CN117403113A - A method for preparing high-strength 7XXX series aluminum alloy - Google Patents
A method for preparing high-strength 7XXX series aluminum alloy Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
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- 229910001008 7075 aluminium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003856 thermoforming Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910018464 Al—Mg—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910018569 Al—Zn—Mg—Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910017706 MgZn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910019018 Mg 2 Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
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Abstract
Description
技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及铝合金板材制造技术领域，更具体地说，涉及一种高强韧7XXX系铝合金的制备方法。The present invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy plate manufacturing, and more specifically, to a preparation method of high-strength 7XXX series aluminum alloy.
背景技术Background technique
近年来，铝合金在航空航天、汽车的轻量化领域应用越来越广泛。为了使用铝合金材料生产更多复杂程度较高的零部件，适用于铝合金板材的成形工艺也不断被改进和丰富。目前，基于铝合金在高温条件下显著提高的成形性能，热成形已经成为国际上研究和应用的热点。高强度7XXX系铝合金拥有比5XXX系和6XXX系更高的轻量化潜能，但其成形性能方面的劣势也更加明显，因此7XXX系铝合金的加工制造主要以热成形为主。In recent years, aluminum alloys have been increasingly used in the lightweight fields of aerospace and automobiles. In order to use aluminum alloy materials to produce more complex parts, the forming processes suitable for aluminum alloy sheets are constantly being improved and enriched. At present, based on the significantly improved formability of aluminum alloys under high temperature conditions, hot forming has become a hot spot in international research and application. High-strength 7XXX series aluminum alloy has higher lightweight potential than 5XXX series and 6XXX series, but its disadvantages in formability are also more obvious. Therefore, the processing and manufacturing of 7XXX series aluminum alloy is mainly based on hot forming.
7XXX系铝合金是一种可热处理强化铝合金。在传统的热成形工艺过程中，将坯料进行一定时间的固溶处理，再将温度降至设定温度进行成形，成形过程结束后进行淬火处理，最后通过时效处理提高强度。该工艺在淬火过程中零件受热不均，极易产生热变形导致成形精度下降。在此基础上，热成形-淬火一体化工艺(solution heat treatment，formingand cold-die quenching，)被提出，该工艺将成形和淬火整合到同一工序中，通过保压淬火的方式大大提高了零件的成形精度，已成为工业生产中应用较为广泛的工艺方法。但该工艺仍然需要进行前期的固溶处理以及后续的人工时效处理，生产周期没有得到明显的缩短。7XXX series aluminum alloy is a heat-treatable strengthened aluminum alloy. In the traditional hot forming process, the blank is subjected to solution treatment for a certain period of time, and then the temperature is lowered to a set temperature for forming. After the forming process is completed, it is quenched, and finally the strength is improved through aging treatment. In this process, parts are heated unevenly during the quenching process, which can easily cause thermal deformation, resulting in reduced forming accuracy. On this basis, hot forming-quenching integrated process (solution heat treatment, forming and cold-die quenching, ) was proposed. This process integrates forming and quenching into the same process, and greatly improves the forming accuracy of parts through holding pressure quenching. It has become a widely used process method in industrial production. However, this process still requires preliminary solid solution treatment and subsequent artificial aging treatment, and the production cycle has not been significantly shortened.
专利文献202011060526.0公开了一种铝合金预强化热冲压成形方法。将铝合金进行固溶+淬火处理获得W态板材，然后进行适当温度和时间的预强化处理，以获得GP区为主的微观组织。将预强化后的坯料加热至200℃附近，经短时间保温后使先前生成的GP区快速转化为亚稳定强化相，然后转移至成形设备进行热冲压，无需再次进行时效处理。由于预强化处理步骤可以在板材供应商处提前进行，因此热冲压成形工序被大大缩短，提高了生产效率。在该成形工艺中，预强化处理需要1–24小时来完成，而且预强化效果与合金的成分与制备工艺息息相关，因此为了提高预强化处理的效果并尽量缩短预强化处理所需的时间，有必要开发相应的铝合金板材及其制备方法，从合金成分和制备工艺入手，改善预强化处理效果，使铝合金的预强化处理能够更高效地完成，从而进一步提升后续热处理或热成形的产品性能和生产效率。Patent document 202011060526.0 discloses an aluminum alloy pre-strengthened hot stamping forming method. The aluminum alloy is solid solutioned and quenched to obtain a W-state plate, and then pre-strengthened at an appropriate temperature and time to obtain a microstructure dominated by the GP zone. The pre-strengthened billet is heated to around 200°C, and after a short period of heat preservation, the previously generated GP zone is quickly converted into a metastable strengthening phase, and then transferred to the forming equipment for hot stamping without the need for aging treatment again. Since the pre-strengthening step can be performed in advance at the sheet supplier, the hot stamping process is greatly shortened and production efficiency is improved. In this forming process, the pre-strengthening treatment takes 1-24 hours to complete, and the pre-strengthening effect is closely related to the composition and preparation process of the alloy. Therefore, in order to improve the effect of the pre-strengthening treatment and minimize the time required for the pre-strengthening treatment, there are It is necessary to develop corresponding aluminum alloy plates and their preparation methods, starting from the alloy composition and preparation process, to improve the pre-strengthening treatment effect, so that the pre-strengthening treatment of aluminum alloy can be completed more efficiently, thereby further improving the product performance of subsequent heat treatment or hot forming and production efficiency.
专利文献CN108300915A公开了一种Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系航空铝合金及其制备方法，通过显著提高合金成分中Zn元素的含量，使材料芯部获得更高的强度；与此同时通过剧烈塑性变形在材料表面形成塑性变形层，形成均一化的固溶态组织，从而实现了铝合金材料芯部性质和表层性质的剥离，同时提高材料的强度和耐局部腐蚀能力。Patent document CN108300915A discloses an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu series aviation aluminum alloy and its preparation method. By significantly increasing the content of Zn element in the alloy composition, the core of the material can obtain higher strength; at the same time, through severe plasticity The deformation forms a plastic deformation layer on the surface of the material, forming a uniform solid solution structure, thereby achieving the peeling off of the core properties and surface properties of the aluminum alloy material, while improving the material's strength and local corrosion resistance.
专利文献CN103757507A公开了一种汽车车身外板用高烤漆硬化铝合金材料及其制备方法，通过成分设计和优化，在Al-Mg-Si系(6XXX系)铝合金基础上增加Zn元素的含量，利用Mg元素可以与Si和Zn同时发生相互作用形成Mg2Si和MgZn2多种强化相，来提高Al-Mg-Si系铝合金的烤漆硬化增量。Patent document CN103757507A discloses a high-paint hardened aluminum alloy material for automobile body outer panels and its preparation method. Through component design and optimization, the content of Zn element is increased on the basis of Al-Mg-Si series (6XXX series) aluminum alloy. Mg element can be used to interact with Si and Zn at the same time to form multiple strengthening phases of Mg 2 Si and MgZn 2 to increase the baking hardening increment of Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明要解决的技术问题在于，提供一种高强韧7XXX系铝合金的制备方法，一方面在制备工艺层面缩短预强化处理的时间，另一方面能够使后续热处理或热成形后的零件获得更好的强化效果，从而进一步提升生产效率和产品性能。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a preparation method of high-strength 7XXX series aluminum alloy, which on the one hand shortens the time of pre-strengthening treatment at the preparation process level, and on the other hand enables parts after subsequent heat treatment or hot forming to obtain better results. Good strengthening effect, thereby further improving production efficiency and product performance.
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：设计一种高强韧7XXX系铝合金的制备方法，7XXX系铝合金中Mg、Zn的含量比范围为Zn/Mg＝1.4–2.8，Mg、Cu的含量比范围为Mg/Cu＝1.5–1.9；The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is to design a preparation method for a high-strength 7XXX series aluminum alloy. The content ratio range of Mg and Zn in the 7XXX series aluminum alloy is Zn/Mg=1.4–2.8, and the content ratio of Mg and Cu in the 7XXX series aluminum alloy is The content ratio range is Mg/Cu=1.5-1.9;
所述高强韧7XXX系铝合金的制备方法包括如下步骤：The preparation method of the high-strength 7XXX series aluminum alloy includes the following steps:
(1)在变频感应熔化炉中进行熔炼，同时辅以旋转电磁搅拌，磁场强度为0.01–1T；(1) Melting is carried out in a variable frequency induction melting furnace, supplemented by rotating electromagnetic stirring, with a magnetic field strength of 0.01–1T;
(2)均匀化处理；(2) Homogenization treatment;
(3)进行至少两道次的热轧；(3) Carry out at least two passes of hot rolling;
(4)进行固溶处理；(4) Perform solid solution treatment;
(5)进行至少一道次的冷轧处理，并控制冷轧变形量为2％–20％；(5) Carry out at least one pass of cold rolling and control the cold rolling deformation to 2%-20%;
(6)进行预强化处理，促使基体中的溶质原子发生富集形成厚度1–2nm，直径为3–10nm的圆片状GPII区；同时控制预强化处理温度为65–95℃，避免生成颗粒第二相；(6) Perform pre-strengthening treatment to promote the enrichment of solute atoms in the matrix to form a disc-shaped GPII region with a thickness of 1–2 nm and a diameter of 3–10 nm; at the same time, control the pre-strengthening treatment temperature to 65–95°C to avoid the generation of particles second phase;
(7)获得中间时效态板材。(7) Obtain intermediate aged plates.
上述方案中，7XXX系铝合金中各元素的质量百分比含量为：Zn：4.9％–8.9％，Mg：1.7％–3.1％，Cu：1.1％–2.9％，Mn≤0.2％，Ti≤0.12％，Si≤0.15％，Fe≤0.29％，其余为Al。In the above scheme, the mass percentage content of each element in the 7XXX series aluminum alloy is: Zn: 4.9%-8.9%, Mg: 1.7%-3.1%, Cu: 1.1%-2.9%, Mn≤0.2%, Ti≤0.12% , Si≤0.15%, Fe≤0.29%, and the rest is Al.
上述方案中，所述颗粒第二相为η′相和η相。In the above scheme, the second phase of the particles is eta' phase and eta phase.
上述方案中，所获得的7XXX系铝合金板材在6个月内进行后续成形或热处理过程。In the above scheme, the obtained 7XXX series aluminum alloy plates undergo subsequent forming or heat treatment processes within 6 months.
本发明机理如下：The mechanism of the present invention is as follows:
对于7XXX系(Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系)铝合金而言，其时效过程中的沉淀析出顺序为：SSS(过饱和固溶体)→GP(Guinier-Preston)区→η′相→η相(MgZn2)。GP区主要是由于基体中Mg原子和Zn原子的偏聚而形成的溶质富集区。η′相主要是在较高温度下时效时由GP区演变而来，它与基体呈半共格关系，是峰时效(T6)态7XXX系铝合金的主要强化相。GP区可分为GPⅠ区和GPⅡ区，GPⅠ区是固溶处理后早期出现的主要析出相，在室温至150℃下均可形成，GPⅡ区一般在高于450℃淬火且高于70℃时效的条件下形成。在本发明中，预强化处理的主要目的是促进合金组织快速生成GPⅡ区，以便作为后续热处理(热成形)工序中η′相的形核核心，使GP区向η′相的转化更高效、更完全地进行，从而在热处理(或热成形)后，在合金组织中形成大量的η′相(或GP区与η′相共存)，从而无需进行额外的长时间人工时效即可获得较高的力学性能。因此对于预强化过程，溶质原子越高效地富集，越有利于GPII区的形成，进而利于后续热处理或热成形工序中GP区向η′相的转变，使零件获得更高的性能。For the 7XXX series (Al-Zn-Mg-Cu series) aluminum alloy, the precipitation sequence during the aging process is: SSS (supersaturated solid solution) → GP (Guinier-Preston) zone → eta phase → eta phase ( MgZn 2 ). The GP zone is mainly a solute-enriched zone formed by the segregation of Mg atoms and Zn atoms in the matrix. The η′ phase mainly evolves from the GP zone during aging at higher temperatures. It has a semi-coherent relationship with the matrix and is the main strengthening phase of the peak aging (T6) state 7XXX series aluminum alloy. The GP zone can be divided into GPⅠ zone and GPⅡ zone. The GPⅠ zone is the main precipitated phase that appears early after solid solution treatment and can be formed at room temperature to 150℃. The GPⅡ zone is generally quenched above 450℃ and aged above 70℃. formed under conditions. In the present invention, the main purpose of the pre-strengthening treatment is to promote the rapid formation of GPⅡ zone in the alloy structure, so as to serve as the nucleation core of the η′ phase in the subsequent heat treatment (hot forming) process, making the transformation of the GP zone into the η′ phase more efficient and It is carried out more completely, so that after heat treatment (or hot forming), a large amount of eta' phase (or GP zone and eta' phase coexist) is formed in the alloy structure, so that higher quality can be obtained without additional long-term artificial aging. mechanical properties. Therefore, for the pre-strengthening process, the more efficiently the solute atoms are enriched, the more conducive it is to the formation of the GPII region, which in turn is conducive to the transformation of the GP region to the eta' phase in the subsequent heat treatment or hot forming process, so that the parts can obtain higher performance.
鉴于此，本发明提供一种高强韧7XXX系铝合金及其制备方法，其原理是，将材料化学成分中Mg元素和Zn元素的含量进行限定，同时，Mg、Zn的含量比范围为Zn/Mg＝1.4–2.8，Mg、Cu的含量比范围为Mg/Cu＝1.5–1.9，使Mg原子和Zn原子更容易地发生富集，形成GPII区；同时，Cu元素的存在，一方面有利于改善合金的沿晶腐蚀性能，另一方面加速高温时效过程中沉淀相的析出过程。在熔炼过程中进行旋转电磁搅拌，以及预强化处理之前冷轧变形量的引入，可以促进GP区的析出，从而提高预强化效率，缩短热处理时间。但同时，预强化的目的是形成大量的GPII区作为η′相的形核核心，而非直接形成颗粒第二相(η′相和η相)。因此需要控制预强化处理参数，将预强化温度控制在95℃以下。In view of this, the present invention provides a high-strength and tough 7XXX series aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof. The principle is to limit the content of Mg element and Zn element in the chemical composition of the material. At the same time, the content ratio range of Mg and Zn is Zn/ Mg=1.4-2.8, the content ratio of Mg and Cu is in the range of Mg/Cu=1.5-1.9, which makes it easier for Mg atoms and Zn atoms to be enriched to form the GPII region; at the same time, the existence of Cu element is beneficial to It improves the intergranular corrosion performance of the alloy, and on the other hand accelerates the precipitation process of the precipitated phase during high temperature aging. Rotary electromagnetic stirring during the smelting process and the introduction of cold rolling deformation before pre-strengthening treatment can promote the precipitation of the GP zone, thereby improving the pre-strengthening efficiency and shortening the heat treatment time. But at the same time, the purpose of pre-strengthening is to form a large number of GPII regions as the nucleation core of the eta' phase, rather than directly forming the second phase of particles (eta' phase and eta phase). Therefore, it is necessary to control the pre-strengthening treatment parameters and control the pre-strengthening temperature below 95°C.
实施本发明所述高强韧7XXX系铝合金的制备方法，具有以下有益效果：Implementing the preparation method of the high-strength and tough 7XXX series aluminum alloy of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1)限定7XXX系铝合金板材的元素含量及组成比例，使形成7XXX系铝合金强化相的Mg原子和Zn原子在预强化处理过程中更加高效地富集，形成GPII区，一方面提高预强化处理的效率，缩短预强化处理时间，从而缩短铝合金坯料的生产周期，另一方面有利于溶质原子更加充分地富集并向颗粒强化相转化，促进合金的沉淀强化效果，提高后续热处理(热成形)后的零件性能。(1) Limit the element content and composition ratio of the 7XXX series aluminum alloy sheet so that the Mg atoms and Zn atoms that form the strengthening phase of the 7XXX series aluminum alloy are more efficiently enriched during the pre-strengthening process to form the GPII zone. On the one hand, it improves the pre-strengthening process. The efficiency of strengthening treatment shortens the pre-strengthening treatment time, thereby shortening the production cycle of aluminum alloy billets. On the other hand, it helps the solute atoms to be more fully enriched and transformed into particle strengthening phases, promotes the precipitation strengthening effect of the alloy, and improves subsequent heat treatment ( Part performance after hot forming).
(2)从工艺层面提高制备效率。铝合金制备时，在熔炼过程中进行旋转电磁搅拌，并进行多道次的轧制处理，变形量根据需要灵活控制，在保证坯料塑性的前提下，通过冷轧变形形成位错，为溶质的富集和强化相的析出提供更多的形核位置，促进预强化过程。(2) Improve preparation efficiency from the process level. When preparing aluminum alloys, rotating electromagnetic stirring is performed during the smelting process, and multiple passes of rolling are performed. The amount of deformation is flexibly controlled as needed. On the premise of ensuring the plasticity of the billet, dislocations are formed through cold rolling deformation, which is the solute. The precipitation of enriched and strengthened phases provides more nucleation sites and promotes the pre-strengthening process.
(3)对后续热处理(热成形)的生产效率和零件性能进行优化。由于后续的热处理(或热成形)阶段需要将板材加热至200℃附近，在该温度下尺寸较小的GP区会被溶解，而如果预先已经存在颗粒强化相(η′相)，则容易发生粗化和转变。因此在铝合金制备过程中，通过磁场干预和位错引入，一方面提供相变驱动力加速溶质元素的富集，有利于缩短预强化处理所需的时间；另一方面，预强化处理温度控制在95℃以下，避免预强化过程中生成颗粒第二相(η′相和η相)，影响后续零件的性能。(3) Optimize the production efficiency and part performance of subsequent heat treatment (hot forming). Since the subsequent heat treatment (or thermoforming) stage requires the plate to be heated to around 200°C, the smaller GP zone will be dissolved at this temperature, which is likely to occur if the particle strengthening phase (eta' phase) already exists in advance. Coarse and transform. Therefore, during the preparation process of aluminum alloys, magnetic field intervention and dislocation introduction can, on the one hand, provide phase change driving force to accelerate the enrichment of solute elements, which is conducive to shortening the time required for pre-strengthening treatment; on the other hand, the temperature control of pre-strengthening treatment Below 95°C, avoid the generation of particle second phases (eta' phase and eta phase) during the pre-strengthening process, which will affect the performance of subsequent parts.
附图说明Description of the drawings
下面将结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步说明，附图中：The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. In the accompanying drawings:
图1为本发明所述高强韧7XXX系铝合金制备方法的工艺路线图；Figure 1 is a process road map of the preparation method of high-strength and tough 7XXX series aluminum alloy according to the present invention;
图2为本发明所述颗粒第二相微观组织示意图。Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the microstructure of the second phase of particles according to the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了对本发明的技术特征、目的和效果有更加清楚的理解，现对照附图详细说明本发明的具体实施方式。In order to have a clearer understanding of the technical features, purposes and effects of the present invention, the specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
一种高强韧7XXX系铝合金的制备方法，其特征在于，7XXX系铝合金中Mg、Zn的含量比范围为Zn/Mg＝1.4–2.8，Mg、Cu的含量比范围为Mg/Cu＝1.5–1.9；A method for preparing high-strength 7XXX series aluminum alloy, characterized in that the content ratio range of Mg and Zn in the 7XXX series aluminum alloy is Zn/Mg=1.4–2.8, and the content ratio range of Mg and Cu is Mg/Cu=1.5 –1.9;
所述高强韧7XXX系铝合金的制备方法包括如下步骤：The preparation method of the high-strength 7XXX series aluminum alloy includes the following steps:
(1)在变频感应熔化炉中进行熔炼，同时辅以旋转电磁搅拌，磁场强度为0.01–1T；(1) Melting is carried out in a variable frequency induction melting furnace, supplemented by rotating electromagnetic stirring, with a magnetic field strength of 0.01–1T;
(2)均匀化处理；(2) Homogenization treatment;
(3)进行至少两道次的热轧；(3) Carry out at least two passes of hot rolling;
(4)进行固溶处理；(4) Perform solid solution treatment;
(5)进行至少一道次的冷轧处理，并控制冷轧变形量为2％–20％；(5) Carry out at least one pass of cold rolling and control the cold rolling deformation to 2%-20%;
(6)进行预强化处理，促使基体中的溶质原子发生富集形成厚度1–2nm，直径为3–10nm的圆片状GPII区；同时控制预强化处理温度为65–95℃，避免生成颗粒第二相；(6) Perform pre-strengthening treatment to promote the enrichment of solute atoms in the matrix to form a disc-shaped GPII region with a thickness of 1–2 nm and a diameter of 3–10 nm; at the same time, control the pre-strengthening treatment temperature to 65–95°C to avoid the generation of particles second phase;
(7)获得中间时效态板材。(7) Obtain intermediate aged plates.
进一步地，所述7XXX系铝合金中各元素的质量百分比含量为：Zn：4.9％–8.9％，Mg：1.7％–3.1％，Cu：1.1％–2.9％，Mn≤0.2％，Ti≤0.12％，Si≤0.15％，Fe≤0.29％，其余为Al。Further, the mass percentage content of each element in the 7XXX series aluminum alloy is: Zn: 4.9%-8.9%, Mg: 1.7%-3.1%, Cu: 1.1%-2.9%, Mn≤0.2%, Ti≤0.12 %, Si≤0.15%, Fe≤0.29%, and the rest is Al.
进一步地，所述颗粒第二相为η′相和η相。Further, the second phase of the particles is eta' phase and eta phase.
进一步地，所获得的7XXX系铝合金板材在6个月内进行后续成形(热处理)过程。Furthermore, the obtained 7XXX series aluminum alloy plate was subjected to subsequent forming (heat treatment) process within 6 months.
实施例一：Example 1:
根据本发明提供一种高强韧7XXX系铝合金：According to the present invention, a high-strength and tough 7XXX series aluminum alloy is provided:
该铝合金化学成分中元素的质量百分比含量为：Zn：5.33％，Mg：2.87％，Cu：1.61％，Mn：0.087％，Ti：0.031％，Si：0.09％，Fe：0.18％，其余为Al。The mass percentage content of elements in the chemical composition of the aluminum alloy is: Zn: 5.33%, Mg: 2.87%, Cu: 1.61%, Mn: 0.087%, Ti: 0.031%, Si: 0.09%, Fe: 0.18%, and the rest are Al.
该铝合金化学元素中，Mg、Zn的含量比为Zn/Mg＝1.86，Mg、Cu的含量比为Mg/Cu＝1.78。Among the chemical elements of the aluminum alloy, the content ratio of Mg and Zn is Zn/Mg=1.86, and the content ratio of Mg and Cu is Mg/Cu=1.78.
本发明提供一种高强韧7XXX系铝合金板材的制备方法，主要包括如下步骤：The invention provides a method for preparing high-strength and tough 7XXX series aluminum alloy plates, which mainly includes the following steps:
(1)在变频感应熔化炉中进行熔炼，同时辅以旋转电磁搅拌，磁场强度为0.1T；(1) Melting is carried out in a variable frequency induction melting furnace, supplemented by rotating electromagnetic stirring, with a magnetic field strength of 0.1T;
(2)均匀化处理；(2) Homogenization treatment;
(3)第一道次热轧；(3) The first pass of hot rolling;
(4)第二道次热轧，根据需要可继续增加热轧道次及变形量；(4) The second pass of hot rolling, the number of hot rolling passes and the amount of deformation can be increased as needed;
(5)固溶处理；(5) Solid solution treatment;
(6)冷轧，控制冷轧变形量为5％；(6) Cold rolling, control the cold rolling deformation to 5%;
(7)预强化处理，处理温度为65–95℃，预强化处理时间定为3小时。(7) Pre-strengthening treatment, the treatment temperature is 65-95°C, and the pre-strengthening treatment time is set to 3 hours.
本发明所述高强韧7XXX系铝合金及其制备方法，制备所得的铝合金板材，可通过如下工艺步骤成形出铝合金零部件：The high-strength and tough 7XXX series aluminum alloy of the present invention and its preparation method, and the prepared aluminum alloy plate can be formed into aluminum alloy parts through the following process steps:
(8)将坯料加热至180–220℃，保温时间定为5分钟；(8) Heat the billet to 180-220°C, and set the holding time to 5 minutes;
(9)将铝合金板转移至成形模具进行热成形；(9) Transfer the aluminum alloy plate to the forming mold for hot forming;
(10)进行必要的切边、整形等后续工序。(10) Carry out necessary subsequent processes such as trimming and shaping.
实施例二：Example 2:
根据本发明提供一种高强韧7XXX系铝合金：According to the present invention, a high-strength and tough 7XXX series aluminum alloy is provided:
该铝合金化学成分中元素的质量百分比含量为：Zn：6.35％，Mg：2.73％，Cu：1.48％，Mn：0.087％，Ti：0.031％，Si：0.09％，Fe：0.18％，其余为Al。The mass percentage content of elements in the chemical composition of the aluminum alloy is: Zn: 6.35%, Mg: 2.73%, Cu: 1.48%, Mn: 0.087%, Ti: 0.031%, Si: 0.09%, Fe: 0.18%, and the rest are Al.
该铝合金化学元素中，Mg、Zn的含量比为Zn/Mg＝2.33，Mg、Cu的含量比为Mg/Cu＝1.84。Among the chemical elements of the aluminum alloy, the content ratio of Mg and Zn is Zn/Mg=2.33, and the content ratio of Mg and Cu is Mg/Cu=1.84.
本发明提供一种高强韧7xxx系铝合金板材的制备方法，主要包括如下步骤：The invention provides a method for preparing high-strength and tough 7xxx series aluminum alloy plates, which mainly includes the following steps:
(1)在变频感应熔化炉中进行熔炼，同时辅以旋转电磁搅拌，磁场强度为0.5T；(1) Melting is carried out in a variable frequency induction melting furnace, supplemented by rotating electromagnetic stirring, with a magnetic field strength of 0.5T;
(2)均匀化处理；(2) Homogenization treatment;
(3)第一道次热轧；(3) The first pass of hot rolling;
(4)第二道次热轧，根据需要可继续增加热轧道次及变形量；(4) The second pass of hot rolling, the number of hot rolling passes and the amount of deformation can be increased as needed;
(5)冷轧，控制冷轧变形量为10％；(5) Cold rolling, control the cold rolling deformation to 10%;
(6)固溶处理；(6) Solid solution treatment;
(7)预强化处理，处理温度为65–95℃，预强化处理时间定为3小时。(7) Pre-strengthening treatment, the treatment temperature is 65-95°C, and the pre-strengthening treatment time is set to 3 hours.
本发明所述高强韧7XXX系铝合金板材及其制备方法，制备所得的铝合金板材，可通过如下工艺步骤成形出铝合金零部件：The high-strength 7XXX series aluminum alloy plate and its preparation method according to the present invention, the prepared aluminum alloy plate can be formed into aluminum alloy parts through the following process steps:
(8)将坯料加热至180–220℃，保温时间定为5分钟；(8) Heat the billet to 180-220°C, and set the holding time to 5 minutes;
(9)将铝合金板转移至成形模具进行热成形；(9) Transfer the aluminum alloy plate to the forming mold for hot forming;
(10)进行必要的切边、整形等后续工序。(10) Carry out necessary subsequent processes such as trimming and shaping.
实施例三：Embodiment three:
根据本发明提供一种高强韧7XXX系铝合金：According to the present invention, a high-strength and tough 7XXX series aluminum alloy is provided:
该铝合金板材化学成分中元素的质量百分比含量为：Zn：5.67％，Mg：2.27％，Cu：1.47％，Mn：0.087％，Ti：0.031％，Si：0.09％，Fe：0.18％，其余为Al。The mass percentage content of elements in the chemical composition of the aluminum alloy plate is: Zn: 5.67%, Mg: 2.27%, Cu: 1.47%, Mn: 0.087%, Ti: 0.031%, Si: 0.09%, Fe: 0.18%, and the rest for Al.
该铝合金化学元素中，Mg、Zn的含量比为Zn/Mg＝2.5，Mg、Cu的含量比为Mg/Cu＝1.54。Among the chemical elements of the aluminum alloy, the content ratio of Mg and Zn is Zn/Mg=2.5, and the content ratio of Mg and Cu is Mg/Cu=1.54.
本发明提供一种高强韧7XXX系铝合金板材的制备方法，主要包括如下步骤：The invention provides a method for preparing high-strength and tough 7XXX series aluminum alloy plates, which mainly includes the following steps:
(1)在变频感应熔化炉中进行熔炼，同时辅以旋转电磁搅拌，磁场强度为0.5T；(1) Melting is carried out in a variable frequency induction melting furnace, supplemented by rotating electromagnetic stirring, with a magnetic field strength of 0.5T;
(2)均匀化处理；(2) Homogenization treatment;
(3)第一道次热轧；(3) The first pass of hot rolling;
(4)第二道次热轧，根据需要可继续增加热轧道次及变形量；(4) The second pass of hot rolling, the number of hot rolling passes and the amount of deformation can be increased as needed;
(5)冷轧，控制冷轧变形量为5％；(5) Cold rolling, control the cold rolling deformation to 5%;
(6)固溶处理；(6) Solid solution treatment;
(7)预强化处理，处理温度为65–95℃，预强化处理时间定为3小时。(7) Pre-strengthening treatment, the treatment temperature is 65-95°C, and the pre-strengthening treatment time is set to 3 hours.
本发明所述高强韧7XXX系铝合金板材及其制备方法，制备所得的铝合金板材，可通过如下工艺步骤成形出铝合金零部件：The high-strength 7XXX series aluminum alloy plate and its preparation method according to the present invention, the prepared aluminum alloy plate can be formed into aluminum alloy parts through the following process steps:
(8)将坯料加热至180–220℃，保温时间定为5分钟；(8) Heat the billet to 180-220°C, and set the holding time to 5 minutes;
(9)将铝合金板转移至成形模具进行热成形；(9) Transfer the aluminum alloy plate to the forming mold for hot forming;
(10)进行必要的切边、整形等后续工序。(10) Carry out necessary subsequent processes such as trimming and shaping.
对比例一：Comparative Example 1:
采用一种商用7075铝合金板材用于热成形：A commercial 7075 aluminum alloy sheet is used for hot forming:
该铝合金板材化学成分中元素的质量百分比含量为：Zn：5.23％，Mg：2.67％，Cu：1.31％，Mn：0.094％，Ti：0.027％，Si：0.07％，Fe：0.35％，其余为Al。The mass percentage content of elements in the chemical composition of the aluminum alloy sheet is: Zn: 5.23%, Mg: 2.67%, Cu: 1.31%, Mn: 0.094%, Ti: 0.027%, Si: 0.07%, Fe: 0.35%, and the rest For Al.
该商用7075铝合金板材经历如下步骤：The commercial 7075 aluminum alloy plate goes through the following steps:
(1)固溶处理；(1) Solid solution treatment;
(2)预强化处理，处理温度为65–95℃，预强化处理时间定为3小时。(2) Pre-strengthening treatment, the treatment temperature is 65-95°C, and the pre-strengthening treatment time is set to 3 hours.
经过预强化处理后的铝合金板材，通过如下工艺步骤成形出铝合金零部件：After pre-strengthening, aluminum alloy parts are formed into aluminum alloy parts through the following process steps:
(3)将板材加热至180–220℃，保温时间定为5分钟；(3) Heat the plate to 180–220°C and set the holding time to 5 minutes;
(4)将铝合金板转移至成形模具进行热成形；(4) Transfer the aluminum alloy plate to the forming mold for hot forming;
(5)进行必要的切边、整形等后续工序。(5) Carry out necessary subsequent processes such as trimming and shaping.
对比例二：Comparative Example 2:
采用一种商用7075铝合金板材用于热成形：A commercial 7075 aluminum alloy sheet is used for hot forming:
该铝合金板材化学成分中元素的质量百分比含量为：Zn：5.23％，Mg：2.67％，Cu：1.31％，Mn：0.094％，Ti：0.027％，Si：0.07％，Fe：0.35％，其余为Al。The mass percentage content of elements in the chemical composition of the aluminum alloy sheet is: Zn: 5.23%, Mg: 2.67%, Cu: 1.31%, Mn: 0.094%, Ti: 0.027%, Si: 0.07%, Fe: 0.35%, and the rest For Al.
该商用7075铝合金板材经历如下步骤：The commercial 7075 aluminum alloy plate goes through the following steps:
(1)固溶处理；(1) Solid solution treatment;
(2)预强化处理，处理温度为室温–65℃，预强化处理时间定为3小时，由于温度较低，只能形成GPI区或直径小于3nm的GPII区，其热稳定性较差。(2) Pre-strengthening treatment, the treatment temperature is room temperature – 65°C, and the pre-strengthening treatment time is set to 3 hours. Due to the low temperature, only the GPI area or the GPII area with a diameter less than 3 nm can be formed, and its thermal stability is poor.
经过预强化处理后的铝合金板材，通过如下工艺步骤成形出铝合金零部件：After pre-strengthening, aluminum alloy parts are formed into aluminum alloy parts through the following process steps:
(3)将板材加热至180–220℃，保温时间定为5分钟；(3) Heat the plate to 180–220°C and set the holding time to 5 minutes;
(4)将铝合金板转移至成形模具进行热成形；(4) Transfer the aluminum alloy plate to the forming mold for hot forming;
(5)进行必要的切边、整形等后续工序。(5) Carry out necessary subsequent processes such as trimming and shaping.
在上述实施例及对比例中，实施例一至三为采用本发明所述高强韧7XXX系铝合金板材的制备方法进行板材的制备，而对比例一、二则采用商用7075铝合金板材，且采用的预强化热处理工艺与本发明有所差别。对实施例一至三和对比例一、二中所获得的热成形构件进行力学性能测试，其抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率如下表：In the above-mentioned embodiments and comparative examples, Examples 1 to 3 adopt the preparation method of high-strength 7XXX series aluminum alloy plates of the present invention to prepare the plates, while Comparative Examples 1 and 2 use commercial 7075 aluminum alloy plates, and adopt The pre-strengthening heat treatment process is different from that of the present invention. The mechanical properties of the hot-formed components obtained in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were tested. The tensile strength, yield strength and elongation are as follows:
可见采用本发明所提供的高强韧7XXX系铝合金板材的制备方法进行板材制备和成形过程，可以获得更理想的零件性能。It can be seen that by using the preparation method of high-strength 7XXX series aluminum alloy plates provided by the present invention to perform the plate preparation and forming process, more ideal part performance can be obtained.
本发明从合金成分和制备工艺入手，通过合理控制合金的化学成分，尤其是形成7XXX系铝合金强化相的Mg元素和Zn元素的含量及比例，并在熔炼过程中辅以旋转电磁搅拌处理，使材料在预强化过程中溶质原子更加快速、更加充分地发生富集，形成溶质富集区，即热稳定的GPⅡ区，从而使铝合金的预强化处理更高效地完成。这些GPⅡ区在后续的热处理(或热成形)过程中，能够作为η′相的形核核心向η′相转化。本发明一方面能够在工艺层面尽可能地缩短预强化处理的时间，另一方面能够使热成形后的零件形成更佳的强化效果，从而进一步提升热成形工艺的生产效率和产品性能。The present invention starts from the alloy composition and preparation process, and rationally controls the chemical composition of the alloy, especially the content and proportion of the Mg element and the Zn element that form the strengthening phase of the 7XXX series aluminum alloy, and supplements it with rotating electromagnetic stirring during the smelting process. This enables the solute atoms to be enriched more quickly and fully during the pre-strengthening process of the material, forming a solute enrichment zone, that is, a thermally stable GPII zone, so that the pre-strengthening treatment of aluminum alloys can be completed more efficiently. These GPII regions can serve as nucleation cores for the eta' phase and transform into the eta' phase during the subsequent heat treatment (or hot forming) process. On the one hand, the present invention can shorten the pre-strengthening treatment time as much as possible at the process level; on the other hand, it can achieve a better strengthening effect on the parts after thermoforming, thereby further improving the production efficiency and product performance of the thermoforming process.
上面结合附图对本发明的实施例进行了描述，但是本发明并不局限于上述的具体实施方式，上述的具体实施方式仅仅是示意性的，而不是限制性的，本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的启示下，在不脱离本发明宗旨和权利要求所保护的范围情况下，还可做出很多形式，这些均属于本发明的保护之内。The embodiments of the present invention have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementations. The above-mentioned specific implementations are only illustrative and not restrictive. Those of ordinary skill in the art will Under the inspiration of the present invention, many forms can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention and the scope protected by the claims, and these all fall within the protection of the present invention.
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