-6环烷基、(CO)ORp、(C2-4烷基)NRLRM、(CO)NRN(CH2)2-4NRLRM、(CO)NRLRM、(CO)(CH2)2-4NRLRM或(CH2)1-2Ar’,其中Ar’是苯基、2-吡啶基、3-吡啶基或4-吡啶基。Rp是H、C1-6烷基、苯基、C3-4烯基、C3-4炔基、C3-6环烷基或(CH2)2-4NRLRM;R10是H、甲基、卤素或NO2;R11是H、甲基、卤素或NO2。每个RC、RD、RE、RF、RI、RJ、RK、RL和RM独立地选自H、C1-4烷基、C3-4烯基、C3-4炔基、C3-6环烷基和苯基;每个NRCRD、NRERF、NRJRK和NRLRM也可以独立地是吗啉基、哌嗪基、吡咯烷基或哌啶基。每个RH、RN和RO独立地是H、甲基或乙基。最后,上述每个烃原子团或杂环原子团任选地被1至3个取代基取代,取代基独立地选自卤素、C1-4烷基、C3-6环烷基、C2-4烯基、C2-4炔基、苯基、羟基、氨基、(氨基)磺酰基和NO2,其中每个取代基烷基、环烷基、烯基、炔基或苯基本身任选地被1至3个取代基取代,取代基独立地选自卤素、C1-2烷基、羟基、氨基和NO2。除了上述化合物以外,本发明还提供其药学上可接受的盐或C1-7酯。
本发明还涉及药物组合物,包括(a)苯并杂环(例如式I)和(b)药学上可接受的载体。
本发明进一步涉及治疗增殖性疾病的方法,例如癌症、再狭窄、牛皮癣、自体免疫疾病和动脉粥样硬化。本发明的其它方面包括治疗与MEK有关(包括与ras有关)的癌症,无论是实体性的还是造血性的。癌症的实例包括结肠直肠癌、宫颈癌、乳腺癌、卵巢癌、脑癌、急性白血病、胃癌、非小细胞肺癌、胰腺癌和肾癌。本发明的进一步方面包括治疗下列疾病或减少其症状的方法:异种移植(细胞、器官、四肢、皮肤或骨髓移植)排斥、骨关节炎、类风湿性关节炎、囊性纤维变性、糖尿病并发症(包括糖尿病性视网膜病和糖尿病性肾病)、肝肿大、心肥大、中风(例如急性局部缺血性中风和普遍性脑缺血)、心衰、脓毒性休克、哮喘和阿耳茨海默氏病。本发明化合物也可用作抗病毒剂,用于治疗病毒感染,例如HIV、乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)、人乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)、巨细胞病毒(CMV)和Epstein-Barr病毒(EBV)。这些方法包括将药学上有效量的所公开的化合物或其药物组合物对需要接受治疗的患者或患有这样一种疾病或病症的患者给药的步骤。优选地,在上述治疗方法中,本发明化合物是一种选择性MEK抑制剂。
本发明特征还在于联合治疗的方法,例如治疗癌症的方法,其中该方法进一步包括提供放射疗法或化学疗法,例如利用有丝分裂抑制剂,例如紫杉烷或长春碱类。有丝分裂抑制剂的实例包括paclitaxel、docetaxel、长春新碱、长春花碱、长春瑞滨和vinflunine。其它治疗组合包括本发明MEK抑制剂与抗癌剂,例如顺铂、5-氟尿嘧啶(5FU)、氟他胺和吉西他滨。
根据患者的需要,可以在所公开的化合物给药之前、同时或之后施用化学疗法或放射疗法。
本发明特征还在于本文所公开的合成方法和合成中间体。
在下列说明书、实施例和权利要求书中提供了本发明的其它方面。
详细说明
本发明特征在于苯并杂环化合物、其药物组合物和使用该化合物和组合物的方法。
按照本发明的一个方面,这些化合物是MEK抑制剂。MEK抑制作用测定法包括MAP激酶途径抑制剂的级联测定法,参见美国专利5,525,625第6栏第36行至第7栏第4行,和体外MEK测定法,参见相同专利的第7栏第4-27行,该专利全文引用在此作为参考(另见下列实施例22-25)。
A、术语
某些术语定义如下,并适用于全部公开内容。
烷基包括具有自由化合价的脂族(即含有氢和碳原子的烃基或烃原子团结构)。烷基被理解为包括直链和支链结构。实例包括甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、戊基、异戊基、2,3-二甲基丙基、己基、2,3-二甲基己基、1,1-二甲基戊基、庚基和辛基。环烷基包括环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环庚基和环辛基。
烷基可以被1、2、3或多个取代基取代,取代基独立地选自卤素(氟、氯、溴或碘)、羟基、氨基、烷氧基、烷基氨基、二烷基氨基、环烷基、芳基、芳氧基、芳烷氧基、杂环原子团和(杂环原子团)氧基。具体实例包括氟甲基、羟乙基、2,3-二羟基乙基、(2-或3-呋喃基)甲基、环丙基甲基、苄氧基乙基、(3-吡啶基)甲基、(2-,或3-呋喃基)甲基、(2-噻吩基)乙基、羟丙基、氨基环己基、2-二甲氨基丁基、甲氧基甲基、N-吡啶基乙基、二乙氨基乙基和环丁基甲基。
烯基类似于烷基,但是具有至少一双键(两个相邻的sp2碳原子)。根据双键和可能存在的取代基的位置,双键的几何构型可以是E或Z型,或者是顺或反式。类似地,炔基具有至少一条叁键(两个相邻的sp碳原子)。不饱和的烯基或炔基可以分别具有一或多个双键或叁键,或其混合物;象烷基一样,不饱和基团可以是直链或支链的,并且它们可以如上烷基和全部公开内容所述被取代。烯基、炔基和取代形式的实例包括顺式-2-丁烯基、反式-2-丁烯基、3-丁炔基、3-苯基-2-丙炔基、3-(2’-氟苯基)-2-丙炔基、3-甲基(5-苯基)-4-戊炔基、2-羟基-2-丙炔基、2-甲基-2-丙炔基、2-丙烯基、4-羟基-3-丁炔基、3-(3-氟苯基)-2-丙炔基和2-甲基-2-丙烯基。式(I)中,烯基和炔基例如可以是C2-4或C2-8的,优选为C3-4或C3-8的。
取代的烃原子团的更一般形式包括羟基烷基、羟基烯基、羟基炔基、羟基环烷基、羟基芳基和相应的前缀氨基-、卤代-(例如氟-、氯-或溴-)、硝基-、烷基-、苯基-、环烷基-等形式,或取代基的组合。因此按照式(I),取代的烷基包括羟基烷基、氨基烷基、硝基烷基、卤代烷基、烷基烷基(支链烷基,例如甲基戊基)、(环烷基)烷基、苯基烷基、烷氧基、烷基氨基烷基、二烷基氨基烷基、芳烷基、芳氧基烷基、芳烷氧基烷基、(杂环原子团)烷基和(杂环原子团)氧基烷基。R1因此包括羟基烷基、羟基烯基、羟基炔基、羟基环烷基、羟基芳基、氨基烷基、氨基烯基、氨基炔基、氨基环烷基、氨基芳基、烷基烯基、(烷芳基)烷基、(卤代芳基)烷基、(羟基芳基)炔基等等。类似地,RA包括羟基烷基和氨基芳基,RB包括羟基烷基、氨基烷基和羟基烷基(杂环原子团)烷基。
杂环原子团包括但不限于杂芳基,包括呋喃基、噁唑基、异噁唑基、噻吩基、噻唑基、吡咯基、咪唑基、1,3,4-三唑基、四唑基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、哒嗪基、吲哚基和它们的非芳族对应物。杂环原子团的进一步实例包括哌啶基(piperidyl)、喹啉基、异噻唑基、哌啶基(piperidinyl)、吗啉基、哌嗪基、四氢呋喃基、四氢吡咯基、吡咯烷基、八氢吲哚基、八氢苯并噻吩基和八氢苯并呋喃基。
选择性MEK1或MEK2抑制剂是这样的化合物,它们分别抑制MEK1或MEK2酶,并且基本上不抑制其它酶,例如MKK3、PKC、Cdk2A、磷酸化酶激酶、EGF与PDGF受体激酶和C-src。一般来说,选择性MEK1或MEK2抑制剂对MEK1或MEK2的IC50是其对上述其它酶之一的IC50的至少五十分之一(1/50)。优选地,选择性抑制剂的IC50是其对一种或多种上述酶的IC50的至少1/100,更优选为1/500,进而更优选为1/1000、1/5000或以下。
B、化合物
本发明的一方面特征在于概述部分所公开的式(I)所示化合物。本发明的实施方式包括这样的式(I)化合物,其中:(a)Q是式(i);(b)R3是H或氟;(c)R4是氟、氯或溴;(d)R10是H、甲基、氟或氯;(e)R11是甲基、氯、氟、硝基或氢;(f)R11是H;(g)R11是氟;(h)每个R10和R11是氟;(i)R1是H、甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、异丁基、苄基、苯乙基、烯丙基、C3-5烯基、C3-6环烷基、(C3-5环烷基)C1-2烷基、(C3-5杂环原子团)C1-2烷基或(CH2)2-4NRCRD;(j)R1是H或(C3-4环烷基)C1-2烷基;(k)R2是H或甲基;(1)RA具有至少一个羟基取代基;(m)RA是H、甲基、乙基、异丁基、羟乙基、苯基、2-哌啶-1-基-乙基、2,3-二羟基-丙基、3-[4-(2-羟基乙基)-哌嗪-1-基]-丙基、2-吡咯烷-1-基-乙基或2-二乙氨基-乙基;RB是H;或者当RB是甲基时RA是苯基;(n)W是NRARB或NR2NRARB;(o)W是NR2(CH2)2-4NRARB或O(CH2)2-3NRARB;(p)W是NR2OR1;(q)W是OR1;(r)Z是式(v);或者(s)X1是NR8,R7是H;或者(t)它们的组合。式(I)中,Z的值从左至右表示,或者沿着Q的苯基环的逆时针方向表示。
按照本发明的一个方面,式(I)化合物具有这样的结构,其中:Q是式(i)或(ii);R3是H或氟;R4是氟、氯或溴;R10是H、甲基或氯;R11是氯、氟或氢;R1是H、甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、异丁基、苄基、苯乙基、烯丙基、C3-5烯基、C3-6环烷基、(C3-5环烷基)C1-2烷基、(C3-5杂环原子团)C1-2烷基或(CH2)2-4NRCRD;R1是H或(C3-4环烷基)C1-2烷基;R2是H或甲基;Z是式(v)或(vi)。该方面的一种实施方式中,X1是NR8。实例是7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1-[(2’-吗啉基)-乙基]-2-(苯基)-苯并咪唑-5-甲酸环丙基甲氧基-酰胺。
本发明的实施方式还包括这样的化合物,其中R10是H;R10是甲基或氯;和R10是氯。在有些实施方式中,R7和R8一起具有至多14个碳原子,RL、RM、RJ和RK除外。这方面的实例包括这样的化合物,其中R7和R8一起具有至多13个碳原子;至多7、8或10个碳原子;4至8个碳原子;1至10个碳原子;1至8个碳原子;和至多6个碳原子。
优选地,若R1、R2、RA、RB、RC、RD、RE、RF、RI、RJ、RK、RL、RM、RG、RH、RN、RO和RP之一是烯基或炔基,则它的双键或叁键分别不邻近接合点。例如,若W是NR2OR1,则R2优选为丙-2-炔基、或丁-2或3-烯基,不优选丙-1-炔基或丁-1-烯基。
下列为一些优选的结构,它们可以利用流程1、2、10和11加以合成。游离酸、游离异羟肟酸和环丙基甲基异羟肟酸酯归入一类。例如,化合物1、11和21仅通过“W”加以区分(如权利要求书所定义);化合物2、12和22与之类似。优选的化合物还包括所列化合物的2-氯(代替2-甲基)类似物。
化合物的实例包括:7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1H-苯并咪唑-5-甲酸(APK IC50=47±17nM);7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-苯并噁唑-5-甲酸;7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-苯并噻唑-5-甲酸;7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-苯并[1,2,5]噻二唑-5-甲酸;7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基苯基氨基)-苯并[1,2,5]二唑-5-甲酸;7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-2-(2-羟基乙基)-1H-苯并咪唑-5-甲酸;7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-2-(2-二甲氨基-乙基)-1H-苯并咪唑-5-甲酸;7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1-乙酰基-苯并咪唑-5-甲酸;8-氟-7-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-喹喔啉-6-甲酸;7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1H-苯并三唑-5-甲酸;7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1H-苯并咪唑-5-甲酸羟基酰胺;7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-苯并 唑-5-甲酸羟基酰胺;7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-苯并噻唑-5-甲酸羟基酰胺;7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-苯并[1,2,5]噻二唑-5-甲酸羟基酰胺;7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-苯并[1,2,5]二唑-5-甲酸羟基酰胺;7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-2-(2-羟基乙基)-1H-苯并咪唑-5-甲酸羟基酰胺;7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-2-(2-二甲氨基-乙基)-1H-苯并咪唑-5-甲酸羟基酰胺;7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1-乙酰基-苯并咪唑-5-甲酸羟基酰胺;8-氟-7-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-喹喔啉-6-甲酸羟基酰胺;7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1H-苯并三唑-5-甲酸羟基酰胺;7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1H-苯并咪唑-5-甲酸环丙基甲氧基-酰胺;7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-苯并噁唑-5-甲酸环丙基甲氧基-酰胺;7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-苯并噻唑-5-甲酸环丙基甲氧基-酰胺;7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-苯并[1,2,5]噻二唑-5-甲酸环丙基甲氧基-酰胺;7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基苯基氨基)-苯并[1,2,5]二唑-5-甲酸环丙基甲氧基-酰胺;7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-2-(2-羟基乙基)-1H-苯并咪唑-5-甲酸环丙基甲氧基-酰胺;7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-2-(2-二甲氨基-乙基)-1H-苯并咪唑-5-甲酸环丙基甲氧基-酰胺;7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1-乙酰基-苯并咪唑-5-甲酸环丙基甲氧基-酰胺;8-氟-7-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-喹喔啉-6-甲酸环丙基甲氧基-酰胺;和7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1H-苯并三唑-5-甲酸环丙基甲氧基-酰胺。
以下是代表流程3-9的实例列表。同上,游离酸、游离异羟肟酸和环丙基甲基异羟肟酸酯归入一类。例如,化合物31、45和59仅通过“W”加以区分(如权利要求书所定义);化合物32、46和60与之类似。优选的化合物还包括所列化合物的2-氯(代替2-甲基)类似物。
来自流程3-9的化合物实例包括:4-氟-5-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-苯并噻唑-6-甲酸;4-氟-5-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-苯并噁唑-6-甲酸;5-(2-氯-4-碘-苯基氨基)-6,7-二氟-3H-苯并咪唑-4-甲酸;6,7-二氟-2-(2-羟基-乙基)-5-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-3H-苯并咪唑-4-甲酸;6,7-二氟-5-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-苯并噁唑-4-甲酸;6,7-二氟-5-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-苯并噻唑-4-甲酸;7,8-二氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-喹喔啉-5-甲酸;6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-8-硝基-喹喔啉-5-甲酸;5-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-8-硝基-喹喔啉-6-甲酸;8-氯-5-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-喹喔啉-6-甲酸;3-环丙基-7-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-3H-苯并咪唑-4,6-二羧酸4-二甲基酰胺;7-溴-4-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-苯并噁唑-5-甲酸;7-(2-氯-4-碘-苯基氨基)-4-氟-苯并噻唑-6-甲酸;7-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-4-硝基-苯并噁唑-6-甲酸;4-氟-5-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-苯并噻唑-6-甲酸羟基酰胺;4-氟-5-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-苯并噁唑-6-甲酸羟基酰胺;5-(2-氯-4-碘-苯基氨基)-6,7-二氟-3H-苯并咪唑-4-甲酸羟基酰胺;6,7-二氟-2-(2-羟基-乙基)-5-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-3H-苯并咪唑-4-甲酸羟基酰胺;6,7-二氟-5-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-苯并噁唑-4-甲酸羟基酰胺;6,7-二氟-5-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-苯并噻唑-4-甲酸羟基酰胺;7,8-二氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-喹喔啉-5-甲酸羟基酰胺;6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-8-硝基-喹喔啉-5-甲酸羟基酰胺;5-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-8-硝基-喹喔啉-6-甲酸羟基酰胺;8-氯-5-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-喹喔啉-6-甲酸羟基酰胺;3-环丙基-7-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-3H-苯并咪唑-4,6-二羧酸4-二甲基酰胺6-羟基酰胺;7-溴-4-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-苯并噁唑-5-甲酸羟基酰胺;7-(2-氯-4-碘-苯基氨基)-4-氟-苯并噻唑-6-甲酸羟基酰胺;7-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-4-硝基-苯并噁唑-6-甲酸羟基酰胺;4-氟-5-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-苯并噻唑-6-甲酸环丙基甲氧基-酰胺;4-氟-5-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-苯并噁唑-6-甲酸环丙基甲氧基-酰胺;5-(2-氯-4-碘-苯基氨基)-6,7-二氟-3H-苯并咪唑-4-甲酸环丙基甲氧基-酰胺;6,7-二氟-2-(2-羟基-乙基)-5-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-3H-苯并咪唑-4-甲酸环丙基甲氧基-酰胺;6,7-二氟-5-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-苯并噁唑-4-甲酸环丙基甲氧基-酰胺;6,7-二氟-5-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-苯并噻唑-4-甲酸环丙基甲氧基-酰胺;7,8-二氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-喹喔啉-5-甲酸环丙基甲氧基-酰胺;6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-8-硝基-喹喔啉-5-甲酸环丙基甲氧基-酰胺;5-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-8-硝基-喹喔啉-6-甲酸环丙基甲氧基-酰胺;8-氯-5-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-喹喔啉-6-甲酸环丙基甲氧基-酰胺;3-环丙基-7-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-3H-苯并咪唑-4,6-二羧酸4-二甲基酰胺6-环丙基甲氧基-酰胺;7-溴-4-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-苯并噁唑-5-甲酸环丙基甲氧基-酰胺;7-(2-氯-4-碘-苯基氨基)-4-氟-苯并噻唑-6-甲酸环丙基甲氧基-酰胺和7-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-4-硝基-苯并噁唑-6-甲酸环丙基甲氧基-酰胺。
C、合成
所公开的化合物可以按照下列十一个流程或其变例加以合成。下列实施例1-22进一步例证这些合成策略。
流程1
流程2
流程3
流程4
流程5
流程6
流程7
流程8
流程9
流程10
流程11
D、使用
所公开的组合物可用于预防和治疗如概述部分所提供的疾病或病症,以及受MEK级联调制的疾病或病症。实例包括中风、心衰、骨关节炎、类风湿性关节炎、器官移植排斥和各种肿瘤,例如卵巢、肺、胰腺、脑、前列腺和结肠。
1.剂量
按照已知的方法,并考虑诸如年龄、体重、一般健康状况、需要治疗的症状和其它药物疗法的存在等因素,本领域技术人员将能够确定适合于患者的剂量。一般而言,有效量将为0.1至1000mg/kg每天,优选为1至300mg/kg体重,对正常体重的成年受治疗者来说每日剂量将为10至5000mg。胶囊剂、片剂或其它制剂(例如液体和膜衣片)可以是5至200mg规格的,例如10、15、25、35、50、60和100mg,可以按照所公开的方法给药。
2.制剂
剂量单位剂型包括片剂、胶囊剂、丸剂、粉末剂、颗粒剂、含水与不含水的口服溶液与悬液、和肠胃外溶液,包装在适合于分剂给药的容器内。剂量单位剂型还可以适合于各种给药方法,包括控释制剂,例如皮下植入物。给药方法包括口服、直肠、肠胃外(静脉内、肌内、皮下)、脑池内、阴道内、腹膜内、膀胱内、局部给药(滴剂、粉末剂、软膏剂、凝胶剂或霜剂)和通过吸入法给药(口腔或鼻腔喷雾剂)。
肠胃外制剂包括药学上可接受的含水或不含水的溶液、分散液、悬液、乳剂、和用于其制备的无菌粉末。载体的实例包括水、乙醇、多元醇(丙二醇、聚乙二醇)、植物油、和可注射的有机酯,例如油酸乙酯。利用包衣可以维持流动性,例如卵磷脂、表面活性剂,或者维持适当的粒径。用于固体剂型的载体包括(a)填充剂或填料,(b)粘合剂,(c)湿润剂,(d)崩解剂,(e)溶液阻滞剂,(f)吸收促进剂,(g)吸附剂,(h)润滑剂,(i)缓冲剂和(j)推进剂。
组合物还可以含有佐剂,例如防腐剂、润湿剂、乳化剂和分散剂;抗微生物剂,例如对羟基苯甲酸酯、氯丁醇、苯酚和山梨酸;等渗剂,例如糖或氯化钠;吸收延长剂,例如单硬脂酸铝和明胶;和吸收增强剂。
3.相关化合物
本发明提供所公开的化合物和密切相关的所公开化合物的药学上可接受的形式,例如它们的盐、酯、酰胺、水合物或溶剂化物的形式;掩蔽或保护的形式;和外消旋混合物,或对映异构或光学纯的形式。
药学上可接受的盐、酯和酰胺包括羧酸盐(例如C1-8烷基、环烷基、芳基、杂芳基或非芳族杂环)、氨基酸加成盐、酯、和酰胺,它们在合理的利益/风险比例范围内,是药理学上有效的,并且适合于与患者器官接触,而没有过度的毒性、刺激作用或变态反应。
代表性的盐包括氢溴酸盐、盐酸盐、硫酸盐、硫酸氢盐、硝酸盐、乙酸盐、草酸盐、戊酸盐、油酸盐、棕榈酸盐、硬脂酸盐、月桂酸盐、硼酸盐、苯甲酸盐、乳酸盐、磷酸盐、甲苯磺酸盐、柠檬酸盐、马来酸盐、富马酸盐、琥珀酸盐、酒石酸盐、萘甲酸盐、甲磺酸盐、葡庚糖酸盐、乳酰生物酸盐、和月桂基磺酸盐。这些盐可以包括碱金属和碱土金属阳离子,例如钠、钾、钙和镁,以及无毒的铵、季铵和胺阳离子,例如四甲铵、甲胺、三甲胺和乙胺。例如参见S.M.Berge等″Pharmaceutical Salts,″J.,《药物科学杂志》(J.Pharm.Sci.),1977,66:1-19,引用在此作为参考文献。代表性的药学上可接受的本发明酰胺包括从氨、C1-6烷基伯胺和二(C1-6烷基)仲胺衍生的那些。仲胺包括5-或6-元杂环或杂芳族环部分,其中含有至少一个氮原子和任选的1至2个另外的杂原子。优选的酰胺是从氨、C1-3烷基伯胺和二(C1-2烷基)胺衍生的。代表性的药学上可接受的本发明酯包括C1-7烷基、C5-7环烷基、苯基和苯基(C1-6烷基)酯。优选的酯包括甲基酯。
本发明还包括所公开的这样的化合物,其中一个或多个官能团(例如羟基、氨基或羧基)被保护基团所掩蔽。有些被掩蔽或被保护的化合物是药学上可接受的;其它将可用作中间体。这里所公开的合成中间体和方法及其微小改变也在发明范围之内。本发明的合成中间体实例包括PD 202885、PD 203337、PD 218001、PD 254551和PD 201601。
羟基保护基团
羟基保护基团包括:醚、酯、和用于1,2-与1,3-二醇的保护。醚保护基团包括:甲基、取代的甲基醚、取代的乙基醚、取代的苄基醚、甲硅烷基醚和甲硅烷基醚向其它官能团的转化。
取代的甲基醚
取代的甲基醚包括:甲氧基甲基、甲硫基甲基、叔丁硫基甲基、(苯基二甲基甲硅烷基)甲氧基甲基、苄氧基甲基、对乙氧基苄氧基甲基、(4-甲氧基苯氧基)甲基、愈创木酚甲基、叔丁氧基甲基、4-戊烯氧基甲基、甲硅烷氧基甲基、2-甲氧基乙氧基甲基、2,2,2-三氯乙氧基甲基、双(2-氯-乙氧基)甲基、2-(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙氧基甲基、四氢吡喃基、3-溴-四氢吡喃基、四氢噻喃基、1-甲氧基环己基、4-甲氧基四氢吡喃基、4-甲氧基四氢噻喃基、4-甲氧基四氢噻喃基S,S-二氧桥、1-[(2-氯-4-甲基)苯基]-4-甲氧基哌啶-4-基、1,4-二噁烷-2-基、四氢呋喃基、四氢噻吩基、和2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,7a-八氢-7,8,8-三甲基-4,7-桥亚乙基苯并呋喃-2-基。
取代的乙基醚
取代的乙基醚包括:1-乙氧基乙基、1-(2-氯乙氧基)乙基、1-甲基-1-甲氧基乙基、1-甲基-1-苄氧基乙基、1-甲基-1-苄氧基-2-氟乙基、2,2,2-三氯乙基、2-三甲基甲硅烷基乙基、2-(苯基氢硒基)乙基、叔丁基、烯丙基、对氯苯基、对甲氧基苯基、2,4-二硝基苯基、和苄基。
取代的苄基醚
取代的苄基醚包括:对-甲氧基苄基、3,4-二甲氧基苄基、邻硝基苄基、对硝基苄基、对卤代苄基、2,6-二氯苄基、对氰基苄基、对苯基苄基、2-与4-甲代吡啶基、3-甲基-2-甲代吡啶基N-氧化物、二苯基甲基、对,对’-二硝基二苯甲基、5-二苯并环庚基、三苯基甲基、α-萘基-二苯基甲基、对甲氧基苯基二苯基甲基、二(对甲氧基苯基)苯基甲基、三(对甲氧基苯基)甲基、4-(4’-溴苯甲酰甲氧基)苯基二苯基甲基、4,4’,4″-三(4,5-二氯苯二甲酰亚氨基苯基)甲基、4,4’,4″-三(乙酰丙酰氧基苯基)甲基、4,4’,4″-三(苯甲酰氧基苯基)甲基、3-(咪唑-1-基甲基)双(4’,4″-二甲氧基苯基)-甲基、1,1-双(4-甲氧基苯基)-1’-芘基甲基、9-蒽基、9-(9-苯基)呫吨基、9-(9-苯基-10-氧代)蒽基、1,3-苯并二硫戊环-2-基、和苯并异噻唑基S,S-二氧桥。
甲硅烷基醚
甲硅烷基醚包括:三甲基甲硅烷基、三乙基甲硅烷基、三异丙基甲硅烷基、二甲基异丙基甲硅烷基、二乙基异丙基甲硅烷基、二甲基thexyl甲硅烷基、叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基、叔丁基二苯基甲硅烷基、三苄基甲硅烷基、三-对二甲苯基甲硅烷基、三苯基甲硅烷基、二苯基甲基甲硅烷基、和叔丁基甲氧基-苯基甲硅烷基。
酯
酯保护基团包括:酯、碳酸酯、辅助裂解、各种不同的酯、和磺酸酯。
酯
保护性酯的实例包括:甲酸酯、苯甲酰基甲酸酯、乙酸酯、氯乙酸酯、二氯乙酸酯、三氯乙酸酯、三氟乙酸酯、甲氧基乙酸酯、三苯基甲氧基乙酸酯、苯氧基乙酸酯、对氯苯氧基乙酸酯、对-P-苯基乙酸酯、3-苯基丙酸酯、4-氧代戊酸酯(乙酰丙酸酯)、4,4-(亚乙二硫基)戊酸酯、新戊酸酯、金刚烷酸酯、巴豆酸酯、4-甲氧基巴豆酸酯、苯甲酸酯、对苯基苯甲酸酯、和2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酸酯(甲酸酯)。
碳酸酯
碳酸酯包括:甲基、9-芴基甲基、乙基、2,2,2-三氯乙基、2-(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙基、2-(苯基磺酰基)乙基、2-(三苯基磷鎓基)乙基、异丁基、乙烯基、烯丙基、对硝基苯基、苄基、对甲氧基苄基、3,4-二甲氧基苄基、邻硝基苄基、对硝基苄基、S-苄基硫代碳酸酯、4-乙氧基-1-萘基、和甲基二硫代碳酸酯。
辅助裂解
辅助裂解保护基团的实例包括:2-碘苯甲酸酯、4-叠氮基丁酸酯、4-硝基-4-甲基戊酸酯、邻-(二溴甲基)苯甲酸酯、2-甲酰基苯磺酸酯、2-(甲硫基甲氧基)乙基碳酸酯、4-(甲硫基甲氧基甲基)苯甲酸酯、和2-(甲硫基甲氧基甲基)苯甲酸酯。
各种不同的酯
除了上述种类以外,各种不同的酯包括:2,6-二氯-4-甲基苯氧基乙酸酯、2,6-二氯-4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯氧基乙酸酯、2,4-双(1,1-二甲基丙基)苯氧基乙酸酯、氯二苯基乙酸酯、异丁酸酯、单琥珀酸酯、(E)-2-甲基-2-丁烯酸酯(惕各酸酯)、邻-(甲氧羰基)苯甲酸酯、对-P-苯甲酸酯、α-萘甲酸酯、硝酸酯、烷基N,N,N’,N’-四甲基-二氨基磷酸酯、N-苯基氨基甲酸酯、硼酸酯、二甲基硫膦基、和2,4-二硝基苯基次磺酸酯。
磺酸酯
保护性硫酸酯包括:硫酸酯、甲烷磺酸酯(甲磺酸酯)、苄基磺酸酯、和甲苯磺酸酯。
关于1,2-与1,3-二醇的保护
关于1,2-与1,3-二醇基团的保护包括:环状缩醛与缩酮、环状原酸酯、和甲硅烷基衍生物。
环状缩醛与缩酮
环状缩醛与缩酮包括:亚甲基、亚乙基、1-叔丁基亚乙基、1-苯基亚乙基、(4-甲氧基苯基)亚乙基、2,2,2-三氯亚乙基、(亚异丙基)丙酮、亚环戊基、亚环己基、亚环庚基、亚苄基、对甲氧基亚苄基、2,4-二甲氧基亚苄基、3,4-二甲氧基亚苄基、和2-硝基亚苄基。
环状原酸酯
环状原酸酯包括:甲氧基亚甲基、乙氧基亚甲基、二甲氧基亚甲基、1-甲氧基亚乙基、1-乙氧基亚乙基、1,2-二甲氧基亚乙基、α-甲氧基亚苄基、1-(N,N-二甲氨基)亚乙基衍生物、α-(N,N-二甲氨基)亚苄基衍生物、和2-氧杂亚环戊基。
关于羧基的保护
酯
酯保护基团包括:酯、取代的甲基酯、2-取代的乙基酯、取代的苄基酯、甲硅烷基酯、活化的酯、各种不同的衍生物、和甲锡烷基酯。
取代的甲基酯
取代的甲基酯包括:9-芴基甲基、甲氧基甲基、甲硫基甲基、四氢吡喃基、四氢呋喃基、甲氧基乙氧基甲基、2-(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙氧基甲基、苄氧基甲基、苯甲酰甲基、对溴苯甲酰甲基、α-甲基苯甲酰甲基、对甲氧基苯甲酰甲基、甲酰氨基甲基、和N-苯二甲酰亚氨基甲基。
2-取代的乙基酯
2-取代的乙基酯包括:2,2,2-三氯乙基、2-卤代乙基、1-氯烷基、2-(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙基、2-甲硫基乙基、1,3-二噻烷基-2-甲基、2-(对硝基苯基亚磺酰基)乙基、2-(对甲苯磺酰基)乙基、2-(2’-吡啶基)乙基、2-(二苯膦基)乙基、1-甲基-1-苯基乙基、叔丁基、环戊基、环己基、烯丙基、3-丁烯-1-基、4-(三甲基甲硅烷基)-2-丁烯-1-基、肉桂基、α-甲基肉桂基、苯基、对-(甲基巯基)-苯基、和苄基。
取代的苄基酯
取代的苄基酯包括:三苯基甲基、二苯基甲基、双(邻硝基苯基)甲基、9-蒽基甲基、2-(9,10-二氧代)蒽基甲基、5-二苯并环庚基、1-芘基甲基、2-(三氟甲基)-6-铬酰甲基、2,4,6-三甲基苄基、对溴苄基、邻硝基苄基、对硝基苄基、对甲氧基苄基、2,6-二甲氧基苄基、4-(甲基亚磺酰基)苄基、4-磺基苄基、胡椒基、和4-P-苄基。
甲硅烷基酯
甲硅烷基酯包括:三甲基甲硅烷基、三乙基甲硅烷基、叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基、异丙基二甲基甲硅烷基、苯基二甲基甲硅烷基、和二叔丁基甲基甲硅烷基。
各种不同的衍生物
各种不同的衍生物包括:噁唑、2-烷基-1,3-噁唑啉、4-烷基-5-氧代-1,3-噁唑烷、5-烷基-4-氧代-1,3-二氧戊环、原酸酯、苯基、和五氨基钴(III)配合物。
甲锡烷基酯
甲锡烷基酯的实例包括:三乙基甲锡烷基和三正丁基甲锡烷基。
酰胺和酰肼
酰胺包括:N,N-二甲基、吡咯烷基、哌啶基、5,6-二氢菲啶基、邻硝基-N-酰苯胺、N-7-硝基吲哚基、N-8-硝基-1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉基、和对-P-苯磺酰胺。酰肼包括:N-苯基、N,N’-二异丙基和其它二烷基酰肼。
关于氨基的保护
氨基甲酸酯
氨基甲酸酯包括:氨基甲酸酯、取代的乙基、辅助裂解、光解裂解、脲型衍生物和各种不同的氨基甲酸酯。
氨基甲酸酯
氨基甲酸酯包括:甲基与乙基、9-芴基甲基、9-(2-磺基)芴基甲基、9-(2,7-二溴)芴基甲基、2,7-二叔丁基-[9-(10,10-二氧代-10,10,10,10-四氢-噻吨基)]甲基、和4-甲氧基苯甲酰甲基。
取代的乙基
取代的乙基保护基团包括:2,2,2-三氯乙基、2-三甲基甲硅烷基乙基、2-苯基乙基、1-(1-金刚烷基)-1-甲基乙基、1,1-二甲基-2-卤代乙基、1,1-二甲基-2,2-二溴乙基、1,1-二甲基-2,2,2-三氯乙基、1-甲基-1-(4-联苯基)乙基、1-(3,5-二叔丁基苯基)-1-甲基乙基、2-(2’-与4’-吡啶基)乙基、2-(N,N-二环己基甲酰氨基)-乙基、叔丁基、1-金刚烷基、乙烯基、烯丙基、1-异丙基烯丙基、肉桂基、4-硝基肉桂基、喹啉基、N-羟基哌啶基、烷基二硫基、苄基、对甲氧基苄基、对硝基苄基、对溴苄基、对氯苄基、2,4-二氯苄基、4-甲基亚磺酰基苄基、9-蒽基甲基、和二苯基甲基。
辅助裂解
通过辅助裂解的保护包括:2-甲硫基乙基、2-甲磺酰基乙基、2-(对甲苯磺酰基)乙基、[2-(1,3-二噻烷基)]甲基、4-甲基噻吩基、2,4-二甲基-噻吩基、2-磷鎓基乙基、2-三苯基磷鎓基异丙基、1,1-二甲基-2-氰基乙基、间氯-对酰氧基苄基、对(二羟基硼基)苄基、5-苯并异噁唑基甲基、和2-(三氟甲基)-6-色酮基甲基。
光解裂解
光解裂解方法使用诸如下列基团:间硝基苯基、3,5-二甲氧基苄基、邻硝基苄基、3,4-二甲氧基-6-硝基苄基、和苯基(邻硝基苯基)甲基。
脲型衍生物
脲型衍生物的实例包括:吩噻嗪基-(10)-羰基衍生物、N’-对甲苯磺酰氨基羰基、和N’-苯基氨基硫代羰基。
各种不同的氨基甲酸酯
除了上述以外,各种不同的氨基甲酸酯包括:叔戊基、S-苄基硫代氨基甲酸酯、对氰基苄基、环丁基、环己基、环戊基、环丙基甲基、对癸氧基苄基、二异丙基甲基、2,2-二甲氧羰基乙烯基、邻-(N,N-二甲基甲酰氨基)苄基、1,1-二甲基-3-(N,N-二甲基甲酰氨基)丙基、1,1-二甲基-丙炔基、二(2-吡啶基)甲基、2-呋喃基甲基、2-碘乙基、异冰片基、异丁基、异烟碱基、对(对’-甲氧基苯基-偶氮)苄基、1-甲基环丁基、1-甲基环己基、1-甲基-1-环丙基甲基、1-甲基-(3,5-二甲氧基苯基)乙基、1-甲基-1-(对苯基偶氮苯基)乙基、1-甲基-1-苯基乙基、1-甲基-1-(4-吡啶基)乙基、苯基、对(苯基偶氮)苄基、2,4,6-三叔丁基苯基、4-(三甲铵)苄基、和2,4,6-三甲基苄基。
酰胺
酰胺
酰胺包括:N-甲酰基、N-乙酰基、N-氯乙酰基、N-三氯乙酰基、N-三氟乙酰基、N-苯基乙酰基、N-3-苯基丙酰基、N-甲代吡啶酰基、N-3-吡啶基甲酰胺、N-苯甲酰基苯丙氨酰衍生物、N-苯甲酰基、和N-对苯基苯甲酰基。
辅助裂解
辅助裂解基团包括:N-邻硝基苯基乙酰基、N-邻硝基苯氧基乙酰基、N-乙酰乙酰基、(N’-二硫代苄氧羰基氨基)乙酰基、N-3-(对羟基苯基)丙酰基、N-3-(邻硝基苯基)丙酰基、N-2-甲基-2-(邻硝基苯氧基)丙酰基、N-2-甲基-2-(邻苯基偶氮苯氧基)丙酰基,N-4-氯丁酰基、N-3-甲基-3-硝基丁酰基、N-邻硝基肉桂酰基、N-乙酰基甲硫氨酸衍生物、N-邻硝基苯甲酰基、N-邻(苯甲酰氧基甲基)苯甲酰基、和4,5-二苯基-3-噁唑啉-2-酮。
环状二酰亚胺衍生物
环状二酰亚胺衍生物包括:N-邻苯二甲酰亚胺、N-二硫琥珀酰、N-2,3-二苯基-马来酰、N-2,5-二甲基吡咯基、N-1,1,4,4-四甲基二甲硅烷基氮杂环戊烷加合物、5-取代的1,3-二甲基-1,3,5-三氮杂环己烷-2-酮、5-取代的1,3-二苄基-1,3,5-三氮杂环己烷-2-酮、和1-取代的3,5-二硝基-4-吡啶酮基。
特殊的-NH保护基团
-NH保护基团包括:N-烷基与N-芳基胺、亚胺衍生物、烯胺衍生物、和N-杂原子衍生物(例如N-金属、N-N、N-P、N-Si和N-S)、N-亚磺酰基、和N-磺酰基。
N-烷基与N-芳基胺
N-烷基与N-芳基胺包括:N-甲基、N-烯丙基、N-[2-(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙氧基]甲基、N-3-乙酰氧基丙基、N-(1-异丙基-4-硝基-2-氧代-3-吡咯啉-3-基)、季铵盐、N-苄基、N-二(4-甲氧基苯基)甲基、N-5-二苯并环庚基、N-三苯基甲基、N-(4-甲氧基苯基)二苯基甲基、N-9-苯基芴基、N-2,7-二氯-9-芴基亚甲基、N-二茂铁基甲基、和N-2-甲代吡啶基胺N’-氧化物。
亚胺衍生物
亚胺衍生物包括:N-1,1-二甲硫基亚甲基、N-亚苄基、N-对甲氧基亚苄基、N-二苯基亚甲基、N-[(2-吡啶基)基]亚甲基、N-(N’,N’-二甲氨基亚甲基)、N,N’-亚异丙基、N-对硝基亚苄基、N-亚水杨基、N-5-氯亚水杨基、N-(5-氯-2-羟基苯基)苯基亚甲基、和N-亚环己基。
烯胺衍生物
烯胺衍生物的实例是N-(5,5-二甲基-3-氧代-1-环己烯基)。
N-杂原子衍生物
N-金属衍生物包括:N-硼烷衍生物、N-二苯基硼酸衍生物、N-[苯基(五羰基铬-或-钨)]碳烯基和N-铜或N-锌螯合物。N-N衍生物的实例包括:N-硝基、N-亚硝基和N-氧化物。N-P衍生物的实例包括:N-二苯膦基、N-二甲硫基膦基、N-二苯硫基膦基、N-二烷基磷酰基、N-二苄基磷酰基、和N-二苯基磷酰基。N-亚磺酰基衍生物的实例包括:N-苯亚磺酰基、N-邻硝基苯亚磺酰基、N-2,4-二硝基苯亚磺酰基、N-五氯苯亚磺酰基、N-2-硝基-4-甲氧基-苯亚磺酰基、N-三苯基甲基亚磺酰基、和N-3-硝基吡啶亚磺酰基。N-磺酰基衍生物包括:N-对甲苯磺酰基、N-苯磺酰基、N-2,3,6-三甲基-4-甲氧基苯磺酰基、N-2,4,6-三甲氧基苯磺酰基、N-2,6-二甲基-4-甲氧基-苯磺酰基、N-五甲基苯磺酰基、N-2,3,5,6-四甲基-4-甲氧基苯磺酰基、N-4-甲氧基苯磺酰基、N-2,4,6-三甲基苯磺酰基、N-2,6-二甲氧基-4-甲基苯磺酰基、N-2,2,5,7,8-五甲基苯并二氢吡喃-6-磺酰基、N-甲磺酰基、N-β-三甲基甲硅烷基乙磺酰基、N-9-蒽磺酰基、N-4-(4’,8’-二甲氧基萘基甲基)-苯磺酰基、N-苄基磺酰基、N-三氟甲基磺酰基、和N-苯甲酰甲基磺酰基。
所公开的被掩蔽或被保护的化合物可以是药物前体、所代谢的化合物或者体内转化为所公开的化合物,例如在代谢期间的瞬间。这种转化作用可以是由与体液、例如血液接触而引起的水解或氧化,或者是酸、肝脏、胃肠道或其它酶的作用。
本发明的特征进一步描述在下列实施例中。
具体实施方式
E、实施例
实施例1
7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1H-苯并咪唑-5-甲酸(PD205293)的制备(APK IC50=14nM;结肠26个细胞,IC50=>10微摩尔)
步骤a:5-硝基-2,3,4-三氟苯甲酸的制备
向轻微搅拌着的浓硫酸(50ml)中加入发烟硝酸(3.4ml,0.076mol)。直接增量加入固体2,3,4-三氟苯甲酸(10.00g,0.05565mol)。搅拌45分钟后,反应混合物变为橙色均匀溶液,然后倒在冷水(400ml)上。所得水悬液用二乙醚萃取(3×200ml)。合并后的萃取液用无水硫酸镁干燥,在真空中浓缩,得到12.30g暗淡的浅黄色固体。从氯仿(50ml)中重结晶,得到9.54g淡黄色微晶产物;78%收率;m.p.;1H-NMR(400MHz;DMSO)δ14.29(宽s,1H),8.43-8.38(m,1H);13C-NMR(100MHz;DMSO)δ162.41,154.24(dd,JC-F=270.1,10.7Hz),148.35(dd,JC-F=267.0,9.2Hz),141.23(dt,JC-F=253.4Hz),133.95,123.30(d,JC-F=2.2Hz),116.92(dd,JC-F=18.2,3.8Hz);19F-NMR(376MHz;DMSO)δ-120.50--120.63(m),-131.133--131.27(m),-153.63--153.74(m)。
步骤b:4-氨基-2,3-二氟-5-硝基苯甲酸的制备
将固体5-硝基-2,3,4-三氟苯甲酸(0.75g,0.00339mol)溶于浓氢氧化铵(25ml),立即得到黄色溶液。在五分钟内开始生成沉淀,此后混合物用浓盐酸水溶液酸化至pH0。迅速生成黄色沉淀。混合物加热至沸腾,趁热过滤。黄色固体用10%盐酸水溶液洗涤,抽吸干燥,得到0.47g黄色产物;64%收率;1H-NMR(400MHz;DMSO)δ13.32(s,1H),8.36(d,1H,J=7.6Hz),7.98(s,2H);19F-NMR(376MHz;DMSO)δ-128.69--128.76(m),-153.60(d)。
步骤c:4-氨基-2,3-二氟-5-硝基苯甲酸甲酯的制备
将氯化氢气体溶于无水甲醇(30ml),直到溶液温热时为止。将固体4-氨基-2,3-二氟-5-硝基苯甲酸(0.47g;0.00215mol)溶于该溶液,在氮气氛下,将反应混合物在剧烈搅拌下回流23小时。反应混合物在台子上缓慢冷却。生成黄色沉淀,通过真空过滤收集,抽吸干燥,得到0.35g黄色微丝;70%收率;m.p.183.5-184℃;1H-NMR(400MHz;DMSO)δ8.36(dd,1H,J=7.3,1.7Hz),8.06(s,2H),3.78(s,3H);19F-NMR(376MHz;DMSO)δ-128.85--128.92(m),-153.29(d);MS(APCI-)231(M-1,100);IR(KBr)3433,3322,1700,1650,1549,1343,1285cm-1;分析计算值/实测值:C8H6F2N2O4C,41.39/41.40;H,2.61/2.50;N,12.07/11.98;F,16.37/16.58。
步骤d:4-氨基-3-氟-2-(2-甲基-苯基氨基)-5-硝基苯甲酸甲酯的制备
将固体4-氨基-2,3-二氟-5-硝基苯甲酸甲酯(0.087g,3.7×10-4mol)溶于邻甲苯胺(3ml,0.028mol)。反应混合物在200℃氮气氛下搅拌35分钟。然后使混合物在二乙醚(150ml)与10%盐酸水溶液(150ml)之间分配。醚相用无水硫酸镁干燥,在真空中浓缩,得到粗的固体,将粗产物溶于5ml二氯甲烷,通过快速二氧化硅塞过滤。用二氯甲烷洗脱,得到0.0953g黄色固体;81%收率;m.p.164-168℃;
1H-NMR(400MHz;DMSO)δ9.20(s,1H),8.52(d,1H,J=1.7Hz),7.57(s,2H),7.19(d,1H,J=7.3Hz),7.12-7.08(m,1H),7.02-6.98(m,1H),6.95-6.91(m,1H),3.78(s,3H),2.21(s,3H);19F-NMR(376MHz;DMSO)δ-141.13(s);MS(APCI+)320(M+1,100);(APCI-)318(M-1,100);IR(KBr)3467,3346,1690,1305cm-1;
分析计算值/实测值:C15H14FN3O4·0.21H2O C,55.77/55.97;H,4.50/4.55;N,13.01/12.61;F,5.88/5.95。
步骤e:4,5-二氨基-3-氟-2-(2-甲基-苯基氨基)苯甲酸甲酯的制备
在摇动器内,向由4-氨基-3-氟-2-(2-甲基-苯基氨基)-5-硝基苯甲酸甲酯(2.52g,0.00789mol)、四氢呋喃(50ml)、甲醇(50ml)和洗涤后的阮内镍(0.5g)组成的混合物施用最初为30.2℃48.6psi的氢气达4小时48分钟。混合物过滤,滤液在真空中浓缩,得到2.20g赭色无定形固体;96%收率;
1H-NMR(400MHz;DMSO)δ7.84(s,1H),7.04(d,1H,J=7.1Hz),6.98(d,1H,J=1.2Hz),6.95-6.91(m,1H),6.68-6.64(m,1H),6.40-6.36(m,1H),5.39(s,2H),4.73(s,2H),3.66(s,3H),2.21(s,3H);19F-NMR(376MHz;DMSO)δ-139.66(s)。
步骤f:7-氟-6-(2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1H-苯并咪唑-5-甲酸甲酯的制备
将搅拌着的4,5-二氨基-3-氟-2-(2-甲基-苯基氨基)苯甲酸甲酯(1.78g,0.00615mol)的甲酸(Aldrich,95-97%,100ml,2.5mol)溶液回流3小时,然后在真空中浓缩,得到粗的棕色固体。粗产物用氯仿(40ml)研制,随后通过真空过滤收集。固体抽吸干燥,得到1.09g淡紫色粉末。滤液在真空中浓缩,得到粗的固体,用10ml氯仿-二氯甲烷研制。通过真空过滤收集这些固体,用二氯甲烷清洗,抽吸干燥,另外得到0.55g淡紫色粉末(总产量:1.64g);87%收率;m.p.259-262℃;1H-NMR(400MHz;DMSO)δ8.42(s,1H),8.03(s,1H),7.93(宽s,1H),7.12(d,1H,J=7.0Hz),6.99-6.95(m,1H),6.75-6.71(m,1H),6.48-6.44(m,1H),3.81(s,3H),2.30(s,3H);19F-NMR(376MHz;DMSO)δ-132.84(s);MS(APCI+)300(M+1,100);(APCI-)298(M-1,100);IR(KBr)3322,1689,1437,1326,1218cm-1;分析计算值/实测值:C16H14FN3O2·0.32H2O C,62.99/63.01;H,4.84/4.61;N,13.77/13.70。
步骤g:7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1H-苯并咪唑-5-甲酸甲酯的制备
将搅拌着的7-氟-6-(2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1H-苯并咪唑-5-甲酸甲酯(0.2492g,8.326×10-4mol)、二氯碘化苄基三甲铵(Aldrich,95%,0.3934g,0.00113mol)和氯化锌(0.1899g,0.00139mol)在冰乙酸(20ml)中的混合物回流15分钟。热的悬液过滤,分离沉淀,在真空烘箱(90℃,约10mmHg)内干燥过夜,得到0.2392g绿色粉末;68%收率;m.p.219-220℃ DEC;1H-NMR(400MHz;DMSO)δ8.71(s,1H),8.02(s,1H),7.85(宽s,1H),7.43(d,1H,J=1.7Hz),7.24(dd,1H,J=8.5,2.2Hz),6.24(dd,1H,J=8.5,5.4Hz),3.76(s,3H),2.22(s,3H);19F-NMR(376MHz;DMSO)δ-132.86(s);MS(APCI+)426(M+1,48),169(100);(APCI-)424(M-1,100);IR(KBr)1704,1508,1227cm-1。
步骤h:7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1H-苯并咪唑-5-甲酸的制备
向原料7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1H-苯并咪唑-5-甲酸甲酯(0.2035g,4.786×10-4mol)的四氢呋喃(20ml)溶液中加入固体三甲基甲硅烷醇钾(0.315g,0.00246mol)。反应混合物在环境温度氩气下搅拌16小时。另加入0.082g(6.39×10-4mol)三甲基甲硅烷醇钾,混合物搅拌30分钟。反应混合物在真空中浓缩至三分之一体积,用二乙醚(50ml)研制。通过真空过滤收集所生成的灰白色沉淀,得到吸湿性固体。将潮湿的固体溶于4∶1(v/v)乙酸乙酯-甲醇溶液(500ml)。溶液用0.84M柠檬酸水溶液(50ml)洗涤,干燥(MgSO4),在真空中浓缩,得到黄色液体。将该液体再次溶于新鲜的乙酸乙酯-甲醇。溶液用盐水洗涤,干燥(MgSO4),在真空中浓缩。将残余物再次溶于氯仿,再次浓缩,得到1.55g粘性黄色残余物,主要由柠檬酸组成;MS(APCI-)191(M-1,100)。将残余物溶于水(50ml)。将不溶物萃取到1∶1(v/v)乙酸乙酯-二乙醚(250ml)中。分离后,含水相仍为强酸性(pH0)。有机相用新鲜部分的水(150ml)洗涤。分离后,该洗液仅为弱酸性(pH4.5)。有机相干燥(MgSO4),在真空中浓缩,用氯仿追赶(chase),得到,黄褐色半固体。产物用己烷研制。真空过滤并抽吸干燥,得到0.0839g黄褐色粉末。一部分产物(0.050g)从沸腾的乙醇(1ml)中重结晶。在冷却和适度刮擦下,生成灰白色固体。该产物通过真空过滤分离,在高真空(23℃)下干燥,得到0.018g灰白色粉末;9%收率;
m.p.247-248℃ DEC;
19F-NMR(376MHz;DMSO)δ-132.87(s);MS(APCI+)412(M+1,100);(APCI-)410(M-1,100);IR(KBr)3322,1689,1437,1326,1218cm-1;分析计算值/实测值:C15H11FIN3O2·0.61C2H6O·0.59H2O(91.4%母体)C,43.30/43.30;H,3.55/3.34;N.9.34/9.15。
实施例2
7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1H-苯并咪唑-5-甲酸环丙基甲氧基-酰胺(PD 254552)的制备(APK IC50<10nM(n=2);结肠26个细胞,1小时预处理,IC50=20nM)
步骤a:7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1H-苯并咪唑-5-甲酸五氟苯基酯(PD 254551)的制备(APK IC50=120nM(n=2))
向搅拌着的7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1H-苯并咪唑-5-甲酸(0.844g,2.05×10-3mol)的乙酸乙酯(4ml)悬液中加入五氟苯酚(0.375g,2.04×10-3mol)的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(10ml)溶液。然后加入固体二环己基碳二亚胺(0.415g,1.99×10-3mol),反应混合物搅拌22小时。将反应混合物真空过滤以除去已经生成的沉淀。滤液用乙酸乙酯(400ml)稀释,该溶液用水洗涤(3×400ml),干燥(MgSO4),在真空中浓缩,得到1.7g黄色泡沫。粗产物经过快速二氧化硅柱色谱纯化。用梯度(CHCl3至0.5%甲醇的CHCl3溶液)洗脱,得到0.69g黄色无定形产物;60%收率;
1H-NMR(400MHz;CDCl3)δ8.54(s,1H),8.28(s,1H),8.04(s,1H),7.49(d,1H,J=1.7Hz),7.36(dd,1H,J=8.2,1.7Hz),6.57(dd,1H,J=8.4,6.5Hz),2.31(s,3H);19F-NMR(376MHz;CDCl3)δ-132.02(s),-152.35(d,J=18.3Hz),-157.26(t,J=21.4Hz),-161.96(dd,J=21.3,18.3Hz);MS(APCI+)578(M+1,57),394(100);(APCI-)576(M-1,44),409(100),393(95),392(82),378(55),183(97),165(68),127(53);IR(KBr)1731cm-1(C=O拉伸)。
步骤b:7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1H-苯并咪唑-5-甲酸环丙基甲氧基-酰胺
向搅拌着的7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1H-苯并咪唑-5-甲酸五氟苯基酯(0.63g,1.09×10-3mol)的无水四氢呋喃(5ml)溶液中加入固体盐酸环丙基甲氧基胺(0.14g,1.13×10-3mol)和二异丙基乙胺(0.6ml,3.4×10-3mol)。反应混合物搅拌一周。除去溶剂,蒸发物用10%盐酸水溶液(200ml)处理,用二乙醚(200ml)萃取。得到两相悬液,通过真空过滤分离沉淀。粗产物从绝对乙醇中重结晶,得到0.18g绿黄色粉末;35%收率;
mp 168-172℃;1H-NMR(400MHz;DMSO)δ11.48(s,1H),8.37(s,1H),7.50(宽s,1H),7.45(s,1H),7.24(s,1H),7.07(d,1H,J=8.4Hz),6.03-5.97(m,1H),3.38(d,2H,J=6.5Hz),2.04(s,3H),0.85-0.75(m,1H),0.30-0.22(m,2H),0.00(s,2H);19F-NMR(376MHz;DMSO)δ-133.23(s);MS(APCI+)481(M+1,77),409(100);(APCI-)480(M,22),407(100);IR(KBr)1659,1632,1493cm-1;分析计算值/实测值:C19H18FIN4O2·0.50HCl(96.3%母体)C,45.78/45.74;H,3.74/3.84;N,11.24/10.88。
实施例3
7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1H-苯并咪唑-5-甲酸羟基酰胺的制备
步骤a:7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1H-苯并咪唑-5-甲酸O-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-羟基酰胺的制备
将7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1H-苯并咪唑-5-甲酸、O-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-羟胺(1.25equiv.)、苯并三唑-1-基-氧基-三-吡咯烷基磷鎓六氟磷酸酯(1.25equiv.)与二异丙基乙胺(3equiv.)的1∶1v/v四氢呋喃-二氯甲烷溶液搅拌30分钟。反应混合物在真空中浓缩,残余物经过快速色谱纯化;用二氯甲烷洗脱,得到所需产物。如果进一步纯化是必要的话,产物可以用适当溶剂重结晶,例如甲醇。
步骤b:7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1H-苯并咪唑-5-甲酸羟基酰胺
将化合物7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1H-苯并咪唑-5-甲酸O-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-羟基酰胺溶于适当的氯化氢-饱和溶剂,例如甲醇或乙醇。一旦均匀后,溶液在真空中浓缩,得到所需产物。如果进一步纯化是必要的话,产物可以用适当溶剂研制,例如氯仿或二氯甲烷。
实施例4
7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1H-苯并咪唑-5-甲酸环丙基甲氧基-酰胺的制备
步骤a:盐酸O-环丙基甲基羟胺的制备
步骤i:2-环丙基甲氧基-异吲哚-1,3-二酮的制备
在氮气氛下,通过加液漏斗,历经20分钟向用冰水浴冷却至6℃(内部混合物温度)的搅拌着的N-羟基邻苯二甲酰亚胺(Aldrich,57.15g,339.8mmol)、环丙烷甲醇(Aldrich,25.10g,341.1mmol)与三苯膦(″DEAD,″Aldrich,91.0g,344mmol)的1.00L四氢呋喃溶液/悬液中滴加偶氮二羧酸二乙酯(Aldrich,56ml,356mmol)。反应混合物的温度在加入期间保持在20℃以下。加入DEAD之后,除去冷却浴,反应混合物搅拌15小时。混合物在减压下浓缩,得到糊状物。加入氯仿(约300ml),使混合物形成旋涡以松散所有固体。真空过滤除去不溶物。滤液同样过滤,以除去所生成的白色沉淀,得到澄清的滤液。在减压下浓缩,得到澄清的油。通过硅胶快速过滤(100%氯仿),得到含有未分离产物的滤液。合并这些滤液,在减压下浓缩,得到127.4g澄清的油。将该油溶于无水乙醇(400ml),溶液冷冻两小时。沉淀出白色结晶性固体,随后通过真空过滤收集。产物在真空烘箱(60℃)内干燥,得到42.66g(58%)所需物质;
m.p.71-77℃;1H-NMR(400MHz;CDCl3信号偏移至δ6.96)δ7.54-7.43(m,4H),3.74(d,2H,J=7.6Hz),1.02-0.95(m,1H),0.34-0.30(m,1H),0.04-0.00(m,1H)。
步骤ii:盐酸O-环丙基甲基羟胺的制备
在环境条件下,向搅拌着的2-环丙基甲氧基-异吲哚-1,3-二酮(42.64g,196.3mmol)的150ml二氯甲烷溶液中小心地加入甲基肼(Aldrich,10.7ml,197mmol)。几乎立即开始生成白色沉淀。剧烈搅拌15分钟后,悬液真空过滤。滤液同样过滤,以除去另外的沉淀。所得澄清滤液小心地在减压下浓缩(挥发性产物),得到澄清的液体/固体混合物。制备产物的乙醚(200ml)溶液,真空过滤,除去白色固体。滤液用气态氯化氢酸化,立即得到白色沉淀。通过真空过滤收集固体,真空烘箱(55℃)干燥,得到18.7g(77%)白色粉末产物;m.p.165-168℃;1H-NMR(400MHz;DMSO)δ10.77(宽s,2H),3.57(d,2H,J=7.3Hz),0.84-0.74(m,1H),0.31-0.25(m,2H),0.04-0.00(m,1H);13C-NMR(100MHz;DMSO)δ75.39,5.52,0.00。
步骤b:7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1H-苯并咪唑-5-甲酸环丙基甲氧基-酰胺的制备
将7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1H-苯并咪唑-5-甲酸、盐酸O-环丙基甲基羟胺(1.25equiv.)、苯并三唑-1-基-氧基-三-吡咯烷基磷鎓六氟磷酸酯(1.25equiv.)与二异丙基乙胺(3equiv.)的1∶1v/v四氢呋喃-二氯甲烷溶液搅拌30分钟。反应混合物在真空中浓缩,将残余物溶于二乙醚。醚相用稀盐酸水溶液、饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液和盐水洗涤,干燥(MgSO4),在真空中浓缩,得到所需产物。如果进一步纯化是必要的话,产物可以用适当溶剂重结晶,例如甲醇。
实施例5
7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1H-苯并噁唑-5-甲酸的制备
步骤a:5-硝基-2,3,4-三氟苯甲酸的制备
同实施例1步骤a。
步骤b:2,3-二氟-4-羟基-5-硝基苯甲酸的制备
将固体5-硝基-2,3,4-三氟苯甲酸(1.00g,0.00452mol)溶于10wt.%氢氧化钠水溶液。混合物是澄清的呈深橙色。在环境条件下放置几分钟后,混合物用浓盐酸水溶液终止反应,直至强酸性(pH0)。沉淀出白色固体,通过真空过滤分离,抽吸干燥,得到0.40g灰白色固体。该固体从氯仿(20ml)中重结晶,得到0.22g灰白色结晶性粉末;22%收率;MS(APCI-)218(M-1,100)。
步骤c:2,3-二氟-4-羟基-5-硝基苯甲酸甲酯的制备
将无水氯化氢气体溶于无水甲醇(50ml),直到溶液温热时为止。将微晶固体2,3-二氟-4-羟基-5-硝基苯甲酸(0.22g,0.00100mol)溶于氯化氢的甲醇溶液。将搅拌着的反应混合物在氮气下回流16小时。混合物在真空中浓缩,得到白色固体。产物在高真空下干燥,得到0.213g白色粉末;91%收率;
m.p.108-109.5℃;1H-NMR(400MHz;DMSO)δ8.25(dd,1H,J=7.7,2.2Hz),3.83(s,3H);(CDCl3)δ10.83(s,1H),8.66(dd,1H,J=7.0,2.2Hz),3.98(s,3H);19F-NMR(376MHz;DMSO)δ-127.85(s),-154.32(d,J=19.8Hz);(CDCl3)δ-118.31--118.37(m),-152.38(d,J=18.3Hz);MS(APCI-)232(M-1,100);IR(KBr)3264,1731,1640,1546,1307,1286,1160cm-1。
步骤d:1-金刚烷基4-羧甲基-2,3-二氟-6-硝基苯基碳酸酯的制备
在环境温度下,向1-金刚烷基氟甲酸酯(2.0M)与吡啶(2.0M)的四氢呋喃溶液中加入搅拌着的2,3-二氟-4-羟基-5-硝基苯甲酸甲酯(0.96equiv.,0.384M)的无水四氢呋喃溶液。反应混合物搅拌6小时,在真空中除去溶剂。将残余物溶于二氯甲烷。有机溶液用稀盐酸水溶液、稀碳酸钠水溶液和水洗涤,干燥(MgSO4),在真空中浓缩,得到所需产物。
步骤e:1-金刚烷基4-羧甲基-2-氟-3-(2-甲基-苯基氨基)-6-硝基苯基碳酸酯的制备
将化合物1-金刚烷基4-羧甲基-2,3-二氟-6-硝基苯基碳酸酯溶于过量邻甲苯胺。反应混合物在200℃下搅拌6小时。混合物冷却,溶于二乙醚。有机相用稀盐酸水溶液、饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液和盐水洗涤,干燥(MgSO4),在真空中浓缩,得到所需产物。必要的话,产物经过快速色谱纯化。
步骤f:3-氟-4-羟基-2-(2-甲基-苯基氨基)-5-硝基苯甲酸甲酯的制备
在环境温度下,将化合物1-金刚烷基4-羧甲基-2-氟-3-(2-甲基-苯基氨基)-6-硝基苯基碳酸酯溶于过量三氟乙酸。混合物搅拌20分钟。在减压下除去TFA。残余物经过真空泵以除去金刚烷-1-醇,得到所需产物。
步骤g:5-氨基-3-氟-4-羟基-2-(2-甲基-苯基氨基)-苯甲酸甲酯的制备
将化合物3-氟-4-羟基-2-(2-甲基-苯基氨基)-5-硝基苯甲酸甲酯如实施例1步骤e进行处理。
步骤h:7-氟-6-(2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1H-苯并噁唑-5-甲酸甲酯的制备
将化合物5-氨基-3-氟-4-羟基-2-(2-甲基-苯基氨基)-苯甲酸甲酯如实施例1步骤f进行处理。如果进一步纯化是必要的话,产物可以用适当溶剂重结晶,例如氯仿或乙醇。
步骤i:7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1H-苯并噁唑-5-甲酸甲酯的制备
将7-氟-6-(2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1H-苯并噁唑-5-甲酸甲酯(0.042M)、二氯碘化苄基三甲铵(Aldrich,95%,0.057M,1.36equiv.)与氯化锌(0.070M,1.67equiv.)在冰乙酸中的起始混合物回流15分钟。混合物在真空中浓缩,将残余物溶于二乙醚。醚溶液用稀盐酸水溶液、水和盐水洗涤,干燥(MgSO4),在真空中浓缩,得到所需产物。产物可以用适当溶剂重结晶加以纯化,例如乙醇。
步骤j:7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1H-苯并噁唑-5-甲酸的制备
向7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1H-苯并噁唑-5-甲酸甲酯的四氢呋喃溶液(0.024M)中加入固体三甲基甲硅烷醇钾(5.14equiv.)。反应混合物在环境温度氩气下搅拌16小时。另加入等量的三甲基甲硅烷醇钾,混合物搅拌30分钟。反应混合物在真空中浓缩,得到残余物,然后溶于1∶1(v/v)乙酸乙酯-二乙醚。有机相用稀盐酸水溶液、水和盐水洗涤,干燥(硫酸镁),在真空中浓缩,用氯仿追赶,得到粗产物。从适当溶剂中重结晶,例如乙醇,得到纯净的所需产物。
实施例6
7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1H-苯并噁唑-5-甲酸羟基酰胺的制备
步骤a:7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1H-苯并噁唑-5-甲酸O-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-羟基酰胺的制备
将化合物7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1H-苯并噁唑-5-甲酸如实施例2步骤a进行处理。
步骤b:7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1H-苯并噁唑-5-甲酸羟基酰胺的制备
将化合物7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1H-苯并噁唑-5-甲酸O-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-羟基酰胺如实施例2步骤b进行处理。
实施例7
7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1H-苯并噁唑-5-甲酸环丙基甲氧基-酰胺的制备
将化合物7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1H-苯并噁唑-5-甲酸如实施例3步骤b进行处理。
实施例8
7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1H-苯并噻唑-5-甲酸的制备
步骤a:5-硝基-2,3,4-三氟苯甲酸的制备
同实施例1步骤a。
步骤b:2,3-二氟-4-羟基-5-硝基苯甲酸的制备
同实施例4步骤b。
步骤c:2,3-二氟-4-羟基-5-硝基苯甲酸甲酯的制备
同实施例4步骤c。
步骤d:4-二甲硫基氨基甲酰氧基-2,3-二氟-5-硝基-苯甲酸甲基酯的制备
将2,3-二氟-4-羟基-5-硝基苯甲酸甲酯的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液用一摩尔当量碳酸铯处理,温热至85℃达30分钟。然后向该起始混合物中迅速滴加略微过量的N,N-二甲硫基氨基甲酰氯的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液进行处理。反应混合物在室温下搅拌一小时,或者可以用蒸汽浴温热一小时。然后将混合物倒入水中,用乙酸乙酯萃取。有机相用5%氢氧化钠水溶液、水和盐水洗涤,然后用干燥剂干燥,例如硫酸镁或硫酸钠。然后在真空中除去溶剂,得到粗产物。化合物按普通方法纯化,例如色谱法或从适当溶剂中结晶。
步骤e:4-二甲硫基氨基甲酰氧基-3-氟-5-硝基-2-邻甲苯基氨基-苯甲酸甲基酯的制备
将化合物4-二甲硫基氨基甲酰氧基-2,3-二氟-5-硝基-苯甲酸甲基酯溶于过量邻甲苯胺。将搅拌着的混合物加热至200℃达一小时。然后将混合物倒入5%盐酸水溶液中。含水混合物用二乙醚萃取。有机相用水和盐水洗涤,经硫酸镁干燥,在真空中浓缩。粗产物按普通方法纯化,例如色谱法或者从适当溶剂中结晶。
步骤f:7-氟-6-(2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1H-苯并噻唑-5-甲酸甲酯的制备
将化合物5-氨基-3-氟-4-巯基-2-(2-甲基-苯基氨基)-苯甲酸甲酯如实施例4步骤h进行处理。
步骤g:7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1H-苯并噻唑-5-甲酸甲酯的制备
将化合物7-氟-6-(2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1H-苯并噻唑-5-甲酸甲酯如实施例4步骤i进行处理。
步骤h:7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1H-苯并噻唑-5-甲酸的制备
将化合物7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1H-苯并噻唑-5-甲酸甲酯如实施例4步骤j进行处理。
实施例9
7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1H-苯并噻唑-5-甲酸羟基酰胺的制备
步骤a:7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1H-苯并噻唑-5-甲酸O-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-羟基酰胺的制备
将化合物7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1H-苯并噻唑-5-甲酸如实施例2步骤a进行处理。
步骤b:7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1H-苯并噻唑-5-甲酸羟基酰胺的制备
将化合物7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1H-苯并噻唑-5-甲酸O-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-羟基酰胺如实施例2步骤b进行处理。
实施例10
7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1H-苯并噻唑-5-甲酸环丙基甲氧基-酰胺的制备
将化合物7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1H-苯并噻唑-5-甲酸如实施例3步骤b进行处理。
实施例11
8-氟-7-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-喹喔啉-6-甲酸的制备
步骤a:8-氟-7-(2-甲基-苯基氨基)-喹喔啉-6-甲酸的制备
将化合物4,5-二氨基-3-氟-2-(2-甲基-苯基氨基)苯甲酸甲酯(来自实施例1步骤e)溶于2∶1∶1.2v/v/v 2.0M乙酸-4.0M乙酸钠-甲醇。悬液温热至65℃(或者直到均匀时为止),将澄清溶液倒入温热至70℃的0.078M乙二醛亚硫酸氢钠(Aldrich,一水合物,1.05equiv.)溶液中。反应混合物在55-75℃之间轻微搅拌一小时,然后用冰水浴冷却至12℃。将粉碎后的氢氧化钠颗粒(27equiv.)加入到冷溶液中。混合物轻微温热至30℃,搅拌45分钟。将温度升至70℃达15分钟。混合物冷却,用乙酸乙酯处理。两相混合物用浓盐酸水溶液处理,使含水相的pH达到0。分离有机相,干燥(MgSO4),在真空中浓缩,得到所需产物。必要时产物可以用适当溶剂研制,例如二氯甲烷,或者从乙醇等溶剂中重结晶,用于进一步纯化。
步骤b:8-氟-7-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-喹喔啉-6-甲酸的制备
将化合物8-氟-7-(2-甲基-苯基氨基)-喹喔啉-6-甲酸如实施例4步骤i进行处理。
实施例12
8-氟-7-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-喹喔啉-6-甲酸羟基酰胺的制备
步骤a:8-氟-7-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-喹喔啉-6-甲酸O-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-羟基酰胺的制备
将化合物8-氟-7-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-喹喔啉-6-甲酸如实施例2步骤a进行处理。
步骤b:8-氟-7-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-喹喔啉-6-甲酸羟基酰胺的制备
将化合物8-氟-7-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-喹喔啉-6-甲酸O-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-羟基酰胺如实施例2步骤b进行处理。
实施例13
8-氟-7-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-喹喔啉-6-甲酸环丙基甲氧基-酰胺
将化合物8-氟-7-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-喹喔啉-6-甲酸如实施例3步骤b进行处理。
实施例14
7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-苯并[1,2,5]噻二唑-5-甲酸的制备
步骤a:7-氟-6-(2-甲基-苯基氨基)-苯并[1,2,5]噻二唑-5-甲酸甲酯的制备
向搅拌着的4,5-二氨基-3-氟-2-(2-甲基苯基氨基)-苯甲酸甲酯(来自实施例1步骤e)与二异丙基乙胺(2equiv.)在二乙醚或甲苯等适当溶剂中的溶液中加入N-硫苯胺或亚硫酰氯等试剂(1.35equiv.)。反应混合物回流一小时。混合物用稀盐酸水溶液终止反应。有机相用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液和盐水洗涤,干燥(MgSO4),在真空中浓缩,得到所需产物。如果进一步纯化是必要的话,产物可以用适当溶剂重结晶,例如氯仿或乙醇,或者可以进行色谱纯化。
可供替代的方法:将化合物4,5-二氨基-3-氟-2-(2-甲基苯基氨基)-苯甲酸甲酯加入到搅拌着的一氯化硫(6equiv.)的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液中,混合物逐渐加热至75-80℃。5小时后,混合物冷却至10℃,缓慢加入水。混合物用溶剂萃取,例如二乙醚或二氯甲烷。有机萃取液干燥(MgSO4),在真空中浓缩,得到所需产物。如果进一步纯化是必要的话,产物可以用适当溶剂重结晶,例如氯仿或乙醇。
步骤b:7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-苯并[1,2,5]噻二唑-5-甲酸甲酯的制备
将化合物7-氟-6-(2-甲基-苯基氨基)-苯并[1,2,5]噻二唑-5-甲酸甲酯如实施例4步骤i进行处理。
步骤c:7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-苯并[1,2,5]噻二唑-5-甲酸的制备
将化合物7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-苯并[1,2,5]噻二唑-5-甲酸甲酯如实施例4步骤j进行制备。
实施例15
7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-苯并[1,2,5]噻二唑-5-甲酸羟基酰胺的制备
步骤a:7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-苯并[1,2,5]噻二唑-5-甲酸O-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-羟基酰胺的制备
将化合物7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-苯并[1,2,5]噻二唑-5-甲酸如实施例2步骤a进行处理。
步骤b:7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-苯并[1,2,5]噻二唑-5-甲酸羟基酰胺的制备
将化合物7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-苯并[1,2,5]噻二唑-5-甲酸O-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-羟基酰胺如实施例2步骤b进行处理。
实施例16
7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-苯并[1,2,5]噻二唑-5-甲酸环丙基甲氧基-酰胺的制备
将化合物7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-苯并[1,2,5]噻二唑-5-甲酸如实施例3步骤b进行处理。
实施例17
7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-苯并[1,2,5]噁二唑-5-甲酸的制备
步骤a:7-氟-6-(2-甲基-苯基氨基)-苯并[1,2,5]噁二唑-5-甲酸甲酯2-氧化物的制备
参见Takakis,I.M.;Hadjimihalakis,P.M.《杂环化学杂志》27,177(1990)。
将4-氨基-3-氟-2-(2-甲基-苯基氨基)-5-硝基苯甲酸甲酯(来自实施例1步骤d)与亚碘酰苯二乙酸酯(1.76equiv.)在苯中的混合物在环境温度下搅拌5小时。混合物在真空中浓缩,残余物经过柱色谱法纯化,得到所需产物。
可供替代的方法:将4-氨基-3-氟-2-(2-甲基苯基氨基)-5-硝基苯甲酸甲酯(0.86M)的四氢呋喃溶液重氮化,将重氮盐原位用叠氮化钠处理,如Smith,P.A.S.;Boyer,J.H.《有机合成》31,14(1951)及其引用的参考文献4和8所述。该中间体在乙二醇中、在110-120℃下热分解一小时,得到所需产物。
步骤b:7-氟-6-(2-甲基-苯基氨基)-苯并[1,2,5]噁二唑-5-甲酸甲酯的制备
将7-氟-6-(2-甲基-苯基氨基)-苯并[1,2,5]噁二唑-5-甲酸甲酯2-氧化物与叠氮化钠(1.38equiv.)的乙二醇溶液加热至140-150℃达30分钟,柱色谱法之后得到所需产物。
步骤c:7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-苯并[1,2,5]噁二唑-5-甲酸甲酯的制备
将化合物7-氟-6-(2-甲基-苯基氨基)-苯并[1,2,5]噁二唑-5-甲酸甲酯如实施例4步骤i进行制备。
步骤d:7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-苯并[1,2,5]噁二唑-5-甲酸的制备
将化合物7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-苯并[1,2,5]噁二唑-5-甲酸甲酯如实施例4步骤j进行处理。
实施例18
7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-苯并[1,2,5]噁二唑-5-甲酸羟基酰胺的制备
步骤a:7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-苯并[1,2,5]噁二唑-5-甲酸O-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-羟基酰胺的制备
将化合物7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-苯并[1,2,5]噁二唑-5-甲酸如实施例2步骤a进行处理。
步骤b:7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-苯并[1,2,5]噁二唑-5-甲酸羟基酰胺的制备
将化合物7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-苯并[1,2,5]噁二唑-5-甲酸O-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-羟基酰胺如实施例2步骤b进行处理。
实施例19
7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-苯并[1,2,5]噁二唑-5-甲酸环丙基甲氧基-酰胺的制备
将化合物7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-苯并[1,2,5]噁二唑-5-甲酸如实施例3步骤b进行处理。
实施例20
7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1H-苯并三唑-5-甲酸的制备
步骤a:7-氟-6-(2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1H-苯并三唑-5-甲酸甲酯的制备
将化合物4,5-二氨基-3-氟-2-(2-甲基-苯基氨基)苯甲酸甲酯(来自实施例1步骤e)按普通方法重氮化。得到所需产物。
步骤b:7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1H-苯并三唑-5-甲酸甲酯的制备
将化合物7-氟-6-(2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1H-苯并三唑-5-甲酸甲酯如实施例4步骤i进行处理。
步骤c:7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1H-苯并三唑-5-甲酸的制备
将化合物7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1H-苯并三唑-5-甲酸甲酯如实施例4步骤j进行处理。
实施例21
7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1H-苯并三唑-5-甲酸羟基酰胺的制备
步骤a:7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1H-苯并三唑-5-甲酸O-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-羟基酰胺的制备
将化合物7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1H-苯并三唑-5-甲酸如实施例2步骤a进行处理。
步骤b:7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1H-苯并三唑-5-甲酸羟基酰胺的制备
将化合物7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1H-苯并三唑-5-甲酸O-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-羟基酰胺如实施例2步骤b进行处理。
实施例22
7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1H-苯并三唑-5-甲酸环丙基甲氧基-酰胺的制备
将化合物7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1H-苯并三唑-5-羧酸如实施例3步骤b进行处理。
实施例23
MAP激酶途径抑制剂的级联测定
在含有p44MAP激酶(GST-MAPK)的谷胱甘肽S-转移酶融合蛋白和含有p45MEK(GST-MEK)的谷胱甘肽S-转移酶融合蛋白的存在下,测定32P向髓磷脂碱性蛋白(MBP)中的结合。测定溶液含有20mMHEPES,pH7.4、10mM MgCl2、1mM EGTA、50μM[γ-32P]ATP、10μgGST-MEK、0.5μg GST-MAPK和40μg MBP,最终体积为100μL。20分钟后加入三氯乙酸以终止反应,通过GF/C滤垫过滤。利用120SBetaplate测定滤垫上留下的32P。在10μM下评估化合物抑制32P结合的能力。
为了确定化合物抑制GST-MEK还是抑制GST-MAPK,采用另外两种方案。在第一种方案中,将化合物加入到含有GST-MEK的试管内,然后加入GST-MAPK、MBP和[γ-32P]ATP。在第二种方案中,将化合物加入到含有GST-MEK和GST-MAPK的试管内,然后加入MBP和[γ-32P]ATP。
在两种方案中都显示活性的化合物记作MAPK抑制剂,而仅在第一中方案中显示活性的化合物记作MEK抑制剂。
实施例24
体外MAP激酶测定
在直接的测定法中可以确认抑制活性。关于MAP激酶,将1μgGST-MAPK与40μg MBP在30℃下培养15分钟,最终体积为50μL,含有50mM Tris(pH7.5)、10μM MgCl2、2μM EGTA和10μM[γ-32P]ATP。加入Laemmli SDS样本缓冲液以终止反应,通过10%聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳拆分磷酸化的MBP。利用放射自显影法和离体谱带的闪烁计数法测定结合到MBP中的放射性。
实施例25
体外MEK测定
关于直接的MEK活性的评价,将10μg GST-MEK1与5μg含有p44MAP激酶的谷胱甘肽S-转移酶融合蛋白培养,该p44MAP激酶在71位上具有从赖氨酸到丙氨酸的突变(GST-MAPK-KA)。该突变作用消除了MAPK的激酶活性,因此仅保留归因于所加入的MEK的激酶活性。培养在30℃下进行15分钟,最终体积为50μL,其中含有50mMTris(pH7.5)、10μM MgCl2、2μM EGTA和10μM[γ-32P]ATP。加入Laemrnli SDS样本缓冲液以终止反应,通过10%聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳拆分磷酸化的GST-MAPK-KA。利用放射自显影法和随后的离体谱带的闪烁计数法测定结合到GST-MAPK-KA中的放射性。另外,使用人工活化的MEK,它在218和222位具有从丝氨酸到谷氨酸盐的突变(GST-MEK-2E)。当这两个位点被磷酸化时,MEK的活性增加。从丝氨酸残基到谷氨酸盐的突变可以模仿这些位点的磷酸化作用。关于该测定,将5μg GST-MEK-2E与5μg GST-MAPK-KA在30℃下、在上述相同的反应缓冲液中培养15分钟。如上终止反应并进行分析。
实施例26
全细胞MAP激酶测定
为了测定化合物是否阻滞全细胞内MAP激酶的活化作用,使用下列方案。将细胞平板接种在多孔平板内,生长至融合。使细胞丧失血清过夜。将细胞暴露于所需浓度的化合物或载体(DMSO)达30分钟,然后加入生长因子,例如PDGF(100ng/ml)。用生长因子处理5分钟后,细胞用PBS洗涤,溶解在含有70mM NaCl、10mM HEPES(pH7.4)、50mM甘油磷酸酯和1%Triton X-100的缓冲液中。溶胞产物在13000xg下离心10分钟而澄清。对五至十五微克来自所得上清液的蛋白质进行SDS/PAGE和蛋白质印迹法用于测定磷酸化MAP激酶水平。
实施例27
单细胞层生长
将细胞平板接种在多孔平板内,浓度为10至20000个细胞/ml。四十八小时后,将供试化合物加入到细胞生长培养基中,继续培养2天。然后通过与胰蛋白酶的培养从孔中除去细胞,用Coulter计数器计数。
实施例28
在软琼脂中的生长
将细胞接种在35mm平皿中,浓度为5至10000个细胞/平皿,使用含有0.3%琼脂的生长培养基。冷却使琼脂固化后,将细胞转移到37℃培养器内。生长7至10天后,借助解剖显微镜手工计数可见的菌落数。
实施例29
小鼠胶原诱导的关节炎
小鼠II型胶原诱导的关节炎(CIA)是一种关节炎的实验模型,它具有大量与类风湿性关节炎一致的病理、免疫和遗传特征。通过用100μg II型胶原对DBA/1小鼠致免疫而诱导该疾病,这种胶原是关节软骨的主要成分,以Freund完全佐剂形式在真皮内释放。疾病敏感性受II类MHC基因座位调节,这类似于类风湿性关节炎与HLA-DR4的关系。
在大多数致免疫小鼠中发展为进行性和炎性关节炎,其特征在于爪子宽度增加高达100%。将供试化合物在一定剂量范围内对小鼠给药,例如20、60、100和200mg/kg体重/天。试验的持续时间可以是若干周至几个月,例如40、60或80天。使用临床评价指数来评估疾病的进展,从红斑与水肿(第1阶段)、关节变形(第2阶段)到关节强硬(第3阶段)。疾病的不确定性在于它可能影响动物的一只或全部爪子,导致每只小鼠的总分可能都达到12。关节炎性关节的病理组织学揭示滑膜炎、血管翳形成和软骨与骨糜烂。对CIA敏感的全部小鼠是II型胶原的高抗体应答者,对CII存在显著的细胞应答。
实施例30
SCW-诱导的单关节关节炎
如Schwab等《传染与免疫性》59:4436-4442(1991)所述诱导关节炎,并作微小改变。在第0天向大鼠右胫跗关节进行关节内注射6μg超声处理过的SCW(10μl Dulbecco’s PBS溶液(DPBS))。在第21天,将100μg SCW(250μl)i.v.给药,引发DTH。关于口服化合物研究,将化合物悬浮在载体(0.5%羟丙基甲基纤维素/0.2%吐温80)中,超声处理,每日给药两次(10ml/kg体积),始于用SCW再活化前1小时。化合物的给药量在10与500mg/kg体重/天之间,例如20、30、60、100、200和300mg/kg/天。在第21天再活化之前测定致敏后爪的基线体积,将其与随后的时间点、例如第22、23、24和25天的体积进行比较,获得水肿的测量结果。利用汞体积描记法测定爪子体积。
实施例31
小鼠耳-心移植模型
Fey,T.A.等描述了将小鼠和大鼠的心裂新生心脏移植物移植到耳廓的方法(《药理学与毒理学方法杂志》39:9-17(1998))。将化合物溶于含有下列组合的溶液:无水乙醇、0.2%羟丙基甲基纤维素水溶液、丙二醇、Cremophor和葡萄糖,或者其它溶剂或悬浮载体。对小鼠口服或腹膜内给药,每日一次、两次或三次,从移植当天(第0天)到第13天,或者直到移植物已被排斥时为止。对大鼠给药每日一次、两次或三次,从第0天到第13天。将每只动物麻醉,在接受移植的耳朵底部切开,仅切开背侧表皮和真皮。展开切口,向下至平行于头部的软骨,宽度足以容纳适当的隧道(对大鼠来说)或插入工具(对小鼠来说)。将新生不到60个小时的小鼠或大鼠幼畜麻醉,使颈脱臼。从胸部取出心脏,用盐水清洗,用解剖刀纵向对切,用无菌盐水清洗。将供体心脏片段置于预先用插入工具形成的隧道内,用轻微的压力小心地从隧道内压出空气或残留液。不需要缝合、粘合、包扎或用抗生素处理。
用实体镜解剖显微镜在10-20倍放大率下检查植入物,无需麻醉。没有观察到移植物搏动的受体可以麻醉,利用Grass E-2铂真皮下针式微电极和血流速度描记评价电活性的存在,该微电极置于耳廓内或者直接置于移植物内。植入物可以每天检查1-4次,持续10、20、30或更多天。可以将供试化合物改善移植排斥症状的能力与对照化合物进行比较,例如环孢菌素、他克莫司或口服给药的来氟米特。
实施例32
鼠卵清蛋白诱导的嗜曙红细胞增多
从Jackson实验室(Bar Harbor,ME)获得雌性C57BL/6小鼠。全部动物随意进食和饮水。在第0天单次i.p.注射OVA(V级,SigmaChemical Company,St.Louis,MO)对小鼠进行致敏,OVA是吸附在明矾上的(10μg OVA+9mg明矾的200μl盐水溶液),或者注射载体对照(9mg明矾的200μl盐水溶液)。在第14天,通过吸入由1.5%OVA(重量/体积)的盐水溶液组成的气雾剂12分钟而激发小鼠,气雾剂是由雾化器产生的(小颗粒发生器,SPAG-2型;ICNPharmaceuticals,Costa Mesa,CA)。每八只小鼠为一组,给以口服载体(0.5%羟丙基甲基纤维素/0.25%吐温80)或10、30或100mg/kg供试化合物的口服载体溶液,每只小鼠200μl p.o.。在第7天或第13天开始进行给药,每天一次,并延伸至第16天。
关于肺嗜曙红细胞增多的测定,在第一次OVA气雾剂给药后三天(第17天),i.p.注射麻醉剂(氯胺酮/乙酰丙嗪/赛拉嗪)将小鼠麻醉,暴露气管,插套管。肺和上气道用0.5ml冷PBS灌洗两次。一部分(200μl)支气管肺泡灌洗(BAL)液用ZB1型Coulter计数器(Coulter Electronics,Hialeah,FL)计数。然后将其余BAL液在300xg下离心五分钟,将细胞再次悬浮在1ml含有0.5%胎牛血清(HyClone)和10mM HEPES(Gibco BRL)的HBSS(Gibco BRL)中。将细胞悬液在cytospin(Shandon Southern Instruments,Sewickley,PA)中离心,用Diff Quick(American ScientificProducts,McGraw Park,IL)染色,以分化BAL白细胞为嗜中性白细胞、嗜曙红细胞、单核细胞或淋巴细胞亚型。用嗜曙红细胞百分率乘以总细胞数,测定BAL液中嗜曙红细胞的数量。
实施例33
Caco-2细胞研究
利用在Snapwells上接种后生长22至28天的Caco-2细胞进行细胞转运研究。通常,尖端使用含有5mM KCl、135mM NaCl和1.8mMCaCl2的10mM MES缓冲液(pH6.5),基侧使用含有5mM KCl、132.5mMNaCl、1.8mM CaCl2和5mM D-葡萄糖的10mM MOPS缓冲液(pH7.4)。洗涤单细胞层后,将适当缓冲液用吸移管移入各分室内,在37℃下将细胞预平衡至少15分钟。在实验当天,抽吸生长基,在37℃下将单细胞层用适当缓冲液预平衡至少15分钟。然后,进行TEER测量,以确认单细胞层的完整。在并列扩散分室系统(PrecisionInstrument Design,Tahoe City,CA)中计数单细胞层,进行跨上皮流通量测量。温度用循环水套保持在37℃。将溶液与95%氧-5%二氧化碳的气举循环混合。将含有PD化合物、[14C]甘露糖醇(渗漏标记物)和[3H]美托洛尔(参照化合物)的供体溶液加入到尖端分室内。按选定时间间隔收集供体与受体样本达3小时。使用闪烁计数法(TopCount,Packard Instruments,Downers Grove,IL)分析放射标记的甘露糖醇和美托洛尔。使用LC/MS/MS法分析PD化合物。利用下列方程式计算表观渗透系数:
Papp=(V*dC)/(A.Co.dt)
其中V=受体溶液体积的ml数,A=表面积的cm2数,Co=最初供体浓度的mM数,dC/dt=受体分室内药物浓度随时间的变化。
实施例34
人和大鼠肝脏微粒体内的代谢稳定性
在37℃下,在1.0mM NADPH的存在下,将化合物(5μM DMSO溶液)分别与人和大鼠肝脏微粒体(0.5mg/ml蛋白质)在50mM KHPO4缓冲液中培养。在0、10、20和40分钟时,取出100μl试样,加入到300μl乙腈中。以类似方式利用每种化合物的下列浓度获得标准曲线:7.5μM、3.75μM、2.5μM、1.25μM。利用LC/MS/MS分析样本的母体浓度。利用WinNonlin对浓度-时间作图,由此测定体外代谢半衰期。这些体外数据代表氧化和水解代谢的速率。
F、其它实施方式
从上述公开内容和实施例以及下述权利要求书,本发明的必要特征是显而易见的。本发明的范围也涵盖在本领域普通技术人员的知识范围之内的各种变化和改变。例如包括通过加入或除去保护基团而进行修饰的所公开的化合物,或者所公开化合物的酯、药物盐、水合物、酸或酰胺。本文引用的公开文献全文结合在此作为参考。
Claims (33)
2.权利要求1的化合物,其中R11是H。
3.权利要求1的化合物,其中R1是H、甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、异丁基、C3-6环烷基、(C3-5环烷基)C1-2烷基。
4.权利要求3的化合物,其中R1是H或(C3-4环烷基)C1-2烷基。
5.权利要求1的化合物,其中R2是H或甲基。
6.权利要求1的化合物,其中Z是式(v)。
7.权利要求6的化合物,其中X1是NR8,R7是H。
8.权利要求1的化合物,具有7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1H-苯并咪唑-5-甲酸的结构。
9.权利要求1的化合物,选自7-氟-6-(4-碘-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-1H-苯并咪唑-5-甲酸和相应的异羟肟酸和环丙基甲基异羟肟酸酯。
10.用于治疗可以通过抑制MEK酶治疗的疾病的药物组合物,包含权利要求1的化合物和药学上可接受的载体。
11.根据权利要求1的化合物在制备药物中的应用,所述药物用于治疗可以通过抑制MEK酶治疗的疾病。
12.权利要求11的应用,所述药物用于治疗增殖性疾病。
13.权利要求12的应用,其中所述增殖性疾病选自牛皮癣、再狭窄、自体免疫疾病和动脉粥样硬化。
14.权利要求11的应用,所述药物用于治疗癌症。
15.权利要求14的应用,其中所述癌症是与MEK有关的。
16.权利要求14的应用,其中所述癌症是结肠直肠癌、宫颈癌、乳腺癌、卵巢癌、脑癌、急性白血病、胃癌、非小细胞肺癌、胰腺癌或肾癌。
17.权利要求11的应用,其中所述药物用于治疗中风或改善其后遗症。
18.权利要求11的应用,其中所述药物用于治疗心衰或改善其后遗症。
19.权利要求11的应用,其中所述药物用于治疗异种移植排斥或减少其症状。
20.权利要求19的应用,其中所述移植为器官移植、四肢移植、细胞移植、皮肤移植或骨髓移植。
21.权利要求11的应用,其中所述药物用于治疗骨关节炎。
22.权利要求11的应用,其中所述药物用于治疗类风湿性关节炎。
23.权利要求11的应用,其中所述药物用于治疗病毒感染。
24.权利要求11的应用,其中所述药物用于治疗囊性纤维变性。
25.权利要求11的应用,其中所述药物用于治疗肝肿大。
26.权利要求11的应用,其中所述药物用于治疗心肥大。
27.权利要求11的应用,其中所述药物用于治疗阿耳茨海默氏病。
28.权利要求11的应用,其中所述药物用于治疗糖尿病并发症。
29.权利要求11的应用,其中所述药物用于治疗脓毒性休克。
30.权利要求11的应用,其中所述药物用于治疗哮喘。
31.权利要求11的应用,其中所述药物用于治疗癌症的方法中,所述方法包括(a)将所述药物对需要接受治疗的患者给药;和(b)施用选自放射疗法和化学疗法的疗法。
32.权利要求31的应用,其中所述化学疗法包含有丝分裂抑制剂。
33.权利要求32的应用,其中所述化学疗法包含有丝分裂抑制剂,选自紫杉醇、docetaxel、长春新碱、长春花碱、长春瑞滨和vinflunine。
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US11587399P | 1999-01-13 | 1999-01-13 | |
US60/115,873 | 1999-01-13 | ||
US12255399P | 1999-03-02 | 1999-03-02 | |
US60/122,553 | 1999-03-02 |
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CN1177830C true CN1177830C (zh) | 2004-12-01 |
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EP (1) | EP1144385B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP4621355B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20020002370A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1177830C (zh) |
AP (1) | AP2001002224A0 (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE302193T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2203700A (zh) |
BG (1) | BG105800A (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9916904A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2355470C (zh) |
CZ (1) | CZ20012498A3 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69926800T2 (zh) |
EA (1) | EA200100772A1 (zh) |
EE (1) | EE200100373A (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2247859T3 (zh) |
GE (1) | GEP20032922B (zh) |
HK (1) | HK1041697A1 (zh) |
HR (1) | HRP20010524A2 (zh) |
HU (1) | HUP0105113A3 (zh) |
ID (1) | ID30439A (zh) |
IL (1) | IL144214A0 (zh) |
IS (1) | IS5976A (zh) |
MA (1) | MA26771A1 (zh) |
NO (1) | NO20013452D0 (zh) |
NZ (1) | NZ513433A (zh) |
OA (1) | OA11746A (zh) |
SK (1) | SK9832001A3 (zh) |
TR (1) | TR200102030T2 (zh) |
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