CN117136137A - 具有集成光源的交通工具天窗玻璃 - Google Patents
具有集成光源的交通工具天窗玻璃 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN117136137A CN117136137A CN202380008518.7A CN202380008518A CN117136137A CN 117136137 A CN117136137 A CN 117136137A CN 202380008518 A CN202380008518 A CN 202380008518A CN 117136137 A CN117136137 A CN 117136137A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- light source
- optical element
- glass
- glass pane
- vehicle sunroof
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
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- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GZCWPZJOEIAXRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin zinc Chemical compound [Zn].[Sn] GZCWPZJOEIAXRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
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- B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10247—Laminated safety glass or glazing containing decorations or patterns for aesthetic reasons
- B32B17/10256—Laminated safety glass or glazing containing decorations or patterns for aesthetic reasons created by printing techniques
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- B32B17/10339—Specific parts of the laminated safety glass or glazing being colored or tinted
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- B32B17/10541—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing comprising a light source or a light guide
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种交通工具天窗玻璃,包括外玻璃板(1)和内玻璃板(2),它们通过热塑性中间层(3)彼此连接,其具有至少一个凹槽(A),所述凹槽(A)至少通过穿过内玻璃板(2)的贯通部形成并且从那里出发任选延伸到中间层(3)中或穿过中间层(3),其中将光源(4)和光学元件(5)装入凹槽(A)中,使得光源(4)具有比光学元件(5)更小的与外玻璃板(1)的距离并且光源(4)指向光学元件(5),并且其中交通工具天窗玻璃还配备有与光源(4)连接的电导线(6.1、62)。
Description
本发明涉及一种具有集成光源的交通工具天窗玻璃,其尤其被提供作为阅读灯。本发明还涉及所述交通工具天窗玻璃的制造和用途。
许多交通工具在车顶区域中配备有指向内部空间的光源。该光源例如可以充当交通工具乘员的阅读灯,其中优选为每个交通工具乘员分配一个自己的光源,该光源可以独立于其他光源操作。如果交通工具配备有天窗玻璃,光源的定位有时是个问题。这些可以在天窗玻璃的侧面集成在车顶内衬中。然而,为了实现更有利的定位和有吸引力的美学,可能希望将光源直接集成到交通工具天窗玻璃中。
WO2019105855公开了一种具有用于集成电子部件的凹槽的复合玻璃板,其中该凹槽包括穿过内玻璃板的激光钻孔的贯通部。WO2017029384、WO2018/002707和WO2018002723公开了具有用于控制集成光源的电容式按钮的复合玻璃板。
WO2021025651公开了一种具有降低发射率的涂层的玻璃板,其中由该涂层形成用于安置在该涂层上的光源的电导线。
本发明的目的是提供一种具有至少一个集成光源的交通工具天窗玻璃。该交通工具天窗玻璃应在美学上有吸引力,并确保为维护或更换目的易于接近光源。如果存在多个光源,则它们应优选彼此独立并尽可能可直观地操作。
本发明的目的通过根据独立权利要求1的交通工具天窗玻璃得以实现。优选实施方案由从属权利要求中获悉。
根据本发明的交通工具天窗玻璃是复合玻璃板。它包括外玻璃板和内玻璃板,它们通过中间层彼此连接。提供交通工具天窗玻璃用于在窗户开口,即交通工具的天窗玻璃开口中将交通工具内部空间与外部环境分隔开。在本发明的意义上,内玻璃板是指朝向内部空间的玻璃板。外玻璃板是指朝向外部环境的玻璃板。外玻璃板和内玻璃板分别具有外侧和内部空间侧表面以及在它们之间延伸的环绕的侧边缘面。在本发明的意义上,外侧表面是指提供用于在安装位置朝向外部环境的那个主面。在本发明的意义上,内部空间侧表面是指提供用于在安装位置朝向内部空间的那个主面。外玻璃板的内部空间侧表面和内玻璃板的外侧表面彼此面对并且通过热塑性中间层彼此连接。
根据本发明,交通工具天窗玻璃具有至少一个凹槽。该凹槽从内玻璃板的内部空间侧表面出发,延伸到复合玻璃板中。该凹槽至少通过穿过内玻璃板的贯通部形成。该贯通部也可以称为内玻璃板中的孔;它从内玻璃板的内部空间侧表面延伸穿过整个内玻璃板,直至内玻璃板的外侧表面。根据本发明的凹槽可以仅通过穿过内玻璃板的贯通部形成。然而,任选地,它也可以从内玻璃板的贯通部出发延伸到中间层中,或者延伸穿过整个中间层。如果凹槽延伸到中间层中,则中间层的邻接内玻璃板的部分或邻接内玻璃板的层也具有凹槽,该凹槽以盲孔的方式终止在中间层内。如果凹槽延伸穿过中间层,则存在穿过整个中间层的贯通部——在这种情况下,凹槽是穿过内玻璃板和中间层的贯通部,其从内玻璃板的内部空间侧表面延伸穿过整个内玻璃板和整个中间层,直至外玻璃板的内部空间侧表面。
根据本发明,光源和光学元件被装入凹槽中。在按预期使用交通工具天窗玻璃时,光源指向交通工具内部空间。在此,光源具有比光学元件小的与外玻璃板的距离。由此得出,它指向光学元件。因此,将光源布置得使其预期的发射方向朝向光学元件、内玻璃板的内部空间侧表面和交通工具内部空间,从而光源的辐射穿过光学元件并从复合玻璃板或凹槽中经由内玻璃板的内部空间侧表面朝着交通工具内部空间的方向射出。光源的电触点优选布置在光源的与发射方向相反的一侧上并且朝向外玻璃板。
根据本发明,交通工具天窗玻璃还配备有与光源导电连接的电导线。所述电导线用于为光源供电。它们导电连接至光源的触点。
在一个优选实施方案中,交通工具天窗玻璃配备有多个根据本发明的凹槽,其中在每个凹槽中以根据本发明的方式装入光源和光学元件。各个凹槽的光源优选通过各自自己的电导线彼此独立地电接触,从而它们可以彼此独立地运行,特别是可以彼此独立地打开和关闭。
在一个优选实施方案中,根据本发明的光源用作交通工具乘员的阅读灯。如果存在多个具有光源的凹槽,则它们优选布置在天窗玻璃上并分布在天窗玻璃上,从而给每个交通工具乘员(例如交通工具的驾驶员、副驾驶员和后座上的两名或三名同乘人员)各分配一个阅读灯。分配给相应乘员的光源各自布置在天窗玻璃的在天窗玻璃的安装位置上位于其座位上方的区域中。
具有光源的凹槽(或所有具有光源的凹槽,如果存在多个凹槽的话)优选布置在交通工具天窗玻璃的透明的透视区域中。在交通工具天窗玻璃的情况下,这个透明的透视区域通常被不透明的掩蔽区域以框架状包围。在本发明的意义上,掩蔽区域是指天窗玻璃的无法透过其透视的区域。掩蔽区域的透光率优选基本上为0%。在本发明的意义上,透视区域是指天窗玻璃的能够透视并因此具有一定透明度或至少半透明度的区域。透视区域的透光率优选为至少5%,特别优选至少10%。期望的透射率尤其可以通过外玻璃板、内玻璃板和/或中间层的着色来实现。透光率尤其是指在交通工具领域中用于表征的常见的总透射率,通过由ECE-R 43,附录3,§9.1规定的机动车辆玻璃板透光率测试方法来确定。掩蔽区域布置在天窗玻璃的环绕的周边区域中。掩蔽区域主要用于保护用于将天窗玻璃与交通工具车身粘合的粘合剂免受UV辐射。此外,可以遮盖掩蔽区域中的可能的电气连接。掩蔽区域通常通过不透明的、特别是黑色的印刷物(覆盖印刷物)形成,特别是在外玻璃板的内部空间侧表面和/或内玻璃板的内部空间侧表面上。覆盖印刷物通常由以丝网印刷法施加并随后烘烤的搪瓷组成,所述搪瓷包含玻璃料和着色剂(特别是颜料)。所述颜料通常是黑色颜料,例如颜料黑(炭黑)、苯胺黑、骨黑、氧化铁黑、尖晶石黑和/或石墨。覆盖印刷物的厚度优选为5μm至50μm,特别优选8μm至25μm。然而,替代地,掩蔽区域也可以通过热塑性中间层的不透明部分形成,例如通过使用着色浓重的或印刷的聚合物膜。
穿过内玻璃板的贯通部优选地在内玻璃板的内部空间侧和外侧表面的平面中具有圆形的、特别是环形的基面。那么它整体上在恒定横截面积的情况下尤其具有圆柱体(特别是圆筒)的形状或在连续变化的横截面积的情况下尤其具有截锥体(锥形)的形状。该贯通部被环绕的边缘面所界定。所述边缘面形成所述圆柱体或截锥体的侧面,而底面通过所述贯通部在内玻璃板的外侧表面和内部空间侧表面中的入口-和出口开口给出。所述穿过内玻璃板的贯通部优选地通过激光钻孔产生。
光学元件用于对从光源发出的光束进行光束整形并且为此适当地设计。所述光学元件通常是透镜。特别地,从可以近似地作为点源处理的光源出发的光辐射通过所述光学元件被集束,从而它集中在预定的光束区域上。在优选实施方案中,该光学元件形成为菲涅耳透镜(特别是以前灯透镜的方式)或形成为TIR透镜(TIR:全内反射)。菲涅耳透镜将从光源出发的光朝着光轴方向集束。TIR透镜由芯材料和围绕它的外套材料组成。芯材料具有比外套材料更高的折射率。那么,光束在芯材料与外套材料之间的过渡处被全反射并保留在充当光波导的TIR透镜内。TIR透镜因此同样用于使光辐射朝着光轴方向集束或准直(即,使光束平行对准并射出)。
光学元件优选地由透明聚合物制成。这种聚合物光学元件便宜且重量轻。由于对光学元件的光学品质通常没有太高的要求,因此用聚合物光学元件可以满足这些要求。如果光学元件是透明的,则其有利地不显眼并且仅微不足道地影响透过天窗玻璃的透视。所述透明聚合物优选为聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)或聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)。然而,替代地,所述光学元件也可以例如由玻璃制成。
光学元件优选地以无损可拆卸的方式装入凹槽中,特别是夹紧或啮合在穿过内玻璃板的贯通部中并且由此稳定地固定在根据本发明的凹槽中。
所述光源优选是发光二极管(LED,light-emitting diode)。发光二极管的电致发光材料例如可以是无机半导体或有机半导体。在后一种情况下,人们也提及有机发光二极管(OLED,organic light emitting diode)。
光源与电导线导电连接,例如通过焊料或导电粘合剂。此外,通过焊料或粘合剂将光源机械固定在天窗玻璃中,由于光源通常重量轻,这就足够了。然而,光源可以通过额外的措施来机械固定,例如额外的粘合剂或者夹持-或啮合装置。也可以将光源和光学元件合并成一个单个的部件,例如通过将LED固定在也包含光学元件的聚合物灯座中。在这种情况下,光学元件可以与灯座一体形成或者同样可以固定在灯座中。
在一个有利的实施方案中,穿过内玻璃板的贯通部的边缘面是暴露的。因此,它没有被另外的元件覆盖。在这种情况下,光学元件与贯通部的边缘面直接接触,特别是直接装入贯通部中。贯通部与光学元件之间的连接优选是无损可拆卸的;尤其将光学元件直接夹紧在贯通部中。为此,光学元件可以在侧面配备有柔性的、可弹性变形的制动凸耳(Rastnasen),将它们压紧以装入,然后松开,从而它们力锁合地紧贴在贯通部的边缘面上,并将光学元件固定在贯通部中。在一个优选的扩展方案中,穿过内玻璃板的贯通部是以锥形,即以截锥的形状,更确切地说以使得它从内玻璃板的外侧表面出发直至内玻璃板的内部空间侧表面逐渐变细的方式形成的。因此,贯通部在外侧表面中的开口比贯通部在内部空间侧表面中的开口具有更大的面积。贯通部的横截面积从内玻璃板的外侧表面出发朝着内玻璃板的内部空间侧表面的方向尤其连续变小。这具有的优点是,将被夹紧的光学元件还更稳定地固定在贯通部中。然而,替代地,也可以将光学元件例如借助于粘合剂固定在贯通部中。
在另一个有利的实施方案中,穿过内玻璃板的贯通部具有灯座。灯座覆盖了贯通部的环绕的边缘面,并且还可以从那里出发延伸到内玻璃板的外侧和/或内部空间侧表面的周围区域上。灯座又具有贯通部或凹槽,在其中装入光学元件,优选无损可拆卸地,特别是拧紧/旋紧、夹紧或啮合,替代地例如粘合或焊接。
在此也特别优选通过夹持或啮合来连接光学元件与灯座,因为这些连接一方面可无损拆卸并且另一方面可以非常快速且不复杂地拆卸(与例如螺旋连接相比)。为此,如上所述,光学元件可以在侧面配备有柔性的、可弹性变形的制动凸耳,将它们压紧以装入,然后松开并且由此光学元件固定在灯座的贯通部或凹槽中。该连接可以是力锁合的,其中制动凸耳紧贴在灯座的贯通部边缘面上。在这种情况下,灯座的贯通部或凹槽在此也优选是以锥形,即以截锥的形状,更确切地说以使得它从内玻璃板的外侧表面出发直至内玻璃板的内部空间侧表面逐渐变细的方式形成的。替代地,如果灯座的贯通部或凹槽的边缘面形成有互补的啮合开口(),光学元件的制动凸耳啮合到这些啮合开口中,则该连接可以是形状锁合的。相反的实施方案也是可能的,其中边缘面形成有制动凸耳并且光学元件形成有互补的啮合开口,或者其中灯座的制动凸耳在光学元件上闭合。
灯座可以单独用于安置光学元件。然而,替代地,也可以将光源装入灯座中。在这种情况下,灯座优选地具有适合于为所装入的光源供应电压的电接触面。灯座还优选地具有在所述接触面和电连接面之间的电连接导线。所述连接面与根据本发明的电导线接触,以又为接触面提供电压。在此,灯座优选地不具有贯通部,而是具有从内玻璃板的内部空间侧表面出发延伸直至底面的袋状凹陷(盲孔形式的凹槽)。所述电接触面优选布置在该底面中。光源可以容易地插入或啮合入灯座中,如果其适当地形成和/或与接触面经由焊料或导电粘合剂连接。
灯座优选由聚合物制成,特别优选由透明聚合物制成。合适的透明聚合物例如是聚碳酸酯(PC)、PMMA、PET或聚酰胺。
综上,光学元件因此优选
-力锁合地直接夹紧在贯通部中,
-力锁合地夹紧在覆盖贯通部边缘面的灯座中,或者
-形状锁合地与覆盖贯通部边缘面的灯座啮合,
为此目的,光学元件或灯座配备有(特别是柔性的、可弹性变形的)制动凸耳。如果光学元件配备有制动凸耳,则它们与贯通部的边缘面直接接触(如果光学元件力锁合地夹紧在贯通部中)或者与灯座的凹槽的边缘面直接接触(如果光学元件力锁合地夹紧在灯座中),或者啮合在灯座的互补啮合开口中(如果光学元件形状锁合地与灯座啮合)。如果灯座配备有制动凸耳,则它们被啮合在光学元件的互补的啮合开口中(然后光学元件也形状缩合地与灯座啮合)。
在一个优选实施方案中,根据本发明的电导线由透明导电涂层形成。在本发明的意义上,如果涂层在可见光谱范围内的平均透射率为至少70%,优选至少80%,并且因此不会显著限制透过交通工具玻璃板的透视,则该涂层被认为是透明的。这样的优点是它们不显眼,不会显著限制透过天窗玻璃的透视。此外,可以为此使用本来就存在的以使天窗玻璃具有另外的功能的涂层,例如防晒涂层或降低发射率的涂层(所谓的低E涂层)。然而,也可以使用专门为了光源的电接触目的而不实现任何其他功能的涂层。凹槽的深度取决于涂层布置在复合玻璃板中的位置(在哪个平面中)。如果光源要直接连接到涂层,则凹槽从内玻璃板的内部空间侧表面延伸直至导电涂层,从而涂层的一个区域暴露在凹槽中并且可以连接到光源。可以提供连接面用于与光源连接,其例如具有含银的附加印刷物。
该涂层可以是大面积涂层,其中通过绝缘线产生电导线。如果涂层实现另一种功能,例如红外线反射功能,则这尤其是合适的。绝缘线是线形无涂层区域,其可使导线与周围涂层电绝缘。例如,它们可以通过激光烧蚀形成在涂层中。相反,如果涂层仅用于光源的电接触,则涂层也可以仅存在于导线区域中。那么,涂层因此在整体上形成导线,这可以例如在涂覆工艺中通过掩蔽技术来实现。
通常,给每个光源分配两条电导线,其中每条导线连接光源与电压源的两极之一。这些导线从光源延伸至天窗玻璃周边区域的一部分,在那里它们例如与扁平导体连接,扁平导体通过上一级的另外的电缆直接或间接与电压源连接。
在本发明的第一实施方案中,导线由朝向中间层的,即外玻璃板的内部空间侧的表面上的透明导电涂层形成。在这种情况下,涂层优选是防晒涂层,该防晒涂层具有至少一个基于金属(特别是银)的IR反射层。通常易腐蚀的金属层被保护在复合玻璃板的内部中。在这种情况下,凹槽延伸穿过整个中间层,从而涂层的连接区域暴露在凹槽中。凹槽是作为穿过整个内玻璃板和整个中间层的贯通部的。光源优选地直接连接到电导线,光学元件或者直接装入内玻璃板的贯通部中或者装入该贯通部中的灯座中,如上所述。然而,也可以将灯座装入凹槽中,该凹槽具有用于光源的接触面,如上所述。在这种情况下,灯座优选地延伸至导电涂层,从而灯座底部的朝向外玻璃板的表面中的连接面与导线接触并且灯座底部的朝向内玻璃板的表面中的接触面与光源接触。
在本发明的第二实施方案中,导线由内玻璃板的一个表面上的透明导电涂层形成。这可以是在内玻璃板的朝向中间层的,即外侧表面上的涂层。在这种情况下,涂层优选是防晒涂层,该防晒涂层具有至少一个基于金属(特别是银)的IR反射层。通常易腐蚀的金属层被保护在复合玻璃板的内部中。然而,也可以是在内玻璃板的背对中间层的,即内部空间侧表面上的涂层。在这种情况下,涂层优选是降低发射率的涂层,其具有至少一个基于透明导电氧化物(TCO,transparent conductive oxide),特别是氧化铟锡(ITO,indium tinoxide)的IR反射层。这种涂层不易腐蚀,因此可以毫无顾虑地在内玻璃板的暴露的内部空间侧表面上使用。在这种情况下,凹槽优选通过仅穿过内玻璃板的贯通部形成,即不延伸到中间层中。如上所述,如果穿过内玻璃板的贯通部具有还包含用于光源的接触面的灯座,则这种设计方案是特别有利的。灯座的连接面然后优选地与涂层接触,并且电流经由集成在灯座中的连接导线被馈送到接触面。
在本发明的第三实施方案中,导线由中间层内的载体膜上的透明导电涂层形成。在这种情况下,涂层优选是防晒涂层,该防晒涂层具有至少一个基于金属(特别是银)的IR反射层。通常易腐蚀的金属层被保护在复合玻璃板的内部中。或者,涂层仅用于光源的电连接,而没有实现防晒功能,那么,载体膜的尺寸可以相应地缩小——它只存在于导线区域中,而天窗玻璃的大部分没有载体膜。在这种情况下,涂层也优选包括至少一个基于金属(特别是银)的层,由于高导电性这是有利的。
在所述第三实施方案中,在一个有利的变体中,中间层至少包括第一热塑性层和第二热塑性层。所述热塑性层彼此平面叠置布置,其中第一热塑性层与内玻璃板直接接触。第二热塑性层布置得更靠近外玻璃板。它可以与外玻璃板直接接触,但也可以在第二热塑性层与外玻璃板之间布置另外的热塑性层。所述具有导电涂层的载体膜布置在第一热塑性层与第二热塑性层之间,其中载体膜的带有涂层的那个表面朝向第一热塑性层和内玻璃板。载体膜布置在交通工具天窗玻璃的包含凹槽的区域中——因此载体膜与凹槽重叠并且优选地延伸至交通工具天窗玻璃的侧边缘。在这种情况下,凹槽延伸穿过整个第一热塑性层,从而涂层的连接区域暴露在凹槽中。凹槽是作为穿过整个内玻璃板和与内玻璃板相邻的整个第一热塑性层的贯通部的。光源优选地直接连接到电导线,光学元件或者直接装入内玻璃板的贯通部中或者装入该贯通部中的灯座中,如上所述。然而,也可以将灯座装入具有用于光源的接触面的凹槽中,如上所述。在这种情况下,灯座优选地延伸至导电涂层,从而灯座底部的朝向外玻璃板和载体膜的表面中的连接面与导线接触并且灯座底部的朝向内玻璃板的表面中的接触面与光源接触。
原则上,在载体膜与第二热塑性层之间也可以存在另外的热塑性层。在这种情况下,凹槽延伸穿过内玻璃板与载体膜之间的所有热塑性层,从而涂层的连接区域暴露在凹槽中。
然而,替代地,载体膜也可以与内玻璃板或外玻璃板直接接触并且不插入中间层的两个热塑性膜之间。载体膜的带有涂层的那个表面在此朝向内玻璃板。凹槽延伸到载体膜,使得涂层的连接区域暴露在凹槽中。如果载体膜与内玻璃板接触,它因此优选仅延伸穿过内玻璃板。如果载体膜与外玻璃板接触,它因此延伸穿过内玻璃板和整个中间层。光源优选地直接连接到电导线,光学元件或者直接装入内玻璃板中的贯通部中或者装入该贯通部中的灯座中,如上所述。然而,也可以将灯座装入具有用于光源的接触面的凹槽中,如上所述。在这种情况下,灯座优选地延伸至导电涂层,从而灯座底部的朝向外玻璃板和载体膜的表面中的连接面与导线接触并且灯座底部的朝向内玻璃板的表面中的接触面与光源接触。
所述载体膜优选基于PET或由PET形成。PET的比例优选大于90重量%,特别优选大于95重量%。载体膜优选基本上由PET组成。载体膜的厚度优选为20μm至200μm,特别优选为25μm至150μm。然而,也可以使用更厚的载体膜,厚度例如至高800μm,特别是当在载体膜的区域中已局部去除了在其余玻璃板中存在着的热塑性层时。然后可以使载体膜形成得相应厚,以补偿缺失的热塑性层的厚度。为此,也可以将多个载体膜类型的膜叠置放置。
可形成电导线的优选的透明涂层已在上文中描述为防晒涂层和降低发射率的涂层。提供防晒涂层用于反射太阳辐射中的红外分量,以减少交通工具内部空间的加热。IR反射效果在此特别涉及近红外范围,例如在800nm至1500nm的范围内。特别地,防晒涂层是薄层的堆叠,其中各个层的厚度小于1μm。该薄层堆叠包含一个或多个基于金属,特别是银,替代地例如金、铝或铜的IR反射层。
除了一个或多个IR反射层之外,通常还存在介电层。防晒涂层的常用介电层例如是:
-减反射层,其降低可见光的反射并因此增加经涂覆的玻璃板的透明度,例如基于氮化硅、硅-金属-混合氮化物如氮化硅锆、氧化钛、氮化铝或氧化锡,具有例如10nm至100nm的层厚度;
-匹配层,其改进导电层的结晶性,例如基于氧化锌,具有例如3nm至20nm的层厚度;
-平滑层,其改进位于其上的层的表面结构,例如基于锡、硅、钛、锆、铪、锌、镓和/或铟的非晶氧化物,特别是基于锡-锌-混合氧化物,具有例如3nm至20nm的层厚度。
降低发射率的涂层也已知为热辐射反射涂层、低发射率涂层或低E涂层(低发射率)。发射率是指一种量度,其给出了与理想的热辐射体(黑体)相比,玻璃板在安装位置向内部空间发射了多少热辐射。降低发射率的涂层具有避免热辐射到内部空间中(太阳辐射的IR分量,特别是玻璃板本身的热辐射)以及热从内部空间中辐射出去的功能。它们具有对红外辐射,特别是5μm-50μm光谱范围内的热辐射(也参见标准DIN EN 12898:2019-06)的反射性能。由此极为有效地改善了内部空间中的热舒适性。在外部温度高和太阳入射的情况下,降低发射率的涂层可以至少部分地反射由整个玻璃板朝着内部空间方向发射出的热辐射。在外界温度低的情况下,它们可以反射从内部空间中发射出的热辐射,并因此减小冷玻璃板作为吸热装置的效果。降低发射率的涂层尤其是薄层的堆叠,其中各个层的厚度小于1μm。该薄层堆叠包含一个(任选多个)IR反射层,优选基于导电氧化物(TCO),特别是基于氧化铟锡(ITO),替代地例如基于铟-锌-混合氧化物(IZO)、掺镓氧化锡(GZO)、掺氟氧化锡(SnO2:F)或掺锑氧化锡(SnO2:Sb)。
除了IR反射层之外,通常还存在介电层。降低发射率的涂层的常用介电层例如是:
-抗反射层,其具有比TCO层低的折射率并且布置在其下方和上方,以增加透过玻璃板的透射率并减小反射率,例如基于氧化硅,具有例如10nm至10nm的层厚度;
-TCO层上方的阻隔层,其用于在天窗玻璃热处理期间调节氧扩散(例如在弯曲工艺的范围内),例如基于氮化硅或碳化硅,具有例如5nm至30nm的层厚度;
-TCO层下方的阻挡层,其意在防止碱金属从内玻璃板扩散到TCO层中,例如基于氮化硅或氮化铝,具有例如10nm至50nm的层厚度。
如果形成导线的透明涂层实现了另外的功能,例如防晒功能或降低发射率功能,则除了用于形成电导线的绝缘线以及任选另外的作为通信、传感器或摄像头窗口意在确保电磁辐射透过天窗玻璃的传输的局部区域之外,它优选覆盖交通工具天窗玻璃的整个透视区域。如果透明涂层没有实现这样的功能,则该涂层优选基本上限于导线区域,而大部分透视区域没有涂层。
然而,电导线不一定必须由透明涂层形成。也可以使用插入中间层中的金属线(例如由铜或钨制成的),或印刷在外玻璃板的内部空间侧表面上、内玻璃板的一个表面上或中间层内的载体膜上的导线。这种印刷的导线在汽车领域中是常见的,例如作为后窗玻璃上的加热导体。它们通常以丝网印刷法来施加,然后被烘烤。它们通常包含确保与玻璃板表面稳定连接的玻璃料和提供导电性的金属颗粒(特别是银颗粒)。这样的金属线或印刷导线虽然不是透明的,它们在视觉上更显眼,但由于它们的宽度小,因此有时这是可以接受的。
在本发明的一个有利实施方案中,电导线以这样的方式确定尺寸,即它们同样形成用于光源的串联电阻。如果光源是发光二极管,则这是特别有利的——串联电阻用于限制电流以避免发光二极管的损坏。与导线一体形成的串联电阻与光源串联连接并且将电压或电流强度限制到非临界值。串联电阻可以通过适当地确定电导线的尺寸来形成或设定。如果导线是由透明涂层形成的,则这尤其是容易实现的。然后可以通过绝缘线的设计方案来形成或设定串联电阻,这些绝缘线使电导线与周围的涂层绝缘。
在本发明的一个有利的扩展方案中,交通工具天窗玻璃包含电容式按钮,该按钮分配给光源并且用于打开和关闭光源。如果天窗玻璃包括多个具有光源的凹槽,则优选给每个光源分配一个自己的按钮,从而可以彼此独立地操作光源。按钮优选地布置在所分配的凹槽周围或其附近,例如最大间距为10cm。
电容式按钮是天窗玻璃的在操作者的手指触摸或接近时触发开关过程的区域。为此,所述区域具有至少一个表面电极。通过外部的控制电子设备测量该表面电极的电容。当接地体靠近表面电极或者例如接触表面电极上方的绝缘体层时,表面电极的电容相对于大地发生变化。该电容变化通过控制电子设备来测量,并且在超过阈值时触发开关信号。按钮由表面电极的形状和大小来确定。在一个备选的有利实施方案中,所述区域具有彼此电容耦合的两个表面电极。电极可以具有例如螺旋形、梳形或回形形状。在身体/物体接近时,由电极形成的电容器的电容发生变化。该电容变化通过控制电子设备来测量,并且在超过阈值时触发开关信号。按钮由电极电容耦合的区域的形状和大小来确定。
按钮优选具有1cm2至20cm2的面积,特别优选2cm2至10cm2。例如,按钮的形状可以是卵形、椭圆形或圆形、三角形、矩形、正方形或其他类型的四边形或更高阶的多边形。
在本发明的一个特别有利的实施方案中,用于一个或多个光源和电容式按钮(更准确地说,电容式按钮的一个或多个表面电极)的电导线由同一透明导电涂层形成。按钮的至少一个表面电极同样可以通过绝缘线与周围的涂层绝缘。如上所述,所述涂层在此可以是外玻璃板的内部空间侧表面上的涂层、中间层中的载体膜上的涂层或内玻璃板的外侧或内部空间侧表面上的涂层。
然而,替代地,也可以一方面按钮的一个或多个表面电极和另一方面用于一个或多个光源的电导线由两个不同的透明涂层形成。因此,例如,电导线可以由大面积的防晒涂层或降低发射率的涂层形成,而将经涂覆的载体膜插入复合玻璃板的相应区域中用于一个或多个按钮的表面电极,反之亦然。同样可行的是,按钮的表面电极通过印刷的导电膏来形成,特别是具有玻璃料和银颗粒的丝网印刷膏,其被烤入外玻璃板或内玻璃板的表面中。
外玻璃板和内玻璃板优选由玻璃制成,特别优选由钠钙玻璃制成,如通常用于窗玻璃的。然而,玻璃板也可以由其他类型的玻璃制成,例如石英玻璃、硼硅酸盐玻璃或铝硅酸盐玻璃。玻璃板可以彼此独立地是无色透明的或着色的或染色的。外玻璃板和内玻璃板的厚度可以宽泛地变化并因此可以适应个别情况的要求。外玻璃板和内玻璃板的厚度优选为0.5mm至5mm,特别优选为1mm至3mm。
交通工具天窗玻璃优选地在一个或多个空间方向上弯曲,如在交通工具领域中常见的那样,其中典型的曲率半径在约10cm至约40m的范围内。
中间层优选包含聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、乙烯醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)或聚氨酯(PU)。中间层包括一个或多个热塑性层。中间层的每一层优选由膜形成,特别优选基于PVB、EVA或PU,特别是PVB的膜。这意味着该层或膜主要包含所述材料(比例大于50重量%)并且除此以外还可以任选地包含另外的成分,例如增塑剂、稳定剂、UV或IR吸收剂。每个热塑性层的厚度优选为0.2mm至2mm,特别优选为0.3mm至1mm。例如,可以使用具有0.38mm或0.76mm的标准厚度的膜。
本发明还包括一种用于制造交通工具天窗玻璃的方法,其中
(i)提供外玻璃板、内玻璃板和至少一个热塑性层,
(ii)制成穿过内玻璃板和任选穿过热塑性层的贯通部,
(iii)将外玻璃板、所述至少一个热塑性层和内玻璃板以给出的顺序布置成层堆叠,其中内玻璃板的贯通部,任选地与所述至少一个热塑性层的贯通部一起,形成凹槽(A),
(iv)将所述层堆叠层压成复合玻璃板,其中由所述至少一个热塑性层制成热塑性中间层,
(v)将光源以其光束方向背对外玻璃板的方式装入凹槽中,并将光源与电导线连接,所述电导线存在于外玻璃板或内玻璃板的表面上或在中间层内,
(vi)在光源的光束路径中将光学元件装入凹槽中。
上述关于交通工具天窗玻璃的实施方案以相应的方式适用于制造方法。
在一个有利的实施方案中,方法步骤(ii)中通过激光钻孔将贯通部引入到内玻璃板中。由此可以以高精度实现呈任意形状的贯通部。激光钻孔的贯通部在制成的产品中也可以与机械钻孔的贯通部区分开来,特别是通过它们通常没有边缘打磨并且品质好,边缘面没有贝壳状破裂或其他损坏,以及根据玻璃中特有的拉应力和压应力。
在一个特别有利的实施方案中,外玻璃板和内玻璃板通过使它们在被布置成层堆叠之前经受弯曲工艺而被弯曲。为了弯曲,使玻璃板通过加热软化,从而使得它们变得可塑性变形,然后通过本身已知的方法成形,例如重力弯曲、压力弯曲和/或吸力弯曲。玻璃弯曲工艺的典型温度例如为500℃至700℃。玻璃板可以弯曲成圆柱形或球形。优选在已经弯曲的内玻璃板中产生贯通部(方法步骤(i)中的内玻璃板和外玻璃板因此作为弯曲的玻璃板来提供),特别是通过激光钻孔。激光钻孔可以比机械钻孔更好地应用于弯曲的玻璃质玻璃板,机械钻孔可能由于在弯曲工艺中在玻璃中产生的应力而导致玻璃破裂。
外玻璃板和内玻璃板优选同时弯曲,其中外玻璃板和内玻璃板全等地叠置。那么它们的形状彼此最佳匹配,从而由此制成的复合玻璃板具有高品质。在同时全等弯曲时,贯通部应还不存在,因为空气可以通过贯通部到达玻璃质玻璃板之间通过并且它们不会保持彼此接触。因此,贯通部的钻孔优选在弯曲之后进行,特别是通过激光钻孔。
在一个有利的实施方案中,激光钻孔用在绿色光谱范围内发射脉冲辐射的激光器进行,特别是在500nm至550nm的光谱范围内。脉冲长度优选地在纳秒范围内。经集束的激光辐射沿着贯通部的预期边缘面移动,例如以螺旋状移动。如果加工出了整个边缘面,则可以将由激光限定(umschriebene)的玻璃材料去除,或者由于重力作用而从现在制成的贯通部中掉落。合适的激光器例如是Nd:YAG激光器或Yb:YAG激光器。
如果穿过内玻璃板的贯通部应具有覆盖了边缘面的灯座,则这优选地在贯通部钻孔之后并且在将其布置成层堆叠之前进行。灯座例如可以通过注塑成型来制成,其中将它直接喷射到内玻璃板上或者事后安装,例如粘贴。
在方法步骤(iii)中,内玻璃板的贯通部和至少一个热塑性层(如果存在的话)的贯通部重合布置,从而它们一起形成凹槽。如果存在多个热塑性层,其中只有一个具有贯通部,则其在层堆叠中当然被布置成与内玻璃板直接接触。如果存在多个热塑性层,其中一些具有贯通部而另一些没有贯通部,则具有贯通部的层当然被布置成彼此直接接触并且整个直接邻接于层堆叠中的内玻璃板。
在将玻璃板和层布置成层堆叠之前提供电导线。如果所述导线应由玻璃板之一上的透明涂层形成,则预先涂覆该玻璃板的相应表面,例如通过物理气相沉积(PVD),特别优选通过阴极溅射(“溅射”),非常特别优选通过磁场辅助的阴极溅射(“磁控管溅射”),或通过其他薄层方法,例如通过化学气相沉积(CVD),特别是等离子体辅助的化学气相沉积(PECVD),通过蒸镀或通过原子层沉积(atomic layer deposition,ALD)。只要没有在涂覆期间通过掩蔽技术直接形成所述导线,随后优选借助于在涂层中通过激光烧蚀产生的绝缘线将其从涂层中加工出来。
如果要在载体膜上提供导线,则将载体膜布置在层堆叠中的两个热塑性层之间。
其他类型的导线例如可以用包含玻璃料和银颗粒的印刷膏通过丝网印刷印制并烘烤在玻璃板的一个表面上,或者通过将金属线插入中间层中来产生。
如果所述导线由外玻璃板的内部空间侧表面上的涂层形成,则该方法特别优选按以下顺序进行:
1.涂覆外玻璃板的内部空间侧表面
2.在涂层中激光烧蚀绝缘线以形成用于光源的电导线以及用于按钮的平面电极和导线
3.使外玻璃板和内玻璃板弯曲
4.激光钻孔穿过内玻璃板的贯通部并产生穿过至少一个热塑性层或穿过所有热塑性层(如果使用多个的话)的贯通部,
5.层压由外玻璃板、至少一层热塑性层和内玻璃板组成的复合玻璃板
6.装入光源和光学元件
如果所述导线由内玻璃板的表面上的涂层形成,则该方法特别优选按以下顺序进行:
1.涂覆内玻璃板的内部空间侧或外侧表面
2.在涂层中激光烧蚀绝缘线以形成用于光源的电导线以及用于按钮的平面电极和导线
3.使外玻璃板和内玻璃板弯曲
4.激光钻孔穿过内玻璃板的贯通部
5.在贯通部的边缘面上安装灯座
6.层压由外玻璃板、至少一个热塑性层和内玻璃板组成的复合玻璃板
7.将光源和光学元件装入灯座中
如上所述,在此,灯座优选地形成有用于光源的接触面、用于导线的连接面以及将接触面与连接面连接的集成的连接导线。
在上述两个特别优选的实施方案中,电导线和按钮由同一涂层形成。或者,也可以仅由涂层形成导线,而按钮通过两个热塑性层之间的插入的载体膜制成,反之亦然。
如果导线由载体膜上的涂层形成,则该方法特别优选按以下顺序进行:
1.使外玻璃板和内玻璃板弯曲并至少提供第一和第二热塑性层
2.激光钻孔穿过内玻璃板的贯通部并产生穿过第一热塑性层的贯通部,
3.按以下顺序产生层堆叠:外玻璃板-第二热塑性层,至少一个具有导线和按钮的表面电极及其导线的载体膜-第一热塑性层-内玻璃板,
4.层压该复合玻璃板
5.装入光源和光学元件
一方面用于光源的导线和另一方面按钮的表面电极和导线可以提供在同一载体膜上或两个不同的载体膜上。
层堆叠在工艺步骤(iv)中被层压成复合玻璃板。为此可以使用本身已知的方法,例如高压釜法、真空袋法、真空环法、压延法、真空层压机或其组合。在此,玻璃板通常在热、真空和/或压力的作用下通过中间层连接。
通常,以给出的顺序进行方法步骤(v)和(vi),即首先装入光源,然后装入光学元件。如果将光源和光学元件合并成一个部件,例如通过灯座,则它们可以同时装入。
光源在方法步骤(v)中优选通过焊接、特别是超声焊接或通过导电粘合剂与导线连接。在方法步骤(v)之前,将连接材料(焊料或粘合剂)施加在光源的接触面或导线的接触面上。
本发明还包括根据本发明的交通工具天窗玻璃在交通工具、优选机动车、特别是乘用车中的用途。在此,光源优选用作阅读灯。
参考附图和示例性实施例更详细地解释本发明。附图是示意性图示而不是按比例绘制的。附图不以任何方式限制本发明。其中:
图1示出了根据本发明的交通工具天窗玻璃的一个实施方案的平面图,
图2示出了沿X-X′穿过图1的交通工具天窗玻璃的横截面,
图3示出了图1的交通工具天窗玻璃的一部分的俯视图,其具有凹槽A但没有光源4和光学元件5,
图4示出了沿X-X′穿过根据本发明的交通工具天窗玻璃的另一个实施方案的横截面,
图5示出了沿X-X′穿过通过根据本发明的交通工具天窗玻璃的另一个实施方案的横截面。
图1、图2和图3示出了根据本发明的交通工具天窗玻璃的实施方案的各一个细节。该交通工具天窗玻璃是由外玻璃板1和内玻璃板2组成的复合玻璃板,它们通过热塑性中间层3彼此连接。外玻璃板1和内玻璃板2例如由钠钙玻璃构成并且例如具有2.1mm的厚度。中间层由厚度为例如0.76mm的基于PVB的膜形成。在环绕的周边区域中,该交通工具天窗玻璃具有不透明的掩蔽区域,其例如通过外玻璃板1的朝向中间层3的内部空间侧表面上的黑色覆盖印刷物10来实现。在安装位置,外玻璃板1朝向外部环境,内玻璃板2朝向交通工具内部空间。
外玻璃板1的朝向中间层3的内部空间侧表面此外具有透明的导电涂层8。该涂层8例如作为防晒涂层提供并且包括一个或多个薄银层以及介电层。
交通工具天窗玻璃具有四个凹槽A。每个凹槽A是穿过内玻璃板2和中间层3的贯通部。因此导电涂层8暴露在凹槽A中。
将光源4安装在凹槽A中。光源4为发光二极管(LED),其电接触面与涂层8直接接触。接触面例如通过焊料或导电粘合剂与电导线6.1、6.2连接,电导线6.1、6.2由涂层8通过绝缘线形成。导线6.1、6.2用于将光源4连接到电压源的正极和负极,特别是交通工具的车载电气系统。导线6.1、6.2从光源4延伸到交通工具天窗玻璃的周边区域,在那里它们例如与扁平带状导体接触,通过所述扁平带状导体建立与电压源的连接。为了与光源4的触点连接,导线6.1、6.2可以在凹槽A内具有未示出的接触面,其例如通过含银丝网印刷物形成在涂层8上。
光源4指向交通工具的内部空间。在光源4的光束路径中,布置了光学元件5,其同样装入凹槽A中。光学元件5用于光源4的光的光束整形并且例如形成为由透明聚碳酸酯制成的菲涅尔透镜或TIR透镜。
光学元件5直接夹紧在穿过内玻璃板2的贯通部中。该贯通部是以锥形形成的,并且从内玻璃板2的朝向中间层3的外侧表面出发直至背对中间层3的内部空间侧表面。光学元件具有侧向布置的弹性制动凸耳,其直接紧贴在贯通部的边缘面上并与其建立力锁合的连接。通过贯通部的锥形形成,连接还更加稳定。光学元件5因此被稳定地固定在凹槽A中。
存在总共四个具有光源4和光学元件5的凹槽A。在此,将光源4如此分布在天窗玻璃上,从而将每个光源4分配给交通工具乘员之一(驾驶员、副驾驶员、右后座、左后座)并且布置在其座位上方。光源4例如充当交通工具乘员的阅读灯。
因为电导线6.1、6.2和光学元件5是透明的,所以阅读灯的集成在光学上是不显眼的。此外,光学元件5和光源4可以经由内玻璃板2的背对中间层3的内部空间侧表面容易地取出,例如用于维护、修理或更换目的。例如,可以用工具将光学元件的制动凸耳压紧,以取出光学元件5。
每个光源4都分配有一个布置在其附近的电容式按钮9。通过按钮9,操作者可以彼此独立地打开和关闭光源4,从而每个交通工具乘员可以独立于其他人操作他们的阅读灯。按钮9同样由涂层8形成。通过绝缘线,在涂层8中实现了第一表面电极9.1和第二表面电极9.2以及导线9.3、9.4,它们分别从表面电极9.1、9.2延伸到天窗玻璃的周边区域,以在那里例如与扁平导体电接触,并与控制单元连接。表面电极9.1、9.2是电容耦合的并且由于通过手指的接近而引起的电容变化,记录手指的接近。这由控制单元记录,由此触发开关过程,以打开或关闭光源4。
或者,用于光源4和按钮9的导线6.1、6.2也可以由两个不同的涂层形成。例如,用于光源4的导线可以由外玻璃板1的内部空间侧表面上的涂层8形成并且表面电极9.1、9.2和导线9.3、9.4可以提供在中间层3的两个热塑性层之间的载体膜上。
图4示出了穿过根据本发明的交通工具天窗玻璃的另一个实施方案的横截面。外玻璃板1和内玻璃板2如图1-3的实施方案中那样形成。中间层3包括两个热塑性层3.1、3.2,它们例如分别由厚度例如为0.38mm的基于PVB的膜形成并且平面叠置布置。
在热塑性层3.1、3.2之间局部插入载体膜3c,其在朝向内玻璃板2的表面上具有透明导电的,例如包含银的涂层8。载体膜3c从天窗玻璃的周边区域延伸到凹槽A下方。凹槽A在此由穿过内玻璃板2的贯通部和穿过与其接触的第一热塑性层3a的贯通部形成。载体膜3c上的涂层8暴露在凹槽A中。通过涂层8形成用于连接光源4的电导线6.1、6.2。
载体膜3c例如是条状形成的,其中图3中的导线6.1、6.2的整体的外边界也形成载体膜3c的外边界。然后可以在涂层8中通过绝缘线将两条导线6.1、6.2彼此分开。可以插入另一载体膜用于电容式按钮9,由其涂层形成表面电极9.1、9.2。替代地,也可以由共同的载体膜3c的涂层8形成导线6.1、6.2和按钮9。
光源4和光学元件5又被装入到凹槽中。光源4连接到载体膜3c的导线6.1、6.2。光学元件5借助于侧向制动凸耳直接夹紧到内玻璃板2的贯通部中,为此目的其是锥形形成的。
图5示出了穿过根据本发明的交通工具天窗玻璃的另一实施方案的横截面。外玻璃板1和内玻璃板2如图1-3的实施方案中那样形成。中间层3又由厚度为0.76mm的基于PVB的一个单个的膜形成。然而,中间层3在此没有贯通部。凹槽4仅通过穿过内玻璃板2的贯通部形成。将灯座7装入凹槽4中,灯座7覆盖穿过内玻璃板2的贯通部的边缘面并延伸到内玻璃板2的背对中间层3的内部空间侧表面的周围区域上。灯座7例如由透明的聚碳酸酯制成。
内玻璃板2的背对中间层3的内部空间侧表面具有透明的导电涂层8。涂层8例如是降低发射率的涂层,其包括基于ITO的薄层和介电层。涂层8是耐腐蚀的,因此它可以用在内玻璃板2的暴露表面上。由涂层8通过绝缘线形成两条电导线6.1、6.2,它们用于接触光源4并且分别与灯座7的延伸到内玻璃板2的内部空间侧表面上的部分中的电连接面接触。
灯座7具有袋状凹槽,该凹槽朝向内玻璃板2的内部空间侧表面开口。光源4被装入到该凹槽中并且与灯座7的底面上的接触面接触。灯座7的接触面和连接面通过电导体彼此连接,所述电导体例如作为金属线在灯座7内部中延伸,使得电导线6.1、6.2与光源4之间的电连接经由灯座7来建立。光学元件5同样被装入灯座7的凹槽中并在那里啮合。例如,光学元件5又可以形成有嵌接接合在灯座7中的互补开口中的制动凸耳,或者灯座7可以配备有制动凸耳,该制动凸耳在光学元件5上闭合。
按钮8同样可以通过绝缘线由涂层8形成。或者,例如,可以选择如图4中的中间层3的多层结构,其中在插入的载体膜3c上提供表面电极9.1、9.2。
附图标记列表:
(1)外玻璃板
(2)内玻璃板
(3)热塑性中间层
(3a)中间层3的第一层
(3b)中间层3的第二层
(3c)中间层3中的载体膜
(4)光源
(5)光学元件
(6.1、6.2)用于连接光源4的电导线
(7)灯座
(8)透明导电涂层
(9)按钮
(9.1)按钮9的第一表面电极
(9.2)按钮9的第二表面电极
(9.3)第一表面电极9.1的导线
(9.4)第二表面电极9.2的导线
(10)覆盖印刷物
(A)凹槽
X-X′剖面线
Claims (15)
1.交通工具天窗玻璃,包括外玻璃板(1)和内玻璃板(2),它们通过热塑性中间层(3)彼此连接,
其具有至少一个凹槽(A),所述凹槽(A)至少通过穿过内玻璃板(2)的贯通部形成并且从那里出发任选延伸到中间层(3)中或穿过中间层(3),
其中将光源(4)和光学元件(5)装入凹槽(A)中,使得光源(4)具有比光学元件(5)更小的与外玻璃板(1)的距离并且光源(4)指向光学元件(5),
并且其中交通工具天窗玻璃还配备有与光源(4)连接的电导线(6.1、6.2)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的交通工具天窗玻璃,其中穿过内玻璃板(2)的贯通部通过环绕的边缘面界定并且光学元件(5)
-被力锁合地直接夹紧在贯通部中,
-被力锁合地夹紧在覆盖了边缘面的灯座(7)中,或者
-与覆盖了边缘面的灯座(7)形状锁合地啮合,
其中光学元件(5)或灯座(7)配备有可弹性变形的制动凸耳。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的交通工具天窗玻璃,其中所述光学元件(5)是透镜,优选菲涅尔透镜或TIR透镜。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的交通工具天窗玻璃,其中穿过内玻璃板(2)的贯通部由环绕的边缘面界定并且以锥形形成,使得其从内玻璃板(2)的朝向中间层(3)的表面出发逐渐变细,并且其中光学元件(5)直接夹紧在贯通部中。
5.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的交通工具天窗玻璃,其中穿过内玻璃板(2)的贯通部由环绕的边缘面界定并且具有灯座(7),所述灯座(7)覆盖了边缘面且光学元件(5)装入其中。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的交通工具天窗玻璃,其中凹槽(A)是通过穿过内玻璃板(2)和整个中间层(3)的贯通部形成的,并且其中导线(6.1、6.2)是由在外玻璃板(1)的朝向中间层(3)的表面上的透明导电涂层(8)形成的。
7.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的交通工具天窗玻璃,其中所述中间层(3)包括至少两个热塑性层(3a、3b),
并且其中凹槽(A)通过穿过内玻璃板(2)的贯通部和邻接内玻璃板(2)的热塑性层(3a)形成,
并且其中将载体膜(3c)布置在所述热塑性层(3a、3b)之间在交通工具天窗玻璃的包含凹槽(A)的区域中,
并且其中导线(6.1、6.2)是由载体膜(3c)上的透明导电涂层(8)形成的。
8.根据权利要求5所述的交通工具天窗玻璃,其中所述导线(6.1、6.2)是由在内玻璃板(2)的朝向中间层(3)的表面上或在内玻璃板(3)的背对中间层(3)的表面上的透明涂层(8)形成的,
并且其中光源(4)同样被装入灯座(7)中并通过集成到灯座(7)中的连接导体与导线(6.1、6.2)连接。
9.根据权利要求6至8中任一项所述的交通工具天窗玻璃,其中导线(6.1、6.2)的尺寸被确定为使得它们同样形成用于光源(4)的串联电阻。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的交通工具天窗玻璃,其中所述光学元件(5)由透明聚合物制成,优选由聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)或聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)制成。
11.根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的交通工具天窗玻璃,其包含用于打开和关闭光源(4)的电容式按钮(9),其中如果存在多个光源(4),给每个光源(4)分配一个自己的按钮(9)。
12.根据权利要求11所述的交通工具天窗玻璃,只要退缩至权利要求6至9中任一项,其中所述按钮(9)是由与所述导线(6.1、6.2)相同的涂层(8)形成的。
13.用于制造交通工具天窗玻璃的方法,其中
(i)提供外玻璃板(1)、内玻璃板(2)和至少一个热塑性层,
(ii)制成穿过内玻璃板(2)和任选穿过热塑性层的贯通部,
(iii)将外玻璃板(1)、所述至少一个热塑性层和内玻璃板(2)以给出的顺序布置成层堆叠,其中内玻璃板(2)的贯通部,任选与所述至少一个热塑性层的贯通部一起,形成凹槽(A),
(iv)将所述层堆叠层压成复合玻璃板,其中由所述至少一个热塑性层制成热塑性中间层(3),
(v)将光源(4)以其光束方向背对外玻璃板(1)的方式装入凹槽(A)中,并且光源(4)与电导线(6)连接,所述电导线(6)存在于外玻璃板(1)或内玻璃板(2)的表面上或在中间层(3)内,
(vi)在光源(4)的光束路径中,将光学元件(5)装入凹槽(A)中。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其中在布置层堆叠之前弯曲外玻璃板(1)和内玻璃板(2),并且其中在弯曲的内玻璃板(2)中通过激光钻孔产生贯通部。
15.根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的交通工具天窗玻璃在机动车中的用途,其中使用光源(4)作为阅读灯。
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KR102035948B1 (ko) | 2015-08-18 | 2019-11-08 | 쌩-고벵 글래스 프랑스 | 저-e 코팅 및 용량성 스위칭 영역을 갖는 판유리를 포함하는 판유리 배열체 |
EP3264241A1 (en) | 2016-06-29 | 2018-01-03 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Lighting laminated glazing with a capacitive touch sensitive device and a light emitting diode and the manufacturing |
EP3264242A1 (en) | 2016-06-29 | 2018-01-03 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Touch control glazing with a capacitive touch sensitive device and a light emitting diode and the manufacturing |
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