CN117639636B - Offshore photovoltaic support device for vector angle adjustment and adjustment method - Google Patents
Offshore photovoltaic support device for vector angle adjustment and adjustment method Download PDFInfo
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- CN117639636B CN117639636B CN202410098830.6A CN202410098830A CN117639636B CN 117639636 B CN117639636 B CN 117639636B CN 202410098830 A CN202410098830 A CN 202410098830A CN 117639636 B CN117639636 B CN 117639636B
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
- H02S20/30—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment
- H02S20/32—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment specially adapted for solar tracking
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
- F24S30/40—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement
- F24S30/48—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement with three or more rotation axes or with multiple degrees of freedom
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D3/00—Control of position or direction
- G05D3/12—Control of position or direction using feedback
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/40—Thermal components
- H02S40/42—Cooling means
- H02S40/425—Cooling means using a gaseous or a liquid coolant, e.g. air flow ventilation, water circulation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
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Abstract
The invention discloses an offshore photovoltaic supporting device for vector angle adjustment and an adjusting method thereof, which belong to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation technology and intelligent control, and comprise a photovoltaic panel assembly, a photovoltaic bracket, a supporting frame and a ball bearing inner spherical surface, wherein the photovoltaic panel assembly is arranged above the photovoltaic bracket, the lower part of the photovoltaic bracket is fixedly connected with the ball bearing inner spherical surface, and one end of the ball bearing inner spherical surface far away from the photovoltaic bracket is rotationally connected with the supporting frame; the outer side wall of the support frame is provided with a control device. The vector control offshore photovoltaic supporting device designed by the invention can identify the current environmental condition through the wind direction and wind speed sensor and the connection with the database, and consider the illumination angle to adjust the angle of the photovoltaic panel so as to ensure that the stability of the photovoltaic panel in a wind field can not break and simultaneously consider the power generation efficiency of the device. The invention has various use scenes, can be used for various marine floating structures and can also be used for land, and has wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation and intelligent control, and particularly relates to an offshore photovoltaic support device for vector angle adjustment and an adjustment method.
Background
Photovoltaic power generation is used as a novel energy source, is widely applied to northwest regions of China, and the related technology also achieves remarkable achievement. However, the main electricity load centers of China are concentrated in the eastern area, so that the electricity produced in the northwest area is difficult to timely and effectively convey to the eastern area. In addition, the land resources in the eastern region are also relatively limited, which limits the space for land photovoltaic development to some extent. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find a solution to remedy this limitation, which also motivates many researchers to direct their eyes towards the photovoltaic field at sea. The offshore photovoltaic power generation has great development potential and great significance. The sea area is wide, the limitation of land resources can be avoided, and meanwhile, a relatively mature power transmission network in the eastern area provides powerful support for the development of offshore photovoltaics. In addition, the offshore photovoltaic can also reduce environmental pollution brought by traditional thermal power generation and other modes, and makes an important contribution to realizing clean energy transformation in China. Therefore, the development and popularization of the offshore photovoltaic technology are increased, the method is a key step for adjusting the energy structure in China, and the method is an important measure for coping with global environmental problems such as climate change and the like. The offshore photovoltaic has the advantages of not occupying land resources and being easy to transmit power to coastal areas at the east, and has great development prospect.
However, the development of the related technology of the offshore photovoltaic is not mature, so many technical difficulties still remain to be solved well, for example, when the existing offshore photovoltaic device cannot adjust the angle according to wind power in time to reduce wind resistance, the wind resistance is poor, the stability of the whole photovoltaic structure is reduced, continuous high-strength wind power can cause fatigue and aging of the photovoltaic panel structure material, the service life of the photovoltaic panel structure material is possibly reduced, and the maintenance and replacement cost is increased. In addition, the current established offshore photovoltaic devices have not high enough power generation efficiency. Due to the influence of sea waves, the photovoltaic panel cannot ensure that sunlight irradiates the floating point unit at an angle as close to the vertical as possible, so that the output power of the battery is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an offshore photovoltaic support device for vector angle adjustment and an adjustment method, and solves the problems of poor wind resistance, poor stability and low power generation efficiency of the offshore photovoltaic device in the technology.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides an offshore photovoltaic supporting device for vector angle adjustment, which comprises a photovoltaic panel assembly, a photovoltaic bracket, a supporting frame and a ball bearing inner spherical surface, wherein the photovoltaic panel assembly is arranged above the photovoltaic bracket, the lower part of the photovoltaic bracket is fixedly connected with the ball bearing inner spherical surface, and one end of the ball bearing inner spherical surface far away from the photovoltaic bracket is rotationally connected with the supporting frame; and a control device is arranged on the outer side wall of the support frame.
Preferably, the support frame is including being close to the ball bearing outer sphere that ball bearing inner sphere set up and set up the photovoltaic supporting leg stand of ball bearing outer sphere below, photovoltaic supporting leg stand below is the square, and the lower extreme plane is convenient to connect marine floating structure and upper end ball bearing outer sphere as integrated into one piece, guarantees the firm of structure, and ball bearing inner sphere looks and ball bearing outer sphere match and form ball bearing, guarantees that the device has multidirectional flexibility, and the vector control of being convenient for adjusts.
Preferably, the upper surface of the photovoltaic support is in adhesive connection with the photovoltaic panel assembly, and four adjusting hooks are adhered and fixed at four corners of the lower surface of the photovoltaic support.
Preferably, the control device comprises a wire cylinder assembly and an adjusting wire, the upper end of the adjusting wire is connected with the adjusting hook, the lower end of the adjusting wire is connected with the wire cylinder assembly, the four wire cylinder assemblies are provided with motors, and the motors are arranged on the periphery of the outer sides of the photovoltaic supporting leg stand columns; the length of the adjusting wire can be adjusted under the control of the motor, so that the angle of the whole photovoltaic bracket can be adjusted.
The invention also provides an adjusting method of the offshore photovoltaic supporting device for vector angle adjustment, which comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, acquiring real-time wind speed and wind direction information;
step 2, constructing a wind resistance model;
step 3, constructing a solar radiation efficiency model;
step 4, obtaining an objective function according to the model comprehensive weight factors set by the user;
step 5, optimizing the comprehensive model, and after the obtained objective function, maximizing the objective function by using a minize function of the scipy library to find the real-time optimal angle of the photovoltaic panel;
and 6, angle adjustment, namely automatically adjusting the angle in real time according to the calculated optimal angle solar photovoltaic panel.
Preferably, the specific expression of the wind resistance model constructed in the step 2 is as follows:
；
in the method, in the process of the invention,the unit is N, which is air resistance; />Is the air resistance coefficient; />For the mass density of air, 1.226. 1.226 kg/m was taken 3 ；/>Is the projected area of the photovoltaic panel on the cross section, and the unit is m 2 ；/>For the relative speed of air to the photovoltaic panel in m/s, < >>Wherein->To detect the obtained wind speed; />For wind speed->And an included angle between the photovoltaic panel.
Preferably, the specific process of constructing the solar radiation efficiency model in the step 3 is as follows:
s301, calculating the solar altitude angle：
；
Wherein,the latitude is local latitude, and the north latitude is positive; />Is the declination angle of the sun; />Is the solar time angle;
；
wherein ST is the local time;
；
wherein D is the number of days counted from the spring festival as the 0 th day;
s302, calculating the normal direct radiation irradiance DNI with the unit of kW/m 2 DNI refers to the amount of solar radiation energy received per unit time over a unit area of the earth perpendicular to the plane of solar rays, calculated approximately by the following formula:
；
；
；
；
wherein the method comprises the steps ofThe solar constant is 1.366kW/m 2 H is altitude in km.
Preferably, the specific process of obtaining the objective function according to the model comprehensive weight factor set by the user in the step 4 is as follows:
s401, calculating the wind resistance value of the angle of the photovoltaic panel:
；
s402, calculating the radiance of the photovoltaic panel at the sun-facing angle:
；
；
；
；
wherein,，/>between sunlight and photovoltaic panelIs included in the plane of the first part;
s403, normalizing the wind resistance model and the radiance model, wherein the reference value of the wind resistance model takes the maximum bearable resistance of the photovoltaic panel, and the specific expression is as follows:
；
wherein,the maximum bearable resistance of the photovoltaic panel obtained after wind tunnel test is obtained;
the reference value of the radiance model takes the maximum radiance of the sun, and the specific expression is as follows:
；
；
；
；
；
s404, obtaining a final objective function:
；
wherein,a weight factor set for the user; />And->The normalized wind resistance and radiation angle.
Therefore, the offshore photovoltaic support device and the adjustment method for vector angle adjustment have the following beneficial effects:
(1) The real-time vector angle adjusting function provided by the invention is matched with the wind resistance model to calculate and adjust in real time, so that the device is suitable for different environments, the windward area of the device is properly reduced, and the device is ensured not to break due to overlarge wind pressure.
(2) The solar radiation efficiency model adopted by the invention can be matched with the adjusting system to adjust the angle of the photovoltaic supporting plate according to the illumination angle, so that the device receives more sunlight, the power generation efficiency of the device is improved, and the power generation stability of the device is improved.
(3) The ball bearing scheme adopted by the invention can ensure the flexibility of multidirectional rotation of the photovoltaic bracket, and is convenient for adjusting the angle of the photovoltaic bracket by matching with an adjusting system.
(4) The supporting legs adopted by the invention have a certain height, so that the photovoltaic plate assembly is far away from seawater, and the seawater is prevented from corroding the photovoltaic plate assembly, thereby prolonging the service life of the device. Simultaneously, the photovoltaic panel assembly is far away from the sea level, so that air circulation is facilitated, heat dissipation of the photovoltaic panel assembly is facilitated, and damage to the photovoltaic panel assembly due to heat accumulation is avoided.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail through the drawings and the embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of an offshore photovoltaic support apparatus for vector angle adjustment according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of the present invention
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the inclined lower part of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a hanger of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the support leg structure of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the regulating system of the present invention.
Reference numerals
1. A photovoltaic panel assembly; 2. a support frame; 201. the outer spherical surface of the ball bearing; 202. photovoltaic support leg upright posts; 3. adjusting the hook; 4. a control device; 401. a bobbin assembly; 402. an adjustment line; 5. a photovoltaic support; 6. ball bearing inner sphere.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, provided in the accompanying drawings, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1-7, an offshore photovoltaic supporting device for vector angle adjustment comprises a photovoltaic panel assembly 1, a photovoltaic bracket 5, a supporting frame 2 and a ball bearing inner spherical surface 6, wherein the photovoltaic panel assembly 1 is arranged above the photovoltaic bracket 5, the lower part of the photovoltaic bracket 5 is fixedly connected with the ball bearing inner spherical surface 6, and one end of the ball bearing inner spherical surface 6 far away from the photovoltaic bracket 5 is rotationally connected with the supporting frame 2; the outer side wall of the support frame 2 is provided with a control device 4. The support frame 2 is including being close to the ball bearing outer sphere 201 that ball bearing inner sphere 6 set up and setting up the photovoltaic supporting leg stand 202 in ball bearing outer sphere 201 below, and photovoltaic supporting leg stand 202 below is the square, and the marine floating structure of convenient connection of lower extreme plane is integrated into one piece with upper end ball bearing outer sphere, guarantees the firm of structure, and ball bearing inner sphere 6 and ball bearing outer sphere 201 cooperate and form ball bearing, guarantee that the device has multidirectional flexibility, the vector control of being convenient for adjusts. The upper surface of the photovoltaic support 5 is in adhesive connection with the photovoltaic panel assembly 1, and four adjusting hooks 3 are fixedly adhered to four corners of the lower surface of the photovoltaic support 5. The control device 4 comprises a wire barrel assembly 401 and an adjusting wire 402, the upper end of the adjusting wire 402 is connected with the adjusting hook 3, the lower end of the adjusting wire 402 is connected with the wire barrel assembly 401, the wire barrel assembly 401 is provided with four, the four wire barrel assemblies 401 are all provided with motors, and the motors are arranged around the outer sides of the photovoltaic supporting leg stand columns 202; the length of the adjusting wire 402 can be adjusted under the control of the motor so as to adjust the angle of the whole photovoltaic bracket 5, and the orientation and the windward area of the photovoltaic panel assembly 1 are changed, so that a larger illumination area is obtained and the wind pressure stress is reduced.
The method for adjusting the vector angle of the offshore photovoltaic support device comprises the following specific steps of:
step 1, acquiring real-time wind speed and wind direction information; the specific process is as follows:
s101, selecting a high-precision and reliable digital anemometer, providing digital signal output so as to be connected with a data acquisition system, and considering additional installation of a protective cover or a sunshade according to actual conditions of equipment deployment regions so as to protect the anemometer from severe weather and environment;
s102, purchasing a high-precision anemometer, selecting an electronic anemometer and the like which are convenient for collecting real-time data;
s103, the anemometer and the anemometer provide analog voltage or digital signal output, and a proper interface is selected for connection according to equipment specifications. The read data is then converted into actual wind speed and wind direction values using the corresponding conversion formulas or with reference to an equipment manual. And simultaneously, recording the wind speed and wind direction data acquired in real time by using a data acquisition device or a computer interface.
Step 2, constructing a wind resistance model; the specific expression is as follows:
；
in the method, in the process of the invention,the unit is N, which is air resistance; />Is the air resistance coefficient; />For the mass density of air, 1.226. 1.226 kg/m was taken 3 ；/>Is the projected area of the photovoltaic panel on the cross section, and the unit is m 2 ；/>For the relative speed of air to the photovoltaic panel in m/s, < >>Wherein->To detect the obtained wind speed; />For wind speed->And an included angle between the photovoltaic panel.
Step 3, constructing a solar radiation efficiency model; the specific process is as follows:
s301, calculating the solar altitude angle：
；
Wherein,the latitude is local latitude, and the north latitude is positive; />Is the declination angle of the sun; />Is the solar time angle;
；
wherein ST is the local time;
；
wherein D is the number of days counted from the spring festival as the 0 th day;
s302, calculating the normal direct radiation irradiance DNI with the unit of kW/m 2 DNI refers to the amount of solar radiation energy received per unit time over a unit area of the earth perpendicular to the plane of solar rays, calculated approximately by the following formula:
；
；
；
；
wherein the method comprises the steps ofThe solar constant is 1.366kW/m 2 H is altitude in km.
Step 4, obtaining an objective function according to the model comprehensive weight factors set by the user; the specific process is as follows:
s401, calculating the wind resistance value of the angle of the photovoltaic panel:
；
s402, calculating the radiance of the photovoltaic panel at the sun-facing angle:
；
；
；
；
wherein,，/>for the angle between sunlight and photovoltaic panel, the detected wind speed +.>The included angle between the two models and the photovoltaic panel is complementary with the included angle between the sunlight and the photovoltaic panel, and the weight factors cannot be directly introduced for comparison because the physical meanings of the two models are different, so that the results of the two models are required to be normalized respectively;
s403, normalizing the wind resistance model and the radiance model, wherein the reference value of the wind resistance model takes the maximum bearable resistance of the photovoltaic panel, and the specific expression is as follows:
；
wherein,the maximum bearable resistance of the photovoltaic panel obtained after wind tunnel test is obtained;
the reference value of the radiance model takes the maximum radiance of the sun, and the specific expression is as follows:
；
；
；
；
；
s404, obtaining a final objective function:
；
wherein,a weight factor set for the user; />And->The wind resistance and the radiation angle after normalization; when engineering design or performance evaluation is performed, it is important to comprehensively consider two factors of wind resistance and sunlight. In practical situations, the user can flexibly adjust the weights of the two factors according to the requirements of specific projects and environmental conditions. Therefore, the design and the planning can be more in line with the actual situation by reasonably adjusting the wind resistance and the weight factors of the sunlight, thereby realizing the optimal engineering effect. This flexibility helps ensure that the project will achieve the desired level of performance in a variety of environments.
Step 5, optimizing the comprehensive model, and after the obtained objective function, maximizing the objective function by using a minize function of the scipy library to find the real-time optimal angle of the photovoltaic panel;
and 6, angle adjustment, namely automatically adjusting the angle in real time according to the calculated optimal angle solar photovoltaic panel so as to ensure that the optimal angle solar photovoltaic panel is in an optimal state.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
the wind power generation device has the advantages that when the wind power generation device works, the wind power environment condition of the environment where the whole device is located is known in real time by matching with the wind speed and wind direction meter, the built wind resistance model is matched with the maximum wind pressure which can be borne by the device, the windward area of the device is reduced by matching with the angle of the adjusting system adjusting device, the wind pressure which is borne by the device is changed, the device is prevented from being damaged in the sea wind environment, meanwhile, the built solar radiation efficiency model is utilized, the direction of the photovoltaic bracket is adjusted by matching with the adjusting system of the device, the light receiving area of the photovoltaic panel assembly is increased, the power generation efficiency is improved, and in the practical application process, different weights can be given to the two models according to the installation environment, materials and different use requirements of the device.
In general, the real-time vector angle adjusting function of the device disclosed by the invention is matched with the wind resistance model to calculate and adjust in real time, so that the device is suitable for different environments, the windward area of the device is properly reduced, and the device is ensured not to break due to overlarge wind pressure. The solar radiation efficiency model adopted by the invention can be matched with the adjusting system to adjust the angle of the photovoltaic supporting plate according to the illumination angle, so that the device receives more sunlight, the power generation efficiency of the device is improved, and the power generation stability of the device is improved. The ball bearing scheme adopted by the invention can ensure the flexibility of multidirectional rotation of the photovoltaic bracket, and is convenient for adjusting the angle of the photovoltaic bracket by matching with an adjusting system. The supporting legs adopted by the invention have a certain height, so that the photovoltaic plate assembly is far away from seawater, and the seawater is prevented from corroding the photovoltaic plate assembly, thereby prolonging the service life of the device. Simultaneously, the photovoltaic panel assembly is far away from the sea level, so that air circulation is facilitated, heat dissipation of the photovoltaic panel assembly is facilitated, and damage to the photovoltaic panel assembly due to heat accumulation is avoided.
Therefore, the offshore photovoltaic supporting device and the adjusting method for vector angle adjustment are adopted, the current environment condition is identified through the wind direction and wind speed sensor and the connection with the database, and the angle of the photovoltaic panel is adjusted by considering the illumination angle so as to ensure that the stability of the photovoltaic panel in a wind field is not broken and the power generation efficiency of the device is considered. The invention has various use scenes, can be used for various marine floating structures and can also be used for land, and has wide application prospect.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting it, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical scheme of the invention can be modified or replaced by the same, and the modified technical scheme cannot deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical scheme of the invention.
Claims (4)
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| CN218771932U (en) * | 2022-12-13 | 2023-03-28 | 广西海恒电力科技有限公司 | Distributed photovoltaic power generation assembly |
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| EP2954266A1 (en) * | 2013-02-05 | 2015-12-16 | Helioslite | Tracking photovoltaic solar system, and methods for installing or for using such tracking photovoltaic solar system |
| JP6070376B2 (en) * | 2013-04-03 | 2017-02-01 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | Control device for solar tracking solar power generation system and solar tracking solar power generation system |
| WO2015113445A1 (en) * | 2014-01-30 | 2015-08-06 | 浙江同景新能源集团有限公司 | Improved photovoltaic tracking and control system |
| US11422575B2 (en) * | 2020-06-24 | 2022-08-23 | FCX Solar LLC | Adaptive stow for solar tracker systems |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101345501A (en) * | 2008-09-02 | 2009-01-14 | 中国农业大学 | A photovoltaic power generation device that automatically tracks the orientation of the sun |
| CN102778898A (en) * | 2012-07-24 | 2012-11-14 | 华南理工大学 | Automatic tracking device and method of maximum exposure dose of photovoltaic cell |
| CN218771932U (en) * | 2022-12-13 | 2023-03-28 | 广西海恒电力科技有限公司 | Distributed photovoltaic power generation assembly |
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| Title |
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| 主动式双轴太阳跟踪控制器;刘四洋;伍春生;彭燕昌;许洪华;;可再生能源;20071215(06);全文 * |
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