CN116988102B - Nano transport alkaline electrolyzed water diaphragm and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a nano-transport alkaline electrolytic water diaphragm and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein in the manufactured nano-transport alkaline electrolytic water diaphragm, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) particles with hydrophilic surfaces are flat, partial or complete adhesion is formed among the PPS particles, the surfaces of the PPS particles are coated by bentonite particles and hydrophilic inorganic powder particles, and the surfaces of the PPS particles are entangled by fibrous polytetrafluoroethylene to form a continuous film; the interfaces and gaps of PPS particles are filled with bentonite particles and inorganic powder to form a nanoscale conveying channel, and the PPS particles and the inorganic powder particles are intertwined by the fibrillated polytetrafluoroethylene. The addition of the bentonite improves the winding fixation of the fibrous polytetrafluoroethylene on the PPS and the inorganic powder, and improves the mechanical strength of the membrane material; the two hot rolling improves the gas barrier effect of the PPS diaphragm, and the surface of the PPS is modified and compacted by inorganic powder to present nano-scale OH ^‑ The ion transport channel has more excellent OH-ion conductivity, high porosity and high hydrophilicity.

Description

A nano-transport alkaline water electrolysis membrane and a manufacturing method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to a diaphragm and a method for manufacturing the diaphragm, and belongs to the field of new energy materials.

Background technique

Hydrogen energy refers to the chemical energy generated by the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen. After the energy is released, it becomes water. It will not bring any adverse effects to the human living environment. It has the characteristics of zero pollution, high energy density, zero emission, light weight, rich storage and good combustion performance. It is widely used in transportation, industry, construction and other fields. There are three main hydrogen production technologies in my country at present: alkaline (AWE), proton exchange membrane (PEM) and solid oxide water electrolysis (SOEC). The development and application of AWE technology are the most mature. Alkaline water electrolysis hydrogen production technology has attracted much attention due to its advantages such as low cost, long life and abundant material sources and its applicability to large-scale hydrogen production. PEM water electrolysis technology is in the early stage, and the equipment cost of water electrolysis is still high. SOEC is still in the laboratory verification and small-scale demonstration stage. Alkaline water electrolysis hydrogen production technology has attracted much attention due to its advantages such as low cost, long life and abundant material sources and its applicability to large-scale hydrogen production. However, in the large-scale hydrogen production application scenario, it is still necessary to further improve the current density and energy efficiency of alkaline water electrolysis technology to improve its equipment and power consumption costs, and diaphragm and electrode materials as key components play an important role in it.

The performance of the diaphragm used in alkaline water electrolysis has a great influence on the power consumption of the electrolyzer and the purity of the produced hydrogen. In the early days, the diaphragm used for hydrogen production by alkaline water electrolysis was asbestos. Initially, asbestos was widely used due to its porous characteristics, but asbestos has poor high-temperature alkali corrosion resistance, poor gas barrier ability, explosion risk, and harm to the respiratory tract, so it has gradually been replaced by other materials. However, the gas barrier effect of PPS non-woven fabrics still needs to be further improved to improve the purity of hydrogen. In recent years, people have studied a variety of materials in order to obtain diaphragms with low resistance and good hydrophilicity and gas barrier ability. The most studied are organic polymers and their composite membranes, such as polysulfone diaphragms, polyether diaphragms, polytetrafluoroethylene diaphragms, PPS diaphragms, etc.

Summary of the invention

The invention provides a method for manufacturing an alkaline water electrolysis solid diaphragm. High-precision rolling improves the gas barrier effect of the PPS diaphragm. After the surface of the PPS is modified and compacted with inorganic powder, a nano-scale OH ^- ion transport channel is presented. Compared with a traditional water electrolysis diaphragm, the diaphragm has better OH ^- ion conductivity, high porosity and high hydrophilicity. The manufactured diaphragm has a thin thickness, a small pore size, high mechanical properties, good dimensional stability and lower cost.

The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

A nano-transport alkaline water electrolysis diaphragm, characterized in that the diaphragm contains cross-linked polyphenylene sulfide particles, bentonite particles, hydrophilic inorganic powder, and fiberized polytetrafluoroethylene, the polyphenylene sulfide particles are coated by the bentonite particles and the hydrophilic inorganic powder, and are entangled by the fiberized polytetrafluoroethylene to form a continuous film; the polyphenylene sulfide particles are flat in the membrane, and adjacent polyphenylene sulfide particles are partially or completely adhered to each other, and the interfaces and gaps between adjacent polyphenylene sulfide particles are filled with bentonite particles and hydrophilic inorganic powder to form a nano-scale transport channel.

Furthermore, the flat polyphenylene sulfide particles have a thickness of 1-10 μm, and an extension length of the flat surface of the particles is 5-20 μm.

Furthermore, the surface of the polyphenylene sulfide particles has a hydrophilic functional group, and the ends of the polyphenylene sulfide molecular chains are cross-linked. The hydrophilic functional group is a polyether functional group or a chlorocatechol functional group. Preferably, the polyether functional group is preferably an allyl polyether. Preferably, the chlorocatechol functional group is one or more of 2,5-dichlorohydroquinone, 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol, 3,4,5-trichlorocatechol, tetrachlorohydroquinone, and 3,4,6-trichlorocatechol.

Furthermore, the hydrophilic inorganic powder is one or a mixture of BaSO ₄ and ZrO _2. Preferably, the particle size of the inorganic powder is 10 nm-4 μm.

Furthermore, the fiberized polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) presents a linear long-chain drawing structure, and the C-F bond ends of the polytetrafluoroethylene form dipole adsorption with the metal bonds in the bentonite particles, firmly entangled and fixed the PPS particles and the inorganic powder particles.

Furthermore, the bentonite particles have a particle size of 10 nm-4 μm; preferably, they are one or a mixture of sodium-based bentonite, calcium-based bentonite, montmorillonite powder, and vermiculite powder.

The method for manufacturing the nanometer transport alkaline water electrolysis membrane is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) Mixed powder:

The cross-linked polyphenylene sulfide powder with surface hydrophilization treatment, hydrophilic inorganic powder, bentonite powder and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) powder are mixed at a temperature of <5°C to prepare powder A; the surface hydrophilization treatment of the cross-linked polyphenylene sulfide powder is to form hydrophilic functional groups on the surface of the cross-linked PPS;

(2) Fibrosis:

Pour powder A into a high-speed shearing machine or a jet mill to fiberize powder B. During the fiberization process, the molecular chain of polytetrafluoroethylene is extended and opened, and forms physical adhesion with the polyphenylene sulfide powder, the hydrophilic inorganic powder, and the bentonite powder without chemical reaction.

(3) Refining:

After the fiberized powder B is cooled to room temperature, it is poured into an internal mixer, sprayed with alcohol, and internally kneaded to obtain pellets C;

(4) Film making:

The granular material C is evenly poured into the feeding system of the high-precision hot roller press and rolled for the first time to extrude a continuous film D. The film D is then poured into a high-speed shredder to obtain shredded powder E. The powder E is poured into the feeding system of the hot roller press and rolled for the second time to obtain film material F. The PPS net and film material F are then hot-pressed and composited with a diaphragm H in a hot-pressing laminating machine. The finished diaphragm I is obtained after winding and drying.

Furthermore, the cross-linked polyphenylene sulfide powder with surface hydrophilization treatment is cross-linked polyphenylene sulfide particles modified with hydrophilic polyether functional groups or chlorocatechol functional groups on the surface through hydrothermal reaction with polyether or chlorocatechol; the polyether is preferably allyl polyether, and the chlorocatechol is preferably one or more of 2,5-dichlorohydroquinone, 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol, 3,4,5-trichlorocatechol, tetrachlorohydroquinone, and 3,4,6-trichlorocatechol.

Furthermore, the weight percentages of the cross-linked polyphenylene sulfide powder, hydrophilic inorganic powder, bentonite powder and polytetrafluoroethylene powder subjected to surface hydrophilization treatment are 20%-80%: 20%-80%: 1%-5% and 1-10%.

Furthermore, during the banburying process, the sprayed alcohol is preferably one or a mixture of ethanol, ethylene glycol, and 1,2-propylene glycol; preferably, the weight percentage of the solid-liquid after mixing is 5%-50%; the banburying time is 10 minutes to 300 minutes; preferably, the size of the pellets C after banburying is 100μm-3mm.

Furthermore, in the film making process, the surface temperature of the roller of the roller press for the first film pressing is 50℃-130℃, the thickness of the first film D is 50-300μm, the size of the chopped powder E is 100μm-3mm, the surface temperature of the roller of the roller press for the second film pressing is 50℃-130℃, the thickness of the second film F is 50-300μm, the PPS mesh is 10-100 mesh and has a thickness of 100-300μm, the film material F is composited with the PPS mesh on one side or both sides, and the thickness of the finished diaphragm H after composite is 150-400μm.

The manufacturing method of the alkaline water electrolysis diaphragm of the present invention adopts cross-linked polyphenylene sulfide particles, bentonite particles, hydrophilic inorganic powder and polytetrafluoroethylene with hydrophilic surface as raw materials, and after being fiberized in a high-speed shearing machine or a jet mill, the molecular chain of polytetrafluoroethylene is extended and opened, and forms physical adhesion with the polyphenylene sulfide powder, hydrophilic inorganic powder and bentonite powder, and the molecular chain of fibrous polytetrafluoroethylene wraps and entangles the polyphenylene sulfide powder, hydrophilic inorganic powder and bentonite powder; at the same time, the C-F bond end of polytetrafluoroethylene forms dipole adsorption with the metal bond in the bentonite particle, so that the entanglement between polytetrafluoroethylene and the PPS particles and the inorganic powder particles is more firm. During the film forming process, a two-pass film pressing process was adopted. After the first hot pressing film forming, all the film materials were cut into fine particles, which can eliminate the hot rolling texture that appeared in the first pressing film forming. The strength of the film material in the width direction is low. After the second hot pressing film forming, the strength of the film material in all directions is improved, and there are no perforation and crack defects. The two-pass hot rolling process improves the gas barrier effect of the PPS diaphragm.

In summary, the structural stability and strength of the diaphragm described in the present invention are guaranteed by four points: ① The addition of bentonite enhances the strength of the PTFE entanglement network, making the structure of the membrane more stable in hot alkaline aqueous solution; ② The cross-linked PPS powders are bonded and hot-pressed to form a film, which further improves the structural stability of the membrane in hot alkali; ③ The diaphragm adopts a two-pass film pressing process in the manufacturing process. The strength of the membrane in all directions after hot pressing is improved, and there are no perforation and crack defects. The two hot rolling processes improve the gas barrier effect of the PPS diaphragm; ④ The membrane is compounded with the high-strength PPS mesh, which once again improves the strength of the membrane and ensures the long-term service of the membrane.

In the nano-transport alkaline water electrolysis membrane prepared by the present invention, the PPS surface presents a nano-scale OH- ion transport channel after being modified and compacted by inorganic powder. Compared with traditional water electrolysis membranes, it has more excellent OH- ion conductivity, high porosity, and high hydrophilicity. The prepared membrane has thin thickness, small pore size, high mechanical properties, good dimensional stability, and lower cost.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the nano-transport alkaline water electrolysis membrane of the present invention.

Figure 2 DFT calculated dipole adsorption between the C-F bond ends of PTFE and the metal bonds in bentonite particles.

Figure 3 Multi-chain ball structure formed by PTFE and bentonite particles.

Figure 4 Appearance of nano-transport alkaline water electrolysis membrane product.

Figure 5 FIB-SEM image of nanotransport alkaline water electrolysis membrane.

6 is a comparison diagram of the LSV of the lower H cell electrolyzed water with a nano-transport alkaline water electrolysis membrane and without a membrane in Implementation Example 1;

FIG. 7 is a comparison diagram of the EIS of the lower H cell electrolyzed water with and without a nano-transport alkaline water electrolysis membrane in Implementation Example 1. FIG.

Detailed ways

In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. The elements and features described in one embodiment of the present invention may be combined with the elements and features shown in one or more other embodiments. It should be noted that for the purpose of clarity, the representation and description of components and processes that are not related to the present invention and are known to those of ordinary skill in the art are omitted in the description. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

The nano-transport alkaline water electrolysis diaphragm of the present invention comprises cross-linked polyphenylene sulfide particles with hydrophilic surfaces, bentonite particles, hydrophilic inorganic powder, and fibrous polytetrafluoroethylene, wherein the polyphenylene sulfide particles are coated with bentonite particles and hydrophilic inorganic powder, and are entangled by fibrous polytetrafluoroethylene to form a continuous film, as shown in Figure 1. The polyphenylene sulfide particles are flat in the membrane, and adjacent polyphenylene sulfide particles are partially or completely adhered to each other, and the interfaces and gaps between adjacent polyphenylene sulfide particles are filled with bentonite particles and hydrophilic inorganic powder to form a nano-scale transport channel.

The flat polyphenylene sulfide particles have a thickness of 1-10 μm, and the extension length of the flat surface is 5-20 μm. The surface of the polyphenylene sulfide particles has hydrophilic functional groups, and the ends of the polyphenylene sulfide molecular chains are cross-linked. The hydrophilic inorganic powder is a mixture of one or more of BaSO ₄ and ZrO _2. Preferably, the particle size of the inorganic powder is 10nm-4μm. The fibrous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) presents a linear long chain drawing structure, and the CF bond ends of the polytetrafluoroethylene form dipole adsorption with the metal bonds in the bentonite particles, as shown in Figure 2, forming a multi-chain ball structure, as shown in Figure 3, firmly entangled and fixed PPS particles and inorganic powder particles. The bentonite particles have a particle size of 10nm-4μm; preferably, it is a mixture of one or more of sodium bentonite, calcium bentonite, montmorillonite powder, and vermiculite powder.

Embodiment 1:

Preparation of nano-transport alkaline water electrolysis membrane: 2,5-dichlorohydroquinone was used to hydrophilize the surface of cross-linked polyphenylene sulfide powder, 40g of cross-linked polyphenylene sulfide with hydrophilized surface, 50g of barium sulfate, 9g of polytetrafluoroethylene and 1g of montmorillonite powder were weighed, and mixed at 1°C to obtain powder A, and powder A was placed in a high-speed shearing machine for fiberization, and powder B was obtained after fiberization. Powder B was refrigerated, and after cooling to room temperature, it was placed in a banbury mixer for internal mixing, and 17g of 1,2-propylene glycol was added, and the mixture was mixed for 60 minutes to obtain granules C with a particle size of 1 mm. The granular material C was poured into the feeding system of a high-precision hot roller press, and the temperature of the roller press was 100°C to obtain a strip of continuous film D with a thickness of 150 μm. The strip of continuous film D was placed in a shredder and broken into pieces to obtain granular material E with a particle size of 1 mm. The powder material E was then poured into the feeding system of a high-precision hot roller press to obtain a film material F with a thickness of 200 μm. The film material F was then compounded with a PPS mesh with an aperture of 40 mesh and a thickness of 250 μm in a hot compounding machine to produce a finished diaphragm H with a thickness of 275 μm. After the diaphragm H was dried, the product was shown in Figure 4, i.e., the diaphragm I was characterized.

The diaphragm I prepared in this embodiment is a nano-transport alkaline water electrolysis diaphragm, and its structure is shown in the FIB-SEM shown in Figure 5. The polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) particles are flat under the action of roller pressing. The length of the PPS particles is 20μm and the width is 4μm. The PPS particles are adhered to each other. The surface of the PPS particles is coated with 1μm inorganic powder particles. The interface and gaps are filled with inorganic powder to form a nano-scale transport channel. The fibrous polytetrafluoroethylene entangles the PPS particles and the inorganic powder particles together. The polytetrafluoroethylene and the 1μm bentonite powder form a multi-chain ball structure, which further firmly entangles and fixes the PPS particles and the inorganic powder particles.

Experimental materials: 30% KOH solution, anode platinum electrode, cathode catalyst, diaphragm I, H-shaped conductivity cell.

Experimental method: The internal resistance was obtained by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and the current was obtained by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). The tested diaphragms I were all dried. The EIS frequency range was set to 0.1-10000 Hz, the LSV voltage range was 0-2 V, and the scan rate was 0.005 V/S.

The experimental results are shown in Figures 6 and 7. First, a test without a membrane was performed, and the internal resistance at 2KHZ without a membrane was 5.309Ω, and the current without a membrane was 35.074mA. The membrane I was placed in the middle of the conductivity cell to test its internal resistance and current. The internal resistance at 2KHZ was 5.895Ω, and the current was 32.854mA. According to the diaphragm area of 1.766cm ² , the surface resistance was calculated to be 1.034Ω*cm ^2. After the membrane I was immersed in alkaline solution for 2 hours, the internal resistance at 2KHZ was tested to be 5.613Ω, and the current was 35.719mA. The surface resistance was calculated to be 0.53Ω*cm ^2. After the membrane I was immersed in alkaline solution for 24 hours, the internal resistance at 2KHZ was tested to be 4.944Ω, and the current without a membrane was 34.596mA. The membrane I was placed in the middle of the conductivity cell to test its internal resistance and current. The internal resistance at 2KHZ is 5.192Ω, the current is 33.866mA, and the surface resistance is calculated to be 0.43Ω*cm ² .

Embodiment 2:

Weigh 50g of cross-linked polyphenylene sulfide powder treated with hydrothermal treatment of allyl polyether, 40g of zirconium dioxide, 9g of polytetrafluoroethylene and 1g of montmorillonite powder and mix them at 1°C to obtain powder A. Put powder A into a high-speed shearing machine for fiberization. After the fiberization is completed, powder B is obtained. Powder B is refrigerated and put into a banbury mixer after cooling to room temperature. 17g 1,2-propylene glycol was mixed for 60 minutes to obtain granules C with a particle size of 1 mm, and granules C were poured into a high-precision hot roller press feeding system. The roller press temperature was 100°C to obtain a strip continuous film D with a thickness of 150 μm. The strip continuous film D was put into a shredder and broken to obtain granules E with a particle size of 1 mm. The powder E was poured into a high-precision hot roller press feeding system to obtain a film material F with a thickness of 200 μm. The film material F was then compounded with a 40-mesh 250 μm PPS mesh in a hot compounding machine to obtain a finished diaphragm H with a thickness of 267 m. After that, the diaphragm H was dried, i.e., the diaphragm I was characterized.

Experimental materials: 30% KOH solution, anode platinum electrode, cathode catalyst, diaphragm I, H-shaped conductivity cell.

Experimental method: The internal resistance was obtained by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and the current was obtained by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). The tested diaphragms I were all dried. The EIS frequency range was set to 0.1-10000 Hz, the LSV voltage range was 0-2 V, and the scan rate was 0.005 V/S.

First, a test without a membrane was performed, and the internal resistance at 2KHZ without a membrane was 5.107Ω, and the current without a membrane was 29.18mA. The membrane I was placed in the middle of the conductivity cell to test its internal resistance and current. The internal resistance at 2KHZ was 6.378Ω, and the current was 24.892mA. According to the membrane area of 1.766cm ² , the surface resistance was calculated to be 2.24Ω*cm ² .

Embodiment 3:

Weigh 40g of cross-linked polyphenylene sulfide powder treated with hydrothermal treatment of 3,4,5-trichlorocatechol, 50g of barium sulfate, 9g of polytetrafluoroethylene and 1g of montmorillonite powder and mix them at 1°C to obtain powder A. Put powder A into a high-speed shearing machine for fiberization. After the fiberization is completed, powder B is obtained. Powder B is refrigerated and put into a banbury mixer for mixing after cooling to room temperature. 17g 1,2-propylene glycol was mixed for 60 minutes to obtain granules C with a particle size of 1 mm, and granules C were poured into a high-precision hot roller press feeding system. The roller press temperature was 100°C to obtain a strip continuous film D with a thickness of 150 μm. The strip continuous film D was put into a shredder and broken to obtain granules E with a particle size of 1 mm. The powder E was poured into a high-precision hot roller press feeding system to obtain a film material F with a thickness of 200 μm. The film material F was then compounded with a 40-mesh 250 μm PPS mesh in a hot compounding machine to obtain a finished diaphragm H with a thickness of 262 μm. After that, the diaphragm H was dried, i.e., the diaphragm I was characterized.

Experimental materials: 30% KOH solution, anode platinum electrode, cathode catalyst, diaphragm I, H-shaped conductivity cell.

Experimental method: The internal resistance was obtained by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and the current was obtained by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). The tested diaphragms I were all dried. The EIS frequency range was set to 0.1-10000 Hz, the LSV voltage range was 0-2 V, and the scan rate was 0.005 V/S.

First, a test without a membrane was performed, and the internal resistance at 2KHZ without a membrane was 4.7Ω, and the current without a membrane was 30.56mA. The membrane I was placed in the middle of the conductivity cell to test its internal resistance and current. The internal resistance at 2KHZ was 4.9Ω, and the current was 30.05mA. According to the membrane area of 1.766cm ² , the surface resistance was calculated to be 0.43Ω*cm ² .

Embodiment 4:

Weigh 50g of cross-linked polyphenylene sulfide powder treated with hydrothermal treatment of 3,4,5-trichlorocatechol, 40g of barium sulfate, 9g of polytetrafluoroethylene and 1g of montmorillonite powder and mix them at 1°C to obtain powder A. Put powder A into a high-speed shearing machine for fiberization. After the fiberization is completed, powder B is obtained. Powder B is refrigerated, and after cooling to room temperature, it is put into a banbury mixer for mixing. 17g 1,2-propylene glycol was mixed for 60 minutes to obtain granules C with a particle size of 1 mm, and granules C were poured into a high-precision hot roller press feeding system. The roller press temperature was 100°C to obtain a strip continuous film D with a thickness of 150 μm. The strip continuous film D was put into a shredder and broken to obtain granules E with a particle size of 1 mm. The powder E was poured into a high-precision hot roller press feeding system to obtain a film material F with a thickness of 200 μm. The film material F was then compounded with a 40-mesh 250 μm PPS mesh in a hot compounding machine to prepare a finished diaphragm H with a thickness of 280 μm. After that, the diaphragm H was dried, i.e., the diaphragm I was characterized.

Experimental materials: 30% KOH solution, anode platinum electrode, cathode catalyst, diaphragm I, H-shaped electrolytic cell.

Experimental method: The internal resistance was obtained by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and the current was obtained by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). The tested diaphragms H were all dried. The EIS frequency range was set to 0.1-10000 Hz, the LSV voltage range was 0-2 V, and the scan rate was 0.005 V/S.

First, a test without a membrane was performed, and the internal resistance at 2KHZ without a membrane was 4.995Ω, and the current without a membrane was 31.829mA. The membrane I was placed in the middle of the conductivity cell to test its internal resistance and current. The internal resistance at 2KHZ was 5.886Ω, and the current was 26.83mA. According to the membrane area of ^1.766cm2 , the surface resistance was calculated to be 1.57Ω* ^cm2 .

Although the present invention and its advantages have been described in detail above, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and conversions can be made without exceeding the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims. Moreover, the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments of the process, equipment, means, method and steps described in the specification. It will be easily understood by those of ordinary skill in the art from the disclosure of the present invention that the process, equipment, means, method or step to be developed in the present and future that performs substantially the same function as the corresponding embodiment described herein or obtains substantially the same result as the corresponding embodiment described herein can be used according to the present invention. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to include such process, equipment, means, method or step within their scope.

Claims (17)

1. A nano-transport alkaline water electrolysis membrane, characterized in that the membrane contains cross-linked polyphenylene sulfide particles with hydrophilic surfaces, bentonite particles, hydrophilic inorganic powder, and fibrous polytetrafluoroethylene, the polyphenylene sulfide particles are coated by the bentonite particles and the hydrophilic inorganic powder, and are entangled by the fibrous polytetrafluoroethylene to form a continuous film; the polyphenylene sulfide particles are flat in the membrane, and adjacent polyphenylene sulfide particles are partially or completely adhered, and the interfaces and gaps between adjacent polyphenylene sulfide particles are filled with bentonite particles and hydrophilic inorganic powder to form a nano-scale transport channel; The diaphragm is made by the following steps: (1) Mixed powder: The cross-linked polyphenylene sulfide powder with surface hydrophilization treatment, hydrophilic inorganic powder, bentonite powder and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) powder are mixed at a temperature of <5°C to prepare powder A; the surface hydrophilization treatment of the cross-linked polyphenylene sulfide powder is to form hydrophilic functional groups on the surface of the cross-linked PPS; (2) Fibrosis: Pour powder A into a high-speed shearing machine or a jet mill to fiberize powder B. During the fiberization process, the molecular chain of polytetrafluoroethylene is extended and opened, and forms physical adhesion with the polyphenylene sulfide powder, the hydrophilic inorganic powder, and the bentonite powder without chemical reaction. (3) Refining: After the fiberized powder B is cooled to room temperature, it is poured into an internal mixer, sprayed with alcohol, and internally kneaded to obtain pellets C; (4) Film making: The granular material C is evenly poured into the feeding system of the hot roller press and rolled for the first time to extrude a continuous film D. The film D is then poured into a high-speed shredder to obtain shredded powder E. The powder E is poured into the feeding system of the hot roller press and rolled for the second time to obtain film material F. The PPS net and film material F are then hot-pressed and compounded in a hot-pressing compounding machine to form a diaphragm H. The finished diaphragm I is obtained after winding and drying. 2. The nano-transport alkaline water electrolysis membrane according to claim 1, characterized in that the flat polyphenylene sulfide particles have a thickness of 1-10 μm and an extension length of the flat surface of 5-20 μm. 3. The nano-transport alkaline water electrolysis membrane according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the surface of the polyphenylene sulfide particles has hydrophilic functional groups, the ends of the polyphenylene sulfide molecular chains are cross-linked, and the hydrophilic functional groups are polyether functional groups or chlorocatechol functional groups. 4. The nano-transport alkaline water electrolysis membrane according to claim 3, characterized in that the polyether functional group is allyl polyether. 5. The nano-transport alkaline water electrolysis membrane according to claim 3, characterized in that the chlorocatechol functional group is one or more of 2, 5-dichlorohydroquinone, 2, 3, 5, 6-tetrachlorophenol, 3, 4, 5-trichlorocatechol, tetrachlorohydroquinone, and 3, 4, 6-trichlorocatechol. 6. The nanometer transport alkaline water electrolysis membrane according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydrophilic inorganic powder is one of _BaSO4 and _ZrO2 or a mixture of several thereof. 7. The nano-transport alkaline water electrolysis membrane according to claim 6, characterized in that the particle size of the inorganic powder is 10nm-4μm; the particle size of the bentonite particles is 10nm-4μm. 8. The nanometer transport alkaline water electrolysis membrane according to claim 6, characterized in that the bentonite particles are one or a mixture of sodium-based bentonite, calcium-based bentonite, and montmorillonite powder. 9. The nano-transport alkaline water electrolysis membrane according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the fiberized polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) presents a linear long-chain drawing structure, and the C-F bond ends of the polytetrafluoroethylene form dipole adsorption with the metal bonds in the bentonite particles, firmly entangled and fixed the PPS particles and the inorganic powder particles. 10. The method for manufacturing a nanometer transport alkaline water electrolysis membrane according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: (1) Mixed powder: The cross-linked polyphenylene sulfide powder with surface hydrophilization treatment, hydrophilic inorganic powder, bentonite powder and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) powder are mixed at a temperature of <5°C to prepare powder A; the surface hydrophilization treatment of the cross-linked polyphenylene sulfide powder is to form hydrophilic functional groups on the surface of the cross-linked PPS; (2) Fibrosis: Pour powder A into a high-speed shearing machine or a jet mill to fiberize powder B. During the fiberization process, the molecular chain of polytetrafluoroethylene is extended and opened, and forms physical adhesion with the polyphenylene sulfide powder, the hydrophilic inorganic powder, and the bentonite powder without chemical reaction. (3) Refining: After the fiberized powder B is cooled to room temperature, it is poured into an internal mixer, sprayed with alcohol, and internally kneaded to obtain pellets C; (4) Film making: The granular material C is evenly poured into the feeding system of the hot roller press and rolled for the first time to extrude a continuous film D. The film D is then poured into a high-speed shredder to obtain shredded powder E. The powder E is poured into the feeding system of the hot roller press and rolled for the second time to obtain film material F. The PPS net and film material F are then hot-pressed and compounded in a hot-pressing compounding machine to form a diaphragm H. The finished diaphragm I is obtained after winding and drying. 11. The method for manufacturing a nano-transport alkaline water electrolysis membrane according to claim 10, characterized in that: the cross-linked polyphenylene sulfide powder with surface hydrophilization treatment is cross-linked polyphenylene sulfide particles that have been subjected to hydrothermal reaction with polyether or chlorocatechol to modify the surface with hydrophilic polyether functional groups or chlorocatechol functional groups. 12. The method for manufacturing a nano-transport alkaline water electrolysis membrane according to claim 11, characterized in that: the polyether is allyl polyether, and the chlorocatechol is one or more of 2, 5-dichlorohydroquinone, 2, 3, 5, 6-tetrachlorophenol, 3, 4, 5-trichlorocatechol, tetrachlorohydroquinone, and 3, 4, 6-trichlorocatechol. 13. The method for manufacturing a nanometer alkaline water electrolysis membrane for transport according to claim 10, characterized in that the weight percentages of the cross-linked polyphenylene sulfide powder, hydrophilic inorganic powder, bentonite powder and polytetrafluoroethylene powder subjected to surface hydrophilization treatment are 20%-80%: 20%-80%: 1%-5% and 1-10%. 14. The method for manufacturing a nanometer alkaline water electrolysis membrane for transport according to claim 10, characterized in that: during the banburying process, the alcohol sprayed is one or a mixture of ethanol, ethylene glycol, and 1,2-propylene glycol. 15. The method for manufacturing a nanometer transport alkaline water electrolysis membrane according to claim 10, characterized in that the weight percentage of solid and liquid after spraying alcohol is 5%-50%; and the banburying time is 10 minutes to 300 minutes. 16 . The method for manufacturing a nanometer transport alkaline water electrolysis membrane according to claim 10 , wherein the size of the pellets C after banburying is 100 μm-3 mm. 17. The method for manufacturing a nano-transport alkaline electrolyzed water membrane according to claim 10, characterized in that: during the film making process, the surface temperature of the roller of the roller press for the first film pressing is 50°C-130°C, the thickness of the first film pressing D is 50-300μm, the size of the chopped powder E is 100μm-3mm, the surface temperature of the roller of the roller press for the second film pressing is 50°C-130°C, the thickness of the second film pressing F is 50-300μm, the PPS mesh is 10-100 mesh and has a thickness of 100-300μm, the membrane material F is composited with the PPS mesh on one side or both sides, and the thickness of the composite finished membrane H is 150-400μm.