CN117283289A - Butt-joint assembly method for parts with cylindrical shapes - Google Patents

Abstract

A butt-joint assembly method for parts with cylindrical shapes belongs to the technical field of assembly processes. The method comprises the following steps: placing the lower half assembly parts into the middle sleeve to contact with the piston, and regulating the air pressure control valve to slowly descend the assembly parts by a distance of 15-20mm and then stop; the upper sleeve is sleeved on the upper part of the middle sleeve and is connected with the middle sleeve; the upper half assembly part is placed into the upper sleeve from the top, and is connected through a set screw after the butt joint surfaces of the two assembly parts are contacted; the piston descends to compress the cylindrical helical compression spring, the air pressure control valve is opened to release pressure, and the air pressure control valve is closed after the upper half part of the assembly part completely falls into the upper sleeve; the middle sleeve is rotated forward and backward for one time, the set screws are screwed down according to the intersecting sequence, the butt joint assembly process is completed, the parts are withdrawn, the air pressure control valve is opened for air intake after the upper sleeve is taken down, and the whole device is restored to the initial state. The invention can improve the assembly precision and the assembly efficiency.

Description

A docking and assembly method for components with cylindrical shapes

Technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of assembly technology, and in particular relates to a butt assembly method of components with cylindrical shapes.

Background technique

Currently, the assembly of two parts with cylindrical shapes is achieved by tightening the set screws in the axial direction of the docking plane to achieve docking assembly and meet the docking coaxiality tolerance requirements. In the actual production process, due to the existence of machining errors, if there are no corresponding safeguards or process equipment, the joint surfaces of the two components are prone to radial sliding, resulting in coaxiality deviations between the two assemblies. With the existing process method, after the assembly and docking of parts is completed, the problem of coaxiality deviation often occurs when measuring the coaxiality of two docked assembled parts. Sometimes, even repeated disassembly and re-docking and assembly cannot meet the same requirements. Axial accuracy requirements. Increase the labor intensity of workers and reduce assembly efficiency.

Contents of the invention

In view of the above existing technical problems, the present invention provides a docking and assembly method of components with cylindrical shapes, which can improve assembly accuracy and efficiency.

The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

The present invention is a docking and assembly method for parts with cylindrical shapes, which adopts an assembly device with an inner diameter that matches the cylindrical outer diameter of the parts. The assembly device includes a base, an intermediate sleeve, a piston, and an upper sleeve. cylinder and slewing bearing, the base is provided with a cylindrical body, one end of the built-in piston of the middle sleeve is set on the base cylindrical body, a cylindrical spiral compression spring is set between the base and the piston, and a ventilation hole is provided on the base. A pneumatic control valve is installed on it, and a slewing bearing is connected between the base and the middle sleeve. The inner ring of the slewing bearing is connected to the base, and the outer ring is connected to the middle sleeve. There are equal parts between the middle sleeve and the base cylinder, and between the middle sleeve and the piston. It is a sealing structure. During assembly, the large diameter end of the upper sleeve is placed on the other end of the middle sleeve, and is connected to the middle sleeve through a plurality of spring plungers arranged in the radial direction. The assembly method includes the following steps:

S1. Place the lower half of the assembly parts into the middle sleeve, contact the piston, and adjust the air pressure control valve installed on the base to slowly lower the assembly parts by 15-20mm and then stop;

S2. Put the upper sleeve into the upper part of the middle sleeve. During the falling process, the upper sleeve is stuck in the first groove along the circumference of the middle sleeve through the spring plunger;

S3. Place the upper assembly parts into the upper sleeve from the top, and connect them through the set screws after the butt surfaces of the two assembly parts come into contact;

S4. The piston descends to compress the cylindrical helical compression spring, open the air pressure control valve installed on the base to relieve pressure, make the upper part of the assembly component completely fall into the upper sleeve, and then close the air pressure control valve 4;

S5. Rotate the middle sleeve forward and backward once, and then tighten the set screws in a cross sequence to complete the docking assembly process;

S6. After the docking assembly is completed, rotate the upper sleeve and press down on the upper sleeve. The upper sleeve moves downward so that the corrugated teeth of the upper sleeve are located in the corrugated groove of the middle sleeve, and the upper part of the docking assembly is withdrawn. , take away the docking assembly from the upper part;

S7. After removing the upper sleeve, open the air pressure control valve to inlet air. The compressed cylindrical spiral compression spring pressure releases and rebounds, pushing the piston upward, and the entire device returns to its initial state.

Further, the base has a cylindrical body on a round table, and a second groove for accommodating the slewing bearing is provided on the upper surface of the base round table. A base screw plug is provided on the bottom surface of the cylindrical body, and the lower end surface of the base screw plug is open and sealed. groove, a sealing ring I is installed between the base and the base screw plug for sealing, a cylindrical spiral compression spring is set on the upper part of the base screw plug, two grooves for installing the sealing ring III are provided on the outer peripheral surface of the base cylinder, and the ventilation hole It is located on the side wall of the circular cone of the base.

Further, a sealing ring II is installed between the air pressure control valve and the base.

Furthermore, there is a boss structure for installing an intermediate sleeve between the base cylinder and the truncated cone. The connecting end of the intermediate sleeve and the base has a third groove corresponding to the inner ring of the slewing support.

Further, one end of the intermediate sleeve has a truncated cone structure connected to the base and the slewing bearing, and the other end is an upper cylinder that extends into the upper sleeve and matches the inner diameter of the upper sleeve. There are corrugations along the outer circumference of the upper cylinder. groove, and the connecting end surface of the upper sleeve that matches it has corrugated teeth that match the corrugated groove.

Furthermore, a first groove for installing the spring plunger is formed along the outer circumference of the upper cylinder of the intermediate sleeve. The first groove is a spherical groove that matches the end of the spring plunger.

Further, the groove depth H of the corrugated groove is 30-40mm.

Further, the large end of the bottom of the upper sleeve is evenly provided with a plurality of threaded holes for installing spring plungers in the radial direction, and the end of the spring plunger is placed in the first groove of the intermediate sleeve.

Furthermore, rectangular observation holes are opened below the corrugated groove of the middle sleeve and in the middle part of the upper sleeve.

Further, the upper end of the piston has a groove structure to accommodate the ends of the lower half of the assembly parts, and the lower end has a groove to accommodate the end of the cylindrical spiral compression spring. When the piston moves downward, it interacts with the cylindrical spiral compression spring. The upper part of the piston is in contact with the outer cylindrical surface of the piston. There are two grooves in which sealing rings IV are installed.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1. When assembling the present invention, the lower half assembly parts are pre-placed in the middle sleeve, the large-diameter end of the upper sleeve is placed on the top of the middle sleeve, and is connected through a plurality of spring plungers arranged in the radial direction. The half assembly parts are placed into the upper sleeve from the top, and the butt assembly is completed by tightening the screws, ensuring the coaxiality of the upper and lower assembly parts. After the assembly is completed, rotate the upper sleeve so that the corrugated teeth of the upper sleeve are placed in the corrugated groove of the middle sleeve. Move the upper sleeve downward, and the upper part of the docking assembly is withdrawn. Take the docking assembly from the upper part of the device, and then take it out. After lowering the upper sleeve, open the air pressure control valve to take in air. The pressure of the previously compressed cylindrical spiral compression spring releases and rebounds, pushing the piston upward, and the entire device returns to its original state. Then, the next docking assembly activity can be carried out.

2. The assembly device of the present invention is an intermediate sleeve connected to the base through a slewing bearing. A piston is arranged in the intermediate sleeve. The piston is in contact with a cylindrical spiral compression spring arranged in the base. An upper sleeve is arranged on the top of the intermediate sleeve. There is a vent hole on the base, and an air pressure control valve is installed on it. The inner diameter of the middle sleeve and the upper sleeve matches the outer diameter of the upper and lower half assembly parts to ensure the coaxiality of the upper and lower assembly parts. Accuracy.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the tightening sequence of the set screws during the assembly process of docking parts.

Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the intermediate sleeve of the present invention.

Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the upper sleeve of the present invention.

Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the base of the present invention.

In the figure: 1—base, 2—base screw plug, 3—sealing ring I, 4—cylindrical spiral compression spring, 5—air pressure control valve, 6—sealing ring II, 7—bolt I, 8—slewing bearing, 9— Bolt II, 10—intermediate sleeve, 11—bolt III, 12—sealing ring III, 13—piston, 14—sealing ring IV, 15—lower half assembly parts, 16—spring plunger, 17—upper half Assembly parts, 18-set screw, 19-upper sleeve, 20-ventilation hole, 21-round table, 22-cylinder body, 23-boss, 24. Upper cylinder, 25. Corrugated groove, 26. Corrugation Teeth, 27. Observation hole, 28. First groove, 29. Second groove, 30. Third groove, 31. Fourth groove, 32. Groove, 33. Mounting hole.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples.

Embodiment: As shown in Figure 1, the present invention has a docking and assembly method of cylindrical-shaped components. An assembly device with an inner diameter matching the cylindrical outer diameter of the component is used for assembly. The assembly device includes a base. 1. The middle sleeve 10, the piston 13, the upper sleeve 19 and the slewing bearing 8. The base 1 has a cylinder 22, and one end of the built-in piston 13 of the middle sleeve 10 is placed on the base cylinder 22. A cylindrical helical compression spring 4 is provided between the base 1 and the piston 13. A ventilation hole 20 is opened on the base 1, and an air pressure control valve 5 is installed thereon. A slewing bearing 8 is connected between the base 1 and the intermediate sleeve 10. The slewing bearing 8 The inner ring is connected to the base 1, and the outer ring is connected to the middle sleeve 10. The middle sleeve 10 and the base cylinder 22, and the middle sleeve 10 and the piston 13 are all sealed structures. During assembly, the large diameter end sleeve of the upper sleeve 19 is Placed at the other end of the intermediate sleeve 10, the upper sleeve 19 has a plurality of spring plunger mounting holes 33 arranged in the radial direction, and is connected to the intermediate sleeve 10 through a plurality of spring plungers 16 arranged in the radial direction. The assembly method , including the following steps:

S1. Place the lower half of the assembly parts into the intermediate sleeve 10 and contact the piston 13. Adjust the air pressure control valve installed on the base 1 to slowly lower the assembly parts by 15-20mm and then stop;

S2. Put the upper sleeve 19 into the upper part of the middle sleeve 10. During the falling process, the upper sleeve 19 is stuck in the first groove 28 along the circumference of the middle sleeve 10 through the spring plunger 16 installed on it. ;

S3. Place the upper half of the assembly parts into the upper sleeve 19 from the top, and connect them through the set screws 18 after the butt surfaces of the two assembly parts come into contact;

S4. The piston 13 descends to compress the cylindrical spiral compression spring 4, and opens the air pressure control valve 5 installed on the base 1 to relieve pressure, so that the upper part of the assembly component completely falls into the upper sleeve 19 and then closes the air pressure control valve 5;

S5. Rotate the intermediate sleeve 10 forward and backward once each, and then tighten the set screws 18 in a cross sequence to complete the docking assembly process;

S6. After the docking assembly is completed, rotate the upper sleeve 19 and press the upper sleeve hard. The upper sleeve 19 moves downward so that the corrugated teeth of the upper sleeve 19 are located in the corrugated groove of the middle sleeve 10. The docking assembly is The upper part is withdrawn, and the docking assembly is taken away from the upper part;

S7. After removing the upper sleeve 19, open the air pressure control valve 5 for air intake. The compressed cylindrical spiral compression spring 4 releases pressure and rebounds, pushing the piston 13 to move upward, and the entire device returns to the initial state.

Further, the base 1 has a cylindrical body 22 on a round table. A base screw plug is provided on the inner bottom surface of the cylindrical body 22, and a cylindrical spiral compression spring 4 is set on it. There are openings on the outer circumference of the base cylinder 22. There are two grooves 32 for installing the sealing ring III12. The vent hole 20 is opened on the side wall of the base truncated platform 21 as a gas inlet and outlet channel; the end of the vent hole 20 is connected to the air pressure control valve 5 through the bolt 7I, and the air pressure control valve 5 is The opening and closing of different valve ports controls the inflow and outflow of gas. A sealing ring II6 is installed between the air pressure control valve 5 and the base 1 to prevent air leakage and ensure the air tightness of the internal cavity. 10 forms a telescopic pneumatic cylinder functional structure with a cylindrical helical compression spring 4 in the middle.

The upper end surface of the circular cone 21 of the base 1 is provided with a second groove 29 for installing the slewing bearing 8 to support the intermediate sleeve 0 and other parts and ensure the flexible circumferential rotation of the intermediate sleeve 10; the lower end of the circular cone 21 of the base 1 There is a fourth groove 31 on the end face, and the center position is processed into a threaded hole for screwing in the base screw plug 2. A sealing groove is opened on the lower end of the base screw plug 2. A sealing ring seal I3 is installed between the base 1 and the base screw plug 2. The upper part of the base screw plug 2 is inserted into the cylindrical spiral compression spring 4, and the base 1 is provided with bolt holes for fastening to the workbench or production line. There is also a boss 23 structure for installing an intermediate sleeve between the base cylinder 22 and the round table 21. The inner ring of the slewing bearing 8 is connected to the base 1 through bolts II9, and the outer ring is connected to the intermediate sleeve 10 through bolts III11, so that the intermediate sleeve The cylinder 10 can rotate at any angle. The connecting end of the intermediate sleeve 10 and the base has a third groove 30 corresponding to the inner ring of the slewing bearing 8, which facilitates the installation of the slewing bearing 8 and prevents the rotation of the intermediate sleeve 10 from being restricted.

One end of the intermediate sleeve 10 has a truncated cone structure connected to the base 1 and the slewing bearing 8. The other end is an upper cylinder 24 that extends into the upper sleeve 19 and matches the inner diameter of the upper sleeve 19. It is opened along the outer circumference of the upper cylinder 24. There is a corrugated groove 25, and the connecting end surface of the upper sleeve 19 has corrugated teeth 26 that cooperate with the corrugated groove 25. The groove depth H of the corrugated groove 25 is 30-40 mm. In this example, the groove depth H is 35 mm. You can also choose 30 mm or 40 mm for accommodating the corrugated teeth 26 .

A first groove 28 for installing the spring plunger 16 is formed along the outer circumference of the upper cylinder 24 of the intermediate sleeve 10. The first groove 28 is a spherical groove that matches the end of the spring plunger 16. In this example, along There are 4 symmetrical openings in the circumference; the spring plunger 16 is an existing purchased part.

The large end of the bottom of the upper sleeve 19 is evenly provided with a plurality of threaded holes for installing the spring plunger 16 along the radial direction, and the end of the spring plunger 16 is placed in the first groove 28 of the middle sleeve 10 .

There are rectangular observation holes 27 below the corrugated groove 25 of the middle sleeve 10 and in the middle part of the upper sleeve 19, which facilitates the connection between the two assemblies and the observation of the position of the internal assemblies, and also has a weight reduction effect.

The inner diameter of the upper sleeve 19 and the middle sleeve 10 is the same as the outer diameter of the parts to be assembled, with a guaranteed tolerance of level 5-6, and can form a high-precision inner cylindrical surface that ensures the coaxiality of the parts butt assembly.

The upper end of the piston 10 has a groove structure to accommodate the end of the lower half assembly component 15, and the lower end has a groove for accommodating the cylindrical spiral compression spring 4. When the piston 13 moves downward, it compresses with the cylindrical spiral. The upper part of the spring 4 is in contact, and the outer cylindrical surface of the piston 13 is provided with two grooves, in which a sealing ring IV14 is installed.

The middle sleeve 10 and the cylindrical body 22 of the base 1, and the middle sleeve 10 and the piston 13 are all sealed structures. Two sealing rings III12 and two sealing rings IV14 are respectively provided between the outer peripheral surfaces. Due to the existence of sealing ring III12, sealing ring IV14, sealing ring I3, sealing ring II6 and air pressure control valve 4, the air tightness of the internal cavity is ensured. , so that a telescopic pneumatic cylinder functional structure with a cylindrical helical compression spring 2 in the middle is formed between the base 1 and the intermediate sleeve 10.

Other components not described in detail in the present invention are all existing conventional structures and will not be described again here.

When installing this device, install the sealing ring IV14 in the outer cylindrical groove of the piston 13, then install it into the intermediate sleeve 10 from the bottom, and then install the intermediate sleeve 10 into the base 1; due to the existence of gravity, the piston 13 The movement moves downward to contact the upper part of the cylindrical helical compression spring 4. There are holes in the base 1 and can be installed on the workbench or production line with screws.

When the device of the present invention is processed and manufactured, by ensuring the processing accuracy of the inner bore diameter of the middle sleeve 10 and the upper sleeve 19 and the outer diameter of the assembled parts, requiring 5-6 level tolerances, high-precision guaranteed parts can be formed The inner cylindrical surface of the butt assembly is concentric. Through the synchronous circular rotation of the middle sleeve 13 and the upper sleeve 18 during the docking assembly, the coaxiality during the initial docking assembly can be further improved, while at the same time limiting the tightness between the lower half assembly component 15 and the upper half assembly component 17. The radial sliding of the set screw 19 during the tightening process. In addition, by adjusting the air pressure in the inner cavity, the up and down position of the docking assembly in the device can be adjusted, thereby further correcting the axial deviation during the docking tightening process.

As shown in Figure 2, the upper and lower half assembly parts are connected by 8 set screws 18 for butt assembly. The arrangement positions and numbers of the set screws 18 start from the fourth quadrant, and there are two set screws in each quadrant. Screws 18 are placed at both ends of each quadrant, clockwise: 18-1, 18-2, 18-3, 18-4, 18-5, 18-6, 18-7 and 18-8 , the tightening process is divided into two steps. In the first step, the tightening sequence of the set screws 18 is 18-1, 18-5, 18-3, 18-7, 18-4, 18-8, 18-2, 18-6, corresponding to each other; the tightening sequence of the set screws in the second step is 18-2, 18-6, 18-4, 18-8, 18-3, 18-7, 18-5, 18- 1. Correspond to each other. By controlling the sequence of the tightening process of the set screws, the effects of tightening torque and extrusion deformation of butt parts on assembly coaxiality can be eliminated.

It can be understood that the above specific description of the present invention is only used to illustrate the present invention and is not limited to the technical solutions described in the embodiments of the present invention. Those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the present invention can still be modified or modified. Equivalent substitutions to achieve the same technical effect; as long as they meet the needs of use, they are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method of docking and assembling parts with cylindrical shapes, characterized in that: an assembly device with an inner diameter matching the cylindrical outer diameter of the parts is used for assembly, and the assembly device includes a base, an intermediate sleeve, The piston, the upper sleeve and the slewing bearing have a cylindrical body on the base. One end of the piston built in the middle sleeve is set on the base cylindrical body. A cylindrical spiral compression spring is set between the base and the piston. There is a vent hole on which an air pressure control valve is installed. A slewing bearing is connected between the base and the middle sleeve. The inner ring of the slewing bearing is connected to the base, and the outer ring is connected to the middle sleeve. Between the middle sleeve and the cylindrical body of the base, the middle sleeve There is a sealing structure between the upper sleeve and the piston. During assembly, the large diameter end of the upper sleeve is placed on the other end of the middle sleeve, and is connected to the middle sleeve through multiple spring plungers arranged in the radial direction. The assembly method includes the following step: S1. Place the lower half of the assembly parts into the middle sleeve, contact the piston, and adjust the air pressure control valve installed on the base to slowly lower the assembly parts by 15-20mm and then stop; S2. Put the upper sleeve into the upper part of the middle sleeve. During the falling process, the upper sleeve is stuck in the first groove along the circumference of the middle sleeve through the spring plunger; S3. Place the upper assembly parts into the upper sleeve from the top, and connect them through the set screws after the butt surfaces of the two assembly parts come into contact; S4. The piston descends to compress the cylindrical helical compression spring, open the air pressure control valve installed on the base to relieve pressure, make the upper part of the assembly component completely fall into the upper sleeve, and then close the air pressure control valve 4; S5. Rotate the middle sleeve forward and backward once, and then tighten the set screws in a cross sequence to complete the docking assembly process; S6. After the docking assembly is completed, rotate the upper sleeve and press down on the upper sleeve. The upper sleeve moves downward so that the corrugated teeth of the upper sleeve are located in the corrugated groove of the middle sleeve, and the upper part of the docking assembly is withdrawn. , take away the docking assembly from the upper part; S7. After removing the upper sleeve, open the air pressure control valve to inlet air. The compressed cylindrical spiral compression spring pressure releases and rebounds, pushing the piston upward, and the entire device returns to its initial state. 2. The docking and assembly method of components with cylindrical shapes according to claim 1, characterized in that: the base has a cylindrical body on a round table, and a second groove for accommodating the slewing bearing is opened on the top of the round table of the base. , a base screw plug is set on the bottom surface of the cylinder body, a sealing groove is opened on the lower end of the base screw plug, a sealing ring I is installed between the base and the base screw plug for sealing, a cylindrical spiral compression spring is set on the upper part of the base screw plug, and a cylindrical spiral compression spring is set on the upper part of the base screw plug. There are two grooves for installing sealing rings III on the circumferential surface, and the vent holes are provided on the side wall of the base truncated cone. 3. The docking and assembly method of components with cylindrical shapes according to claim 2, characterized in that: a sealing ring II is installed between the air pressure control valve and the base. 4. The butt assembly method of components with cylindrical shapes according to claim 2, characterized in that: there is a boss structure for installing an intermediate sleeve between the base cylinder and the truncated cone, and the intermediate sleeve is connected to the base. There is a third groove corresponding to the inner ring of the slewing bearing. 5. The docking and assembly method of components with cylindrical shapes according to claim 1, characterized in that: one end of the middle sleeve has a truncated cone structure connected to the base and the slewing bearing, and the other end extends into the upper sleeve, and The upper cylinder that matches the inner diameter of the upper sleeve has a corrugated groove along the outer periphery of the upper cylinder, and the connecting end surface of the upper sleeve and the upper sleeve has corrugated teeth that cooperate with the corrugated groove. 6. The butt assembly method of components with cylindrical shapes according to claim 5, characterized in that: a first groove for installing a spring plunger is formed along the outer circumference of the upper cylinder of the intermediate sleeve, and the first groove It is a spherical groove that matches the end of the spring plunger. 7. The butt assembly method of components with cylindrical shapes according to claim 5, characterized in that: the groove depth H of the corrugated groove is 30-40 mm. 8. The docking and assembly method of components with cylindrical shapes according to claim 1, characterized in that: the large end of the bottom of the upper sleeve is evenly provided with a plurality of threaded holes for installing spring plungers in the radial direction, and the end of the spring plunger is into the first groove of the intermediate sleeve. 9. The docking and assembly method of components with cylindrical shapes according to claim 5 or 8, characterized in that: there are rectangular observation holes below the corrugated groove of the intermediate sleeve and in the middle part of the upper sleeve. 10. The butt assembly method of components with cylindrical shape according to claim 1, characterized in that: the upper end of the piston has a groove structure to accommodate the end of the lower half assembly component, and the lower end has a receiving cylinder. The groove at the end of the spiral compression spring contacts the upper part of the cylindrical spiral compression spring when the piston moves downward. There are two grooves on the outer cylindrical surface of the piston, and a sealing ring IV is installed inside them.