CN117769416A - Bak激活剂、药物组合物和在治疗癌症中的用途 - Google Patents
Bak激活剂、药物组合物和在治疗癌症中的用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN117769416A CN117769416A CN202280044780.2A CN202280044780A CN117769416A CN 117769416 A CN117769416 A CN 117769416A CN 202280044780 A CN202280044780 A CN 202280044780A CN 117769416 A CN117769416 A CN 117769416A
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- bak
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Abstract
本公开涉及Bak激活剂、药物组合物以及在治疗癌症中的用途。在某些实施方案中,本公开涉及治疗癌症的方法,包括向需要的人类受试者施用有效量的如本文所公开的Bak激活剂。在某些实施方案中,本公开涉及包含Bak激活剂和药学上可接受的赋形剂的药物组合物,所述Bak激活剂为1‑((2‑((2‑甲氧基吖啶‑9‑基)氨基)乙基)氨基)丙‑2‑醇(BKA‑073)、其衍生物、酯或盐。
Description
交叉引用
本申请请求2021年7月21日提交的序列号为63/224112的美国临时申请的权益。出于所有目的,此申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文。
关于联邦政府资助研究或开发的声明
本发明是在美国国立卫生研究院授予的CA200905的政府支持下完成的。政府对这项发明拥有某些权利。
背景技术
肺癌通常被分类为非小细胞肺癌或小细胞肺癌。非小细胞肺癌占肺癌的绝大多数。晚期小细胞肺癌和非小细胞肺癌癌症的护理标准包括放射和化疗。肺癌是一个全球性的健康问题。例如,在美国,死于肺癌的患者比死于前列腺癌、乳腺癌和结肠癌的患者加起来还要多。因此,有必要找到改进的治疗方法。
Iyer等人报道了BAK而非BAX对细胞凋亡的强大自激活,强调BAK是一个重要的治疗靶点。Cell Death and Disease,2020,11:268。
Kalirajan等人报道了恶嗪取代的9-苯胺基吖啶(9-anilinoacridine)衍生物及其抗氧化和抗癌活性的评价。European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry,2012,56217-224。
Gellerman等人报道了9-氨基吖啶衍生物作为癌症治疗的潜在候选物。WO 2011/0519550。
Park等人报道了小分子Bak激活剂用于癌症治疗的发现。Theranostics,2021,11(17):8500-8516。
本文对参考文献的引用不是对现有技术的承认。
发明内容
本公开涉及Bak的激活剂、药物组合物以及在治疗癌症中的用途。在某些实施方案中,本公开涉及治疗癌症的方法,包括施用有效量的Bak激活剂,其为1-((2-((2-甲氧基吖啶-9-基)氨基)乙基)氨基)丙-2-醇(BKA-073)、其衍生物、前药、酯或盐。在某些实施方案中,本公开涉及治疗癌症的方法,包括将有效量的如本文所公开的Bak激活剂施用于有需要的人类受试者,任选地与其他化疗剂或治疗方法组合施用。
在某些实施方案中,所述受试者是人类患者。
在某些实施方案中,所述癌症是转移性癌、实体癌或血液癌。在某些实施方案中,所述受试者被诊断患有肺癌、小细胞肺癌或非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)。在某些实施方案中,所述受试者被诊断患有选自乳腺癌、结肠癌、淋巴瘤、多发性骨髓瘤、胰腺癌(PANC-1)和骨肉瘤的癌症。
在某些实施方案中,本文公开的Bak激活剂与另外的化疗剂联合给药。在某些实施方案中,所述化疗剂是Bcl-2抑制剂,例如维奈妥拉(venetoclax)、navitoclax、奥巴克拉(obatoclax)或sabutoclax。在某些实施方案中,所述化疗剂为顺铂、卡铂、紫杉醇、白蛋白结合型紫杉醇、多西他赛、吉西他滨、长春瑞滨、依托泊苷、培美曲塞或其组合。
在某些实施方案中,所述化疗剂是顺铂或卡铂加依托泊苷、紫杉醇、或吉西他滨与长春瑞滨的组合。
在某些实施方案中,本公开涉及诊断和治疗患有癌症的受试者的方法,包括测量来自受试者样品的Bak水平;将测量的Bak水平与参考值或正常值进行比较;其中,如果所测量的水平高于所述参考值或正常值,则向所述受试者施用有效量的Bak激活剂、替代的化疗治疗、联合化疗治疗或积极的化疗治疗。
在某些实施方案中,所述受试者被诊断为患有引起KRAS突变的癌症,例如KRAS(G12C、G12D和G12R)。
在某些实施方案中,本公开涉及制备用于治疗癌症的、包含如本文所公开的Bak激活剂的药物,所述Bak激活剂如1-((2-((2-甲氧基吖啶-9-基)氨基)乙基)氨基)丙-2-醇、其衍生物、酯、前药或盐。
在某些实施方案中,本公开涉及药物组合物,包含本文所公开的Bak激活剂或其药学上可接受的盐和药学上可接受的赋形剂。在某些实施方案中,所述药物是药丸、胶囊或片剂的形式。在某些实施方案中,所述药物组合物是等渗或非等渗pH缓冲水溶液的形式。
附图说明
图1A示出了化学名称为1-((2-((2-甲氧基吖啶-9-基)氨基)乙基)氨基)丙-2-醇的Bak激活剂-073(BKA-073)的化学结构。
图1B示出了表明BKA-073是靶向Bak BH3结构域并诱导癌症细胞中线粒体启动和凋亡的化合物的数据。通过蛋白质印迹分析Bak在NSCLC和SCLC细胞系中的表达水平。用BKA-073(1μM)处理一组NSCLC和SCLC细胞系16小时或72小时,然后分析动态BH3谱或凋亡细胞死亡。
图1C示出了表明BKA-073诱导线粒体启动和细胞凋亡的数据。通过蛋白质印迹分析Bak在各种类型的癌症细胞系中的表达水平。癌症细胞系用BKA-073(1M)处理16小时或72小时,然后分析动态BH3谱或凋亡细胞死亡。
图2A-2B示出了表明BKA-073特异性结合Bak诱导Bak低聚化的数据。
图2A示出了为测量抑制常数(Ki)而进行的荧光偏振测定的数据。使用了纯化的Bak蛋白或其他Bcl2家族成员、BKA-073和荧光标记的Bak BH3肽。
图2B示出了BKA-073与WT Bak或ΔBH3-Bak缺失突变蛋白的结合亲和力的数据,该数据通过等温滴定量热法分析进行了检查。结合常数(KD)值通过将滴定曲线拟合为1-位点结合模式来确定。
图3示出了表明BKA-073在体内以剂量依赖性方式有效抑制肺癌生长的数据。用递增剂量的BKA-073(5-15mg/kg/d)腹腔注射治疗携带A549肺癌异种移植物的Nu/Nu小鼠28天。每2天测量一次肿瘤体积。处理后,处死小鼠,切除肿瘤并进行分析。
图4示出了表明BKA-073在异种移植物和PDX模型中抑制SCLC的数据。Nu/Nu小鼠携带来源于SCLC细胞系DMS114或SCLC患者(TKO-2或TKO-5)的异种移植物,并用BKA-073(15mg/kg/d)腹腔注射治疗14或28天。每2天测量一次肿瘤体积。处理后,处死小鼠,切除肿瘤并进行分析。
图5示出了表明BKA-073在基因工程小鼠模型(GEMM)中抑制延长生存期的数据。在KRAS G12D LKB1fl/fl(KL)小鼠中施用腺病毒Cre重组酶6周后,用KRA-073(15mg/kg/d)腹腔注射治疗KL小鼠48天(n=6只小鼠/组)。与BKA-073处理组相比,对照组小鼠在安乐死前存活长达48天。
图6示出了表明BKA-073与Bcl-2抑制剂ABT-199(维奈妥拉)在体外和体内抗SCLC和NSCLC协同作用的数据。携带SCLC DMS53异种移植物或NSCLC H460异种移植物的Nu/Nu小鼠用BKA-073(10mg/kg/d)腹腔注射、ABT-199(60mg/kg/d)口服或联合治疗28天。每2天测量一次肿瘤体积。治疗后,处死小鼠,切除肿瘤并进行分析。
图7示出了表明高水平Bak表达与NSCLC患者的不良预后有关的数据。NSCLC患者的Kaplan-Meier生存曲线,n=208。
具体实施方式
在更详细地描述本公开之前,应当理解,本公开不限于所描述的实施方案,并且因此当然可以变化。还应理解,本文中使用的术语仅用于描述特定实施方案的目的,而不旨在限制。
除非另有定义,本文中使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本公开所属领域的普通技术人员通常理解相同的含义。尽管在本公开的实践或试验中也可以使用与本文所述方法和材料相似或等同的任何方法和材料,优选的方法和材料如现在所述。
本说明书中引用的所有出版物和专利通过引用并入本文,就好像每个单独的出版物或专利被具体地和单独地指示通过引用并入并通过引用并入本文,以公开和描述与引用的出版物相关的方法和/或材料。对任何出版物的引用都是为了其在申请日期之前的公开,不应被解释为承认本公开由于在先公开而无权先于该出版物。此外,所提供的出版日期可能与实际出版日期不同,这可能需要独立确认。
“实施方案”指的是一个示例,并不一定局限于此示例。除非另有说明,否则本公开的实施方案将采用本领域技术范围内的医学、有机化学、生物化学、分子生物学、药理学等技术。这些技术在文献中进行了充分解释。
如本领域技术人员在阅读本公开后将显而易见的,在不脱离本公开的范围或精神的情况下,本文所描述和说明的各个实施方案中的每一个都具有离散的组件和特征,这些组件和特征可以容易地与其他几个实施方案中任何一个的特征分离或组合。任何列举的方法都可以按照列举的事件的顺序或逻辑上可能的任何其他顺序来执行。
就本文报道的任何包含一个或多个手性中心的化学式而言,所述化学式旨在涵盖所有稳定的立体异构体、对映异构体和非对映异构体。还应当理解,化学式包括所有的互变异构形式。
必须注意的是,除非上下文另有明确规定,在说明书和所附权利要求中所用的单数形式“一个(a)”、“一个(an)”和“所述(the)”包括复数引用。在本说明书和随后的权利要求书中,将参考许多术语,除非有明显的相反意图,这些术语应被定义为具有以下含义。
“Bak”,也称为“Bcl-2同源拮抗剂/杀伤剂”,是一种含有BH3结构域的成孔促凋亡蛋白;因此被归类为BCL-2家族蛋白。BCL2家族成员形成寡聚体或异二聚体,并作为各种细胞活性的调节因子。据报道,Bak激活线粒体内的细胞凋亡。人[智人]Bcl-2同源拮抗剂/杀伤剂记为NCBI参考序列:NP_001179.1。
如本文所用,“受试者”是指任何动物,最好是人类患者、牲畜或家养宠物。
如本文所用,所述术语“治疗(treat)”和“治疗(treating)”不限于受试者(例如,人类患者)治愈并根除疾病的情况。相反,本公开的实施方案还考虑仅减轻症状和/或延缓疾病进展的治疗。
如本文所用,当术语“与……联合”用于描述与额外治疗一起施用时,是指药剂可以在额外治疗之前、一起或之后施用,或指其组合。
如本文所用,“盐”是指所公开的化合物的衍生物,其中母体化合物被修饰以制备其酸盐或碱盐。盐的实例包括但不限于碱性残基的无机酸盐或有机酸盐,所述碱性残基例如胺、烷基胺或二烷基胺;酸性残基(如羧酸)的碱性盐或有机盐;等等。在某些实施方案中,所述盐是常规无毒的药学上可接受的盐,包括形成的母体化合物的季铵盐,以及无毒的无机或有机酸。
如本文所用,所述术语“衍生物”是指结构相似的化合物,其保留所鉴定类似物的足够的功能属性。所述衍生物可以在结构上相似,因为它缺乏一个或多个原子、被取代、是盐、处于不同水合/氧化状态;或者因为分子内的一个或多个原子被交换,例如但不限于用硫原子取代氧原子,或者用羟基取代氨基。所述衍生物可以是前药。衍生物可以通过合成或有机化学教科书中介绍的任何种类的合成方法或适当的调整来制备,例如在March的Advanced Organic Chemistry:Reactions,Mechanisms,and Structure,Wiley,6thEdition(2007)Michael B.Smith or Domino Reactions in Organic Synthesis,Wiley(2006)Lutz F.Tietze中提供的方法,通过引用并入本文。
所述术语“取代的”是指其中至少一个氢原子被取代基取代的分子。当被取代时,一个或多个基团是“取代基”。分子可以被多次取代。在氧代取代基(“=O”)的情况下,两个氢原子被取代。在此上下文中的实例取代基可包括卤素、羟基、烷基、烷氧基、硝基、氰基、氧代、碳环基、碳环烷基、杂碳环基、杂碳环烷基、芳基、芳烷基、杂芳基、杂芳烷基、-NRaRb、-NRaC(=O)Rb、-NRaC(=O)NRaNRb、-NRaC(=O)ORb、-NRaSO2Rb、-C(=O)Ra、-C(=O)ORa、-C(=O)NRaRb、-OC(=O)NRaRb、-ORa、-SRa、-SORa、-S(=O)2Ra、-OS(=O)2Ra和-S(=O)2ORa。在本文中,Ra和Rb可以相同或不同,并且独立地为氢、卤素羟基、烷基、烷氧基、烷基、氨基、烷氨基、二烷氨基、碳环基、碳环烷基、杂碳环基、杂碳环烷基、芳基、芳烷基、杂芳基或杂芳烷基。
如本文所用,所述术语“前药”是指在施用后被代谢(即在体内转化)为药理学活性药物的化合物。实例包括羟基或羧基的烷氧基酯,例如乙酸酯、苯甲酸酯、烷基醚、氨基酸酯、乙醇酸酯、苹果酸酯、酰氧基烷基酯、烷氧基羰基氧基烷基酯、S-酰基硫代烷基酯、羟胺酰胺、膦酰基甲氧基醚、磷酸酯、磷酰胺及其组合。
与母体药物相比,前药在药物组合物中的溶解度也可以提高。前药可以通过各种机制转化为母体药物,所述机制包括酶促过程和代谢水解。典型的前药是药学上可接受的酯。前药包括化合物,其中当将活性化合物的前药施用于受试者时,羟基、氨基或巯基与任何裂解形成游离羟基、游离氨基或游离巯基的基团结合。
如果所公开的化合物或所述化合物的药学上可接受的形式包含醇官能团,则前药可以通过用诸如(C1-C6)(烷酰氧基)甲基、1-((C1-C6-)烷酰氧)乙基、1-甲基-1(烷酰氧基)乙基、(C1-C6)(烷氧基羰基氧基)甲基、N-(C1-C6)烷氧羰基氨甲基、琥珀酰基、(C1-C6)烷酰基、α-氨基(C1-C4)烷酰基、芳酰基和α-氨酰基、或α-氨基酰-α-氨酰基,其中每个α-氨酰基独立地选自天然存在的L-氨基酸-P(O)(OH)2、-P(O)(O(C1-C6)烷基)2、和糖基(碳水化合物的半缩醛形式的羟基被去除后产生的自由基)。
如果所公开的化合物或该化合物的药学上可接受的形式包含胺官能团,则前药可通过用如R-羰基、RO羰基、NRR’-羰基的基团取代胺基团中的氢原子而形成,其中R和R’各自独立地为(C1-C10)烷基、(C3-C7)环烷基、苄基、天然α-氨基酰基、-C(OH)C(O)OY1(其中Y1为H、(C1-C6)烷基或苄基)、-C(OY2)Y3(其中Y2为(C1-C4)烷基,Y3为(C1-C6)烷基、羧基(C1-C6)烷基、氨基(C1-C4)烷基或单-N-(C1-C6)烷氨基或双-N,N-(C1-C6)烷氨基烷基)、-C(Y4)Y5(其中Y4为H或甲基,Y5为单-N-(C1-C6)烷氨基或双-N,N-(C1-C6)烷氨基、吗啉、哌啶-1-基或吡咯烷-1-基)。
如本文所用,“烷基”是指非环直链或支链、不饱和或饱和的烃,例如含有1-25个碳原子的烃。例如,“C8-C18”是指含有8-18个碳原子的烷基。同样,“C6-C22”是指含有6至22个碳原子的烷基。代表性的饱和直链烷基包括甲基、乙基、正丙基、正丁基、正戊基、正己基、正庚基、正辛基、正壬基等;而饱和支链烷基包括异丙基、仲丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、异戊基等。不饱和烷基在相邻的碳原子之间含有至少一个双键或三键(分别称为“烯基”或“炔基”)。代表性的直链和支链烯基包括乙烯基、丙烯基、1-丁烯基、2-丁烯基、异丁烯基、1-戊烯基、2-戊烯基,3-甲基-1-丁烯基、2-甲基-2-丁烯基、2,3-二甲基-2-丁烯基等;而代表性的直链和支链炔基包括乙炔基、丙炔基、1-丁炔基、2-丁炔基、1-戊炔基、2-戊炔基、3-甲基-1-丁炔基等。
非芳香性的单环或多环烷基在本文中称为“碳环”或“碳环基”基团。代表性的饱和碳环包括环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基等;而不饱和碳环包括环戊烯基和环己烯基等。
“杂碳环”或“杂碳环基”是指含有1-4个独立选自氮、氧和硫的杂原子的碳环,可能是饱和的或不饱和的(但不具有芳香性),单环或多环,并且其中氮和硫杂原子可以任选地被氧化,并且氮杂原子可以选择性地季铵化。杂碳环包括吗啉基、吡咯烷酮基、吡咯烷基、哌啶基、乙内酰脲基、戊内酰胺基、环氧乙烷基、氧杂环丁烷基、四氢呋喃基、四氢吡喃基、四氢吡啶基、四氢嘧啶基、四氢噻吩基、四氢噻喃基等。
术语“芳基”是指含芳族单环、双环或三环的基团,优选具有6-12个成员,如苯基、萘基和联苯基。苯基是优选的芳基。
如本文所用,“杂芳基”或“杂芳族”是指具有1-4个选自氮、氧和硫的杂原子并含有至少1个碳原子的芳族杂碳环,包括单环和多环系统。多环系统可以但不要求包含一个或多个非芳香环,只要其中一个环是芳香环即可。代表性的杂芳基是呋喃基、苯并呋喃基、噻吩基、苯并噻吩基、吡咯基、吲哚基、异吲哚基、氮杂吲哚基、吡啶基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、恶唑基、异恶唑基、苯并恶唑基、吡唑基、咪唑基、苯并咪唑基、噻唑基、苯并噻唑基、异噻唑基、哒嗪基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、三嗪基、噌啉基、酞嗪基和喹唑啉基。可以设想,所用术语“杂芳基”包括N-烷基化衍生物,例如1-甲基咪唑-5-基取代基。
如本文所用,“杂环”或“杂环基”是指具有1-4个选自氮、氧和硫的杂原子并含有至少1个碳原子的单环和多环系统。所述单环和多环系统可以是芳香环、非芳香环或芳香环和非芳香环的混合物。杂环包括杂碳环、杂芳基等。
“烷氧基”是指如上定义的烷基,其具有通过氧桥连接的指定数量的碳原子。烷氧基的实例包括,但不限于,甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、异丙氧基、正丁氧基、s-丁氧基,叔丁氧基、正戊氧基和s-戊氧基。优选的烷氧基是甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、异丙氧基、正丁氧基、s-丁氧基、叔丁氧基。
“烷氧烷基”是指如上定义的烷基,其具有通过烷基桥连接的指定数量的碳原子(即-CH2-O-CH2CH3)。
“烷氨基”是指如上定义的烷基,其具有通过氨基桥连接的指定数量的碳原子。烷基氨基的实例是甲氨基(即-NH-CH3)。
“烷硫基”是指如上定义的烷基,其具有通过硫桥连接的指定数量的碳原子。烷硫基的一个实例是甲硫基(即-S-CH3)。
“烷酰基”是指如上定义的烷基,其具有通过羰基桥(即-(C=O)烷基)连接的指定数量的碳原子。
术语“环烷基”和“环烯基”是指具有3至15个碳原子的单、双或三同素环基团,它们分别是完全饱和和部分不饱和的。
“烷基磺酰基”是指如上定义的烷基,其具有通过磺酰基桥(即-S(=O)2烷基)连接的指定数量的碳原子,如甲磺酰基等,“芳基磺酰基”指通过磺酰基桥连接的芳基(即-NHS(=O)2芳基)。
“烷基氨磺酰基”是指如上定义的烷基,其具有通过氨磺酰基桥(即-NHS(=O)2烷基)连接的指定数量的碳原子,而“芳基氨磺酰基“是指通过氨磺酰基桥连接的烷基(即(即-NHS(=O)2芳基)。
“烷基亚磺酰基”是指如上定义的烷基,其具有通过亚磺酰基桥(即-S(=O)烷基)连接的指定数量的碳原子。
所述术语“卤素(halogen)”和“卤素(halo)”是指氟、氯、溴和碘。
在某些实施方案中,本公开涉及如本文所公开的在制备用于治疗癌症的药物中的化合物或组合物。“癌症”是指以具有细胞增殖为特征的各种恶性肿瘤的细胞疾病。这并不是说患病细胞必须真正侵入周围组织并扩散到新的身体部位。癌症可以涉及身体的任何组织,在身体的每个区域都有许多不同的形式。在某些实施方案的背景下,可以通过本领域技术人员已知的多种诊断方式来鉴定“癌症是否减少”,包括但不限于观察肿瘤块的大小或数量的减少,或是否观察到癌症细胞的凋亡增加,例如,是否观察到样本化合物与不含化合物的对照相比癌症细胞凋亡增加5%以上。也可以通过相关生物标志物或基因表达谱(例如前列腺癌的PSA、乳腺癌的HER2或其他)的变化来鉴定。
在本公开的上下文中待治疗的癌症可以是任何类型的癌症或肿瘤,例如肺癌、非小细胞肺癌癌症和NSCLC亚型,例如腺癌、鳞状细胞癌、大细胞癌和小细胞肺癌。考虑的是位于结肠、腹部、骨骼、乳房、消化系统、肝脏、胰腺、腹膜、内分泌腺(肾上腺、甲状旁腺、垂体、睾丸、卵巢、胸腺、甲状腺)、眼睛、头部和颈部、神经系统(中枢和外周)、淋巴系统、骨盆、皮肤、软组织、脾脏、胸部和生殖泌尿系统的恶性肿瘤,更具体地,肾上腺皮质癌、艾滋病相关淋巴瘤、艾滋病相关恶性肿瘤、肛门癌、星形细胞瘤、胆道癌、膀胱癌、骨癌、脑干胶质瘤、脑肿瘤、乳腺癌、肾盂和输尿管癌、原发性中枢神经系统小脑星形细胞瘤、脑星形细胞瘤、宫颈癌、慢性淋巴细胞白血病、慢性髓细胞白血病、结肠癌、皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤、内分泌胰岛细胞癌、子宫内膜癌、室管膜瘤、上皮癌、食道癌、尤文氏肉瘤和相关肿瘤、外分泌性胰腺癌、颅外生殖细胞瘤、性腺外生殖细胞瘤、肝外胆道癌、眼癌、戈谢病、胆囊癌、胃癌、胃肠道类癌、胃肠道肿瘤、生殖细胞肿瘤、妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤、头颈部癌、肝细胞癌、高丙种球蛋白血症、下咽癌、霍奇金病、肠癌、眼内黑色素瘤、胰岛细胞癌、胰岛细胞胰腺癌、卡波西肉瘤、喉癌、唇癌和口腔癌、巨球蛋白血症、恶性间皮瘤、恶性胸腺瘤、髓母细胞瘤、黑色素瘤、间皮瘤、隐匿性原发转移性癌症鳞状颈癌、原发转移性鳞状颈癌、转移性鳞状颈癌、多发性骨髓瘤、多发性骨髓瘤/浆细胞瘤、骨髓增生异常综合征、骨髓性白血病、髓样白血病、骨髓增生性疾病、副鼻窦和鼻腔癌、鼻咽癌、神经母细胞瘤、非霍奇金淋巴瘤、非黑色素瘤皮肤癌、非小细胞肺癌、具有隐匿原发性的转移性鳞状颈癌、颊咽癌、恶性纤维组织细胞瘤、骨恶性纤维性骨肉瘤/组织细胞瘤、上皮性卵巢癌、卵巢生殖细胞瘤、卵巢低恶性潜能肿瘤、胰腺癌、副蛋白血症、紫癜、甲状旁腺癌、阴茎癌、垂体肿瘤、浆细胞瘤/多发性骨髓瘤、原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤、原发性肝癌、前列腺癌、直肠癌症、肾细胞癌症、肾盂和输尿管癌、视网膜母细胞瘤、横纹肌肉瘤、唾液腺癌、结节病、肉瘤、皮肤癌、小细胞肺癌、小肠癌、软组织肉瘤、鳞状颈癌、胃癌、松果体和幕上原始神经外胚层肿瘤、T细胞淋巴瘤、睾丸癌、胸腺瘤、甲状腺癌、肾盂和输尿管移行细胞癌、移行性肾盂和输尿管癌、滋养层肿瘤、肾盂和输尿管细胞癌、尿道癌、子宫癌、子宫肉瘤、阴道癌、视路和下丘脑神经胶质瘤、外阴癌、华氏(Waldenstrom)巨球蛋白血症、Wilms肿瘤和任何其他过度增殖性疾病,以及位于前述器官系统中的肿瘤形成。
在某些实施方案中,本文公开的化合物可以与额外的抗癌剂联合施用。“化疗剂”、“化疗药(chemotheapeutic)”、“抗癌剂”等是指被认为有助于治疗癌症的分子。所考虑的实例包括以下分子或衍生物,例如阿贝西利、乙酸阿比特龙、甲氨蝶呤、紫杉醇、阿霉素(adriamycin)、阿卡替尼、维布妥昔单抗、恩美曲妥珠单抗、阿柏西普、阿法替尼、奈妥匹坦、帕洛诺司琼、咪喹莫特、阿地白介素、阿来替尼、阿仑单抗、培美曲塞二钠、库潘尼西、马法兰、布吉他滨、苯丁酸氮芥、氨磷汀、氨基乙酰丙酸、阿那曲唑、阿帕鲁胺、阿瑞匹坦、帕米膦酸二钠、依西美坦、奈拉滨、三氧化二砷、奥法木单抗、阿特珠单抗、贝伐单抗、阿维鲁单抗、阿基仑赛、阿西替尼、阿扎胞苷、卡莫司汀、贝利司他、苯达莫司汀、奥英妥珠单抗、贝伐单抗、蓓萨罗丁、比卡鲁胺、博来霉素、博纳吐单抗、硼替佐米、博舒替尼、维布妥昔单抗、布吉他滨、白消安、伊立替康、卡培他滨(capecitabine)、氟尿嘧啶、卡铂、卡非佐米、色瑞替尼、柔红霉素、西妥昔单抗、顺铂、克拉屈滨、环磷酰胺、氯法拉滨、考比替尼、苹果酸卡博替尼、放线菌素D、克唑替尼、异环磷酰胺、雷莫芦单抗、阿糖胞苷、达拉非尼、达卡巴嗪(dacarbazine)、地西他滨、达雷妥尤单抗、达沙替尼、去纤苷、地加瑞克、地尼白介素(denileukin diftitox)、地诺单抗、地塞米松、右雷佐生(dexrazoxane)、地努图希单抗、多西他赛、多柔比星(doxorubicin)、德瓦鲁单抗(durvalumab)、拉布立酶、表阿霉素、埃罗妥珠单抗(elotuzumab)、奥沙利铂、艾曲波帕(eltrombopag olamine)、恩西地平、恩杂鲁胺、艾立布林(eribulin)、维莫德吉、厄洛替尼(erlotinib)、依托泊苷、依维莫司、雷洛昔芬、托瑞米芬、帕比司他、氟维司群、来曲唑、非格司亭、氟达拉滨、氟他胺、普拉曲沙、奥滨尤妥珠单抗(obinutuzumab)、吉非替尼、吉西他滨、吉妥单抗(gemtuzumab ozogamicin)、谷卡匹酶(glucarpidase)、戈舍瑞林、普萘洛尔(propranolol)、曲妥珠单抗(trastuzumab)、拓扑替康、帕博西尼(palbociclib)、替伊莫单抗(ibritumomab tiuxetan)、依鲁替尼(ibrutinib)、普纳替尼(ponatinib)、伊达比星、艾代拉利司(idelalisib)、伊马替尼(imatinib)、talimogene laherparepvec、伊匹单抗(ipilimumab)、罗米地辛(romidepsin)、伊沙匹隆(ixabepilone)、伊沙佐米(ixazomib)、鲁索替尼、卡巴他赛、帕利夫明(palifermin)、派姆单抗(pembrolizumab)、瑞博西尼(ribociclib)、司利弗明(tisagenlecleucel)、兰瑞肽(lanreotide)、拉帕替尼(lapatinib)、奥拉单抗(olaratumab)、来那度胺(lenalidomide)、乐伐替尼(lenvatinib)、瘤可维(leucovorin)、亮丙瑞林(leuprolide)、洛莫司汀(lomustine)、三氟胸苷(trifluridine)、奥拉帕尼(olaparib)、长春新碱(vincristine)、甲基苄肼(procarbazine)、氮芥(mechlorethamine)、甲地孕酮(megestrol)、曲美替尼(trametinib)、替莫唑胺(temozolomide)、溴化甲基纳曲酮(methylnaltrexone bromide)、米哚妥林(Midostaurin)、丝裂霉素C(mitomycin C)、米托蒽醌(mitoxantrone)、普乐沙福(plerixafor)、长春瑞滨、耐昔妥珠单抗(necitumumab)、来那替尼(neratinib)、索拉非尼(sorafenib)、尼鲁米特(nilutamide)、尼洛替尼(nilotinib)、尼拉帕尼(niraparib)、纳武单抗(nivolumab)、他莫昔芬(tamoxifen)、罗米司亭(romiplostim)、索尼吉布(sonidegib)、高三尖杉酯碱(omacetaxine)、培门冬酶(pegaspargase)、昂丹司琼(ondansetron)、奥希替尼(osimertinib)、帕尼单抗(panitumumab)、帕唑帕尼(pazopanib)、干扰素α-2b(interferon alfa-2b)、帕妥珠单抗(pertuzumab)、泊马度胺(pomalidomide)、巯基嘌呤、瑞戈非尼(regorafenib)、利妥昔单抗(rituximab)、罗拉吡坦(rolapitant)、卢卡帕利(rucaparib)、司妥昔单抗(siltuximab)、舒尼替尼(sunitinib)、硫鸟嘌呤、替西罗莫司(temsirolimus)、沙利度胺(thalidomide)、噻替派(thiotepa)、曲贝替定(trabectedin)、戊柔比星(valrubicin)、凡德他尼(vandetanib)、长春碱(vinblastine)、维莫非尼(vemurafenib)、伏立诺他(vorinostat)、唑来膦酸(zoledronicacid)或其组合,例如,环磷酰胺、甲氨蝶呤、5-氟尿嘧啶(CMF);多柔比星、环磷酰胺(AC);氮芥(mustine)、长春新碱、甲基苄肼、泼尼松龙(prednisolone)(MOPP);阿霉素、博来霉素、长春碱、达卡巴嗪(ABVD);环磷酰胺、多柔比星、长春新碱、泼尼松龙(CHOP);利妥昔单抗、环磷酰胺、多柔比星、长春新碱、泼尼松龙(RCHOP);博来霉素、依托泊苷、顺铂(BEP);表阿霉素、顺铂、5-氟尿嘧啶(ECF);表阿霉素、顺铂、卡培他滨(ECX);甲氨蝶呤、长春新碱、多柔比星、顺铂(MVAC)。在某些具体实施方案中,所述化疗剂是抗体、抗-PD-1、抗-PD-L1、抗-CTLA4抗体或其组合,如抗-CTLA4(例如伊匹单抗、曲美木单抗(tremelimumab))、抗-PD-L1(例如阿替利珠单抗、阿维单抗、德瓦鲁单抗)或抗-PD1抗体(例如纳武单抗、派姆单抗、西米普利单抗(cemiplimab)、多塔利单抗(dostarlimab)、司他利珠单抗(spartalizumab)、卡瑞利珠单抗(camrelizumab)、替雷利珠单抗(tislelizumab)、特瑞普利单抗(toripalimab)、信迪利单抗(sintilimab)。
Bak激活剂
尽管本公开的某些实施方案不旨在受任何特定机制的限制,但相信本文公开的某些化合物激活Bak;因此,所述化合物可用作治疗癌症的治疗剂。
在某些实施方案中,Bak激活剂是1-((2-((2-甲氧基吖啶-9-基)氨基)乙基)氨基)丙-2-醇(BKA-073)、其衍生物、前药、酯或盐。在某些实施方案中,所述衍生物是式I或II的化合物,
其衍生物、前药、酯或盐,其中:
Q是O或S;
U是N或CH;
R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9和R10各自独立,且独立地为氢、烷基、卤素、氰基、羟基、氨基、巯基、甲酰基、羧基、氨甲酰基、烷氧基、烷酰基、烷硫基、烷氨基、氨烷基、(烷基)2氨基、磷酸基、烷基亚磺酰基、烷基磺酰基、芳基磺酰基、碳环基、芳基或杂环基,其中R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9和R10任选地被一个或多个相同或不同的R11取代;
R11为烷基、卤素、氰基、羟基、氨基、巯基、甲酰基、羧基、氨甲酰基、烷氧基、烷酰基、烷硫基、烷氨基、磷酸基、氨烷基、(烷基)2氨基、烷基亚磺酰基、烷基磺酰基、芳基磺酰基、碳环基、芳基或杂环基,其中R11任选地被一个或多个相同或不同的R12取代;
R12为卤素、硝基、氰基、羟基、三氟甲氧基、三氟甲基、氨基、甲酰基、羧基、氨基甲酰基、巯基、氨磺酰基、甲基、乙基、甲氧基、乙氧基、乙酰基、乙酰氧基、2-甲氧基乙氧基、2-羟基乙氧基、甲氨基、乙氨基、二甲氨基、二乙氨基、N-甲基-N-乙氨基、乙酰氨基、N-甲氨基甲酰基、N-乙氨基甲酰基、N,N-二甲氨基甲酰基、N,N-二乙氨基甲酰基、N-甲基-N-乙氨基甲酰基、甲硫基、乙硫基、甲基亚磺酰基、乙基亚磺酰基、甲磺酰基、乙基磺酰基、甲氧羰基、乙氧羰基、N-甲氨基磺酰基、N-乙氨基磺酰基、N,N-二甲氨基磺酰基、N,N-二乙氨基磺酰基、N-甲基-N-乙基磺酰基、碳环基、芳基或杂环基。
在某些实施方案中,R1是氢。在某些实施方案中,R2是烷基。在某些实施方案中,R3是氢。在某些实施方案中,R4是氢。在某些实施方案中,R5是烷基或甲基。在某些实施方案中,R6、R7、R8、R9和R10是氢。在某些实施方案中,Q是O。在某些实施方案中,U是NH。
药物组合物
在某些实施方案中,本公开涉及本文公开的包含Bak激活剂和药学上可接受的赋形剂的药物组合物。在某些实施方案中,药学上可接受的赋形剂选自稀释剂、崩解剂、增溶剂或润滑剂。
在某些实施方案中,所述药学上可接受的赋形剂选自糖、二糖、蔗糖、乳糖、葡萄糖、甘露醇、山梨醇、多糖、淀粉、纤维素、微晶纤维素、纤维素醚、羟丙基纤维素(HPC)、木糖醇、麦芽糖醇、明胶、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、聚乙二醇(PEG)、羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)、交联羧甲基纤维素钠、磷酸氢钙、碳酸钙、硬脂酸、硬脂酸镁、滑石、碳酸镁、二氧化硅、维生素A、维生素E、维生素C、棕榈酸视黄酯、硒、半胱氨酸、蛋氨酸、柠檬酸和柠檬酸钠、尼泊金甲酯、尼泊金丙酯及其组合。
在某些实施方案中,所述药学上可接受的赋形剂是稀释剂。实例包括微晶纤维素,其它稀释剂可为,例如:碳酸钙、磷酸钙、硫酸钙、羧酸纤维素、赤藓糖醇、乙基纤维素、果糖、菊粉、异麦芽酮糖醇、乳糖醇、乳糖、碳酸镁、氧化镁、麦芽糖醇、麦芽糊精、麦芽糖、甘露醇、聚葡萄糖、聚乙二醇、普鲁兰(pullulan)、二甲基硅油、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钠、氯化钠、山梨醇、淀粉、蔗糖、海藻糖和木糖醇。
在某些实施方案中,所述药学上可接受的赋形剂是崩解剂。崩解剂的实例可以是,例如:海藻酸、海藻酸钙、羧甲基纤维素钙、壳聚糖、胶体二氧化硅、交联羧甲基纤维素钠、交联聚维酮、甘氨酸、瓜尔胶、羟丙基纤维素、低取代羟丙基纤维、硅酸镁铝、甲基纤维素、聚维酮、羧甲淀粉钠和淀粉。
在某些实施方案中,所述药学上可接受的赋形剂是增溶剂。增溶剂的实例可以是,例如:苯扎氯铵、苯甲酸苄酯、磺丁基醚β-环糊精钠、氯化十六烷基吡啶、环糊精、二甘醇单乙醚、富马酸、羟丙基β-环糊精、羟丙甲纤维素、羊毛脂醇、卵磷脂、油醇、磷脂、泊洛沙姆、聚氧乙烯烷基醚、聚氧乙烯蓖麻油衍生物、聚氧乙烯失水山梨醇脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯羟基硬脂酸酯、聚氧甘油酸酯、聚维酮、吡咯烷酮、十二烷基硫酸钠、脱水山梨醇酯(脱水山梨醇脂肪酸酯)、辛酸甘油三酯、油酸甘油三酯和维生素E聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯。
在某些实施方案中,所述药学上可接受的赋形剂是润滑剂。润滑剂的实例可以是,例如硬脂酸钙、山嵛酸甘油酯、山嵛酸甘油二酯(glyceryl dibehenate)、单硬脂酸酯甘油酯、棕榈酸甘油酯、甘油的山嵛酸酯的混合物(例如,山嵛酸甘油二酯、山嵛酸甘油三酯(tribehenin)和山嵛酸甘油酯的混合物)、亮氨酸、硬脂酸镁、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、泊洛沙姆、聚乙二醇、苯甲酸钾、苯甲酸钠、十二烷基硫酸钠、硬脂酸钠、硬脂富马酸钠、硬脂酸、滑石、山嵛酸甘油三酯和硬脂酸锌。
在某些实施方案中,所述药学上可接受的赋形剂选自乳糖、蔗糖、甘露糖醇、柠檬酸三乙酯、葡萄糖、纤维素、甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、交联羧甲基纤维素钠、聚乙烯基N-吡咯烷酮、交联聚维酮、乙基纤维素、聚维酮、丙烯酸甲酯和乙酯共聚物、聚乙二醇、山梨醇的脂肪酸酯、十二烷基硫酸酯、明胶、甘油、单油酸甘油酯、二氧化硅、二氧化钛、滑石、玉米淀粉、巴西棕榈蜡、硬脂酸、山梨酸、硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸钙、蓖麻油、矿物油、磷酸钙、淀粉、淀粉的羧甲基醚、氧化铁、三乙酸甘油酯、阿拉伯树胶、酯或其盐。
在某些实施方案中,所述药物组合物是片剂、药丸、胶囊、凝胶、凝胶胶囊或乳膏的形式。在某些实施方案中,所述药物组合物是pH为6-8的灭菌pH缓冲水性盐溶液或磷酸盐缓冲盐水溶液的形式,任选地包含糖或多糖。
在某些实施方案中,所述药学上可接受的形式是药学上可接受的盐。如本文所用,术语“药学上可接受的盐”是指在合理的医学判断范围内,适合与受试者的组织接触使用而没有过度毒性、刺激、过敏反应等,并且具有合理的益处/风险比的那些盐。药学上可接受的盐在本领域是众所周知的。例如,Berge等人在J.Pharmaceutical Sciences(1977)66:1-19中详细描述了药学上可接受的盐。本文提供的化合物的药学上可接受的盐包括衍生自合适的无机和有机酸和碱的那些盐。药学上可接受的无毒酸加成盐的实例是与如盐酸、氢溴酸、磷酸、硫酸和高氯酸的无机酸形成的氨基盐或与如乙酸、草酸、马来酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、琥珀酸或丙二酸的有机酸形成的氨基盐,或通过使用本领域中使用的其它方法如离子交换形成的氨基盐。
其他药学上可接受的盐包括己二酸盐、藻酸盐、抗坏血酸盐、天冬氨酸盐、苯磺酸盐(benzenesulfonate)、苯磺酸盐(besylate)、苯甲酸盐、硫酸氢盐、硼酸盐、丁酸盐、樟脑磺酸盐、柠檬酸盐、环戊丙酸盐、二葡糖酸盐、十二烷基硫酸盐、乙磺酸盐、甲酸盐、延胡索酸盐、葡糖庚酸盐、甘油磷酸盐、葡糖酸盐、半硫酸盐、庚酸盐、己酸盐、氢碘酸盐、2-羟基乙磺酸盐、乳糖酸盐、乳酸盐、月桂酸盐、月桂基硫酸盐、苹果酸盐、马来酸盐、丙二酸盐、甲磺酸盐、2-萘磺酸盐、烟酸盐、硝酸盐、油酸盐、草酸盐、棕榈酸盐、双羟萘酸盐、果胶酸盐、过硫酸盐、3-苯基丙酸盐、磷酸盐、苦味酸盐、新戊酸盐、丙酸盐、硬脂酸盐、琥珀酸盐、硫酸盐、酒石酸盐、硫氰酸盐、对甲苯磺酸盐、十一酸盐、戊酸盐,等等。在一些实施方案中,可衍生盐的有机酸包括,例如,乙酸、丙酸、乙醇酸、丙酮酸、草酸、马来酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、富马酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、苯甲酸、肉桂酸、扁桃酸、甲磺酸、乙磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、水杨酸等。
衍生自适当碱的药学上可接受的盐包括碱金属盐、碱土金属盐、铵盐或季铵盐,例如N+(C1-4烷基)4盐。代表性的碱金属盐或碱土金属盐包括钠、锂、钾、钙、镁、铁、锌、铜、锰、铝等。在适当的情况下,进一步的药学上可接受的盐包括使用抗衡离子,如卤化物、氢氧化物、羧酸盐、硫酸盐、磷酸盐、硝酸盐、低级烷基磺酸盐和芳基磺酸盐形成的无毒铵、季铵和胺阳离子。可以衍生出盐的有机碱包括,例如,伯、仲和叔胺、取代胺(包括天然存在的取代胺、环状胺,碱性离子交换树脂等),所述取代胺如异丙胺、三甲胺、二乙胺、三乙胺、三丙胺和乙醇胺。在一些实施方案中,药学上可接受的碱加成盐选自铵盐、钾盐、钠盐、钙盐和镁盐。
在某些实施方案中,本文公开的Bak激活剂可以以“游离碱形式”或作为药学上可接受的盐或作为其自身的任何混合物使用。在一个实施方案中,Bak激活剂为游离碱形式。应理解,“游离碱形式”是指Bak活激活剂不是盐形式的情况。
在某些实施方案中,本公开涉及本文公开的包含Bak激活剂或药剂组合的试剂盒或药物包装,具有使用说明。在某些实施方案中,个体药剂可以包装在容器中,例如小瓶、盒子、注射器或瓶子。在某些实施方案中,说明可以在容器内的小册子中,或者在容器的外部或内部。
使用方法
在某些实施方案中,本公开涉及治疗癌症的方法,包括将有效量的Bak激活剂或含有其的药物组合物施用于需要的受试者。在某些实施方案中,所述受试者是人类患者。在某些实施方案中,所述Bak激活剂诱导或增加细胞凋亡,例如,线粒体中Bak低聚物的形成促进细胞色素c(Cyt c)的释放以诱导细胞凋亡。在某些实施方案中,本公开涉及制备本文公开的用于治疗癌症的包含Bak激活剂的药物。
在某些实施方案中,所述癌症是转移性癌、实体癌或血液癌。在某些实施方案中,所述受试者被诊断患有肺癌、小细胞肺癌或非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)。在某些实施方案中,所述受试者被诊断患有选自乳腺癌、结肠癌、淋巴瘤、多发性骨髓瘤、胰腺癌(PANC-1)和骨肉瘤的癌症。
在某些实施方案中,所述受试者被诊断患有选自肺癌、胰腺癌、结直肠癌、子宫癌、食道癌、胃癌、宫颈癌、乳腺癌、前列腺癌或膀胱癌症的癌症。在某些实施方案中,Bak激活剂是(BKA-073)1-((2-((2-甲氧基吖啶-9-基)氨基)乙基)氨基)丙-2-醇、其衍生物、前药或盐。
在某些实施方案中,所述Bak激活剂与额外的化疗剂组合施用。在某些实施方案中,所述Bak激活剂是BKA-073)1-((2-((2-甲氧基吖啶-9-基)氨基)乙基)氨基)丙-2-醇、其衍生物、前药或盐。
在某些实施方案中,所述受试者被诊断患有非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)。在某些实施方案中,可以在痰液细胞学检查看到恶性细胞。在某些实施方案中,可以通过支气管镜检查或成像测试来发现肿瘤。
在某些实施方案中,除了切除肺的一部分的手术之外,例如肺叶切除术、袖状切除术、肺段切除术或楔形切除术,还可以进行本文公开的治疗。
在某些实施方案中,除了放射治疗之外,还可以实施本文公开的治疗。
在某些实施方案中,本文公开的Bak激活剂与另外的化疗剂联合施用。
在某些实施方案中,所述化疗剂是Bcl-2抑制剂,例如维奈妥拉、navitoclax、奥巴克拉或sabutoclax。
在某些实施方案中,所述化疗剂为顺铂、卡铂、紫杉醇、白蛋白结合型紫杉醇、多西他赛、吉西他滨、长春瑞滨、依托泊苷、培美曲塞或其组合。
在某些实施方案中,所述化疗剂是顺铂或卡铂加吉西他滨与长春瑞滨或紫杉醇的组合的组合。
在某些实施方案中,本公开涉及一种治疗白血病的方法,包括将有效量的Bak激活剂如((BKA-073)1-((2-((2-甲氧基吖啶-9-基)氨基)乙基)氨基)丙-2-醇、其衍生物、前药或盐与维奈妥拉或其他Bcl-2抑制剂联合施用于有需要的受试者。
在某些实施方案中,本公开涉及一种治疗白血病的方法,包括将有效量的Bak激活剂如(BKA-073)1-((2-((2-甲氧基吖啶-9-基)氨基)乙基)氨基)丙-2-醇、其衍生物、前药或盐与利妥昔单抗和维奈妥拉或其他Bcl-2抑制剂组合施用于有需要的受试者。在某些实施方案中,所述受试者被诊断患有慢性淋巴细胞白血病(CLL)或复发性或难治性慢性淋巴细胞白血病。在某些实施方案中,受试者被诊断患有急性髓性白血病(AML),使用Bak激活剂如(BKA-073)1-((2-((2-甲氧基吖啶-9-基)氨基)乙基)氨基)丙-2-醇、其衍生物、前药或盐与低甲基化药物如地西他滨和阿扎胞苷或阿糖胞苷联合治疗。
在某些实施方案中,本文公开的癌症治疗可在被诊断有基因突变的受试者中开始,所述基因突变例如Akt、Mcl-1、EGFR、ALK、ROS1、BRAF、RET、MET、NTRK基因或其组合的突变。
在某些实施方案中,所述受试者被诊断有Akt基因突变(例如L52R、Q79K和D323H)。在某些实施方案中,将本文公开的Bak激活剂与Akt抑制剂如卡帕赛替尼(capivasertib)和帕他色替(ipatasertib)联合施用于受试者。在某些实施方案中,所述Bak激活剂是(BKA-073)1-((2-((2-甲氧基吖啶-9-基)氨基)乙基)氨基)丙-2-醇、其衍生物、前药或盐。
在某些实施方案中,所述受试者被诊断具有Mcl-1基因突变。在某些实施方案中,将本文公开的Bak激活剂与本文公开的Mcl-1抑制剂联合施用于受试者。在某些实施方案中,所述Bak激活剂是(BKA-073)1-((2-((2-甲氧基吖啶-9-基)氨基)乙基)氨基)丙-2-醇、其衍生物、前药或盐。
在某些实施方案中,所述受试者被诊断具有ALK基因突变。在某些实施方案中,将本文公开的Bak激活剂与ALK抑制剂联合施用于受试者。在某些实施方案中,所述Bak激活剂是(BKA-073)1-((2-((2-甲氧基吖啶-9-基)氨基)乙基)氨基)丙-2-醇、其衍生物、前药或盐。在某些实施方案中,将本文公开的Bak激活剂与克唑替尼、阿来替尼、布吉他滨、劳拉替尼、福瑞替尼、alvotinib、贝扎替尼(belizatinib)、瑞波替尼(repotrectinib)、恩曲替尼或恩沙替尼联合施用于所述受试者。
在某些实施方案中,受试者被诊断具有EGFR基因突变。在某些实施方案中,给受试者联合施用本文公开的Bak激活剂与EGFR抑制剂。在某些实施方案中,所述Bak激活剂是(BKA-073)1-((2-((2-甲氧基吖啶-9-基)氨基)乙基)氨基)丙-2-醇、其衍生物、前药或盐。在某些实施方案中,将本文公开的Bak激活剂与阿法替尼、厄洛替尼或拉帕替尼联合施用于受试者。
在某些实施方案中,所述受试者被诊断具有ROS1基因突变。在某些实施方案中,将本文公开的Bak激活剂与克唑替尼、恩曲替尼或色瑞替尼联合施用于受试者。在某些实施方案中,所述Bak激活剂是(BKA-073)1-((2-((2-甲氧基吖啶-9-基)氨基)乙基)氨基)丙-2-醇、其衍生物、前药或盐。
在某些实施方案中,所述受试者被诊断具有BRAF基因突变。在某些实施方案中,将本文公开的Bak激活剂与达拉非尼或曲美替尼联合施用于受试者。在某些实施方案中,所述Bak激活剂是(BKA-073)1-((2-((2-甲氧基吖啶-9-基)氨基)乙基)氨基)丙-2-醇、其衍生物、前药或盐。
在某些实施方案中,所述受试者被诊断具有RET基因突变。在某些实施方案中,将本文公开的Bak激活剂与塞尔帕替尼或普拉替尼联合施用于受试者。在某些实施方案中,所述Bak激活剂是(BKA-073)1-((2-((2-甲氧基吖啶-9-基)氨基)乙基)氨基)丙-2-醇、其衍生物、前药或盐。
在某些实施方案中,所述受试者被诊断具有MET基因突变。在某些实施方案中,将本文公开的Bak激活剂与卡马替尼联合施用于受试者。在某些实施方案中,所述Bak激活剂是(BKA-073)1-((2-((2-甲氧基吖啶-9-基)氨基)乙基)氨基)丙-2-醇、其衍生物、前药或盐。
在某些实施方案中,所述受试者被诊断具有NTRK基因突变。在某些实施方案中,将本文公开的Bak激活剂与拉罗替尼或恩曲替尼联合施用于受试者。在某些实施方案中,所述Bak激活剂是(BKA-073)1-((2-((2-甲氧基吖啶-9-基)氨基)乙基)氨基)丙-2-醇、其衍生物、前药或盐。
在某些实施方案中,所述受试者被诊断具有高于正常水平的PD-L1的肿瘤或癌症细胞。在某些实施方案中,将本文公开的Bak激活剂与PD-L1抗体、帕博利珠单抗、阿替利珠单抗、纳武单抗或伊匹单抗联合施用于受试者。在某些实施方案中,所述Bak激活剂是(BKA-073)1-((2-((2-甲氧基吖啶-9-基)氨基)乙基)氨基)丙-2-醇、其衍生物、前药或盐。
在某些实施方案中,将本文公开的Bak激活剂与贝伐珠单抗联合施用于受试者用于治疗癌症。在某些实施方案中,所述Bak激活剂是(BKA-073)1-((2-((2-甲氧基吖啶-9-基)氨基)乙基)氨基)丙-2-醇、其衍生物、前药或盐。
在某些实施方案中,所述受试者被诊断具有鳞状细胞NSCLC。在某些实施方案中,将本文公开的Bak激活剂与耐昔妥珠单抗联合施用于受试者。在某些实施方案中,所述Bak激活剂是(BKA-073)1-((2-((2-甲氧基吖啶-9-基)氨基)乙基)氨基)丙-2-醇、其衍生物、前药或盐。
用于癌症治疗的Bak激活剂
Bak是癌症细胞程序性细胞死亡和凋亡诱导所需的促凋亡蛋白。本文报道的实验表明,Bak表达升高与肺癌预后不良相关,表明Bak是癌症患者中有希望的预后指标和潜在的治疗靶点。在这里,BKA-073被鉴定为Bak激活剂,其靶向Bak的BH3结构域,激活Bak的促凋亡功能,并对肺癌和其他癌症表现出强大的抗肿瘤活性。实验表明,BKA-073直接与Bak蛋白结合,并诱导线粒体中的Bak低聚,从而激活促凋亡功能。实验表明,BKA-073诱导的Bak寡聚化促进线粒体启动和Cyt-c释放,线粒体启动和Cyt-c释放是线粒体网促凋亡(netpro-apoptotic)信号的早期变化。BKA-073诱导的线粒体启动和Cyt-c释放导致肺癌细胞凋亡。Bak而非Bax的敲除导致肺癌细胞和肺癌异种移植物中的BKA-073耐药性,表明BKA-073的抗肿瘤活性以Bak依赖性方式发生。此外,在野生型(而不是缺失BH3突变体)的A549 Bak双阴性细胞中的Bak的外源性表达可以恢复对BKA-073的敏感性,表明BKA-073的凋亡作用涉及与Bak蛋白中的BH3结构域结合。尽管本公开的实施方案意不在受任何特定机制的限制,但实验结果表明使用小分子Bak激活剂用于癌症治疗的机制模型。
已经描述了凋亡细胞死亡的几种Bax/Bak非依赖性机制。本文报道的实验表明,在Bak-/-和DKOA549细胞中观察到小百分比的凋亡细胞死亡(约20%)。据认为,除了主要的Bak依赖性细胞凋亡机制外,BKA-073还通过Bax/Bak非依赖性机制诱导小比例的细胞凋亡死亡(约20%)。
BKA-073通过在来源于肺癌细胞系或源自患者的SCLC肿瘤的异种移植物中诱导Bak活化(寡聚化)和凋亡细胞死亡,表现出抗肺癌的强大抗肿瘤活性。剂量范围在5至15mg/kg/天之间是有效的,没有体重减轻或显著的器官毒性。由于BKA-073抑制了从两名难治性小细胞肺癌患者中培养的患者来源的异种移植物(PDX)的生长,BKA-073似乎对人类患者具有临床效用。
靶向Bak的BH3结合口袋的小分子筛选
BH3死亡结构域是Bak促凋亡功能所必需的。使用UCSF DOCK 6.1程序套件和NCI化学文库(300000个小分子)数据库,选择Bak(PDBID:2YV6)的BH3结构域结合口袋(aa75-88)作为筛选小分子的对合端。根据小分子的能量得分对它们进行排序。从NCI获得被确定对BH3结构域具有最高亲和力的前500种化合物,并通过磺酰罗丹明B(SRB)测定法测试其在人肺癌细胞(H1299、H460和A549细胞)中的细胞毒性以进行进一步筛选。在这些小分子中,化合物NSC14073对人肺症细胞具有最强的活性。该Bak激活剂化合物被命名为BKA-073(C19H24ClN3O2,MW:361.87)(图1A)。
为了测试BKA-073对线粒体启动(Δ%启动)和凋亡细胞死亡的影响,用递增浓度(0、0.25、0.5、0.75、1.0μM)的BKA-073处理人癌症A549细胞,然后在16小时分析动态BH3谱(DBP),在72小时分析凋亡细胞死亡。DBP是一种功能测定,可以测量癌症细胞中化疗药物或靶向药物诱导的线粒体网促凋亡信号的早期变化(“启动”)。启动是细胞接近凋亡阈值的量度。结果表明,BKA-073以剂量依赖的方式诱导线粒体启动和细胞凋亡。
测试了一组NSCLC和SCLC细胞系。BKA-073在表达不同水平内源性Bak的NSCLC和SCLC细胞系中有效诱导线粒体启动和细胞凋亡(图1B)。表达相对较高水平Bak的NSCLC细胞系(A549、H157和H1975)和SCLC细胞系(即DMS53、DMS114、H209和H526)对BKA-073更敏感。相反,表达相对较低水平内源性Bak的肺癌细胞系(NSCLC细胞系:Calu-1;SCLC细胞系:H69、H128和H146)对BKA-073不太敏感。因此,BKA-073诱导线粒体启动和细胞凋亡的敏感性相对依赖于Bak的表达水平。除了肺癌细胞系外,还对BKA-073在其他类型的癌症细胞系中的疗效进行了评估,所述癌症细胞系包括乳腺癌(MDA-MB-231和MCF7)、结肠癌(HCT-116)、淋巴瘤(Ramos)、多发性骨髓瘤(OPM-1)、胰腺癌(PANC-1)和骨肉瘤(U2OS)细胞系。结果显示,BKA-073在各种类型的癌症细胞系中也有效诱导线粒体启动和凋亡细胞凋亡(图1C),表明BKA-073对各种癌症类型应有效。
BKA-073直接与Bak蛋白结合并诱导Bak低聚,从而释放Cyt c
为了证实BKA-073与Bak的结合,使用纯化的人Bak蛋白、荧光Bak BH3结构域肽和BKA-073进行竞争性荧光偏振(FP)检测。BKA-073以高结合亲和力(Ki:72.3±5.96nM)直接与人Bak蛋白结合。具体而言,BKA-073与其他Bcl2家族成员的结合亲和力非常低(图2A),表明它选择性地与Bak结合。Bak和其他Bcl2家族成员之间的BH3结构域存在多个氨基酸差异。BKA-073似乎只与Bak结合,而不与其他Bcl2家族成员(Bax、Bcl2、Bcl-XL、Bcl-w和Mcl-1)结合。
等温滴定量热法(ITC)也用于测量Bak/BKA-073的结合。ITC是一种直接的、无需标记和固定的技术,它测量蛋白质和相互作用的小分子配体之间的结合亲和力,并可用于分析毫摩尔和纳摩尔范围内的结合常数(Kd)值。使用auto-iTC200仪器进行ITC实验以评估BKA-073/Bak结合。结果表明,BKA-073以纳摩尔范围的结合亲和力(Kd=88.62±5.73nM)与人Bak蛋白直接结合(图2B)。相反,在ITC检测中,BKA-073未能与BH3缺失的人Bak突变蛋白(ΔBH3)结合,这表明BH3结构域参与了Bak与BKA-073的相互作用。
除了人的Bak/BKA-073结合外,还使用ITC测量小鼠的Bak/BKA-073结合。BKA-073还以良好的结合亲和力(Kd=93.37±7.91nM)与小鼠Bak蛋白直接结合。这些实验表明BKA-073可以结合人和小鼠的Bak蛋白。
凋亡过程中的一个步骤是Bak的低聚。为了评估BKA-073是否影响Bak在线粒体膜中形成低聚物的能力,用双(马来酰亚胺)己烷(BMH)进行了交联研究。用BKA-073(1μM)处理A549细胞促进了Bak二聚体和三聚体的形成。这些加合物的分子大小估计为约28kDa的倍数,表明在A549细胞中形成Bak同源低聚物。这些发现表明BKA-073可以通过其在线粒体中的低聚作用来激活Bak。线粒体中Bak低聚物的形成促进细胞色素c(Cyt-c)的释放以诱导细胞凋亡。实验表明,BKA-073诱导的Bak低聚化促进了A549细胞中Cyt-c从线粒体释放。
BKA-073通过诱导Bak依赖性细胞凋亡有效抑制NSCLC异种移植物
为了在体内测试BKA-073的效力,用递增剂量(0、5、10、15mg/kg/d)的BKA-073对携带源自A549细胞的肺癌异种移植物的小鼠腹腔注射处理28天。BKA-073以剂量依赖的方式有效抑制肺癌的生长(图3)。为了评估BKA-073诱导的肿瘤生长抑制是否通过体内Bak的激活和细胞凋亡发生,通过与BMH交联进行Bak低聚化或通过免疫组织化学(IHC)激活胱天蛋白酶3,分析来自收获的肿瘤组织的代表性样品。BKA-073治疗后,在肿瘤组织中观察到剂量依赖性的Bak低聚化和细胞凋亡。重要的是,5至15mg/kg/d的剂量不仅有效地抑制了肿瘤生长,而且耐受性良好,对小鼠没有显著毒性。对于BKA-073用于涉及肺癌异种移植物的体内实验,5mg/kg和15mg/kg之间的剂量提供了最佳治疗指数。
异种移植物和PDX模型中BKA-073对SCLC呈现有效的抗肿瘤活性为了进一步评估BKA-073在体内对SCLC的抗肿瘤活性,用BKA-073(15mg/kg/d)腹腔注射处理携带源自DMS114细胞系的SCLC异种移植物或来自两名难治性SCLC患者(TKO-2和TKO-5)的患者来源的异种移植物(PDX)的小鼠2-4周。BKA-073有效抑制DMS114异种移植物和SCLC PDX的肿瘤生长,这是通过诱导细胞凋亡发生的(图4)。这些发现表明BKA-073可能对患有SCLC的患者有效。
在基因工程小鼠模型(GEMM)中BKA-073抑制突变KRAS-驱动的肺癌生长并延长存活时间
KRAS是一种常见的突变癌基因,但目前还没有针对KRAS突变癌的有效靶向治疗方法。有趣的是,在野生型KRAS背景的H1944细胞中,外源组成型活性KRAS(G12D)突变体的表达显著增强了Bak的表达。由于BKA-073能够通过在体外和体内促进Bak的低聚化而激活Bak来诱导细胞凋亡,因此进行了实验以确定BKA-073是否对突变KRAS-驱动的癌症的治疗有效。
为了评估BKA-073在KRAS突变驱动的癌症中的效力,产生并培育了lox-stop-lox(LSL)-KRAS G12D LKB1fl/fl(即KL)小鼠。这些小鼠含有KRAS G12D LSL敲入等位基因和LKB1的敲入的(floxed)等位基因(LKB1fl/fl)。在KRAS G12D LKB1fl/fl(KL)小鼠中鼻内施用5×106pfu表达Cre重组酶的腺病毒(AdeCre)后,最早在6周后就可检测到原发性肺腺癌。与每只小鼠的每个肺叶的代表性横截面的相邻正常肺组织相比,在来自KL小鼠的肿瘤组织中观察到Bak表达增加。结果表明,BKA-073对KL小鼠的处理通过细胞凋亡显著降低了肺中的肿瘤负荷和多样性。用BKA-073处理显著延长了KL小鼠的存活时间,从而为使用Bak激动剂BKA-073来治疗突变KRAS-驱动的肺癌提供了强有力的理论基础。
为了进一步评估BKA-073作为突变KRAS-驱动的癌症的治疗的潜力,从AdeCre递送后6周开始,对KL小鼠腹腔注射施用BKA-073(15mg/kg/d)或载体。在处理48天后,用二氧化碳窒息对KL小鼠实施安乐死。收集具有肿瘤的肺和正常肺组织以进行进一步分析。为了量化小鼠的肿瘤负荷和肿瘤多样性,与对照组相比,用形态计量软件对H&E染色的肺进行成像,以量化肿瘤相对于正常组织所构成的表面积。对照组6只小鼠中有4只死亡,而BKA-073处理组6只小鼠中有2只死亡(p<0.01),计算至安乐死前48天(图5)。
Bak在抗辐射的肺癌细胞中积累,BKA-073在体外和体内逆转辐射抗性
为了进一步研究Bak是否有助于抗辐射,建立了三种具有电离辐射抗性的癌症细胞系(即A549-IRR、H358-IRR和H460-IRR)。与亲本A549(A549-P)、H358(H358-P)和H460(H460-P)细胞相比,在A549-IRR、H358-IRR和H460-IRR细胞中观察到Bak水平增加。A549-IRR、H358-IRR和H460-IRR细胞在细胞培养条件下生长良好,表明Bak分子在正常生长条件下处于非活性形式。A549-P、H385-P和H460-P细胞对IR仍然敏感,但A549-IRR、H358-IRR和H460-IRR对IR不敏感。亲本和抗辐射细胞系都对BKA-073敏感,表明BKA-073对抗辐射细胞有效。
为了进一步在体内测试这一点,用IR(2Gy/暴露,每隔一天共5次)或BKA-073(15mg/kg/d)处理源自A549-P和A549-IRR细胞系的NSCLC异种移植物4周。源自A549-IRR细胞的肺癌异种移植物对IR处理具有抗性,而源自A549-P的异种移植物对IR处理敏感。BKA-073抑制源自A549-P或A549-IRR细胞的异种移植物,表明BKA-073在抗辐射的肺癌异种移植物中也是有效的。
BKA-073与Bcl2抑制剂维奈妥拉(ABT-199)联合体内外协同抑制癌症
为了测试Bak的促凋亡活性的直接激活与Bcl2的抗凋亡功能的抑制是否在肺癌治疗中实现协同效应,将表达内源性Bcl2和Bak的SCLC细胞系(DMS53)和NSCLC细胞系(H460)用维奈妥拉与BKA-073联合处理16h和72h,随后分别对动态BH3谱和细胞凋亡进行分析。BKA-073与维奈妥拉联合使用对SCLC和NSCLC细胞系的线粒体启动和细胞凋亡的诱导均表现出较强的协同作用。用BKA-073(10mg/kg/d)腹腔注射、维奈妥拉(60mg/kg/d)口服或组合,处理源自DMS53细胞的SCLC异种移植物和源自H460细胞的NSCLC异种移植物4周。结果显示,BKA-073和维奈妥拉联合处理在体内协同抑制SCLC和NSCLC(图6)。
肿瘤组织中较高水平的Bak与NSCLC患者预后不良相关
在各种人肺癌细胞系中观察到较高水平的内源性Bak表达,其在未经任何处理的细胞培养基中不引起细胞凋亡。这表明Bak蛋白在正常生长条件下是一种无活性的形式。为了进一步测试Bak在NSCLC患者的肿瘤组织中是否上调,使用Bak抗体通过IHC染色分析208名NSCLC患者样本中的Bak表达。获得福尔马林固定和石蜡包埋的人体组织样品。用肿瘤和邻近正常肺的复制核心构建组织微阵列(TMA)。Bak的IHC染色的半定量评估是基于所述染色细胞的百分比和染色强度,使用“免疫核心”进行的。Bak蛋白在肿瘤组织中的表达明显高于邻近的正常肺组织。重要的是,肿瘤组织中Bak表达的增加与NSCLC患者的不良预后相关(图7),表明Bak是NSCLC的潜在预后生物标志物。这些实验表明,Bak激活剂(BKA-073)是改善NSCLC患者和其他癌症结果的有效策略。
Claims (20)
1.一种治疗癌症的方法,包括向需要的人类受试者施用有效量的Bak激活剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述Bak激活剂是1-((2-((2-甲氧基吖啶-9-基)氨基)乙基)氨基)丙-2-醇(BKA-073)、其衍生物、酯或盐。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中Bak激活剂是式I或II的化合物,
其酯或盐,其中:
Q是O或S;
U是N或CH;
R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9和R10各自独立,且独立地为氢、烷基、卤素、氰基、羟基、氨基、巯基、甲酰基、羧基、氨甲酰基、烷氧基、烷酰基、烷硫基、烷氨基、氨烷基、(烷基)2氨基、磷酸基、烷基亚磺酰基、烷基磺酰基、芳基磺酰基、碳环基、芳基或杂环基,其中R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9和R10任选地被一个或多个相同或不同的R11取代;
R11为烷基、卤素、氰基、羟基、氨基、巯基、甲酰基、羧基、氨甲酰基、烷氧基、烷酰基、烷硫基、烷氨基、磷酸基、氨烷基、(烷基)2氨基、烷基亚磺酰基、烷基磺酰基、芳基磺酰基、碳环基、芳基或杂环基,其中R11任选地被一个或多个相同或不同的R12取代;
R12为卤素、硝基、氰基、羟基、三氟甲氧基、三氟甲基、氨基、甲酰基、羧基、氨基甲酰基、巯基、氨磺酰基、甲基、乙基、甲氧基、乙氧基、乙酰基、乙酰氧基、2-甲氧基乙氧基、2-羟基乙氧基、甲氨基、乙氨基、二甲氨基、二乙氨基、N-甲基-N-乙氨基、乙酰氨基、N-甲氨基甲酰基、N-乙氨基甲酰基、N,N-二甲氨基甲酰基、N,N-二乙基甲酰基、N-甲基-N-乙氨基甲酰基、甲硫基、乙硫基、甲基亚磺酰基、乙基亚磺酰基、甲磺酰基、乙基磺酰基、甲氧羰基、乙氧羰基、N-甲氨基磺酰基、N-乙氨基磺酰基、N.N-二甲氨基磺酰基、N.N-二乙氨基磺酰基、N-甲基-N-乙基磺酰基、碳环基、芳基或杂环基。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中R1是氢。
5.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中R2是烷基。
6.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中R3是氢。
7.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中R4是氢。
8.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中R5是烷基。
9.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中R6、R7、R8、R9和R10是氢。
10.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中Q是O。
11.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中U是NH。
12.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述受试者是人。
13.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述受试者被诊断患有非小细胞肺癌。
14.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述Bak激活剂与额外的化疗剂联合施用。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法,其中所述化疗剂是Bcl-2抑制剂。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其中所述Bcl-2抑制剂是维奈妥拉、navitoclax、奥巴克拉和sabutoclax。
17.一种药物组合物,包含本文公开的Bak激活剂或其药学上可接受的盐以及药学上可接受的赋形剂。
18.根据权利要求17所述的药物组合物,其为药丸、胶囊或片剂的形式。
19.根据权利要求17所述的药物组合物,其为含水等渗或非等渗pH缓冲溶液的形式。
20.根据权利要求17所述的药物组合物,其中所述药学上可接受的赋形剂选自糖、二糖、蔗糖、乳糖、葡萄糖、甘露醇、山梨醇、多糖、淀粉、纤维素、微晶纤维素、纤维素醚、羟丙基纤维素(HPC)、木糖醇、麦芽糖醇、明胶、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、聚乙二醇(PEG)、羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)、交联羧甲基纤维素钠、磷酸二钙、碳酸钙、硬脂酸、硬脂酸镁、滑石、碳酸镁、二氧化硅、维生素A、维生素E、维生素C、棕榈酸视黄酯、硒、半胱氨酸、蛋氨酸、柠檬酸和柠檬酸钠、尼泊金甲酯、尼泊金丙酯及其组合。
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