CN116815833A - Real-time monitoring anchor rod for shear force and displacement and deformation data of supported body - Google Patents

Abstract

The application discloses a real-time monitoring anchor rod for shear force and displacement and deformation data of a supported body. A groove is excavated in an anchor rod anchoring section, strain sensors are arranged on the side wall of the groove, strain values of the anchoring section in three directions under the pressure of surrounding rock are measured in real time, and the maximum principal stress value at a detection plane is calculated through an elastic mechanical method, so that the tensile force and the shearing force borne by the anchor rod are calculated; and simultaneously, arranging a laser ranging sensor at the anchor head part, acquiring data such as position change, structural deformation, rotation angle and the like of the anchor rod in a monitoring time period, realizing real-time detection and transmission of deformation and displacement data of the supported body, and guiding engineering construction safely and reasonably.

Description

A real-time monitoring anchor for shear force and displacement and deformation data of the supported body

Technical field

The invention belongs to the technical fields of civil engineering and geotechnical engineering. Specifically, it relates to an anchor for real-time monitoring of shear force and displacement and deformation data of a supported body.

Background technique

Anchor rod is an underground support structure mainly used to reinforce soil and rock mass. In modern projects, anchor rods are used more and more widely. Due to the complexity of the stress state of anchor rods, how to accurately and effectively monitor the stress state of anchor rods has always been a research hotspot. Anchor support technology is widely used in coal mine tunnels, foundation pits and slope projects in my country. Its essential role is to effectively prevent delamination and sliding of structural surfaces through the axial tension and transverse shear force of the rod body. It prevents new cracks from forming inside the surrounding rock, helps to improve the shear strength of the surrounding rock structural surface, maintains the integrity and stability of the surrounding rock, and avoids large deformation and damage of the surrounding rock.

In many anchoring engineering examples, the common failure modes of anchors include tension-shear failure and tension-bending failure. The failure of the rod body is mostly related to the shear dislocation of the structural surface. The mechanical properties of the structural surface also have a great influence on the damage characteristics of the anchor rod. Relationship. The shear dislocation of the structural surface will produce a large shear load on the anchor rod, and some components will produce shear bending deformation, leading to yield failure and failure. Most of the current anchor support designs only consider the axial anchoring effect of the anchor. However, engineering site statistics show that under the conditions of large burial depth and high ground stress, the damage of deep surrounding rock anchors is often caused by It is caused by the combined action of tension and shear, rather than a simple tensile fracture failure. Domestic and foreign scholars have done more research on the stress and failure mechanism of anchors under tension, but less on the mechanical properties of anchors under shear.

Facing a variety of construction conditions, the stress and damage of anchors under shear should also be focused on, as shown in Figure 6 of the instruction manual, especially in geological conditions where faults and joint structural planes are widely distributed , the supported body is easily dislocated, which in turn exposes the anchor to shear damage. Therefore, it is very necessary to develop a new type of anchor that can monitor the shear condition of the anchor in real time. This is very important for safe and reasonable construction. Construction, ensuring the safety of projects and personnel play a very important role.

In engineering fields such as foundation pit engineering and slope engineering, the monitoring of displacement and deformation is a very important link. It can help engineers promptly discover and solve problems that may arise in the project and ensure the safety and stability of the building. Deformation monitoring in engineering usually uses instruments such as levels, theodolite, total stations, laser rangefinders, etc., which can be used to measure the height, angle, coordinates and other data of the building, through inclinometers, settlement meters, displacement meters, strain gauges and other equipment. To monitor the tilt, settlement, deformation and other data of the building. However, the above-mentioned instruments and equipment need to be set up, operated and maintained independently, and the process is cumbersome and complicated. Therefore, developing a more flexible and convenient integrated monitoring equipment will greatly reduce the workload of technicians, and can also obtain relevant data more quickly. Ensure safe and efficient construction.

At present, predecessors have carried out a large amount of research on the shear failure of anchor rods and the displacement and deformation monitoring of supported bodies. The current research status is as follows:

Chinese patent application number 201410707116.9 discloses a new type of shear force measuring device and measurement method. The device includes an upper connecting plate and a lower connecting plate. Multiple deformable steel plates or multiple deformable steel plates are passed between the upper connecting plate and the lower connecting plate. Deformable steel column connection, install a set of shear strain gauges on any deformable steel plate or any deformable steel column. When using a deformable steel plate structure, there are four shear strain gauges, which are spaced apart in the vertical direction and symmetrically attached to both sides of the deformable steel plate. They can measure the unidirectional strain on the surface of the deformable steel plate at a fixed position. When using a deformable steel column structure, there are 4 or 8 shear strain gauges, which are spaced apart in the vertical direction and symmetrically pasted on the two opposite surfaces or four surfaces of the deformable steel column to measure the surface of the deformable steel column. unidirectional strain or bidirectional strain. This shear force measuring device has a large tonnage measurement capability, but the measurement method is cumbersome, and it cannot be applied to measure the shear force of the supporting anchor rod at the engineering site.

The Chinese patent application number 201420098354. The end is processed with threads, and is provided with a tray and a nut; the main rod body is provided with a number of grouting holes at certain intervals on the flexible pipe, and a steel strand bracket is provided at the grouting hole, and the flexible pipe is wound with The steel strand becomes a rope, and the steel strand at the grouting hole is stretched by the steel strand bracket to form a grouting gap; when the auxiliary rod body and the main rod body are connected, the flexible pipe is inserted into the high-strength seamless steel pipe and connected with each other, and the steel strand The wire is connected to the end of the high-strength seamless steel pipe, thereby connecting the auxiliary rod body and the main rod body into one body. It has flexibility, high strength, and strong resistance to shear damage. At the same time, the full-length anchorage of the anchor is achieved through gradual grouting, and the diffusion of slurry is used to strengthen the surrounding rock, thereby improving the support effect of the weak surrounding rock project, but it cannot be used to anchor the anchor. The shear force on the anchor rod is monitored, and the damage status of the supported body cannot be predicted in time according to the stress condition of the anchor rod to guide the construction process.

Through the review and research of existing technology, it was found that previous research on measuring devices for structural shear force and anchor shear resistance research have produced some results, but the anchor itself can achieve the measurement and real-time monitoring of shear force. Still blank.

The Chinese patent application number 202111434957.3 discloses a foundation pit deformation monitoring device and method. The technical solution adopted is: a foundation pit deformation monitoring device, including horizontal water injection pipes for laying along the periphery of the foundation pit. The horizontal water injection pipes are connected end to end and Forming a sealed ring, the horizontal water injection pipes are connected to vertical pipes at various positions corresponding to the foundation pit deformation monitoring points. The vertical pipes are connected with the horizontal water injection pipes. The vertical pipes are equipped with liquid level scales and are arranged vertically. The upper end is connected to the outside world. The deformation of the foundation pit is monitored through the foundation pit deformation monitoring device. The horizontal water injection pipe is completely filled with water. The deformation monitoring point of the foundation pit rises or settles. The vertical pipe at the corresponding position rises or falls. The actual liquid level of the vertical pipe is relative to the vertical pipe. The liquid level scale changes accordingly, and through this change, the uplift and settlement changes of the foundation pit deformation monitoring point can be accurately obtained. This method is complex and cumbersome to operate and requires additional monitoring devices, which results in higher costs and larger errors.

The Chinese patent application number 201510655013.7 discloses a layered soil settlement monitoring device and method. The monitoring device includes a bottom settlement monitoring unit, a middle settlement monitoring unit, and a middle settlement monitoring unit that are buried in the soil layer to be monitored from bottom to top and are arranged vertically. Monitoring unit and surface settlement monitoring unit, there are buried holes in the soil layer to be monitored, and an anchor head is provided directly below the bottom settlement monitoring unit; the bottom settlement monitoring unit, the middle settlement monitoring unit and the surface settlement monitoring unit all include inclinometer tubes, The telescopic tube is installed on the outside of the inclinometer tube and the displacement sensor is installed on the upper part of the inside of the inclinometer tube; the monitoring method includes the following steps: 1. Drilling of buried holes; 2. Installation of bottom settlement monitoring unit; 3. Installation of middle settlement monitoring unit; 4. , Installation of surface subsidence monitoring unit; 5. Stratified subsidence monitoring. The invention has complicated design steps, complicated operations and difficult burying, and is not suitable for monitoring the deformation and displacement of anchor support structures.

A comprehensive analysis of the various devices and methods of the above units reveals the following shortcomings:

1. The existing technology can only improve the shear resistance of the anchor or measure the shear force of a specific structure under predetermined conditions. It cannot measure the shear force and axial tension of the anchor structure itself in real time. Monitoring and data transmission.

2. Existing devices often have a single function. Monitoring the displacement and deformation data of the supported structure is often complex and cumbersome, difficult to bury, has large data measurement errors and high costs. It is impossible to monitor and transmit multiple data from the same device.

Contents of the invention

This invention creatively designs an anchor for real-time monitoring of shear force and displacement and deformation data of the supported body. In order to solve the problem that the lateral shear force of the support anchor in strata with many faults and joint structural surfaces cannot be monitored in real time and It is difficult to measure the deformation parameters such as settlement and tilt angle of the support body during the construction process. By cleverly arranging strain rosette sensors, attitude sensors and laser ranging sensors, the lateral shear of the support anchor rods is simply and effectively solved. Real-time monitoring of shear force and displacement and deformation parameters of the supported body during construction; this invention excavates a trench in the anchoring section based on the traditional anchor structure, and arranges strain rosette sensors on the side walls of the trench. Real-time measurement of the tiny strains in three directions that occur in the anchor section under the pressure of the surrounding rock. The maximum principal stress and maximum shear stress at the plane where the strain rosette sensor is deployed are calculated through the elastic mechanics method, and the maximum shear stress is calculated through the designed holes in the anchor rod. The data is transmitted, and the longitudinal tension and transverse shear force on the anchor rod are obtained through computer processing to guide the construction process; attitude sensors and laser ranging sensors are arranged at the bottom of the trench and the anchor head to monitor the support in real time. The displacement and deformation data of the protective body, especially the foundation pit and slope engineering, can be realized in real time to monitor and transmit the displacement and deformation data of the supported body during the construction process, to check whether the construction support is reasonable and to deal with possible emergencies. Predict and take handling measures in advance to ensure the safe progress of the construction process.

In order to achieve the above objects, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

An anchor for real-time monitoring of shear force and displacement and deformation data of the supported body. Its main structural body includes an anchoring section groove, a pipe-slit anchor sleeve, a line transmission hole, a strain rosette sensor, a laser ranging sensor, and an attitude sensor. , supporting plate, nut, laser transmission hole, data transmission line and data display.

The strain rosette sensor needs to be attached to the side wall of the anchoring section groove. The anchoring section groove is a narrow slot-type groove reserved in the anchoring section of the anchor rod to bear the pressure and shear force of the surrounding rock. Before embedding the anchor rod, attach a strain rosette sensor every 10cm on the side wall of the anchor section trench, and then connect the connection line of the strain rosette sensor to the external data display instrument through the reserved line transmission hole in the anchor rod. , the core of each strain rosette sensor is a three-axis 45° strain rosette, which has three resistance strain gauges with different axial sensitive grids, namely along the direction of the anchor rod body, perpendicular to the direction of the anchor rod body, and with the anchor rod. The direction of the rod is arranged at an angle of 45°. The strain value directly measured by each sensitive grid of the strain rosette is then calculated by the elastic mechanics formula or the strain Mohr circle to obtain the magnitude and direction of the principal strain of the plane stress field in the anchor rod. Combined with The elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio of the anchor material can be used to directly calculate the magnitude and direction of the principal stress according to the formula. The raw data measured by the strain rosette sensor can be displayed and exported in real time on the data display. Combined with the shear stress equality theorem, The computer program analyzes and calculates relevant data such as the magnitude and direction of the principal stress of the plane stress field in the anchor rod, the longitudinal tension of the anchoring section of the anchor rod, and the shear force of the surrounding rock.

The attitude sensor is distributed at the bottom of the anchoring section trench and the position of the anchor head. The attitude sensor at the bottom of the anchoring section trench is arranged every 20cm. This attitude sensor consists of a gyroscope sensor, an accelerometer sensor and a digital sensor. It is composed of a motion processor, which acquires gyroscope sensor and acceleration sensor data in real time, and processes and outputs quaternions. It can detect the attitude and position of the anchor rod in real time, and obtain data such as position changes, structural deformation and rotation angle of the anchor rod during the monitoring period. , through comparative analysis with the initial data, the slight change in the anchor's embedded position in the supported body can be obtained, and then the settlement, tilt and other deformation and displacement data of the supported body can be obtained through the change of the anchor's position. If it can be obtained The changes in the angle between the anchor rod and the horizontal direction, combined with the angle value when the anchor rod is initially laid out, can be used to obtain the inclination and deformation of the side walls of supported projects such as foundation pits, slopes, etc.; at the same time, the anchor rod structure can be monitored The minor deformation and damage that occurs under the action of external forces can be analyzed together with the data obtained by the strain flower sensor to obtain more reliable stress and deformation data of the anchor, which facilitates timely adjustment of support methods and emergency measures. etc. to ensure construction safety; the raw data measured by the attitude sensor can be displayed and exported in real time on the data display, and then analyzed and calculated by the computer program to obtain the required relevant parameters.

The pipe-slit anchor sleeve is nested in the groove of the anchoring section of the anchor. Considering that the anchor itself is a cylindrical structure, reserving the groove of the anchoring section will change its supporting performance. In order to enhance The stress performance of the anchor minimizes the impact of trench excavation in the anchor section on the anchor support effect and at the same time protects the strain sensor, attitude sensor and data transmission line arranged in the trench of the anchor section. After the flower sensor, attitude sensor and data transmission line are laid out, the remaining space in the anchoring section trench is filled with polyvinyl chloride resin material, and then the matching pipe-slit anchor sleeve is nested in the anchoring section trench using relevant machinery. At the groove, the diameter of the designed pipe-seam anchor sleeve is slightly smaller than the diameter of the anchor section under normal conditions, which can exert a strong gripping force on the anchor section to ensure that the pipe-seam anchor sleeve and the anchor rod body form a Overall, the existence of the pipe-slit anchor sleeve can evenly transmit the shear force experienced by the anchor to the anchor body, making the support performance safer and more reliable and the monitoring results more reasonable and accurate.

The laser ranging sensor is distributed at the position of the anchor head, and is located below the attitude sensor at the anchor head. A laser transmission hole is reserved at the lower part, through which the laser can be shot. During the construction process , after determining the anchor laying position, arrange the laser transmission hole of the laser ranging sensor downward, and use the laser ranging sensor to measure the slight distance change from the anchor laying position to the calibration surface at the bottom of the support project in real time, using This small distance change is divided by the initial distance from the anchor arrangement position to the bottom of the support project and then multiplied by the total distance in the vertical direction of the support project to obtain the total settlement and vertical displacement and deformation of the support project. , the deformation data measured by the laser ranging sensor and the deformation data obtained by the attitude sensor are mutually verified and jointly analyzed, guiding the construction process more safely and reasonably, and avoiding safety hazards caused by errors or errors in a single data.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1. Cleverly arranged strain rosette sensors can simply and effectively solve the problem that the shear force of stratum support anchors cannot be monitored in real time when there are many fault joint surfaces.

2. Cleverly deploying attitude sensors can obtain real-time data on the position change, structural deformation and rotation angle of the anchor during the monitoring period. By comparing and analyzing with the initial data, the location of the anchor buried in the supported body can be obtained. The deformation and displacement data such as settlement and tilt of the supported body can be obtained through changes in the position of the anchor rod.

3. In order to enhance the stress performance of the anchor rod and minimize the impact of trench excavation on the anchor support effect, fill the remaining space in the anchor section trench with polyvinyl chloride resin material, and then install the matching pipe seam type The anchor sleeve is nested on the groove surface of the anchor anchoring section using relevant machinery, which can evenly transmit the shear force experienced by the anchor to the anchor body, making its support performance safer and more reliable.

4. Cleverly deploying laser ranging sensors can measure the slight distance change from the anchor laying position to the calibration surface at the bottom of the support project in real time, and use this tiny distance change value to calculate the total settlement and vertical displacement of the support project. The amount of directional displacement and deformation is verified and analyzed together with the deformation data obtained by the attitude sensor to guide the construction process in a safer and more reasonable manner.

Description of the drawings

The description and drawings that constitute a part of this application are used to provide a further understanding of this application. The illustrative embodiments and their descriptions of this application are used to explain this application and do not constitute an improper limitation of this application.

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

Figure 2 is an axial cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the present invention.

Figure 3 is a top view of the main part of the anchor sleeve with the pipe seam removed according to the present invention.

Figure 4 is a layout diagram of the strain rosette sensor of the present invention.

Figure 5 is a transverse cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the present invention.

Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the shear and failure principles of anchor rods in specific stratigraphic environments.

Legend: 1. Anchor section groove; 2. Pipe-slit anchor sleeve; 3. Line transmission hole; 4. Strain sensor; 5. Laser ranging sensor; 6. Inclination sensor; 7. Support plate; 8. Nut; 9. Laser transmission hole; 10. Data transmission line; 11. Data display; 12. Anchor body; 13. Joint structural surface; 14. Supported structure.

Detailed ways

It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and is intended to provide further explanation of the present application. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.

It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it will be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "includes" are used in this specification, they indicate There are features, steps, operations, means, components and/or combinations thereof.

For the convenience of description, if the words "up", "down", "left" and "right" appear in the present invention, they only mean that they are consistent with the directions of up, down, left and right in the drawing itself, and do not limit the structure. It is intended to facilitate the description of the present invention and simplify the description, but does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

As introduced in the background art, as shown in Figure 6, when the anchor body 12 is used as a supporting structure in a stratum with widely distributed faults or joint structural planes 13, it will be subject to the lateral shearing effect of the rock formation, causing the anchor body 12 to be stressed. and damage, and thus cannot effectively support the supported structure 14. Currently, there are deficiencies in the existing technology for real-time monitoring of anchor stress and deformation and displacement data of the supported structure 14. In order to solve the above technical problems, This application proposes an anchor for real-time monitoring of shear force and displacement and deformation data of the supported body.

In a typical implementation of the present application, as shown in Figures 1, 3 and 4: an anchor for real-time monitoring of shear force and displacement and deformation data of the supported body, the structural body of which includes anchoring section grooves. 1. Tube-slit anchor sleeve 2. Line transmission hole 3. Strain rosette sensor 4. Laser ranging sensor 5. Attitude sensor 6. Support plate 7. Nut 8. Laser transmission hole 9. Data transmission line 10 and data display Instrument 11.

The specific implementation method is:

An anchor for real-time monitoring of shear force and displacement and deformation data of the supported body. Its structural main body includes an anchoring section trench 1, a pipe-slit anchor sleeve 2, a line transmission hole 3, a strain flower sensor 4, and a laser ranging Sensor 5, attitude sensor 6, supporting plate 7, nut 8, laser transmission hole 9, data transmission line 10 and data display 11.

As shown in Figures 2 and 4, the strain rosette sensor 4 needs to be attached to the side wall of the anchoring section trench 1. The anchoring section trench 1 is reserved for the anchor rod to withstand the pressure and shear force of the surrounding rock. A long and narrow slotted trench in the anchoring section. Before the anchor rod is buried, a strain gage sensor 4 is attached every 10cm on the side wall of the anchoring section trench 1, and then the connecting line of the strain gage sensor 4 is passed through the anchor. The reserved line transmission hole 3 in the rod is connected to the external data display 11. The core of each strain rosette sensor 4 is a three-axis 45° strain rosette, which has three resistance strain gauges with different axial sensitive grids, respectively. In order to be arranged along the direction of the anchor rod body, perpendicular to the direction of the anchor rod body, and at an angle of 45° to the direction of the anchor rod body, the strain values directly measured by each sensitive grid of the strain rosette are then calculated by the elastic mechanics formula or the strain Mohr circle. The magnitude and direction of the principal strains of the plane stress field in the anchor can be obtained. Combined with the elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio of the anchor material, the magnitude and direction of the principal stress can be directly calculated according to the formula. The original data measured by the strain rosette sensor 4 It can be displayed and exported in real time on the data display 11. Combined with the shear stress reciprocity theorem, the size and direction of the principal stress of the plane stress field in the anchor rod, the longitudinal tension and the longitudinal tension of the anchoring section of the anchor rod can be obtained by computer program analysis and calculation. Surrounding rock shear stress and other related data.

As shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3, the attitude sensors 6 are distributed at the bottom of the anchoring section trench 1 and the position of the anchor head. The attitude sensors 6 at the bottom of the anchoring section trench 1 are arranged every 20cm. First, the attitude sensor 6 is composed of a gyroscope sensor, an accelerometer sensor and a digital motion processor. It acquires the gyroscope sensor and acceleration sensor data in real time, processes and outputs quaternions, and can detect the attitude and position of the anchor rod in real time and obtain the anchor. By comparing and analyzing data such as position changes, structural deformation and rotation angle of the rod during the monitoring period, with the initial data, the slight changes in the anchor's buried position in the supported body can be obtained, and then the changes in the anchor's position can be obtained. The deformation and displacement data such as settlement and tilt of the support body can be obtained. For example, the change in the angle between the anchor rod and the horizontal direction can be obtained. Combined with the angle value when the anchor rod is initially laid out, the foundation pit, slope, etc. can be obtained. The tilt deformation of the side wall of the support project, etc.; at the same time, the minor deformation and damage of the anchor structure itself under the action of external force can be monitored. The relevant data obtained can be combined with the data obtained by the strain flower sensor 4 to obtain a more reliable analysis. The stress and deformation data of the anchor rod facilitate timely adjustment of support methods and emergency measures to ensure construction safety; the raw data measured by the attitude sensor 6 can be displayed and exported in real time on the data display 11, and then analyzed and calculated by the computer program Get the required relevant parameters.

As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 5, the pipe-slit anchor sleeve 2 is nested in the anchor anchoring section groove 1. Considering that the anchor itself is a cylindrical structure, reserved anchorage After the section trench 1 is opened, its support performance will change. In order to enhance the stress performance of the anchor rod, the impact of the excavation of the anchor section trench 1 on the anchor support effect will be reduced as much as possible. At the same time, the impact of the excavation of the anchor section trench 1 on the anchor support effect will be The strain flower sensor 4, attitude sensor 6 and data transmission line 10 play a protective role. After the strain flower sensor 4, attitude sensor 6 and data transmission line 10 are laid out, the remaining space on the anchoring section trench 1 is filled with polyvinyl chloride. Resin material, and then use relevant machinery to nest the matching pipe-slit anchor sleeve 2 in the anchor anchoring section groove 1. The designed pipe-slit anchor sleeve 2 has a diameter slightly smaller than the diameter of the anchor anchor section under normal conditions. A strong gripping force can be exerted on the anchoring section of the anchor rod to ensure that the pipe-slit anchor sleeve 2 and the anchor rod body form an integral body. The existence of the pipe-slit anchor sleeve 2 can evenly distribute the shear force experienced by the anchor rod. It is transmitted to the anchor rod body, making its support performance safer and more reliable, and the monitoring results more reasonable and accurate.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the laser ranging sensor 5 is distributed at the anchor head position and is located below the attitude sensor 6 at the anchor head position, with a laser transmission hole reserved at its lower part. 9. The laser can be emitted from this. During the construction process, after determining the anchor rod layout position, arrange the laser transmission hole 9 of the laser ranging sensor 5 downward. The laser ranging sensor 5 can be used to measure the anchor rod layout position in real time. The slight distance change from the calibration surface to the bottom of the support project can be obtained by dividing the small distance change by the initial distance from the anchor arrangement position to the bottom of the support project and then multiplying by the total distance in the vertical direction of the support project. The total settlement and vertical displacement and deformation of the support project, the deformation data measured by the laser ranging sensor 5 and the deformation data obtained by the attitude sensor 6 are mutually verified and analyzed together to guide the construction process more safely and rationally, and avoid accidents due to Security risks caused by errors or errors in a single data.

Although the specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, they do not limit the scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that based on the technical solutions of the present invention, those skilled in the art do not need to perform creative work. Various modifications or variations that can be made are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. An anchor for real-time monitoring of shear force and displacement and deformation data of the supported body, characterized in that its main structural body includes an anchoring section groove, a pipe-slit anchor sleeve, a line transmission hole, a strain rosette sensor, and a laser Ranging sensor, attitude sensor, supporting plate, nut, laser transmission hole, data transmission line and data display. 2. The strain rosette sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that it needs to be attached to the side wall of the anchoring section groove, and the anchoring section groove is reserved for the anchor rod to withstand the pressure and shear force of the surrounding rock. A long and narrow slotted trench in the anchor section. Before the anchor rod is buried, a strain rosette sensor is attached every 10cm on the side wall of the anchoring section trench, and then the connection line of the strain rosette sensor is passed through the reserved hole in the anchor rod. The line transmission hole is connected to the external data display. The core of each strain rosette sensor is a three-axis 45° strain rosette, which has three resistance strain gauges with different axial sensitive grids, along the direction of the anchor rod body, It is arranged perpendicular to the direction of the anchor rod body and at an angle of 45° to the direction of the anchor rod body. The strain values directly measured by each sensitive grid of the strain rosette are then calculated by elastic mechanics formulas or Mohr's strain circle to obtain the plane stress field in the anchor rod. The magnitude and direction of the principal strain, combined with the elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio of the anchor material, can directly calculate the magnitude and direction of the principal stress according to the formula. The raw data measured by the strain rosette sensor can be displayed in real time on the data display instrument and Derived, combined with the shear stress equality theorem, the computer program analyzes and calculates the magnitude and direction of the principal stress of the plane stress field in the anchor bolt, the longitudinal tension of the anchoring section of the anchor bolt, and the shear force of the surrounding rock and other related data. 3. The attitude sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that it is distributed at the bottom of the anchoring section trench and the position of the anchor rod anchor head. The attitude sensor at the bottom of the anchoring section trench is arranged every 20cm. The attitude sensor is composed of It is composed of a gyroscope sensor, an accelerometer sensor and a digital motion processor. It acquires the gyroscope sensor and acceleration sensor data in real time and processes and outputs quaternions. It can detect the attitude and position of the anchor rod in real time and obtain the position of the anchor rod within the monitoring time period. By comparing and analyzing the data such as changes, structural deformation and rotation angle with the initial data, we can obtain the slight changes in the embedded position of the anchor in the supported body, and then obtain the settlement and tilt of the supported body through changes in the anchor position. Equivalent deformation and displacement data, for example, can obtain the changes in the angle between the anchor rod and the horizontal direction. Combined with the angle value when the anchor rod is initially laid out, the inclination deformation of the side walls of supported projects such as foundation pits and slopes can be obtained. conditions, etc.; at the same time, it can monitor the slight deformation and damage of the anchor structure itself under the action of external force. The relevant data obtained can be combined with the data obtained by the strain sensor to analyze, and more reliable force and deformation data of the anchor can be obtained, which is convenient for Adjust support methods and take emergency measures in a timely manner to ensure construction safety; the raw data measured by the attitude sensor can be displayed and exported in real time on the data display, and then analyzed and calculated by the computer program to obtain the required relevant parameters. 4. The pipe-slit anchor sleeve according to claim 1, characterized in that it is nested in the groove of the anchoring section of the anchor. Considering that the anchor itself is a cylindrical structure, after reserving the groove of the anchoring section, It will change its support performance. In order to enhance the stress performance of the anchor rod, the impact of the excavation of the anchor section trench on the anchor support effect will be reduced as much as possible. At the same time, it will also affect the strain rosette sensor, attitude sensor and other sensors arranged in the anchor section trench. The data transmission line plays a protective role. After the strain gage sensor, attitude sensor and data transmission line are laid out, the remaining space on the anchoring section trench is filled with polyvinyl chloride resin material, and then the matching pipe-slit anchor sleeve is used The relevant machinery is nested in the groove of the anchoring section of the anchor rod. The designed pipe-slit anchor sleeve has a diameter slightly smaller than the diameter of the anchoring section under normal conditions. It can exert a strong gripping force on the anchoring section of the anchor rod to ensure the pipe seam. The anchor sleeve and the anchor rod body form a whole. The existence of the pipe-slit anchor sleeve can evenly transfer the shear force suffered by the anchor rod to the anchor rod body, making the support performance safer and more reliable, and the monitoring results are better. More reasonable and accurate. 5. The laser ranging sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that it is distributed at the anchor head position and is located below the attitude sensor at the anchor head position, with a laser transmission hole reserved at its lower part. The laser can be emitted from this. During the construction process, after determining the location of the anchor rods, arrange the laser transmission hole of the laser ranging sensor downward. The laser ranging sensor can be used to measure the location of the anchor rods to the support project in real time. For the slight distance change at the bottom calibration surface, the total distance of the support project can be obtained by dividing this small distance change by the initial distance from the anchor arrangement position to the bottom of the support project and then multiplying by the total distance in the vertical direction of the support project. The amount of settlement and vertical displacement deformation, the deformation data measured by the laser ranging sensor and the deformation data obtained by the attitude sensor are mutually verified and analyzed together to guide the construction process more safely and reasonably, and avoid errors or errors due to single data. safety hazards caused.