CN103109617B - The reconstruction material on extreme degradation meadow, a kind of Alpine-arctic Pastoral and application thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses the reconstruction material on extreme degradation meadow, a kind of Alpine-arctic Pastoral, the formula of described reconstruction material is counted with every mu of operating weight: the Elymus nutans that degree of purity is greater than 95%, 2.5 kilograms; The siberian wildrye that degree of purity is greater than 95%, 1.5 kilograms; The cool-zone turfgrasses that degree of purity is greater than 95%, 1 kilogram; 500 kilograms, cattle and sheep muck; Superphosphate 20 kilograms; 20 kilograms, urea.Beneficial effect of the present invention is: extreme degradation Alpine Grasslands reconstruction material prescription provided by the invention is with method compared with other similar inventions, and tool has the following advantages: higher seed source input; Ensure that emerge continuity and protectiveness; Ensure that vegetation build up rear structure of community rationally, there is higher stability; Fertilizer is sufficient; Weeds can be controlled in a short time occur; Seed, fertilizer can be stable after broadcasting remain on soil; Twice urea fertilizer uses the nitrogenous fertilizer that ensure that and provide abundance at herb growing season.

Description

A reconstruction material for extremely degraded grassland in alpine pastoral areas and its application

technical field

The invention relates to the field of animal husbandry production, in particular to a reconstruction material for extremely degraded grassland in alpine pastoral areas and its application.

Background technique

The management and restoration of degraded grasslands has become an important task of production and ecological work in the alpine pastoral areas of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. There are two ways of thinking in the restoration of degraded grassland in alpine pastoral areas, one is to restore to the natural state; the other is to use artificial reconstruction to build artificial grassland. Of these two ideas, the first is adopted by most scientific researchers and local grassland management departments. The second type has also been promoted on a large scale in recent years, but due to the great controversy over the reconstruction materials, formulas, and methods, and the particularity of different regions, it is determined that it must be based on different ecological regions, environments, and climate conditions, as well as local conditions. It depends on the management level to decide whether the reconstruction is suitable. However, most of the extremely degraded grasslands on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau have lost their ability to recover naturally, and must be assisted by humans to restore them gradually. Through artificial reconstruction, water and soil are maintained, and site conditions for vegetation restoration are gradually formed. Therefore, in artificial reconstruction, the development of materials and methods is the most important task at present.

The extremely degraded alpine grassland on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is characterized by the disappearance of the turf layer, barren soil, serious soil erosion, and poor vegetation regeneration, and is accompanied by severe changes in soil freezing and thawing. Among the extremely degraded reconstruction materials and methods that have been developed so far, the biggest difference is the difference in the thickness of the soil layer, as well as the difference in water and heat conditions and the existence of weeds, which determine the material formula and specific operation methods. To ensure that the remodeled grassland can quickly reach more than 90% soil coverage, with the goal of restoring water and soil retention, and secondly, to achieve a higher pasture yield, these are the development goals of the extremely degraded grassland reconstruction technology. Therefore, a reasonable material formula and technical method are the keys to the success of the remodeled grassland.

At present, the area of extremely degraded grasslands in Tibet's alpine pastoral areas above 4,000 meters above sea level is increasing year by year, which brings great difficulties to the management of degraded grasslands in this area.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to address the defects in the above-mentioned prior art, according to the extremely degraded grassland management needs in the alpine pastoral areas of Tibet, combined with the actual characteristics of northern Tibet, and through practice verification, to provide a reconstruction material for extremely degraded grasslands in the alpine pastoral areas.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution provided by the present invention is: a reconstruction material for the extremely degraded grassland in the alpine pastoral area, the formula of the reconstruction material is calculated by the weight per mu: Elymus austrifolia with a purity greater than 95%, 2.5 kg; old awn wheat with a purity greater than 95%, 1.5 kg; bluegrass with a purity greater than 95%, 1 kg; 500 kg of cattle and sheep manure; 20 kg of superphosphate; 20 kg of urea.

Further, the above-mentioned reconstruction material for extremely degraded grassland in alpine pastoral areas, where the altitude of the alpine pastoral areas is greater than 4000 meters.

The second object of the present invention is to provide the application of a reconstruction material for extremely degraded grassland in alpine pastoral areas in the reconstruction of degraded grassland.

Further, the application of the reconstruction material of the above-mentioned extremely degraded grassland in the alpine pastoral area in the reconstruction of the degraded grassland, the reconstruction process includes the following steps:

1) Weigh the seeds and fertilizers except urea according to the above formula, and mix them separately to obtain seed mixed material and fertilizer mixed material;

2) On the extremely degraded grassland, use the plowing method to plow the soil by 20cm and expose to the sun for 6-8 days;

3) Apply the fertilizer mixture obtained in step 1) to the plowed soil in step 2), and grind the fertilized soil with a tractor;

4) Sow the seed mixture obtained in step 1) on the ground soil after step 3), use a manual hand seeder or supplementary seeding machine to sow, the sowing depth is less than 2cm, and then use an agricultural tractor to smooth the land after sowing ;

5) Use heavy objects to suppress the soil ground in step 4);

6) After emergence, apply urea fertilizer for the first time before the rainy season;

7) After planting, apply urea fertilizer for the second time;

8) Enclose with a net fence and prohibit grazing for at least 2 years.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: compared with other similar inventions, the extremely degraded alpine grassland reconstruction material formula and method provided by the present invention have the following advantages: (1) Higher seed source input ensures high-altitude conditions and severe weather conditions Among them, there is a high rate of seedling production, and there are enough supplementary sources for seedlings; (2) The combination of large-seeded and small-seeded species ensures the continuity and protection of seedlings, and fast-emerging plants provide protection for slow-emerging species; (3) The combination of top grass species and bottom grass species ensures a reasonable community structure and high stability after the vegetation is established; (4) Sufficient organic fertilizers provide carbon and nitrogen sources for soil microorganisms within 2 years Metabolism provides nutrients to plants, and fertilizers with a high C:N ratio can control the occurrence of weeds in a short period of time. In the method, two times of grinding ensure that the seeds and fertilizers are in a reasonable level and evenly distributed in the soil after input; (5) The implementation of the suppression technology provides conditions for the stable maintenance of seeds and fertilizers in the soil after sowing; (6) The use of urea fertilizer twice ensures sufficient N fertilizer supply during the pasture growing season.

Considering that our country currently attaches great importance to the ecological construction of the alpine pastoral areas of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and success must not fail, so a large number of seed resources have been introduced into the alpine pastoral areas. The source of these forage seeds will affect the local biodiversity. Therefore, the choice of forage seeds must be Qinghai-Tibet Native plants and organic fertilizers on the plateau must also be produced locally, and the cost of materials is less than 200 yuan per mu of land. According to the present invention, we have carried out specific implementation in northern Tibet. The characteristics of the moderately degraded grassland after restoration are shown in Table 1, and Table 1 shows the vegetation conditions of the two extremely degraded grasslands in Damxung and Amdo after reconstruction.

The above table 1 has fully illustrated that the present invention is aimed at the characteristics of the extremely degraded grassland above 4000 meters above sea level in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the soil layer is thin, the turf layer is very few, and the wind and sand are large, and the forage seedlings that can produce high density under the operation steps are provided. And higher vegetation coverage after planting, and can achieve vegetation establishment through a certain seedling overwintering rate, and maintain sufficient soil nutrient supply within 3-4 years, making the extremely degraded grassland become a high vegetation coverage after 3 years of grazing ban and higher productivity artificial grass.

Detailed ways

Example 1:

A rebuilding material for extremely degraded grassland in alpine pastoral areas. The formula of the rebuilding material is calculated by weight per mu: Elymus pachycarpa with a purity greater than 95%, 2.5 kg; old awn wheat with a purity greater than 95%, 1.5 kg Bluegrass bluegrass with a purity greater than 95%, 1 kg; cattle and sheep manure 500 kg; superphosphate 20 kg; urea 20 kg;

A method for using reconstruction materials for extremely degraded grasslands in alpine pastoral areas in the reconstruction of degraded grasslands. The reconstruction process includes the following steps:

1) Weigh the seeds and fertilizers except urea according to the above formula, and mix them separately to obtain seed mixed material and fertilizer mixed material;

2) On the extremely degraded grassland, use the plowing method to plow the soil by 20cm and expose to the sun for 6-8 days;

3) Apply the fertilizer mixture obtained in step 1) to the plowed soil in step 2), and grind the fertilized soil with a tractor;

4) Sow the seed mixture obtained in step 1) on the ground soil after step 3), use a manual hand seeder or supplementary seeding machine to sow, the sowing depth is less than 2cm, and then use an agricultural tractor to smooth the land after sowing ;

5) Use heavy objects to suppress the soil ground in step 4);

6) After emergence, apply urea fertilizer for the first time before the rainy season;

7) After planting, apply urea fertilizer for the second time;

8) Enclose with a net fence and prohibit grazing for at least 2 years.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, it still The technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments may be modified, or some technical features thereof may be equivalently replaced. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. A rebuilding material for extremely degraded grassland in alpine pastoral areas, characterized in that, the formula of the rebuilding material is based on the use weight per mu: Elymus chinensis with a purity greater than 95%, 2.5 kg; purity greater than 95% % old awn wheat, 1.5 kg; bluegrass bluegrass with a purity greater than 95%, 1 kg; 500 kg of cattle and sheep manure; 20 kg of superphosphate; 20 kg of urea; 2. The application of a reconstruction material for extremely degraded grassland in alpine pastoral areas in the reconstruction of degraded grassland, characterized in that the reconstruction process includes the following steps: 1) Weigh the seeds and the fertilizers except urea according to the formula amount described in claim 1, and mix them respectively to obtain the seed mixed material and the fertilizer mixed material; 2) On the extremely degraded grassland, use the plowing method to plow the soil by 20cm and expose to the sun for 6-8 days; 3) Apply the fertilizer mixture obtained in step 1) to the plowed soil in step 2), and grind the fertilized soil with a tractor; 4) Sow the seed mixture obtained in step 1) on the ground soil after step 3), use a manual hand seeder or supplementary seeding machine to sow, the sowing depth is less than 2cm, and then use an agricultural tractor to smooth the land after sowing ; 5) Use heavy objects to suppress the soil ground in step 4); 6) After emergence, apply urea fertilizer for the first time before the rainy season; 7) After planting, apply urea fertilizer for the second time; 8) Enclose with a net fence and prohibit grazing for at least 2 years.