CN117072062A - Rotary directional drilling tool, drilling tubular column and drilling regulation and control method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a rotary directional drilling tool, a drilling pipe string and a drilling control method. The rotary directional drilling tool includes: a tool housing, an inner shaft, a rotor, an upper sealing piston, a lower sealing piston and a lower piston fixed shaft. The inner shaft, The rotor and the lower piston fixed shaft are both arranged in the tool housing and are distributed in sequence, and are provided with flow channels for transporting drilling fluid. The tool housing is provided with a stator that matches the rotor; the upper sealing piston and the lower sealing piston are both provided in the tool. inside the shell and sealingly cooperates with the inner wall of the tool shell respectively; an internal fluid channel is formed between the upper sealing piston and the lower sealing piston; the tool shell is provided with a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet that are respectively connected with the internal fluid channel, and the fluid inlet is located between the lower sealing piston and the lower sealing piston. Between the rotors, the fluid outlet is set between the upper sealing piston and the rotors, which solves the technical problem of relatively difficult rotary steerable drilling operations.

Description

Rotary directional drilling tool, drilling string and drilling control method

Technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas drilling engineering, and in particular to a rotary directional drilling tool, a drilling pipe string and a drilling control method.

Background technique

Directional drilling refers to the drilling technology that drills according to the pre-designed well inclination and orientation to achieve the expected well trajectory. Existing directional drilling technology can be divided into sliding directional drilling technology and rotary steerable drilling technology according to the different working methods of steering tools. Sliding directional drilling technology and rotary steerable drilling technology have different adaptability ranges, so it is necessary to choose different drilling methods according to different working conditions during the drilling process. Rotary steerable drilling technology is expensive and is only suitable for use in key wells and high-profit areas, and in areas where reservoirs are relatively stable; sliding directional drilling is still the main directional drilling method. As the horizontal section increases, friction becomes larger during traditional sliding directional drilling, and the problem of supporting pressure becomes more prominent. In view of the high cost of rotary steerable drilling technology and the limited length of the horizontal section of traditional sliding directional drilling, it is necessary to develop new rotary directional drilling control tools and control methods.

Chinese invention patent CN108868604B discloses a mechanical downhole torque separation and transmission tool. It is based on a conventional bent screw lower drilling tool assembly. The tool is installed on the drill string, and the drill string rotation and directional drilling is realized through the separation of torque by the tool. This tool can replace the rotary steerable drilling system to achieve directional drilling of the rotary drill string, and is used for directional drilling of complex structural wells such as directional wells, horizontal wells, and extended reach wells. However, only rotary drilling can be achieved.

Chinese invention patent CN111411904B discloses an RFID-based downhole torque clutch drilling drag reduction device that transmits ground control signals through radio frequency balls. It adopts an integral gear pair structure to allow the internal gear and the external gear to move up and down to achieve meshing and separation. , overcomes the defect that the separated dog clutch is prone to eccentric wear, and at the same time overcomes the defect that the mechanical clutch structure cannot ensure random and effective meshing, and improves the reliability and stability of the clutch system. However, it requires the use of RFID technology, which increases the difficulty of operation.

Chinese invention patent CN105525871B discloses a hydraulic torque converter, which proposes a hydraulic torque converter with simple structure, reliable performance, high control accuracy and easy operation. When the orientation of the tool face needs to be changed during the drilling process, the rotational speed of the drill string is increased. Since the drill string is connected to the central shaft, the rotational speed of the central shaft will also increase. The central shaft is connected to the torque generator. For torque generation As the input speed increases, the clockwise torque output by it will also increase. When the generated clockwise torque is greater than the counterclockwise torque transmitted by the bottom hole assembly, the bottom hole assembly will rotate in the clockwise direction. , when the tool face turns to the designed orientation, reducing the drill string rotation speed also reduces the output torque of the torque generator. When drilling and breaking rock, as long as the drill string rotation speed is controlled so that the output torque of the torque generator is consistent with the bottom hole tool assembly If the counter torques are equal, pilot drilling can be carried out. However, the need to identify changes in tool face angle during drilling brings difficulties to the operation.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a rotary directional drilling tool, a drilling pipe string and a drilling control method to solve the technical problem of relatively difficult rotary directional drilling operations.

The above objects of the present invention can be achieved by adopting the following technical solutions:

The invention provides a rotary directional drilling tool, which includes: a tool housing, an inner shaft, a rotor, an upper sealing piston, a lower sealing piston and a lower piston fixed shaft. The inner shaft, the rotor and the lower piston fixed shaft are all provided with are located in the tool housing and are distributed in sequence, and the inner shaft, the rotor and the lower piston fixed shaft are connected to rotate together, and are provided with flow channels for transporting drilling fluid, and are provided in the tool housing There is a stator matching the rotor;

The upper sealing piston and the lower sealing piston are both arranged in the tool housing and sealingly cooperate with the inner wall of the tool housing respectively;

The upper sealing piston is sleeved outside the inner shaft and located above the rotor. The lower sealing piston is sleeved outside the lower piston fixed shaft and located below the rotor. The upper sealing piston is connected to the inner shaft. An internal fluid channel is formed between the lower sealing pistons;

The tool housing is provided with a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet that are respectively connected with the internal fluid channel. The fluid inlet is located between the lower sealing piston and the rotor, and the fluid outlet is located between the upper sealing piston and the rotor. between the rotors.

In a preferred embodiment, the rotary directional drilling tool includes a nozzle mechanism disposed in the inner fluid channel and above the rotor, and the fluid in the inner fluid channel at least partially flows through the Describe the nozzle mechanism.

In a preferred embodiment, the nozzle mechanism includes a nozzle holder, the nozzle holder is sleeved outside the inner shaft and fixed to the tool housing, and the nozzle holder is provided with a through hole penetrating up and down.

In a preferred embodiment, the nozzle seat is in sealing fit with the outer wall of the inner shaft, and the outer wall of the nozzle seat is in sealing fit with the inner wall of the tool housing.

In a preferred embodiment, the nozzle seat is provided with a plurality of the through holes, and at least one of the through holes is provided with a pressure nozzle.

In a preferred embodiment, the rotary directional drilling tool includes a plurality of nozzle mechanisms arranged longitudinally at intervals.

In a preferred embodiment, the inner shaft includes an upper piston fixed shaft, a central shaft, and a lower central shaft. The upper piston fixed shaft, the central shaft, and the lower central shaft are distributed and connected in sequence. The sealing piston is set outside the upper piston fixed shaft, and the nozzle seat is set outside the central axis.

In a preferred embodiment, the tool housing includes an upper fixed shaft housing, a pressure difference control assembly housing and a lower piston housing distributed in sequence, and the nozzle seat is fixed to the pressure difference control assembly housing and sealingly fits.

In a preferred embodiment, the tool housing includes a stator housing connected to the upper end of the lower piston housing, the stator is disposed on the stator housing, and the stator and the rotor are respectively provided with matching screw structures.

In a preferred embodiment, the rotary directional drilling tool includes a diverter cone, the diverter cone is disposed in the inner fluid channel and between the rotor and the nozzle seat, and the diverter cone is sleeved outside the lower central axis.

In a preferred embodiment, the inner shaft includes a transmission shaft, a water cap, an internal conversion joint, a universal shaft and a flow channel conversion joint distributed in sequence, and the lower end of the flow channel conversion joint is connected to the upper piston fixed shaft .

In a preferred embodiment, a bearing is provided between the inner wall of the tool housing and the transmission shaft.

The present invention provides a drilling pipe string, which includes: a lower drilling tool and the above-mentioned rotary directional drilling tool, and the lower drilling tool is connected to the lower end of the rotary directional drilling tool.

The present invention provides a drilling control method using the above-mentioned rotary directional drilling tool. The drilling control method includes: adjusting the rotation speed of the rotor to regulate the output torque that drives the tool housing to rotate.

The characteristics and advantages of the present invention are:

The inner shaft can be rigidly connected to the upper drilling tool. During the rotation of the rotor, part of the drilling fluid in the annulus between the tool housing and the well wall is sucked into the internal fluid channel through the fluid inlet; the drilling fluid entering the internal fluid channel flows The mechanical energy is transmitted to the tool housing through the annulus between the rotor and the stator, and the driving torque of the tool housing is generated. By adjusting the driving torque transmitted from the screw rotor to the stator tool housing, the conversion between the "off" and "on" states of the upper drilling tool and the lower drilling tool is completed. The motion state of the lower drilling tool completely depends on the driving torque and the driving torque of the tool housing. The result of competing bottom reaction torques.

Through this rotating directional drilling tool, the upper drill string can move relative to the lower drill string at the bottom. When it is not directional, the drill string rotates for drilling, and the lower drill string rotates for drilling relative to the upper drill string. This is compound drilling; directional drilling During drilling, the drill string rotates for drilling, and the drill tool assembly below slides for drilling. This rotary directional drilling tool does not need to identify the tool face angle. It can realize the conversion between the "off" state and the "on" state by directly comparing the reaction torque of the bent screw at the bottom of the hole with the torque generated by the hydraulic clutch control device in the tool. , the operation difficulty is relatively low; there is no need to use electrical signal technology, and the work reliability is higher.

Description of the drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings without exerting creative efforts.

Figure 1 is a working schematic diagram of the rotary directional drilling tool provided by the present invention;

Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the rotary directional drilling tool provided by the present invention;

Figure 3 is a partial structural diagram of the upper part of the transmission shaft assembly in the rotary directional drilling tool shown in Figure 2;

Figure 4 is a partial structural schematic diagram of the lower part of the transmission shaft assembly in the rotary directional drilling tool shown in Figure 2;

Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the pressure difference control assembly in the rotary directional drilling tool shown in Figure 2;

Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the screw assembly in the rotary directional drilling tool shown in Figure 2;

Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the nozzle mechanism in the rotary directional drilling tool provided by the present invention.

Explanation of reference numbers:

101. Tool housing; 102. Inner shaft; 103. Flow channel;

110. Internal fluid channel; 111. Fluid inlet; 112. Fluid outlet;

1. Drive shaft; 2. Upper TC bearing inner ring; 3. Upper TC bearing outer ring;

4. Drive shaft housing;

5. Bearing outer positioning piece; 6. Bearing inner positioning piece A; 7. Bearing inner positioning piece B;

8. String bearing;

9. Lower TC bearing outer ring; 10. Lower TC bearing inner ring;

11. Water cap; 12. Internal conversion joint;

13. Universal shaft;

14. Universal shaft housing;

15. Flow channel adapter;

16. The upper piston fixes the shaft; 17. The upper sealing piston;

18. Upper fixed shaft housing;

19. Central shaft; 20. Pressure difference control assembly housing; 21. Fixing screws;

22. Nozzle mechanism; 221. Nozzle seat; 222. Through hole;

23. Diverter cone;

24. Lower central axis;

25. Lower center shaft housing;

26. Stator shell; 261. Stator;

27. Rotor;

28. Lower piston fixed shaft; 29. Lower sealing piston;

30. Lower piston shell.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Option One

The invention provides a rotary directional drilling tool, as shown in Figures 1 to 6. The rotary directional drilling tool includes: a tool housing 101, an inner shaft 102, a rotor, an upper sealing piston, a lower sealing piston 29 and a lower piston fixed shaft. 28. The inner shaft 102, the rotor and the lower piston fixed shaft 28 are all arranged in the tool housing 101 and distributed in sequence, and the inner shaft 102, the rotor and the lower piston fixed shaft 28 are connected to rotate together, and are provided with a shaft for transporting drilling fluid. The flow channel 103 is provided with a stator 261 that matches the rotor in the tool housing 101; the upper sealing piston and the lower sealing piston 29 are both provided in the tool housing 101 and are respectively sealingly matched with the inner wall of the tool housing 101; the upper sealing piston is sleeved Outside the inner shaft 102 and above the rotor, the lower sealing piston 29 is sleeved outside the lower piston fixed shaft 28 and below the rotor 27. An internal fluid channel 110 is formed between the upper sealing piston 17 and the lower sealing piston 29; tool housing 101 is provided with a fluid inlet 111 and a fluid outlet 112 that are respectively connected with the inner fluid channel 110. The fluid inlet 111 is located between the lower sealing piston 29 and the rotor, and the fluid outlet 112 is located between the upper sealing piston 29 and the rotor.

The inner shaft 102 can be rigidly connected to the upper drilling tool and is used to transmit the rotation of the upper drill string to the rotor. The tool housing 101 is rigidly connected to the lower bottom hole assembly. During the rotation of the rotor, part of the drilling fluid in the annulus between the tool housing 101 and the well wall is sucked into the internal fluid channel 110 through the fluid inlet 111; the drilling fluid entering the internal fluid channel 110 flows between the rotor and the stator 261. annulus, and transmits mechanical energy to the tool housing 101 through the stator 261 to generate a driving torque of the tool housing 101. By adjusting the driving torque transmitted from the rotor to the stator 261 and the tool housing 101, the conversion between the "off" and "on" states of the upper drilling tool and the lower drilling tool is completed. The motion state of the lower drilling tool completely depends on the tool housing 101. The result of competition between driving torque and bottom reaction torque.

Through this rotating directional drilling tool, the upper drill string can move relative to the lower drill string. When it is not directional, the drill string rotates for drilling, and the lower drill string rotates for drilling relative to the upper drill string. This is compound drilling; directional drilling When drilling, the drill string rotates and drills, and the drill tool assembly below slides and drills. This rotary directional drilling tool does not need to identify the tool face angle. It can realize the conversion between the "off" state and the "on" state by directly comparing the reaction torque of the bent screw at the bottom of the hole with the torque generated by the hydraulic clutch control device in the tool. , the operation difficulty is relatively low; there is no need to use electrical signal technology, and the work reliability is higher.

Part of the drilling fluid in the annulus enters the inner fluid channel 110 through the fluid inlet 111 and flows upward in the inner fluid channel 110. It is discharged from the fluid outlet 112 and returns to the annulus. The drilling fluid flows in the inner fluid channel 110. Medium pressure drops, that is, there is a pressure difference between the fluid inlet 111 and the fluid outlet 112. Due to the structure of the fluid inlet 111, the fluid outlet 112 and the internal fluid channel 110, the pressure of the drilling fluid will decrease during the upward flow process.

In some embodiments, the rotary directional drilling tool includes a nozzle mechanism. The nozzle mechanism is disposed in the inner fluid channel 110 and located above the rotor. The fluid in the inner fluid channel 110 at least partially flows through the nozzle mechanism. The nozzle mechanism in the inner fluid channel 110 When the drilling fluid flows through the nozzle mechanism, a pressure drop will occur, which is beneficial to increasing the pressure drop of the drilling fluid flowing through the internal fluid channel 110 . Preferably, the fluid in the inner fluid channel 110 all passes through the nozzle mechanism.

As shown in Figures 5 and 7, the nozzle mechanism includes a nozzle seat 221. The nozzle seat 221 is sleeved outside the inner shaft 102 and fixed to the tool housing 101. The nozzle seat 221 is provided with a through hole 222 that penetrates up and down, and the inner fluid channel 110 Drilling fluid can flow upward through this channel. Further, the nozzle seat 221 is in sealing fit with the outer wall of the inner shaft 102 , and the outer wall of the nozzle seat 221 is in sealing fit with the inner wall of the tool housing 101 , so that the drilling fluid in the internal fluid channel 110 needs to flow upward through the through hole 222 of the nozzle seat 221 , which is conducive to regulating the pressure drop of the drilling fluid through the nozzle mechanism.

In one embodiment, the nozzle seat 221 is provided with a plurality of through holes 222, and at least one through hole 222 is provided with a pressure nozzle. When the drilling fluid in the inner fluid channel 110 flows through the nozzle, a pressure drop is generated. The plurality of pressure nozzles can Adopt a circular arrangement. Preferably, the rotary directional drilling tool includes a plurality of nozzle mechanisms. As shown in FIG. 5 , the plurality of nozzle mechanisms are arranged at intervals along the longitudinal direction. The internal flow area of the nozzle is reduced, resulting in a relatively large pressure drop.

The multiple nozzle mechanisms control the pressure drop of the inner fluid channel 110 to control the pressure difference at the inlet and outlet of the annulus area between the stator 261 and the rotor, thereby controlling the driving torque of the tool housing 101 . The nozzle mechanism is provided with a certain number of pressure nozzles. The entrance to the annular area between the stator 261 and the rotor can be controlled by adjusting the number of the nozzle mechanism, or the number of pressure nozzles installed in the nozzle mechanism, or the diameter of the central hole of the pressure nozzle. and outlet pressure difference.

Further, the tool housing 101 includes a pressure difference control assembly housing 20 , the nozzle mechanism is located in the pressure difference control assembly housing 20 , and the nozzle seat 221 is fixed to the inner wall of the pressure difference control assembly housing 20 .

In one embodiment, the rotary directional drilling tool includes a flow diverter cone disposed in the inner fluid channel 110 and between the rotor and the nozzle seat 221 , and the diverter cone is disposed in the differential pressure control assembly housing 20 . A number of fluid through holes are evenly distributed on the surface of the diverter cone, and the diverter cone can adopt existing technology.

As shown in Figures 4 and 5, the inner shaft 102 includes an upper piston fixed shaft, a central shaft and a lower central shaft. The upper piston fixed shaft, central shaft and lower central shaft are distributed and connected in sequence. The upper sealing piston is sleeved on the upper piston. Outside the fixed shaft, the nozzle seat 221 is placed outside the central shaft, and the diverter cone is placed outside the lower central shaft. The tool housing 101 includes an upper fixed shaft housing, a pressure difference control assembly housing and a lower piston housing 30 distributed in sequence. The nozzle seat 221 is fixedly connected to the pressure difference control assembly housing and sealingly matched.

As shown in FIG. 6 , the tool housing 101 includes a stator housing 26 connected to the upper end of the lower piston housing 30 . The stator 261 is disposed on the inner wall of the stator housing 26 . Preferably, the stator 261 and the stator housing 26 are an integral structure. In one embodiment, the stator 261 and the rotor are respectively provided with matching screw structures. Specifically, the rotor is a screw as shown in FIG. 6 , the stator 261 is adapted to the screw, and the stator 261 and the rotor form a screw mechanism.

In one embodiment, the inner shaft 102 includes a transmission shaft, a water cap, an internal conversion joint, a universal shaft and a flow channel conversion joint distributed in sequence. As shown in Figures 3-6, the lower end of the flow channel conversion joint and the upper piston Fixed shaft connection. The water cap, internal conversion joint, and fluid conversion joint are all fluid channels for drilling fluid inside the tool; since the rotor rotates both by rotation and revolution, the influence of the rotor revolution on the central axis can be eliminated by connecting through a universal shaft.

Further, a bearing is provided between the inner wall of the tool housing 101 and the transmission shaft. Specifically, the bearing includes a TC bearing (i.e., a carbide bearing) and a string bearing.

The drive shaft, central shaft and rotor all have central holes for providing a downward flow channel 103 for drilling fluid inside the tool. The fluid inlet 111 and the fluid outlet 112 respectively communicate with the internal fluid channel 110 of the drill string and the wellbore annulus for the entry and exit of annulus fluid.

As shown in Figures 1 to 3, bearings, drive shaft with center hole, universal shaft, transition joint, flow joint, upper sealing piston, upper piston fixed shaft with center hole, and fluid outlet 112 The upper fixed shaft housing constitutes the transmission shaft assembly, which is used to isolate the rotational motion of the upper and lower drilling tools and separate the fluid inside the drill pipe and the annulus.

As shown in Figure 6, the stator 261, the hollow rotor, the lower piston fixed shaft 28, the lower piston housing with the fluid inlet 111 and the lower sealing piston form a screw assembly.

As shown in Figure 5, the central shaft with a central hole, the pressure difference control housing, the nozzle mechanism and the lower central shaft constitute the pressure difference control assembly. The nozzle mechanism can control the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of the screw mechanism, thereby controlling the torque transmitted from the rotor to the stator housing.

Specifically, the transmission shaft is assembled in the transmission shaft housing by the lower TC bearing outer ring and the lower TC bearing inner ring, the string bearing is assembled at the upper end of the lower TC bearing outer ring and the lower TC bearing inner ring, and the upper TC bearing inner ring is assembled with the transmission shaft. Then assemble the bearing inner positioning piece A and the bearing inner positioning piece B with the transmission shaft. The bearing inner positioning piece A has a detachable structure and is easy to assemble. The upper TC bearing outer ring is assembled to the transmission shaft housing. The transmission shaft and transmission The shaft housing is assembled together, and the water cap is assembled with the inner ring of the lower TC bearing.

The lower end of the water cap is connected to the conversion joint, the universal shaft is assembled inside the internal conversion joint at the lower end, the flow channel conversion joint is assembled to the lower end of the universal shaft, the lower end of the flow channel conversion joint is connected to the upper piston fixed shaft, and the lower end of the transmission shaft housing is connected to the universal shaft in turn Housing and upper fixed shaft housing, an upper sealing piston 17 is installed in the annulus area between the upper piston fixed shaft and the tool housing 101, and a hole is opened in the side wall of the upper fixed shaft housing 18 as the drill string and well wall annulus fluid flows through the tool fluid outlet 112.

The rotary directional drilling tool can be connected to the upper drilling tool and the lower drilling tool assembly, MWD, bent screw and drill bit. The upper drilling tool is connected to the transmission shaft 1 below, the transmission shaft 1 is connected to the TC bearing inner ring 2, the upper TC bearing inner ring 2 is externally connected to the upper TC bearing outer ring 3, the upper TC bearing inner ring 2 is connected to the bearing inner positioning piece A6, and the upper TC bearing inner ring 2 is connected to the upper TC bearing inner ring 2. The TC bearing outer ring 3 is connected to the drive shaft housing 4 and the bearing outer positioning part 5. The bearing inner positioning part A6 is connected to the bearing inner positioning part B7. The bearing inner positioning part B7 and the bearing outer positioning part 5 are connected to the series bearing 8. The series bearing 8 connects the lower TC bearing outer ring 9 and the lower TC bearing inner ring 10, the drive shaft 1 and the lower TC bearing inner ring 10 connect the water cap 11, the drive shaft housing 4 connects the universal shaft housing 14, the universal shaft housing 14 The upper fixed shaft housing 18 is connected below, the water cap 11 is connected to the internal adapter 12, the internal adapter 12 is connected to the universal shaft 13, the universal shaft 13 is connected to the flow channel adapter 15, and the flow channel adapter 15 is connected to the upper piston. Fixed shaft 16, the upper sealing piston 17 is installed in the annulus area of the upper piston fixed shaft 16 and the upper fixed shaft shell 18, the upper piston fixed shaft 16 is connected to the central shaft 19, and the central shaft 19 is installed with the diverter cone 23 and is connected to the lower central shaft 24. , the upper fixed shaft housing 18 is connected to the pressure difference control assembly housing 20 and the lower central shaft housing 25 in turn. Several nozzle mechanisms 22 are installed in the annulus between the central shaft 19 and the pressure difference control assembly housing 20. The nozzle mechanism 22 uses a fixed The screw 21 is fixed. The rotor 27 is connected to the lower central shaft 24 and is externally connected to the stator shell 26. The rotor 27 is connected to the lower piston fixed shaft 28. The lower piston fixed shaft 28 is externally connected to the lower sealing piston 29. The lower sealing piston 29 is externally connected to the lower piston shell 30. The piston shell 30 is connected to the bottom hole assembly, MWD, bent screw, and drill bit.

Drive shaft 1, upper TC bearing inner ring 2, upper TC bearing outer ring 3, drive shaft housing 4, bearing outer positioning piece 5, bearing inner positioning piece A6, bearing inner positioning piece B7, string bearing 8, lower TC bearing outer ring 9. Lower TC bearing inner ring 10, water cap 11, internal conversion joint 12, universal shaft 13, flow channel conversion joint 15, upper piston fixed shaft 16, universal shaft housing 14, upper sealing piston 17, upper fixed shaft housing 18. Assemble the drive shaft assembly. When the upper drilling tool rotates, the transmission shaft assembly will be driven to rotate by the upper drill string, thereby driving the central shaft 19 and the lower central shaft 24 to rotate, so that the transmission shaft assembly drives the screw assembly to rotate.

Specifically, the central shaft 19 in the pressure difference control assembly is connected to the lower end of the upper piston fixed shaft 16, the lower center shaft 24 is connected below the central shaft, and the lower end of the upper fixed shaft housing is connected to the pressure difference control assembly housing and the lower central shaft housing in turn. , several nozzle mechanisms 22 are installed in the annulus area between the central axis and the tool housing 101. Threaded holes are processed on the surface of the tool housing 101, and the nozzle mechanisms are fixed by screws.

Specifically, the hollow rotor 27 inside the screw assembly is connected to the lower central shaft 24. The lower end of the hollow rotor is connected to the lower piston fixed shaft 28. The lower end of the lower central shaft shell 25 is connected to the stator 261 and the lower piston shell 30 in turn. The side wall of the lower piston shell 30 is opened. The hole serves as the annulus fluid inlet 111 between the drill pipe and the well wall, and the lower sealing piston 29 is installed in the annulus area between the lower piston fixed shaft and the tool housing 101 . The rotor 27, stator housing 26, lower piston fixed shaft 28, lower sealing piston 29 and lower piston housing 30 form a screw assembly.

The transmission shaft is rigidly connected to the upper drilling tool and is used to transmit the rotation of the upper drill string to the rotor of the screw assembly. The bearing group is used to isolate the tool housing 101 from the rotation of the transmission shaft and rotor inside the tool. The tool housing 101 is connected to the lower bottom drill string. With combined rigid connection. During the rotation of the rotor, the drilling fluid in the annulus of part of the drill string and the well wall is sucked into the interior of the tool; the rotor transfers mechanical energy to the tool housing 101 through the drilling fluid entering the interior of the tool, generating a driving torque for the tool housing 101. By adjusting the driving torque transmitted from the rotor to the stator housing, the transition between the "off" and "on" states of the upper drilling tool and the lower drilling tool is completed. The motion state of the lower drilling tool completely depends on the driving torque of the tool housing 101 and the bottom The result of competing counter-torques.

The specific working process of this rotary directional drilling tool includes:

The mud pumped into the well from the surface system passes downward through the central hole inside the tool, passes through the drill bit, and enters the annulus area of the drill string and well wall. When the upper drilling tool is stationary and does not rotate, most of the mud in the annulus flows upward through the annulus. Similar to conventional motors, the rotary directional drilling control tool also has a positive displacement power end, so when the upper drilling tool rotates at a certain speed, a certain amount of mud in the annulus of the drill string and well wall will be sucked through the rotor 27 and the stator 261 The cavity between them flows through the screw assembly (the rest of the mud flows through the annulus between the drill string and the well wall). Therefore, a certain pressure difference will be generated between the inlet and outlet of the screw assembly of the rotating directional drilling control tool. This pressure difference can generate a driving torque due to the rotation of the upper drilling tool. This driving torque is used to balance the reaction torque against the drilling of the lower drilling motor.

The nozzle mechanism is used to adjust the pressure difference of the screw assembly; after the mud entering the tool flows through the tool, it returns to the annulus between the drill string and the well wall through the fluid outlet 112 of the upper fixed shaft housing 18 of the tool, so inside the drilling tool No mud loss. The driving torque generated by the rotating directional drilling control tool is equal to the rotational speed when the lower screw reaction torque is called the static driving speed. Different formations have different reaction torques generated by drilling. The pressure nozzle of the nozzle mechanism 22 can be selected on the ground to generate the desired driving torque, thereby setting the static driving speed. The nozzle mechanism controls the pressure difference across the screw assembly, thereby controlling the driving torque generated by the tool. This rotary directional drilling tool realizes annular split hydraulic coupling rotary directional drilling control.

Option II

The invention provides a drilling pipe string, which includes: a lower drilling tool and the above-mentioned rotary directional drilling tool. The lower drilling tool is connected to the lower end of the rotary directional drilling tool. This drilling string has the characteristics and beneficial effects of the above-mentioned rotary directional drilling tool, which will not be described again here.

third solution

The present invention provides a drilling control method using the above-mentioned rotary directional drilling tool. The drilling control method includes: adjusting the rotation speed of the rotor to control the output torque of the rotation of the driving tool housing 101. This drilling control method has the characteristics and beneficial effects of the above-mentioned rotary directional drilling tool, which will not be described again here.

During the rock-breaking drilling process, the drill bit will receive reaction torque (reaction torque) from the formation. The reaction torque is mainly determined by factors such as formation conditions, drilling weight, torque, and rotational speed. Its direction is opposite to the driving torque direction of the tool housing 101; the tool and The drilling tool between the drill bits will be subject to a friction moment, and the direction of the friction moment is always opposite to the direction of movement or movement trend of the tool housing 101 . Taking into account the above situation, in this drilling control method, when the rotation speed of the rotor is adjusted to ensure that the driving torque transmitted to the stator housing through the drilling fluid entering the interior of the tool is greater than the counter-torque experienced by the drill bit, the lower drilling tool will rotate together with the upper drill string. In the "on" state, the drilling tool enters the compound drilling state; when the driving torque of the stator housing is less than the reaction torque on the drill bit, the lower drilling tool cannot rotate, and in the "off" state, the drilling tool enters the directional drilling state; in In the directional drilling state, when the reaction torque of the drill bit below fluctuates, the friction torque can stabilize the movement state of the tool housing 101 and keep the tool in the "off" state.

Specifically, the ground controls the rotation speed of the upper drilling tool to drive the rotor of the screw assembly to rotate. During the rotation of the rotor, the screw assembly produces a pumping and suction effect on the fluid in the annulus between the drill string and the well wall, causing the drill string and the well wall to move. Part of the fluid in the wall annulus enters the inside of the tool of the present invention. The screw assembly can be equivalent to a screw pump, which produces a pumping and boosting effect on the fluid entering the inside of the tool. A high-pressure chamber is formed at the end of the screw assembly to transfer mechanical energy. The fluid entering the tool is converted into hydraulic energy. After passing through the nozzle mechanism, the pressure drops, and the hydraulic energy is converted into mechanical energy of the tool housing 101, thereby generating an output torque that drives the tool housing 101 to rotate.

The calculation model of driving torque is as follows:

Among them, M ₁ is the output torque of the tool, Q ₁ is the flow rate of the fluid entering the inside of the tool, Δp ₁ is the rising pressure of the fluid entering the screw assembly, n ₁ is the screw assembly rotor speed, n ₂ is the screw assembly The speed of the shell, eta _p is the volumetric efficiency of the screw assembly.

Q ₁ = QQ ₂ (2)

Among them, Q is the total flow rate of the drill string and the well wall annulus, and _Q2 is the flow rate of the remaining fluid in the drill string and well wall annulus.

Δp ₁ =Δp ₂ -Δp ₃ (3)

Among them, Δp ₂ is the pressure drop of the fluid entering the tool and flowing through the nozzle assembly, and Δp ₃ is the pressure drop of the fluid in the drill string and well wall annulus when it flows through the inlet and outlet of the tool.

The size of the output torque is mainly determined by the flow rate of the fluid entering the interior of the tool and the pressure increase of the fluid by the screw assembly; the flow rate entering the interior of the tool is determined by the difference in rotational speed between the rotor of the screw assembly and the tool housing 101; the screw assembly The amount of pressure increase on the fluid is determined by the pressure drop of the fluid passing through the nozzle assembly and the pressure drop of the annulus fluid between the drill string and the well wall. During the working process, the output torque is adjusted by adjusting the rotation speed and flow rate of the rotor. The output torque of the tool competes with the reaction torque of the drilling tool below. When the output torque converted from the rotation speed of the upper drilling tool is greater than the reaction torque of the drilling tool below the tool, When, the lower drilling tool is driven to rotate, forming compound drilling; when the output torque converted from the rotational speed of the upper drilling tool is less than or equal to the reaction torque of the lower drilling tool, the lower drilling tool does not rotate, forming directional drilling.

The above are only a few embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to the embodiments of the present invention based on the disclosure of the application documents without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims (14)

1. A rotary directional drilling tool, characterized in that it includes: a tool housing, an inner shaft, a rotor, an upper sealing piston, a lower sealing piston and a lower piston fixed shaft; the inner shaft, the rotor and the lower piston are fixed The shafts are all arranged in the tool housing and distributed in sequence, and the inner shaft, the rotor and the lower piston fixed shaft are connected to rotate together, and are provided with flow channels for transporting drilling fluid. The tool A stator matching the rotor is provided in the housing; The upper sealing piston and the lower sealing piston are both arranged in the tool housing and sealingly cooperate with the inner wall of the tool housing respectively; The upper sealing piston is sleeved outside the inner shaft and located above the rotor. The lower sealing piston is sleeved outside the lower piston fixed shaft and located below the rotor. The upper sealing piston is connected to the inner shaft. An internal fluid channel is formed between the lower sealing pistons; The tool housing is provided with a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet that are respectively connected with the internal fluid channel. The fluid inlet is located between the lower sealing piston and the rotor, and the fluid outlet is located between the upper sealing piston and the rotor. between the rotors. 2. The rotary directional drilling tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotary directional drilling tool includes a nozzle mechanism disposed in the inner fluid channel and above the rotor, and the fluid in the inner fluid channel at least partially flows through the nozzle mechanism. 3. The rotary directional drilling tool according to claim 2, characterized in that: The nozzle mechanism includes a nozzle seat. The nozzle seat is sleeved outside the inner shaft and fixed to the tool housing. The nozzle seat is provided with a through hole penetrating up and down. 4. The rotary directional drilling tool according to claim 3, characterized in that: The nozzle seat is in sealing fit with the outer wall of the inner shaft, and the outer wall of the nozzle seat is in sealing fit with the inner wall of the tool housing. 5. The rotary directional drilling tool according to claim 3, characterized in that: The nozzle seat is provided with a plurality of through holes, and at least one of the through holes is provided with a pressure nozzle. 6. The rotary directional drilling tool according to any one of claims 2-5, characterized in that, The rotary directional drilling tool includes a plurality of nozzle mechanisms arranged at longitudinal intervals. 7. The rotary directional drilling tool according to claim 3, characterized in that: The inner shaft includes an upper piston fixed shaft, a central shaft and a lower central shaft. The upper piston fixed shaft, the central shaft and the lower central shaft are distributed and connected in sequence. The upper sealing piston is sleeved on the The upper piston is fixed outside the shaft, and the nozzle seat is set outside the central shaft. 8. The rotary directional drilling tool according to claim 7, characterized in that, The tool housing includes an upper fixed shaft housing, a pressure difference control assembly housing and a lower piston housing distributed in sequence. The nozzle seat is fixed to the pressure difference control assembly housing and sealingly fits. 9. The rotary directional drilling tool according to claim 8, characterized in that: The tool housing includes a stator housing connected to the upper end of the lower piston housing, the stator is disposed on the stator housing, and the stator and the rotor are respectively provided with matching screw structures. 10. The rotary directional drilling tool according to claim 7, characterized in that: The rotary directional drilling tool includes a diverter cone, which is disposed in the inner fluid channel and between the rotor and the nozzle seat, and the diverter cone is sleeved outside the lower central axis . 11. The rotary directional drilling tool according to claim 7, characterized in that: The inner shaft includes a transmission shaft, a water cap, an internal conversion joint, a universal shaft and a flow channel conversion joint distributed in sequence. The lower end of the flow channel conversion joint is connected to the upper piston fixed shaft. 12. The rotary directional drilling tool according to claim 11, characterized in that: A bearing is provided between the inner wall of the tool housing and the transmission shaft. 13. A drilling string, characterized by comprising: a lower drilling tool and the rotary directional drilling tool according to any one of claims 1-12, the lower drilling tool being connected to the lower end of the rotary directional drilling tool . 14. A drilling control method, characterized in that the rotary directional drilling tool according to any one of claims 1 to 12 is used, and the drilling control method includes: The rotation speed of the rotor is adjusted to regulate the output torque that drives the tool housing to rotate.