CN108549416B - Sunlight tracking method and device for photovoltaic panel - Google Patents
Sunlight tracking method and device for photovoltaic panel Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a sunlight tracking method for a photovoltaic panel, which comprises the following steps: obtaining the solar altitude angle alphasAzimuth of the sun AsAnd current photovoltaic panel normal direction azimuth angle AMAnd when the photovoltaic panel is the third type array according to the type of the photovoltaic panel array, the altitude angle alpha is set according to the preset initial normal directionM0Adjusting the sunlight tracking altitude angle alpha in the normal direction of the current photovoltaic panelM＝2 tan‑1[tanαssec(AM‑As)]‑αM0. Therefore, the problem of shadow shielding generated in compact photovoltaic power generation is solved, the overall power generation amount of the compact photovoltaic power generation is improved, and the area occupied by distributed photovoltaic power generation is saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a sunlight tracking technology of a solar photovoltaic panel, in particular to a sunlight tracking method and a sunlight tracking device of a compact array photovoltaic panel.
Background
Solar photovoltaic power generation is one of the most safe, reliable, natural and clean renewable energy sources at present. Due to policy guidance, the supply and demand of the photovoltaic industry are greater in China at present. Therefore, in addition to large-scale photovoltaic power plants in the traditional sense, increasing distributed photovoltaic power generation is an important means to pull internal demand. In applications where distributed photovoltaics are combined with other functional structures (e.g., buildings, etc.), the arrangement of photovoltaic panels is very different from that of traditional photovoltaic power plants. Traditional photovoltaic power plants are generally built in remote areas or suburbs where the lighting conditions are good and the land area is large, whereas the available installation area is limited compared to compact distributed photovoltaic. It follows that a compact arrangement of photovoltaic panels can generate more electricity in a limited area.
However, the photovoltaic panel used in the conventional photovoltaic power generation is formed by connecting a plurality of photovoltaic cells in series and parallel, and the specific number and connection mode of the photovoltaic cells are different according to the product. However, when one battery in the series circuit is shaded by a shadow, the current of the whole loop is subjected to toggle, so that the photovoltaic power generation capacity is seriously influenced.
Therefore, in order to alleviate the influence caused by shadow shielding, a series circuit is connected with a plurality of bypass diodes in parallel in a photovoltaic panel. Although the bypass diode can reduce the influence of the shadow on the power generation to a certain extent, the shadow still causes the reduction of the photovoltaic power generation. Therefore, in the design and construction of the traditional photovoltaic power station, the optimal distance between the front and rear rows of photovoltaic panels can be calculated according to the local annual solar altitude condition, so that the influence of shadow shielding of the photovoltaic panels on the power generation amount is reduced to the maximum extent.
However, the area of a scene using the compact array photovoltaic power generation is limited, and the distance between the front and rear photovoltaic panels is not allowed to be too large, so how to optimize the sunlight tracking angle of the photovoltaic panels to reduce the shadow occlusion is one of the main problems hindering the technical development in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a sunlight tracking method for a photovoltaic panel, which aims to solve the problem of shadow shielding generated in power generation of the photovoltaic panel with a compact array, so that the overall power generation capacity of the photovoltaic panel with the compact array is improved.
In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a photovoltaic panel sunlight tracking method, the method comprising: obtaining the solar altitude angle alphasAzimuth of the sun AsAnd current photovoltaic panel normal direction azimuth angle AMAnd according to the type of the photovoltaic panel array, when the photovoltaic panel is the first type of array, the altitude angle alpha is set according to the preset initial normal directionM0Adjusting the sunlight tracking altitude angle alpha in the normal direction of the current photovoltaic panelM＝2tan-1[tanαssec(AM-As)]。
Preferably, when the photovoltaic panel array type is the first type array, the preset initial normal direction elevation angle αM0Is 0 deg..
In order to achieve the above object, according to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a photovoltaic panel sunlight tracking method, including: obtaining the solar altitude angle alphasAzimuth of the sun AsAnd current photovoltaic panel normal direction azimuth angle AMAnd when the photovoltaic panel is the second type array according to the type of the photovoltaic panel array, the altitude angle alpha is set according to the preset initial normal directionM0Adjusting sunlight tracking elevation angle in normal direction of current photovoltaic panel
Preferably, when the photovoltaic panel array type is the second type array, the preset initial normal direction elevation angle αM0Is 90 deg..
In order to achieve the above object, according to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a photovoltaic panel sunlight tracking method, including: obtaining the solar altitude angle alphasAzimuth of the sun AsAnd current photovoltaic panel normal direction azimuth angle AMAnd when the photovoltaic panel is the third type array according to the type of the photovoltaic panel array, the altitude angle alpha is set according to the preset initial normal directionM0Adjusting the sunlight tracking altitude angle alpha in the normal direction of the current photovoltaic panelM＝2tan-1[tanαssec(AM-As)]-αM0。
Preferably, when the photovoltaic panel array type is the third type array, the preset initial normal direction elevation angle αM0Is greater than 0 DEG and less than 90 deg.
In order to achieve the above object, according to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a photovoltaic panel solar tracking apparatus, including: the detection device, the processing device and the adjusting device, wherein the processing device stores the sunlight tracking method of the photovoltaic panel, and the detection device acquires the solar altitude angle alpha at the position of the current photovoltaic panelsAzimuth of the sun AsCurrent photovoltaic panel normal direction azimuth angle aMAnd transmitting the photovoltaic panel array type data information to the processing device, and issuing an adjustment command to the adjustment device after calculation to adjust the sunlight tracking height angle alpha in the normal direction of the photovoltaic panelMIs a calculated value.
Preferably, the detection device comprises: positioning device, time device, preprocessing device, wherein the preprocessing deviceThe management device acquires longitude and latitude data of the current position acquired by the positioning device and local time and date data given by the time device, and the solar altitude angle alpha of the current position of the photovoltaic panel is obtained after calculationsAzimuth of the sun As。
Preferably, the detection device further comprises: an azimuth sensor for obtaining the azimuth angle A of the current photovoltaic panel in the normal directionM。
To achieve the above object, according to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a machine-readable storage medium having stored thereon instructions for enabling a machine to execute the photovoltaic panel daylight tracking method of the present invention.
The sunlight tracking method and the sunlight tracking device for the photovoltaic panel can well solve the problem of shadow shielding generated in compact photovoltaic power generation, so that the overall power generation amount of the compact photovoltaic power generation is improved, and the area occupied by distributed photovoltaic power generation is saved. Meanwhile, the sunlight tracking method and the sunlight tracking device for the photovoltaic panel can better generate soft incident light and can provide comfortable and mild light environment for functional building structures.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic spatial view of the parameters of the solar tracking method of a photovoltaic panel of the present invention with respect to the operation of the sun;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a first type of photovoltaic panel array configuration in a solar tracking method for photovoltaic panels according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a second type of photovoltaic panel array architecture in the solar tracking method of photovoltaic panels according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of a third type of photovoltaic panel array architecture in the solar tracking method of photovoltaic panels according to the invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the solar tracking device for photovoltaic panels of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
a compact array photovoltaic panel 1; a photovoltaic panel illumination surface 11; a photovoltaic panel 12; a photovoltaic panel solar tracking device 2; a processing device 21; an orientation sensor 22; a detection device 23; the adjustment device 24.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present invention and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," as well as any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.
It should be noted that the compact array photovoltaic panel 1 of the present invention is in an array form similar to that shown in fig. 2 to 4, and the photovoltaic panels 12 do not overlap with each other, but may have a certain slope to meet the requirement of being disposed on base surfaces with different slopes, so the compact array photovoltaic panel 1 is mostly used in combination with functional building structures, such as large-area glass windows (vertical), roof skylights (horizontal), greenhouse glass roofs (inclined surfaces), and the like. Therefore, the photovoltaic power generation and the indoor lighting are both considered. Therefore, by the optimization method, the sunlight tracking angle of the photovoltaic panel 12 can also increase indoor lighting uniformity, reduce direct incidence of strong sunlight, and provide a good sun-shading effect for the indoor.
Meanwhile, the difference between the compact array solar photovoltaic panel and the traditional photovoltaic power generation is that the compact array photovoltaic panel 1 often causes mutual shielding between the photovoltaic panels in the process of tracking the sun, so that the incident power of sunlight is reduced, and meanwhile, the shadow shielding also reduces the photovoltaic power generation amount. The optimized sunlight tracking method considers the shadow shielding problem of the compact solar photovoltaic power generation, and calculation shows that the compact photovoltaic annual power generation amount is improved by more than 20% by using the optimized sunlight tracking method provided by the invention compared with the traditional method.
In addition, it should be noted that the sunlight tracking method and apparatus for photovoltaic panel disclosed in the present invention aim to reduce shadow occlusion as much as possible without affecting the total sunlight incident power of the compact array photovoltaic panel 1, that is, the purpose of tracking sunlight by the photovoltaic panel of the present invention is not to obtain maximum irradiance, but to obtain maximum photovoltaic output power.
Therefore, referring to fig. 1, in order to solve the above problem, the solar altitude α is first defined according to the sunlight tracking method of the photovoltaic panel of the present inventionsAzimuth of the sun AsElevation angle alpha in normal direction of photovoltaic panel 12MNormal direction azimuth A of photovoltaic panel 12M. The array types of the photovoltaic panels 12 of the present invention are then classified (e.g., vertical, horizontal, and oblique), and the initial mounting surface of each of the different array types of the photovoltaic panels 12 is defined as the initial position of the photovoltaic panel 12, i.e., the initial elevation angle α of the photovoltaic panel 12 in the normal directionM0。
When the array type of the photovoltaic panel 12 is the first type, i.e. the vertical plane type, please refer to fig. 2, when the solar altitude angle α is obtainedsAzimuth of the sun AsAnd the current normal direction azimuth angle A of the photovoltaic panel 12MThen, according to the first type of array of the photovoltaic panel 12, the initial normal direction elevation angle α of the photovoltaic panel 12 is presetM0Is 0 DEG, and calculates alphaM＝2tan-1[tanαssec(AM-As)]And adjusting the sunlight tracking height angle alpha of the current photovoltaic panel 12 in the normal direction according to the calculation value of the formulaMThe adjustment according to the optimal daylight tracking elevation angle at the moment in the geographical position of the photovoltaic panel 12 of the current type of array is achieved and the shading shadow of the photovoltaic panels 12 overlapping each other is eliminated on the first type of array.
When the array type of the photovoltaic panel 12 is a second array type, i.e. a horizontal type, please refer to fig. 3, when the solar altitude angle α is obtainedsAzimuth of the sun AsAnd the current normal direction azimuth angle A of the photovoltaic panel 12MThen, according to the second type of array of the photovoltaic panel 12, the initial normal direction elevation angle α of the photovoltaic panel 12 is presetM0Is 90 deg. and calculates
The sunlight tracking height angle alpha of the current photovoltaic panel 12 in the normal direction is adjusted according to the calculation value of the formulaMThe adjustment according to the optimal daylight tracking elevation angle at the moment in the geographical position of the photovoltaic panel 12 of the current type of array is achieved, and the occlusion shadows where the photovoltaic panels 12 overlap each other are eliminated on the second type of array.
When the array type of the photovoltaic panel 12 is the third type, i.e. the inclined plane type, please refer to fig. 4, when the solar altitude angle α is obtainedsAzimuth of the sun AsAnd the current normal direction azimuth angle A of the photovoltaic panel 12MThen, according to the third type of array of the photovoltaic panel 12, the initial normal direction elevation angle α of the photovoltaic panel 12 is presetM0Is between 0 ° and 90 ° to meet the requirements of different slope settings, the user can take values according to the angle of the actual base surface, and the embodiment in fig. 4 illustrates the value of 30 ° as an example, so as to calculate
To be calculated according to the formulaCalculating value to adjust sunlight tracking altitude angle alpha of current photovoltaic panel 12 normal directionMThe adjustment according to the optimal daylight tracking elevation angle at the moment in the geographical position of the photovoltaic panel 12 of the current type of array is achieved, and the occlusion shadows where the photovoltaic panels 12 overlap each other are eliminated on the third type of array.
The following inventors provide a set of actual test data and exemplify three different array types, of which the third type is an array type with an elevation angle α in the initial normal directionM0Preferably 30 degrees, for example.
In addition, in order to prove the advancement of the invention, the inventor selects 9 cities in the world, and calculates the annual unit area power generation amount of the sunlight tracking method and the traditional method by using MATLAB Simulink simulation by using the actual meteorological data recorded by monitoring. The result shows that the method provided by the invention can improve the annual energy production by more than 20%.
Therefore, according to the three calculation formulas, the requirement that the compact array photovoltaic panel 1 of different types can adjust the sunlight tracking altitude angle alpha can be metMTherefore, shadow shielding among the photovoltaic panels is reduced while sunlight is tracked, and the photovoltaic panels of various compact arrays adopting the method can achieve the optimal photovoltaic output power. And strong direct sunlight is reduced, and a soft lighting environment is provided for the indoor space of the photovoltaic panel adjusted by the algorithm.
It is worth mentioning that, in order to achieve the above-mentioned adjustment function of the photovoltaic panel 12, in another aspect of the invention,there is also provided a photovoltaic panel solar tracking apparatus 2, please refer to fig. 5, which comprises: the detection device 23, the processing device 21 and the adjusting device 24, wherein the processing device 21 stores the sunlight tracking method of the photovoltaic panel, and the detection device 23 comprises: a positioning device, a time device and a preprocessing device 21, wherein the preprocessing device 21 obtains the longitude and latitude data of the current position collected by the positioning device and the local time and date data given by the time device, and obtains the solar altitude angle alpha of the current position of the photovoltaic panel 12 after calculationsAzimuth of the sun As。
And the current photovoltaic panel 12 normal direction azimuth angle A as requiredMThe data information of the array type of the photovoltaic panel 12 can be identified by a sensor, or preset in an array photovoltaic panel product, or manually input by other methods or preset in the device for selection, and the invention is not limited, therefore, the data information can be transmitted to the processing device 21 after being obtained, and an adjusting command is issued to the adjusting device 24 after calculation, so that the adjusting device can adjust the sunlight tracking height angle alpha of the normal direction of the carried photovoltaic panel 12MIs a calculated value.
Furthermore, the above-mentioned sun position (α) should also be understood by a person skilled in the artsAnd As) The obtaining method at least comprises the following steps: on the premise of knowing the local longitude and latitude and the time, the method is directly obtained by calculation by using the existing formula algorithm; or by real-time measurement from existing sensors. The rotation of the photovoltaic panel 12 can be adjusted by motor driving or other prior art. The rotation angle of the motor can be calculated in a microprocessor according to the sunlight tracking height angle formula. Meanwhile, the photovoltaic panel 12 of the present invention is not limited to a photovoltaic panel generally commercially available, but also includes a customized photovoltaic module formed by connecting photovoltaic cells.
Thus, based on the above illustration, one skilled in the art can understand that the above parameters can be obtained according to the above technical descriptionThe solar tracking height angle α of the photovoltaic panel is obtained by other prior art methods, which are not limited herein, as long as the above data is collected and then the solar tracking height angle α of the photovoltaic panel is obtained by the algorithm or hardware combination disclosed by the present inventionMAll such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of this disclosure.
Therefore, compared with the traditional large photovoltaic power station, the compact array photovoltaic power generation structure has the advantages that the compact array photovoltaic power generation structure is directly combined with a functional building structure, the generated energy does not need to be transmitted remotely, the generated energy can be consumed locally, and the loss caused in the transmission and conversion processes is reduced. Meanwhile, on the same area, the compact array photovoltaic power generation structure with the dynamic adjustment can be provided with more photovoltaic panels than the traditional fixed photovoltaic power generation structure, so that sunlight is utilized more fully, and more generated energy is generated. Compared with the situation that a compact array photovoltaic power generation structure with dynamic adjustment is not installed, the device and the method can provide electric energy for a building, can transmit soft natural light inwards, reduce energy consumption caused by artificial illumination and reduce negative effects caused by direct sunlight.
Further in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a machine-readable storage medium having stored thereon instructions for enabling a machine to perform the photovoltaic panel solar tracking method of the present invention.
Therefore, those skilled in the art can understand that all or part of the steps in the method according to the above embodiments may be implemented by a program to instruct related hardware, where the program is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to enable a single chip, a chip, or a processor (processor) to execute all or part of the steps in the method according to the embodiments of the present application. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and other various media capable of storing program codes.
Furthermore, the preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are intended to be illustrative only. The preferred embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention. Any combination of the various embodiments of the present invention can be made without departing from the spirit of the embodiments of the present invention, and the same shall be considered as the disclosure of the embodiments of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is limited only by the appended claims and their full scope and equivalents, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A photovoltaic panel solar tracking method, characterized in that the method comprises: obtaining the solar altitude angle alphasAzimuth of the sun AsAnd current photovoltaic panel normal direction azimuth angle AMAnd when the photovoltaic panel is the first type array according to the type of the photovoltaic panel array, the altitude angle alpha is set according to the preset initial normal directionM0Adjusting the sunlight tracking altitude angle alpha in the normal direction of the current photovoltaic panelM＝2tan-1[tanαs sec(AM-As)]Wherein the preset initial normal direction elevation angle αM0Is 0 deg..
2. A photovoltaic panel solar tracking method, characterized in that the method comprises: obtaining the solar altitude angle alphasAzimuth of the sun AsAnd current photovoltaic panel normal direction azimuth angle AMAnd when the photovoltaic panel is the second type array according to the type of the photovoltaic panel array, the altitude angle alpha is set according to the preset initial normal directionM0Adjusting eye tracking elevation angle in normal direction of current photovoltaic panel
Wherein the preset initial normal direction elevation angle alphaM0Is 90.
3. A photovoltaic panel solar tracking method, characterized in that the method comprises: obtaining the solar altitude angle alphasAzimuth of the sun AsAnd current photovoltaic panel normal direction azimuth angle AMAnd when the photovoltaic panel is the third type array according to the type of the photovoltaic panel array, the altitude angle alpha is set according to the preset initial normal directionM0Adjusting the sunlight tracking altitude angle alpha in the normal direction of the current photovoltaic panelM＝2tan-1[tanαs sec(AM-As)]-αM0Wherein the preset initial normal direction elevation angle αM0Is greater than 0 DEG and less than 90 deg.
4. A photovoltaic panel solar tracking apparatus, comprising: detection device, processing device and adjustment device, wherein the processing device stores the sunlight tracking method of the photovoltaic panel as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, and the detection device obtains the solar altitude angle alpha at the position of the current photovoltaic panelsAzimuth of the sun AsCurrent photovoltaic panel normal direction azimuth angle aMAnd transmitting the photovoltaic panel array type data information to the processing device, and issuing an adjustment command to the adjusting device after calculation so as to adjust the sunlight tracking height angle alpha in the normal direction of the photovoltaic panelMIs a calculated value.
5. Solar tracking device according to claim 4, characterized in that said detection means comprise: the device comprises a positioning device, a time device and a preprocessing device, wherein the preprocessing device acquires longitude and latitude data of the current position acquired by the positioning device and local time and date data given by the time device, and the data are calculated to acquire a solar altitude angle alpha of the current photovoltaic panel at the positionsAzimuth of the sun As。
6. Solar tracking device according to claim 5, characterized in that said detection means further comprise: orientation sensorTo obtain the current normal direction azimuth angle A of the photovoltaic panelM。
7. A machine-readable storage medium having stored thereon instructions for causing a machine to perform the photovoltaic panel daylight tracking method of any of claims 1-3.
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