CN117770070A - Method for recovering near-top community of degraded grasslands of black beach - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of grassland ecology, in particular to a method for recovering a near-top polar community of a grassland degraded in a black beach, which comprises the following steps of: and (3) preventing and controlling the pasture sealing, preventing and controlling the damage of rats, re-sowing the pine harrows, coating seeds, adjusting the soil function and adding moss crust. The invention can construct a near-top community by utilizing the competition relationship between ecological niches and species of different life-type pastures; the ecological function of moss crust can be utilized to increase the ecological complexity and diversity of the black beach degraded grassland; the stability and diversity of communities are improved, the proportion of excellent pasture is increased, the nutrient content and the digestibility of the pasture are improved, and the requirements of different types of pastures are met; the level of the near-top community of the black beach degraded grasslands is improved, the recovery of black beach plants and soil is promoted, and the sustainable community development is improved.

Description

A method for restoring the near-top pole community of degraded black soil beach grassland

Technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of grassland ecology, and in particular to a method for restoring the near-top pole community of degraded black soil beach grassland.

Background technique

Black soil beach is a serious degradation phenomenon of various grasslands and shrubs in alpine areas caused by the combined effects of natural factors or human factors. Its main characteristics are the destruction of the mat layer (thickness less than 1cm), exposed soil (bald patch area greater than 50%) or vegetation degradation (coverage less than 50%), showing different soil and vegetation types, mainly occurring on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. different geographical areas. The occurrence of black soil shoals has led to the gradual reduction of Gramineae, Cyperaceae and other plants, and the dominant species of the native vegetation community have gradually evolved into forbs. Vegetation coverage, productivity and pasture quality have gradually declined, and biodiversity has changed. At the same time, the nutrient content of the soil will be significantly reduced, and the soil will become increasingly poor, seriously threatening regional ecological security and the healthy development of grassland animal husbandry.

The restoration of degraded black soil beach grassland is an important part of the ecological protection and sustainable utilization of alpine grassland, and is also a key link in improving the service function of the alpine grassland ecosystem. Traditional black soil beach degraded grassland restoration measures rarely involve methods and approaches to construct near-climb communities. The main measures include grazing bans and closures, single artificial grassland construction and chemical fertilizer application. Although these measures can improve the vegetation and soil of degraded black soil beach grasslands to a certain extent, there are also some problems, such as long-term grazing bans, which are not conducive to the renewal and utilization of grassland resources and hinder the economic development of pastoral areas. At the same time, artificial grassland construction The plant community has a single structure and is prone to secondary degradation of the black soil beach. Extensive use of chemical fertilizers can cause soil pollution, which has resulted in poor stability of black soil beach management in the past and difficulty in consolidating the results of treatment, making it difficult to achieve long-term recovery and sustainable development of degraded black soil beach grassland.

Succession is a long process, and it is difficult to see a complete succession series in a person's lifetime. However, succession is not an endless and eternal process. Generally speaking, when a community or a succession series reaches a state of equilibrium with the environment, succession no longer proceeds. At this equilibrium point, the community structure is the most complex and stable. As long as it is not disturbed by external forces, it will always remain the same. The final equilibrium state reached by succession is called the climax community.

The reason for the emergence of climax communities is community succession. Community succession means that over time, some species in the community disappear, other species invade, and the environment and structure of the community develop and change in a certain direction in an orderly manner, which is community succession. The ultimate trend of community succession must be the climax community. Determining factors: In a certain natural geographical area, plant communities are mainly controlled by factors such as climate, soil, topography and animals, and many climax communities can be formed accordingly, such as climate climax. The stable plant community that develops in the habitat of the dominant domain and is most adapted to the local macroclimatic water and heat conditions is the climate climax.

Chinese patent application publication number: CN 114271061 A discloses a method for treating black soil beach, which includes leveling the land, applying base fertilizer, and then digging pits. One-year-old Rheum tanguticum seedlings and Elymus dahliae seeds are selected and transplanted after the soil thaws in spring every year. One seedling is planted in each pit. After the Rheum tanguticum is transplanted, Elymus dahliae seeds are sown in the middle of the row spacing of the Rheum tanguticum transplanting pit at a sowing rate of 3kg/mu. Finally, urea is applied twice in July and August respectively.

This method of controlling black soil shoal uses intercropping of Tangut rhubarb and Elymus truncatula to simulate the wild environment in which Tangut rhubarb is used as a companion species to form a stable community with the alpine grassland, allowing deep root systems to be matched with shallow root systems, creating a perfect match between broad-leaf plants and grasses. Intercropping of undergraduate plants increases community diversity. Through herb intercropping, vegetation coverage and above-ground biomass in the planting area are increased.

Although this method of managing black soil beach solves the problem of secondary degradation of black soil beach and achieves the purpose of preventing and controlling rodent pests, it cannot achieve the alpine grassland ecology to reach the near-climax community, cannot increase the ecological complexity of the degraded grassland of black soil beach, and thus improve the level of the near-climax community of the degraded grassland of black soil beach; and it does not increase the yield and quality of forage to increase the income of animal husbandry.

Chinese patent application publication number: CN 102577788 A discloses an ecological black soil beach artificial grassland planting method: (1) The selected grass species are all locally introduced and domesticated native grass species. According to the ecological and biological characteristics of the grass and the ecological niche of the species in the community The principle is to combine three kinds of grasses: Elymus edulis/Laymus sibirica/Tongde grasses, four kinds of grazing grasses: Elymus edulis/Latigrass/Stipa stipa/Solograss, and four kinds of grasses, Maibin grass/Qinghai Five grass species: Poa annua/Alpinia tongde/Stipa annua/Thoraea were mixed in different proportions.

This method for establishing ecological artificial grassland on black soil beaches adopts different management modes and management targets according to the types and degradation levels of degraded grasslands on black soil beaches, and clearly proposes suitable grass species and their combinations as well as establishment techniques for ecological artificial grasslands on black soil beaches. It is suitable for establishing ecological artificial grasslands on black soil beaches for the purpose of soil and water conservation, windbreak and sand fixation, and water conservation.

Although the ecological black soil beach artificial grassland construction method improves the utilization efficiency of environmental resources, the artificial vegetation is stable and has significant ecological benefits, the ecological black soil beach artificial grassland construction method is only applicable to the construction of ecological artificial grassland in all black soil beach degraded grasslands with a soil layer thickness of more than 15 cm. It is not applicable to different geographical regions and climatic conditions, and the black soil beach degraded grassland restoration technology does not have a wide application prospect, and cannot form the characteristics of a near-climax community.

Summary of the invention

In view of the above existing problems, the present invention aims to provide a method for restoring the sub-maximal community of degraded black soil beach grassland, which can effectively restore the vegetation and soil of the degraded black soil beach grassland, enable the alpine grassland ecology to reach the near-maximal community, and increase the black soil It can improve the ecological complexity of degraded beach grassland, improve the stability and diversity of communities, increase the yield and quality of pasture, increase the income of animal husbandry, and promote the sustainable use of alpine grassland.

The main idea of the technical solution adopted by the present invention: based on the "soil-grass-livestock-rat" feedback and nutritional cascade relationship, the comprehensive management model of "one control, two supplements and three adjustments" is adopted. One control: rodent prevention and control, Mainly through biological control methods, the second supplement: supplementing soil nutrients and reseeding native grass species, the third adjustment: adjusting grazing measures, adjusting soil microbial composition, and adjusting soil physical and chemical properties;

Utilize the ecological niches and interspecific competition relationships of different life forms of forage to build near-climacteric communities, improve the stability and diversity of the community, increase the proportion of high-quality forage, improve the nutritional composition and digestibility of forage, and meet the needs of different types of livestock. ;

Utilize the ecological function of moss crust to increase the ecological complexity and diversity of the degraded black soil beach grassland, improve the level of the near-top community of the black soil beach degraded grassland, promote the recovery of black soil beach plants and soil, and enhance the sustainability of community development.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

A method for restoring the near-top pole community of degraded black soil beach grassland, which is characterized by including the following steps:

(1) Grazing ban and breeding;

(2) Rodent control;

(3) Reseeding with pine rake;

In mid-to-late June, rake the bare ground surface, and then resow the seeds of Elymus maculata and Chinese fescue;

(4) Seed coating:

Use a coating agent to coat the seeds of Elymus maculata and Festuca sinensis;

(5) Adjustment of soil functions:

In early June, special fertilizers for pasture, functional microbial composite inoculants for soil, and single microbial inoculants for soil were used to continuously improve soil nutrient availability and microbial activity in degraded alpine meadows;

(6) Moss crust addition:

After overseeding, add varying amounts of moss crusts depending on soil moisture and vegetation cover.

Preferably, in the step (3), the ratio of the seeds of Elymus maculata and Festuca sinensis is 2:1, the seeding rate is 3g/㎡, and the seeding depth is 3cm.

Preferably, in the step (4), the coating formula is: sodium polyacrylate with a concentration of 6%, compound fertilizer with a concentration of 2.5%, microfertilizer with a concentration of 0.1%, and coating agent with a concentration of 5%. Microbial inoculant, gibberellin with a concentration of 1%, salicylic acid with a concentration of 1%, indole acetic acid with a concentration of 1% and carbon powder with a concentration of 5%.

Preferably, the micro-fertilizer is a water-soluble fertilizer containing trace elements of manganese, molybdenum, boron and zinc.

Preferably, the microbial inoculant for coating includes a single microbial inoculant for coating and a composite microbial inoculant for coating.

Preferably, the single microbial agent for coating is Bacillus mycoides, and the composite microbial agent for coating is Bacillus mycoides, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus pseudomonas mixed in a ratio of 1:1:1. .

Preferably, in the step (5), the application amount of special fertilizer for pasture is 7.5kg/mu, the application amount of composite microbial inoculant for soil is 30kg/acre, and the application amount of single microbial inoculant for soil is 40kg microbial inoculant. Agent diluent/mu.

Preferably, in step (6), when the soil moisture is less than 30% or the vegetation coverage is less than 50%, the amount of moss crust added is 1kg/㎡; when the soil moisture is greater than 30% and the vegetation coverage is greater than 50% When , the added amount of moss crust is 0.5kg/㎡.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are: compared with the prior art, the improvements of the present invention are:

(1) The present invention selects Elymus edulis and Fescue sinensis as the pasture seeds for resowing. These two pastures belong to the evergreen type and deciduous type of alpine grassland respectively. They have different growing seasons and ecological niches and can be combined with The native vegetation forms a good interspecific competition relationship and promotes the construction of the near-top community of degraded black soil shoal grassland. Elymus edulis and Fescue sinensis also have the characteristics of cold resistance, drought resistance, barrenness resistance, fast growth, and high nutrition. They can adapt to the harsh environment of degraded black soil beach grassland, improve the productivity and quality of the grassland, and increase the economic benefits and social benefits of the grassland. benefit.

(2) By adding moss crust, the present invention increases the organic matter and moisture of the soil, improves the physical and chemical properties and microbial characteristics of the soil, promotes the growth and reproduction of vegetation, enhances the erosion resistance of the soil, and reduces soil erosion. The ecological environment of the grassland is protected. Utilizing the ecological function of moss crust has increased the ecological complexity and diversity of the degraded black soil beach grassland, and improved the level of the near-top community of the black soil beach degraded grassland. Moss crust is an important part of alpine grassland. It has the functions of soil fixation, water retention, carbon sequestration, eutrophication, and stress resistance. It can provide a favorable habitat for the degraded black soil beach grassland, promote the colonization and spread of vegetation, and increase vegetation coverage. degree and diversity, improve the ecological functions and service functions of vegetation, and form the characteristics of near-climactic communities.

Description of drawings

FIG1 is a flowchart of the implementation of the near-climax community construction technology of the present invention;

FIG2 is a comparison diagram of productivity and high-quality forage for the restoration effect evaluation of the present invention;

Figure 3 is a comparison diagram of vegetation status and water conservation function in the restoration effect evaluation of the present invention;

FIG4 is a comparison diagram of microbial diversity and carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus contents for evaluation of the restoration effect of the present invention;

Figure 5 is a comparison chart of soil nutrients and pH values for the restoration effect evaluation of the present invention;

Figure 6 is a comparison diagram of the landscape of the near-top community area and the control area for the restoration effect evaluation of the present invention;

Figure 7 is a comparison diagram of the restoration effect of black soil beach caused by overgrazing according to the restoration effect evaluation of the present invention;

Figure 8 is a comparative diagram of the recovery effect of "rat-damaged" black soil beaches caused by a large-scale outbreak of pikas on the plateau according to the present invention's recovery effect evaluation.

Detailed ways

In order to enable those of ordinary skill in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention are further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples.

Example 1

Referring to FIG. 1 , the present invention provides a method for restoring a near-climax community of a degraded grassland on a black soil beach, comprising the following steps:

(1) Grazing ban and enclosure: In the initial 5-6 years of restoration of degraded alpine grassland, grazing is strictly prohibited and enclosure is implemented. After 5-6 years of grazing ban and enclosure, moderate grazing is carried out, and the grazing intensity does not exceed 2 sheep units/h㎡. Grazing ban and enclosure are basic measures for restoring degraded grassland in black soil beach. The purpose is to reduce the consumption and damage of grassland by livestock, protect the natural recovery capacity of grassland, and create favorable conditions for subsequent restoration measures. Moderate grazing is a maintenance measure for restoring degraded grassland in black soil beach. The purpose is to promote the growth and renewal of grassland, increase grassland productivity and quality, and improve the economic and social benefits of grassland.

(2) Rodent pest prevention and control: From February to March, in some high-density areas with rodent outbreaks, type D botulinum toxin was used to stir oats for primary prevention and control. In June, Eimeria bait was used to control rodent-infested areas. Carry out prevention and control to ensure the best rodent control effect. Rat prevention and control is an important measure to restore degraded grassland in black soil beaches. The purpose is to reduce the damage and consumption of grassland by rats, reduce the risk of rodent-borne diseases, and ensure the ecological security of grassland and the healthy development of animal husbandry. Type D botulinum toxin and Eimeria bait are effective methods for preventing and controlling plateau rodent pests. They are safe, efficient, and environmentally friendly. They can effectively kill plateau pikas, plateau zokors and other rodents and reduce rodent damage. occurrence and spread.

(3) Reseeding with pine rake: In mid-to-late June, carry out manual or mechanical pine rake on the bare surface, with a spacing of iron rake teeth of 4cm, and then resow the seeds of Elymus elymus and Festuca sinensis at a ratio of 2 ﹕1. The seeding rate is 3g/㎡ and the seeding depth is 3cm. Reseeding with pine rake is the core measure to restore the degraded grassland of black soil beach. The purpose is to improve the vegetation structure and function of degraded grassland of black soil beach, increase the species richness and proportion of high-quality pasture in the grassland, and improve the ecological stability and diversity of the grassland. Elymus edulis and Festuca sinensis are excellent native grass species in alpine grasslands. They are cold-resistant, drought-resistant, barren-resistant, fast-growing, and highly nutritious. They can adapt to the harsh environment of degraded black soil beach grasslands and form a good relationship with native vegetation. Interspecific competition relationships promote the construction of near-climb communities in degraded black soil shoal grasslands.

(4) Seed coating: Seeds of Elymus elymus and Festuca sinensis are coated. The coating agent formula is: sodium polyacrylate with a concentration of 6%, compound fertilizer with a concentration of 2.5%, and a compound fertilizer with a concentration of 0.1 % microfertilizer, 5% microbial inoculant for coating, 1% gibberellin, 1% salicylic acid, 1% indole acetic acid and 5% carbon pink.

Seed coating is an auxiliary measure to restore degraded grassland in black soil flats. The purpose is to improve the germination rate and survival rate of seeds, increase the stress and disease resistance of seeds, and promote the growth and reproduction of seeds. Compound fertilizers, micro-fertilizers, microbial inoculants, gibberellins, salicylic acid, indoleacetic acid and other substances can provide sufficient nutrients for seeds and protect them. Seed coating can effectively improve the germination rate and survival rate of seeds, reaching more than 80%, which is significantly higher than the germination rate and survival rate of uncoated seeds, reaching about 50%.

The microbial agents in the coating include single microbial agents for coating: Bacillus mycoides, and composite microbial agents for coating: Bacillus mycoides, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus pseudomonas according to 1:1:1. The proportion is mixed to form. The bacterial agent in the coating agent is used to coat the surface of seeds. Its main function is to improve the germination rate and survival rate of seeds, increase the stress and disease resistance of seeds, and promote the growth and reproduction of seeds.

(5) Soil function adjustment: In early June, special fertilizers for pasture, functional microbial composite inoculants for soil, and single microbial inoculants for soil were used to continuously improve soil nutrient availability and microbial activity in degraded alpine meadows, and to provide better conditions for degraded alpine meadows. Provide a good soil foundation for vegetation restoration and community structure improvement.

Special fertilizer for pasture is a pasture fertilizer that has been publicly used on the market. Compared with single nitrogen fertilizer (such as urea), phosphate fertilizer (such as diammonium phosphate), potash fertilizer and other ingredients, this fertilizer will have richer ingredients. It mainly includes phosphorus nitrate, potassium nitrate, superphosphate, special fillers, and some trace elements such as boron fertilizer and zinc fertilizer. It is a relatively rich compound fertilizer.

The functional microbial compound dosage for soil is mainly solid particles formed by the combination of Bacillus and Paenibacillus. The single microbial agent for soil is a bacterial solution formed by diluting the Bacillus microbial agent stock solution: water = 1:3. The bacterial agent here is directly applied to the soil, and its main function is to improve the fertility and activity of the soil, increase the organic matter and moisture of the soil, and improve the ecological balance and functional recovery of the soil.

The application rate of special fertilizer for pasture is 7.5kg/acre, the application rate of compound microbial inoculant for soil is 30kg/acre, the application rate of single microbial inoculant for soil is 40kg/acre, and the application rate of single microbial inoculant for soil is microbial inoculant. Diluent (10kg microbial agent stock solution + 30kg water)/acre. Soil function adjustment is a necessary measure to restore the degraded grassland of black soil beach. The purpose is to increase the organic matter and moisture of the soil, improve the physical and chemical properties and microbial characteristics of the soil, promote the growth and reproduction of vegetation, enhance the soil's anti-erosion ability, and reduce soil erosion. Protect the ecological environment of grassland. Special fertilizers for pasture, functional microbial compound inoculants and single microbial inoculants can provide the soil with sufficient nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, as well as beneficial microorganisms such as Bacillus mycoides, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas. Improve soil fertility and activity, increase soil organic matter content and water retention capacity, improve soil permeability and structure, reduce soil salinity and hardness, increase soil pH and buffering capacity, and promote soil ecological balance and Function restored.

(6) Moss crust addition: After reseeding, add different amounts of moss crust according to soil moisture and vegetation coverage. The source of moss crust is the native moss of alpine grassland. The amount of moss crust added is 0.5- 1kg/㎡, moss crust can be added by manual laying or spreading. When the soil moisture is less than 30% or the vegetation coverage is less than 50%, the amount of moss crust added is 1kg/㎡; when the soil moisture is greater than 30% and the vegetation coverage is greater than 50%, the amount of moss crust added is 0.5kg /㎡. The addition of moss crust is an innovative measure to restore the degraded grassland of black soil beach. The purpose is to utilize the ecological function of moss crust, increase the ecological complexity and diversity of degraded black soil beach grassland, and improve the level of the near-top community of degraded black soil beach grassland. . Moss crust is an important part of alpine grassland. It has the functions of soil fixation, water retention, carbon sequestration, eutrophication, and stress resistance. It can provide a favorable habitat for the degraded black soil beach grassland, promote the colonization and spread of vegetation, and increase vegetation coverage. degree and diversity, improve the ecological functions and service functions of vegetation, and form the characteristics of near-climactic communities.

Example 2

Please refer to Figures 2-8, on the degraded grassland of the black soil beach next to Qingzhuoluo Temple in Jiawangxi, Maqin County, Goluo Prefecture (34°25′03″E, 100°21′38″N, altitude 3791m) , the technical solution of the present invention is used for recovery management. The specific steps are as described in Example 1, and the recovery effect is as follows:

As shown in Figure 2, productivity and proportion of high-quality forage: grassland productivity level: forage yield increased by an average of 80%, proportion of high-quality forage: the proportion of grasses and sedges increased by an average of 48%, the proportion of dwarf kobresia and small kobresia increased by an average of 31%.

As shown in Figure 3, vegetation status and water conservation function: vegetation coverage: an average increase of 23%, average vegetation height: an average increase of 45%, water conservation function: 0-30cm soil water holding capacity increased by an average of 18%.

As shown in Figure 4, compared with the control area, the relative abundance of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota in the shallow soil (0-5cm) of the treatment area showed a decreasing trend, while the relative abundance of Mortierella and Glomeromycota increased. The soil microbial carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus contents increased significantly by 68.4%, 45.0%, and 81.2% respectively (P<0.05).

As shown in Figure 5, compared with the control area, there was no significant difference in soil pH values at 0-10, 10-20, and 20-30cm in the treatment area, and the soil organic carbon, total soil nitrogen, and total soil potassium contents showed an increasing trend, among which, The soil organic carbon and total nitrogen content in 0-10cm soil increased significantly by 31.3% and 13.0%.

As shown in Figure 6, it is an aerial photo of a large-scale demonstration application of nearly 1,000 acres of near-top communities. The dark striped area is the near-top community area, and the light-colored striped area is the control area.

As shown in Figure 7, the restoration effect of black soil beach caused by overgrazing has been significantly increased by nearly 40% through the application of near-top community technology. The proportion of high-quality pastures such as grasses and sedge plants has been significantly increased, and the ecological functions and livestock husbandry have been significantly improved. Industrial production functions have been greatly improved.

As shown in Figure 8, the "rodent-infested" black soil beach caused by a large-scale outbreak of plateau pikas can be controlled at a low level after the application of near-top community technology, the degree of rodent damage has been significantly reduced, and the vegetation coverage and the proportion of high-quality forage have reached near-top community levels.

The technical solution of the present invention is an innovative near-top community restoration technology of degraded black soil beach grassland. This technology can effectively restore the vegetation and soil of degraded black soil beach grassland, improve the stability and diversity of the community, and increase the yield and yield of pasture. quality, improve the income of animal husbandry, and promote the sustainable use of alpine grassland. The technical solution of the present invention has the advantages of simple operation, low cost, significant effect, strong adaptability, etc., is suitable for different geographical areas and climatic conditions, and is a black soil beach degraded grassland restoration technology with broad application prospects.

The technical solution of the present invention is based on an in-depth study of the ecological characteristics and restoration mechanism of degraded grasslands in black soil beaches. It comprehensively applies theories and methods from multiple disciplines such as ecology, agronomy, and microbiology, and adopts a synergistic approach of multiple measures to achieve the restoration of near-climax communities in degraded grasslands in black soil beaches.

The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. The method for recovering the near-top community of the degraded grasslands of the black soil beach is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

(1) Forbidden to graze and seal;

(2) Preventing and controlling the damage of mice;

(3) Re-sowing the pine harrows;

6, in middle and late days, raking the bare earth surface, and then sowing seeds of the elymus serrulatus and the festuca sinensis;

(4) Seed coating:

coating seeds of the elymus tenuifolia and the festuca arundinacea with a coating agent;

(5) And (3) soil function adjustment:

in the last ten days of 6 months, continuously improving the nutrient availability and microbial activity of the degraded alpine meadow soil by utilizing special fertilizer for pasture, functional microbial composite microbial agent for soil and single microbial agent for soil;

(6) Adding moss crust:

after the supplementary seeding, moss crust with different amounts is added according to the soil humidity and vegetation coverage.

2. The method for recovering a near-top community of a degraded grassland on a black beach according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the ratio of the seeds of the elymus sinicus to the seeds of the fescue is 2:1, the sowing amount is 3 g/square meter, and the sowing depth is 3cm.

3. The method for recovering a near-top community of a degraded grassland in a black beach according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the coating agent formula is as follows: sodium polyacrylate with concentration of 6%, compound fertilizer with concentration of 2.5%, micro-fertilizer with concentration of 0.1%, microbial agent for coating with concentration of 5%, gibberellin with concentration of 1%, salicylic acid with concentration of 1%, indoleacetic acid with concentration of 1% and carbon powder with concentration of 5%.

4. The method for recovering the near-top community of the black beach degraded grassland according to claim 3, wherein the trace fertilizer is a water-soluble fertilizer containing trace elements of manganese, molybdenum, boron and zinc.

5. A method for restoring the near-peak community of black beach degraded grasslands as claimed in claim 3, wherein the microbial agent for coating comprises a single microbial agent for coating and a composite microbial agent for coating.

6. The method for restoring the near-top community of the degraded grasslands on the black soil beach according to claim 5, wherein the single microbial agent for coating is bacillus mycoides, and the composite microbial agent for coating is formed by mixing bacillus mycoides, bacillus subtilis and bacillus pseudomonadus according to a ratio of 1:1:1.

7. The method for recovering the near-top community of the degraded grasslands on the black soil beach according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the application amount of the special fertilizer for the grasses is 7.5 kg/mu, the application amount of the composite microbial agent for the soil is 30 kg/mu, and the application amount of the single microbial agent for the soil is 40kg of microbial agent diluent/mu.

8. The method for recovering a near-top community of a degraded grassland in a black beach according to claim 1, wherein in the step (6), when the soil humidity is less than 30% or the vegetation coverage is less than 50%, the addition amount of moss crust is 1 kg/square meter; when the soil humidity is more than 30% and the vegetation coverage is more than 50%, the addition amount of moss crust is 0.5 kg/square meter.