CN117532326B - A circlip installation mechanism - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a retaining ring installation mechanism, which guides the retaining ring to be assembled into the retaining ring groove of the loading plate through the loading guide column, and pushes the retaining ring in the retaining ring groove of the loading plate to the top of the installation guide column through the loading cylinder, so that the retaining ring falls from the bottom of the retaining ring groove and is sleeved on the installation guide column, thereby completing the loading process of the retaining ring; the transfer slide block is pushed by the transfer cylinder to move along the horizontal slide rail, and the installation guide column and the retaining ring are pushed to the assembly station, and the pressing cylinder pushes the positioning shaft from top to bottom onto the installation guide column below, and pushes the retaining ring to be assembled from top to bottom along the installation guide column until it falls from the bottom to the retaining ring installation structure below, thereby completing the assembly of the retaining ring to be assembled; the loading, transfer and assembly in the whole process do not require manual operation, which greatly improves the assembly efficiency.

Description

A circlip installation mechanism

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of clip spring installation, in particular to a clip spring installation mechanism.

Background technique

The retaining spring a shown in FIG1 is a connection and fastening structure used in many places in the wheel hub clutch, which includes: an elastic annular non-enclosed retaining spring body a1, and an opening a2 is set on the retaining spring body a1. When installing, the retaining spring needs to be installed in the corresponding retaining spring groove or other related structures on the wheel hub clutch. Because the retaining spring is small in size, and it needs to be expanded from the inner diameter to the outside and then clamped into the retaining spring groove during installation, most of the existing technologies use auxiliary tools and manual installation, and the overall assembly efficiency is low.

Summary of the invention

In order to solve the problem of low working efficiency in manually installing retaining springs using auxiliary tools in the prior art, the present invention provides a retaining spring installation mechanism, which can reduce manual participation and greatly improve installation efficiency.

The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: a retaining spring installation mechanism, characterized in that it comprises: a feeding structure and an assembly structure, wherein the feeding structure is arranged at the feeding station, and the assembly structure is arranged at the assembly station, characterized in that it also comprises: a transfer structure; the transfer structure is arranged between the feeding station and the assembly station;

The feeding structure comprises: a vibrating plate, a guide column for feeding, a feeding plate, a feeding cylinder and a bottom plate;

The feeding cylinder, the bottom plate and the feeding plate are arranged horizontally; the bottom plate is fixed to the feeding station by a bracket; the feeding plate is arranged on the bottom plate; the feeding guide column is arranged vertically above the bottom plate and the feeding plate;

The guide column for feeding includes: an introduction head which is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom and a cylindrical rod body, a raised guide rib is arranged on the rod body along the length direction, the size of the guide rib is adapted to the bayonet on the retaining spring, and the diameter of the guide column for feeding is smaller than the inner diameter of the retaining spring; the introduction head of the guide column for feeding is connected to the vibration plate through a guide pipe;

The feeding plate comprises: a plate body and two through slots arranged at both ends of the plate body: a retaining ring slot and a T-slot; the shape of the retaining ring slot is adapted to the shape and size of the retaining ring to be assembled; the T-slot is connected to the output end of the feeding cylinder, and after the feeding cylinder is started, the stroke of the retaining ring slot passes through the vertical projection of the feeding guide column on the bottom plate; the opening direction of the retaining ring in the retaining ring slot is consistent with the direction of the guide rib of the feeding guide column;

The transfer structure comprises: a transfer cylinder, a horizontal slide rail, a mounting plate structure and a transfer slide block;

One end of the horizontal slide rail is connected to the loading station, and the other end is connected to the assembly station; the top height of the mounting plate structure is adapted to the height of the bottom end surface of the loading plate, and is arranged below the plane where the loading plate is located;

The mounting plate structure comprises: a connecting plate and a vertically arranged guide column for mounting, wherein the guide column for mounting is connected to the connecting plate via a guide rib; the guide column for mounting is arranged below one end of the feeding cylinder away from the stroke of the retaining spring groove; the direction of the guide rib of the guide column for mounting is consistent with the direction of the retaining spring opening in the retaining spring groove; the top diameter of the guide head of the guide column for mounting is smaller than the inner diameter of the retaining spring, and the bottom is adapted to the inner diameter of the retaining spring;

The transfer cylinder is arranged horizontally; the mounting plate structure is slidably mounted on the horizontal slide rail based on the transfer slider, and the transfer slider is connected to the output end of the transfer cylinder;

The assembly structure comprises: a material pressing cylinder and a positioning shaft;

The vertically arranged press cylinder is arranged above the assembly station, and the positioning shaft is arranged at the bottom of the output shaft thereof;

The positioning shaft includes: a barrel-shaped shaft body, the inner cavity diameter of the shaft body is larger than the outer diameter of the installation guide column and smaller than the outer diameter of the retaining ring to be assembled, and the length of the shaft body is larger than the length of the installation guide column; a through groove is provided on the outer wall of the shaft body of the positioning shaft at an angle adapted to the position of the guide rib of the installation guide column along the length direction of the shaft body.

It is further characterized by:

It also includes: an assembly auxiliary structure;

The assembly auxiliary structure includes: a back plate, a guide plate, a buffer spring, a vertical slide rail structure and a spring guide structure;

One side of the back plate is connected to the installation guide column, and the other side is provided with the guide plate;

The spring guide structure is fixedly connected to the transfer slider, a spring guide cavity is arranged in the spring guide structure, the guide plate is movably inserted in the spring guide cavity, the buffer spring is arranged in the spring guide cavity, the top end presses against the guide plate, and the bottom end presses against the bottom end surface of the spring guide cavity;

Both sides of the back plate are respectively connected to the vertical slide rail structure, and the vertical slide rail structure is slidably connected to the transfer slider;

It also includes: a material sensor, wherein the guide column for installation is arranged on a side of the connecting plate away from the feeding cylinder; the material sensor is arranged on a side of the guide column for installation away from the connecting plate;

It also includes: a positioning block, which is fixed above the base plate, with a gap between the two for placing a loading plate, and the height of the gap is adapted to the thickness of the loading plate; a vertical through hole is arranged on the positioning block, and the loading guide column passes through the through hole of the positioning block from top to bottom, the lower end surface of the loading guide column is flush with the lower end surface of the positioning block, and the diameter of the through hole is larger than the outer diameter of the retaining ring to be assembled.

The present invention provides a retaining ring installation mechanism, which guides the retaining ring to be assembled into the retaining ring groove of the loading plate through a loading guide column, and pushes the retaining ring in the retaining ring groove of the loading plate to the top of the installation guide column through the loading cylinder, so that the retaining ring falls from the bottom of the retaining ring groove and is sleeved on the installation guide column, thereby completing the loading process of the retaining ring; the transfer slide block is pushed by the transfer cylinder to move along the horizontal slide rail, and the installation guide column and the retaining ring are pushed to the assembly station, and the pressing cylinder pushes the positioning shaft from top to bottom onto the installation guide column below. Because the inner cavity diameter of the positioning shaft body is larger than the outer diameter of the installation guide shaft and smaller than the outer diameter of the retaining ring to be assembled, the retaining ring to be assembled can be directly pushed from top to bottom along the installation guide column from top to bottom until it falls from the bottom into the retaining ring installation structure below, thereby completing the assembly of the retaining ring to be assembled; the loading, transfer and assembly in the whole process do not require manual operation, which greatly improves the assembly efficiency.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a retaining spring to be assembled;

FIG2 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a retaining spring installation mechanism;

FIG3 is a schematic structural diagram of a front view of a retaining spring installation mechanism;

FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the retaining spring installation mechanism from a top view;

FIG5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the circlip mounting mechanism from the left;

FIG6 is a schematic diagram of the structure after the A in FIG2 is enlarged;

FIG7 is a schematic diagram of the structure after the B in FIG5 is enlarged;

FIG8 is a schematic structural diagram of a guide column for installation;

Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a cross-section taken along the line C-C in Fig. 8;

Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the loading plate;

FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of the positioning shaft.

Detailed ways

As shown in Figures 2 to 11, the present invention includes a retaining spring installation mechanism, which includes: a feeding structure 1, a transfer structure 2 and an assembly structure 3, the feeding structure 1 is arranged at the feeding station, the assembly structure 3 is arranged at the assembly station, and the transfer structure 2 is arranged between the feeding station and the assembly station.

The feeding structure 1 comprises: a vibrating plate 1-1, a guide column 1-3 for feeding, a feeding plate 1-4, a feeding cylinder 1-5 and a bottom plate 1-6.

The feeding cylinder 1-5, the base plate 1-6 and the feeding plate 1-4 are arranged horizontally; the base plate 1-6 is fixed at the feeding station by the bracket 4, and the vibration plate 1-1 is installed above one side of the feeding station based on the vibration plate bracket 4; the feeding plate 1-4 is arranged on the base plate 1-6; the feeding guide column 1-3 is vertically arranged above the base plate 1-6 and the feeding plate 1-4.

As shown in Figures 2 and 5, the vibration plate 1-1 discharges the clips a stored in the plate one by one onto the guide tube 1-2 by vibration, and the clips a are stacked on the guide tube 1-2. A guide column 1-3 for loading is set below the guide tube 1-2, and the clips a slide downward based on their own gravity.

The guide column 1-3 for loading includes: an introduction head which is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom, and a cylindrical rod body. The rod body is provided with raised guide ribs along the length direction. The size of the guide ribs is adapted to the bayonet on the retaining spring. The diameter of the guide column 1-3 for loading is smaller than the inner diameter of the retaining spring a. After the retaining spring a falls into the introduction head, based on the setting of the guide ribs, it is ensured that the retaining spring a can slide down onto the guide column 1-3 for loading with the opening facing the guide ribs under the vibration of the vibration plate 1-1, and the direction of the retaining spring a falling from the vibration plate can be arranged without manual intervention.

As shown in Figure 10, the loading plate 1-4 includes: a plate body 1-41 and two through grooves arranged at both ends of the plate body 1-41: a retaining ring groove 1-42 and a T-slot 1-43; the shape of the retaining ring groove 1-42 is adapted to the shape and size of the retaining ring to be assembled; the T-slot 1-43 is connected to the output end of the loading cylinder 1-5. After the loading cylinder 1-5 is started, the stroke of the retaining ring groove 1-42 passes through the vertical projection of the loading guide column 1-3 on the bottom plate 1-6; the opening direction of the retaining ring in the retaining ring groove 1-42 is consistent with the direction of the guide rib of the loading guide column 1-3, ensuring that the retaining ring can smoothly fall into the retaining ring groove 1-42 at the same angle from the loading guide column 1-3.

As shown in Figures 6 and 7, in order to ensure that the lower end of the guide column 1-3 for loading is not affected by the upper vibration plate, a positioning block 1-7 is set. The positioning block 1-7 is fixed above the bottom plate 1-6, and the loading plate 1-4 is set between the positioning block 1-7 and the bottom plate 1-6, leaving a gap between the two, and the gap is adapted to the thickness of the loading plate 1-4, ensuring that the loading plate 1-4 can slide between the two. A vertical through hole is set on the positioning block 1-7, and the guide column 1-3 for loading passes through the through hole of the positioning block 1-7 from top to bottom, and the lower end face is flush with the lower end face of the positioning block 1-7. The diameter of the through hole is larger than the outer diameter of the retaining spring a, ensuring that the retaining spring a set on the guide column 1-3 for loading can slide down based on its own gravity and fall from the through hole to the bottom. By setting the through hole on the positioning block 1-7, the position of the lower end of the guide column 1-3 for loading is fixed, thereby ensuring that the position where the retaining spring a slides from the guide column 1-3 for loading is fixed.

Referring to Figure 7, in the initial state, the retaining spring groove 1-42 on the loading plate 1-4 is placed below the through hole on the positioning block 1-7 to ensure that the retaining spring a that slides off the loading guide column 1-3 just falls into the retaining spring groove 1-42. When loading is required, the loading cylinder 1-5 is started to push the loading plate 1-4 toward the mounting plate structure 2-3 according to the preset stroke. During the pushing process, the plate body 1-41 blocks the bottom of the through hole on the positioning block 1-7 to prevent the retaining spring a stacked on the loading guide column 1-3 from falling. After the retaining spring a falls, the loading cylinder 1-5 is started in the reverse direction to pull the retaining spring groove 1-42 back to the initial position, and the next retaining spring a falls into the retaining spring groove 1-42.

The transfer structure 2 includes: a transfer cylinder 2-1, a horizontal slide rail 2-2, a mounting plate structure 2-3 and a transfer slide block 2-4;

The horizontal slide rail 2-2 is installed on the bracket 4, one end of which is connected to the loading station and the other end is connected to the assembly station; the top height of the mounting plate structure 2-3 is adapted to the height of the bottom end surface of the loading plate 1-4, and is arranged below the plane where the loading plate 1-4 is located;

The installation guide column 2-31 and the loading guide column 1-3 have the same structure, but slightly different sizes. As shown in Figures 8 and 9, the installation guide column 2-31 is used as an example for explanation. The installation plate structure 2-3 includes: a connecting plate 2-32 and a vertically arranged installation guide column 2-31, and the installation guide column 2-31 is connected to the connecting plate 2-32 through a guide rib 2-33; the top diameter of the guide head of the installation guide column 2-31 is smaller than the inner diameter of the retaining spring a, and the bottom is adapted to the inner diameter of the retaining spring a; through the setting of the guide head, it is ensured that the retaining spring a dropped from the top can be guided and sleeved on the installation guide column 2-31, and the column diameter of the installation guide column 2-31 is adapted to the inner diameter of the retaining spring a, ensuring that the retaining spring a sleeved on the installation guide column 2-31 will be stuck on the column body due to friction in the absence of external force, thereby ensuring that the retaining spring a will not fall due to gravity during the transportation process from the loading station to the assembly station.

During specific installation, the installation guide column 2-31 is set below one end of the loading cylinder 1-5 on the travel of the retaining spring groove 1-42. When the loading cylinder 1-5 pushes the loading plate 1-4, when the retaining spring groove 1-42 reaches the top of the installation guide column 2-31, the retaining spring a in the retaining spring groove 1-42 can just fall onto the installation guide column 2-31. The direction of the guide rib 2-33 of the installation guide column 2-31 is consistent with the direction of the retaining spring opening in the retaining spring groove 1-42, ensuring that the retaining spring will not change its angle during transportation, thereby ensuring that the final installation can be carried out at a preset angle.

The transfer cylinder 2-1 is arranged horizontally; the mounting plate structure 2-3 is slidably mounted on the horizontal slide rail 2-2 based on the transfer slider 2-4, and the transfer slider 2-4 is connected to the output end of the transfer cylinder 2-1. A material sensor 6 is provided in the present application, and the installation guide column 2-31 is arranged on the side of the connecting plate 2-32 away from the feeding cylinder 1-5; the material sensor 6 is arranged on the side of the installation guide column 2-31 away from the connecting plate 2-32. Once the material sensor 6 detects the presence of a retaining ring a on the installation guide column 2-31, a signal is sent to the controller, and the controller notifies the transfer cylinder 2-1 to start. The transfer cylinder 2-1 pushes the transfer slider 2-4 according to the preset stroke, and slides the mounting plate structure 2-3 along the horizontal slide rail 2-2 to the assembly station.

The assembly structure 3 includes: a press cylinder 3-1 and a positioning shaft 3-2. As shown in FIG3 , the press cylinder 3-1 is vertically arranged above the assembly station through a press bracket 3-4, and its output end is connected to the connection block 3-21 through a positioning shaft connecting frame 3-6. The guide shaft 3-5 is movably connected to the press bracket 3-4 based on a linear bearing 3-3, and the bottom end of the guide shaft 3-5 is fixedly connected to the positioning shaft connecting frame 3-6; a guide shaft 3-5 is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the output end of the press cylinder 3-1, ensuring that the output end of the press cylinder 3-1 can stably move in the vertical direction when moving downward, thereby ensuring that the positioning shaft 3-2 arranged at the bottom of the cylinder output shaft can be vertically mounted on the outside of the installation guide column 2-31.

In this embodiment, the retaining ring needs to be installed in the retaining ring installation groove of the hub clutch (not marked in the figure), so the hub clutch is set with the retaining ring installation groove opening upward at an angle directly below the installation guide column 2-31 on the assembly station.

As shown in Figure 11, the positioning shaft 3-2 includes: a connecting block 3-21 and a barrel-shaped shaft body 3-22. The inner cavity diameter of the shaft body 3-22 is larger than the outer diameter of the installation guide column 2-31, and smaller than the outer diameter of the retaining ring to be assembled. The shaft body 3-22 can be mounted on the outer circumference of the installation guide column 2-31 from top to bottom. The bottom end surface of the shaft body 3-22 is pressed on the retaining ring a. The retaining ring a is elastically deformed under the force, and the inner diameter changes with the diameter of the installation guide column 2-31. As the output end of the pressing cylinder 3-1 falls, the positioning shaft 3-2 presses the retaining ring a off the installation guide column 2-31.

The outer wall of the shaft body 3-22 of the positioning shaft 3-2 is provided with an angle corresponding to the position of the guide rib 2-33 of the installation guide column 2-31, and a through groove 3-23 is provided along the length direction of the shaft body 3-22. The through groove 3-23 is an avoidance groove for the guide rib 2-33 on the installation guide column 2-31, and its width is greater than the thickness of the guide rib 2-33. The length of the shaft body 3-22 is greater than the length of the installation guide column 2-31, ensuring that the retaining spring a can be pressed from the top of the installation guide column 2-31 to the bottom, and then fall from the installation guide column 2-31 into the retaining spring installation groove below.

As shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 , the assembly auxiliary structure 2-5 includes: a back plate 2-51, a guide plate 2-52, a buffer spring 2-53, a vertical slide rail structure 2-54 and a spring guide structure 2-55.

One side of the back plate 2-51 is connected to the installation guide column 2-31 and the connecting plate 2-32, and the other side is fixedly connected to the guide plate 2-52; the guide plate 2-52 is perpendicular to the back plate 2-51. One side of the spring guide structure 2-55 is fixedly connected to the transfer slider 2-4, and a spring guide cavity 2-56 is provided in the spring guide structure 2-55. The guide plate 2-52 is movably inserted in the spring guide cavity 2-56. The buffer spring 2-53 is vertically provided in the spring guide cavity 2-56, and the top end presses against the guide plate 2-52, and the bottom end presses against the bottom end surface of the spring guide cavity 2-56. The two sides of the back plate 2-51 are respectively connected to the vertical slide rail structure 2-54, and the vertical slide rail structure 2-54 is slidably connected to the transfer slider 2-4 away from the side of the horizontal slide rail 2-2.

When the positioning shaft 3-2 pushes the spring a from the installation guide column 2-31 from top to bottom, the installation guide column 2-31 is subjected to friction from top to bottom, and the guide plate 2-52 presses the buffer spring 2-53 downward in the spring guide cavity 2-56. The vertical slide rail structure 2-54 connected on both sides of the back plate 2-51 is forced to slide downward, and the lower end of the installation guide column 2-31 will move downward and dock with the spring installation groove below to ensure that the spring a can smoothly fall into the spring installation groove. The setting of the buffer spring 2-53 plays a buffering role on the downward force received by the installation guide column 2-31, extending the service life of the installation guide column 2-31. At the same time, after the press cylinder 3-1 completely pushes the spring a from the installation guide column 2-31 with a preset stroke, the press cylinder 3-1 starts in the reverse direction to take the positioning shaft 3-2 away from the installation guide column 2-31. At this time, the guide plate 2-52 is pushed back to its original position by the reverse elastic force of the buffer spring 2-53, thereby pushing the installation guide column 2-31 back to its original position.

After using the technical solution of the present invention, in the preparation state, the vibration plate 1-1 starts, and guides the to-be-assembled retaining ring a to the retaining ring groove 1-42 on the loading plate 1-4 based on the loading guide column 1-3. When loading is required, the loading cylinder 1-5 receives a command and moves the loading plate 1-4 toward the mounting plate structure 2-3 according to a preset stroke. When the retaining ring a in the retaining ring groove 1-42 falls onto the installation guide column 2-31, the loading cylinder 1-5 stops reverse start and returns to the initial state; the material sensor 6 detects the presence of retaining ring a on the installation guide column 2-31, and sends a signal to the controller, which notifies the transfer cylinder 2-1 to start. The transfer cylinder 2-1 pushes the transfer slider 2-4 according to the preset stroke, and slides the mounting plate structure 2-3 along the horizontal slide rail 2-2 to the assembly station. After the pressing cylinder 3-1 is completely pushed down from the installation guide column 2-31 according to the preset stroke retaining spring a to complete the loading, the pressing cylinder 3-1 starts in the reverse direction to take the positioning shaft 3-2 away from the installation guide column 2-31 and return to the initial position; the pressing cylinder 3-1 starts in the reverse direction and returns to the loading station to complete the loading.

In specific implementation, the vibration plate 1-1, the feeding cylinder 1-5, the transfer cylinder 2-1, the pressing cylinder 3-1 and the material sensor 6 are all electrically connected to the controller (not marked in the figure), and the entire process is automated based on the existing PLC technology, which greatly improves the real-time efficiency of the assembly process.

In the technical solution of the present application, the retaining spring is stretched out by designing the diameter size of the installation guide column 2-31, and then the retaining spring is pushed downward by the positioning shaft 3-2 to complete the action of installing the retaining spring into the retaining spring groove below. The specific diameter of the installation guide column 2-31 is adapted to the diameter of the retaining spring installation part of the retaining spring groove below, and the action of stretching and installing the retaining spring can be completed without manual operation. At the same time, through the design of the assembly auxiliary structure 2-5 and the design of the length of the installation guide column 2-31, when loading, based on the downward push of the press cylinder 3-1, the installation guide column 2-31 extends downward and docks with the following components, so that the retaining spring can be installed in the inwardly concave groove body. The entire process does not require manual alignment equipment, which greatly improves the operating efficiency.

Claims (4)

1. A retaining spring installation mechanism, characterized in that it comprises: a feeding structure and an assembly structure, wherein the feeding structure is arranged at the feeding station, and the assembly structure is arranged at the assembly station, characterized in that it further comprises: a transfer structure; the transfer structure is arranged between the feeding station and the assembly station; The feeding structure comprises: a vibrating plate, a guide column for feeding, a feeding plate, a feeding cylinder and a bottom plate; The feeding cylinder, the bottom plate and the feeding plate are arranged horizontally; the bottom plate is fixed to the feeding station by a bracket; the feeding plate is arranged on the bottom plate; the feeding guide column is arranged vertically above the bottom plate and the feeding plate; The guide column for feeding includes: an introduction head which is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom and a cylindrical rod body, a raised guide rib is arranged on the rod body along the length direction, the size of the guide rib is adapted to the bayonet on the retaining spring, and the diameter of the guide column for feeding is smaller than the inner diameter of the retaining spring; the introduction head of the guide column for feeding is connected to the vibration plate through a guide pipe; The feeding plate comprises: a plate body and a retaining ring groove and a T-slot respectively arranged at both ends of the plate body, wherein the retaining ring groove and the T-slot are both through grooves; the shape of the retaining ring groove is adapted to the shape and size of the retaining ring to be assembled; the T-slot is connected to the output end of the feeding cylinder; after the feeding cylinder is started, the stroke of the retaining ring groove passes through the vertical projection of the feeding guide column on the bottom plate; the opening direction of the retaining ring in the retaining ring groove is consistent with the direction of the guide rib of the feeding guide column; The transfer structure comprises: a transfer cylinder, a horizontal slide rail, a mounting plate structure and a transfer slide block; One end of the horizontal slide rail is connected to the loading station, and the other end is connected to the assembly station; the top height of the mounting plate structure is adapted to the height of the bottom end surface of the loading plate, and is arranged below the plane where the loading plate is located; The mounting plate structure comprises: a connecting plate and a vertically arranged guide column for mounting, wherein the guide column for mounting is connected to the connecting plate via a guide rib; the guide column for mounting is arranged below one end of the feeding cylinder on the stroke of the retaining ring groove; the direction of the guide rib of the guide column for mounting is consistent with the direction of the retaining ring opening in the retaining ring groove; the top diameter of the guide head of the guide column for mounting is smaller than the inner diameter of the retaining ring, and the bottom of the guide column for mounting is adapted to the inner diameter of the retaining ring, so as to ensure that the retaining ring fitted onto the guide column for mounting will be stuck on the column body due to friction in the absence of external force; The transfer cylinder is arranged horizontally; the mounting plate structure is slidably mounted on the horizontal slide rail based on the transfer slider, and the transfer slider is connected to the output end of the transfer cylinder; The assembly structure comprises: a material pressing cylinder and a positioning shaft; The vertically arranged press cylinder is arranged above the assembly station, and the positioning shaft is arranged at the bottom of the output shaft thereof; The positioning shaft includes: a barrel-shaped shaft body, the inner cavity diameter of the shaft body is larger than the outer diameter of the installation guide column and smaller than the outer diameter of the retaining ring to be assembled, and the length of the shaft body is larger than the length of the installation guide column; a through groove is provided on the outer wall of the shaft body of the positioning shaft at an angle adapted to the position of the guide rib of the installation guide column along the length direction of the shaft body. 2. A retaining spring installation mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises: an assembly auxiliary structure; The assembly auxiliary structure includes: a back plate, a guide plate, a buffer spring, a vertical slide rail structure and a spring guide structure; One side of the back plate is connected to the installation guide column, and the other side is provided with the guide plate; The spring guide structure is fixedly connected to the transfer slider, a spring guide cavity is arranged in the spring guide structure, the guide plate is movably inserted in the spring guide cavity, the buffer spring is arranged in the spring guide cavity, the top end presses against the guide plate, and the bottom end presses against the bottom end surface of the spring guide cavity; Both sides of the back plate are respectively connected to the vertical slide rail structure, and the vertical slide rail structure is slidably connected to the transfer slider. 3. According to claim 1, a retaining spring installation mechanism is characterized in that it also includes: a material sensor, the installation guide column is arranged on the side of the connecting plate away from the feeding cylinder; the material sensor is arranged on the side of the installation guide column away from the connecting plate. 4. According to claim 1, a retaining spring installation mechanism is characterized in that it also includes: a positioning block, the positioning block is fixed above the base plate, and a gap is left between the two for placing a loading plate, and the height of the gap is adapted to the thickness of the loading plate; a vertical through hole is arranged on the positioning block, and the loading guide column passes through the through hole of the positioning block from top to bottom, and the lower end surface of the loading guide column is flush with the lower end surface of the positioning block, and the diameter of the through hole is larger than the outer diameter of the retaining spring to be assembled.