CN116473125A - A slow-release carbohydrate composition and its application - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a slow-release carbohydrate composition which is characterized by comprising tapioca dextrin and green banana powder. The slow-release carbohydrate composition provided by the invention can effectively reduce hyperglycemia, insulin and insulin sensitivity, HOMA-IR and pancreatic cell damage reduction of a diabetic mouse, and further research mechanism increases GLUT4 protease level in muscle tissues to improve or relieve diabetes symptoms; in addition, the slow-release carbohydrate combination can also reduce the cholesterol level, the low-density lipoprotein level and the size of fat cells in blood, and liver tissue sections are dyed, so that the slow-release carbohydrate has the effects of reducing fatty liver and obesity.

Description

A slow-release carbohydrate composition and its application

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of food, and in particular relates to a slow-release carbohydrate composition and its application.

Background technique

Starch is the main component of plant fruits, seeds, and tubers. It is a storage polysaccharide synthesized by photosynthesis of water and carbon dioxide. Starch can maintain the metabolic level of human energy and plays an important role in the energy balance of human body. According to the speed and degree of digestibility, starch can be divided into rapidly digestible starch (Rapidly Digestible Starch, RDS), slow digestible starch (Slowly Digestible Starch, SDS) and resistant starch (Resistant Starch, RS).

Fast digestible starch refers to starch that is rapidly digested and absorbed in the small intestine, and the quantitative measurement is the glucose conversion amount produced by enzymatic starch hydrolysis within 20 minutes; slowly digestible starch refers to starch that can be completely digested and absorbed in the small intestine but at a slower rate. From a nutritional point of view, it is defined as the starch digested by pancreatic α-amylase, glucoamylase and invertase within 20-120 minutes, which is mainly most of the natural grain starch and some aged starch.

Glycemic index (GI) refers to the influence of food on the speed of increase. Based on the increase in blood sugar value within 2 hours after eating 100 grams of glucose as the benchmark (GI value = 100), the value obtained by comparing the increase in blood sugar value of a certain food with the reference value is the glycemic index of this food. Foods with a low glycemic index are slower to digest and absorb, causing a slower rise in blood sugar levels and are considered healthier dietary choices. Conversely, intake of high-glycemic foods should be limited because they are quickly digested and absorbed, causing rapid rises and falls in blood sugar levels. A low glycemic index diet can effectively lower blood sugar levels in people with diabetes. A study of approximately 3000 diabetic patients looked at the effect of a low-glycemic index diet versus a high-glycemic index diet on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in diabetic patients (1). The study showed that HbA1c levels were 6%-11% lower in the low-glycemic index diet group (GI 58-79) compared to the high-glycemic index diet group (GI 86-112). In other words, a diet with a low glycemic index can more stably control the blood sugar level of diabetic patients. In addition, numerous studies have reported that high glycemic index diets may increase the risk of type 2 diabetes by 8%-40% (2-3).

Therefore, how to provide a food with low glycemic index and slow-release function is a problem to be solved at present.

Contents of the invention

In view of this, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a slow-release carbohydrate composition and its application. The slow-release carbohydrate composition provided by the present invention can effectively reduce hyperglycemia, insulin, insulin sensitivity, HOMA-IR, improve the reduction of pancreatic cell damage, and further study the mechanism to increase the level of GLUT4 protease in muscle tissue to improve or relieve diabetes symptoms; in addition, the slow-release carbohydrate composition can also reduce blood cholesterol levels, low-density lipoprotein levels, fat cell size, and staining of liver tissue sections. It is clear that slow-release carbohydrates can also reduce fatty liver and obesity. efficacy.

The invention provides a slow-release carbohydrate composition, which comprises tapioca starch dextrin and green banana powder.

Preferably, dextrins other than tapioca dextrins are also included, and the dextrins are selected from maltodextrins.

Preferably, starch is also included, and the starch is selected from one or more of sweet potato starch, millet starch, waxy corn starch, and potato starch.

Preferably, resistant starch other than green banana powder is also included, and the resistant starch is selected from one or more of pea starch, kudzu root starch and lotus seed starch.

Preferably, low GI sugars are also included.

Preferably, the low GI sugar is selected from trehalose, palatinose, levoarabinose, xylitol, tagatose, and isomaltulose.

Preferably, the slow-release carbohydrate composition includes:

8-16 parts by mass of tapioca starch dextrin, 21.7-43.4 parts by mass of maltodextrin, 0-0.8 parts by mass of resistant starch, 0-0.8 parts by mass of green banana powder, 0-8 parts by mass of trehalose, and 0-7.2 parts by mass of palatinose.

The present invention also provides an application of the above-mentioned slow-release carbohydrate composition in the preparation of a product that has the functions of lowering blood sugar, lowering insulin, improving insulin sensitivity, improving insulin resistance, protecting the weight loss caused by STZ drug-induced pancreas damage, lowering cholesterol, improving the gene expression of glucose transporter (GLUT4) in peripheral tissues, and lowering density lipoprotein.

The present invention also provides an application of the above-mentioned sustained-release carbohydrate composition in preparing food for regulating blood lipid, regulating blood sugar and/or reducing weight.

Preferably, the food is selected from dairy products.

Preferably, the dairy product is selected from liquid dairy products, milk powder products, condensed milk products, milk fat products, cheese products, milk ice cream products or other dairy products.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a slow-release carbohydrate composition, including tapioca starch dextrin and green banana powder. The slow-release carbohydrate composition provided by the present invention can effectively reduce hyperglycemia, insulin, insulin sensitivity, HOMA-IR, improve the reduction of pancreatic cell damage, and further study the mechanism to increase the level of GLUT4 protease in muscle tissue to improve or relieve diabetes symptoms; in addition, the slow-release carbohydrate composition can also reduce blood cholesterol levels, low-density lipoprotein levels, and fat cell size. Stained liver tissue sections clearly show that slow-release carbohydrates have the effect of reducing fatty liver and obesity at the same time.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 shows the results of fasting blood glucose (Figure 1A) and OGTT (Figure 1B) for different weeks of slow-release carbohydrate combination intervention;

Figure 2 shows the fasting insulin value, insulin sensitivity QUICKI and HOMA-IR of slow-release carbohydrate combination intervention;

Figure 3 shows that the slow-release carbohydrate combination increases the pancreas mass and muscle tissue levels of GLUT4 protein and mRNA in diabetic mice;

Figure 4 is the slow-release carbohydrate combination intervention to reduce oil accumulation indicators;

Figure 5 shows that the slow-release carbohydrate combination lowers blood total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels.

Detailed ways

The invention provides a slow-release carbohydrate composition, which comprises tapioca starch dextrin and green banana powder.

In the present invention, the slow-release carbohydrate composition refers to a composition that is hydrolyzed into glucose 20-120 minutes after eating, and has the characteristic of slowly raising blood sugar.

In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the slow-release carbohydrate composition further includes dextrins other than tapioca dextrin, and the dextrins are selected from maltodextrins.

In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the slow-release carbohydrate composition further includes starch, and the starch is selected from one or more of sweet potato starch, millet starch, waxy corn starch, and potato starch.

In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the slow-release carbohydrate composition further includes resistant starch other than green banana powder, and the resistant starch is selected from one or more of pea starch, kudzu root starch, and lotus seed starch.

In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the slow-release carbohydrate composition further includes low GI sugars. Among them, the low GI sugar is preferably trehalose, palatinose, levoarabinose, xylitol, tagatose, isomaltulose. The low GI sugar is sugar with GI (food glycemic index)≤55.

In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the slow-release carbohydrate composition includes the following raw materials in parts by mass:

8-16 parts by mass of tapioca starch dextrin, 21.7-43.4 parts by mass of maltodextrin, 0.4-0.8 parts by mass of resistant starch, 0.4-0.8 parts by mass of green banana powder, 4-8 parts by mass of trehalose, and 3.6-7.2 parts by mass of palatinose.

Specifically, the slow-release carbohydrate composition provided by the present invention includes 8-16 parts by mass of tapioca starch dextrin, preferably 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, or any value between 8-16 parts by mass. The source of the tapioca starch dextrin is not particularly limited in the present invention, and it is generally commercially available. In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the tapioca starch dextrin has a DE value of 3-7, preferably 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or any value between 3-7.

The slow-release carbohydrate composition provided by the present invention further includes 21.7-43.4 parts by mass of maltodextrin, preferably 21.7, 25, 30, 35, 40, 43.4, or any value between 21.7-43.4 parts by mass. The present invention has no special limitation on the source of the maltodextrin, which is generally commercially available. In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the maltodextrin has a DE value of 3-7, preferably 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or any value between 3-7.

The slow-release carbohydrate composition provided by the present invention further includes 0.4-0.8 parts by mass of resistant starch, preferably 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, or any value between 0.4-0.8 parts by mass. The present invention has no special limitation on the source of the resistant starch, which is generally commercially available. The resistant starch accounts for 60% of the total dietary fiber (tested as dietary fiber for food labeling purposes by AOAC methods 985.29 and 991.43).

The slow-release carbohydrate composition provided by the present invention further includes 0.4-0.8 parts by mass of green banana powder, preferably 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, or any value between 0.4-0.8 parts by mass.

The sustained-release carbohydrate composition provided by the present invention further includes 4-8 parts by mass of trehalose, preferably 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or any value between 4-8 parts by mass.

The sustained-release carbohydrate composition provided by the present invention further includes 3.6-7.2 parts by mass of palatinose, preferably 3.6, 4, 5, 6, 7, 7.2, or any value between 3.6-7.2 parts by mass.

The present invention has no special restrictions on the specific sources of the green banana powder, trehalose and palatinose, which are generally commercially available.

In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the slow-release carbohydrate composition includes the following raw materials in parts by mass:

8 parts by mass of tapioca starch dextrin, 21.7 parts by mass of maltodextrin, 0.4 parts by mass of resistant starch, 0.4 parts by mass of green banana powder, 4 parts by mass of trehalose, and 3.6 parts by mass of palatinose.

In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the slow-release carbohydrate composition includes the following raw materials in parts by mass:

16 parts by mass of tapioca starch dextrin, 43.4 parts by mass of maltodextrin, 0.8 parts by mass of resistant starch, 0.8 parts by mass of green banana powder, 8 parts by mass of trehalose, and 7.2 parts by mass of palatinose.

The present invention also provides an application of the above-mentioned slow-release carbohydrate composition in the preparation of a product that has the functions of lowering blood sugar, lowering insulin, improving insulin sensitivity, improving insulin resistance, protecting the weight loss caused by STZ drug-induced pancreas damage, lowering cholesterol, improving the gene expression of glucose transporter (GLUT4) in peripheral tissues, and lowering density lipoprotein.

The slow-release carbohydrate ratio can be used to treat and prevent diabetes and fatty liver, including:

1. Significantly reduce hyperglycemia. Experimental results show that the slow-release carbohydrate composition provided by the present invention can significantly reduce hyperglycemia caused by diabetic mice;

2. Significantly reduce insulin. Experimental results show that the slow-release carbohydrate composition provided by the present invention can significantly reduce insulin in diabetic mice, improve insulin sensitivity (QUICKI) and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) caused by diabetes;

3. Improve the quality of pancreas and the level of GLUT4 protein and mRNA gene in muscle tissue. Experimental results show that the slow-release carbohydrate composition provided by the present invention can improve the quality of pancreas and the level of GLUT4 protein and mRNA gene in muscle tissue of diabetic mice;

4. By reducing the accumulation of triglycerides in the liver and reducing the size of subcutaneous fat cells, it further reduces the content of high cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein.

In some specific embodiments of the present invention, there is also provided an application of the slow-release carbohydrate composition in preparing food for regulating blood lipid, regulating blood sugar and reducing weight.

In the present invention, the composition can be prepared as a blood lipid-regulating food for people who need to regulate blood lipids, such as people with hyperlipidemia, hypertensive patients with high blood lipids, patients with coronary heart disease with normal blood lipids, diabetic patients with normal blood lipids, etc.;

In the present invention, the composition can be prepared as a blood sugar-regulating food for people who need to regulate blood sugar, such as people with high blood sugar, people with diabetes, people with potential diabetes risks, etc.;

In the present invention, the composition can be prepared as a food with weight loss effect for people who need to adjust their weight, such as obese people, people with high body mass index, etc.;

In the present invention, the composition can be prepared as a food that simultaneously regulates blood fat, blood sugar and loses weight.

In the present invention, the food is selected from dairy products. Preferably, the dairy product is selected from liquid dairy products, milk powder products, condensed milk products, milk fat products, cheese products, milk ice cream products or other dairy products.

Wherein, described food comprises the raw material of following mass percentage:

Tapioca starch dextrin 8wt%-16wt%, maltodextrin 21.7wt%-43.4wt%, resistant starch 0.4wt%-0.8wt%, green banana powder 0.4wt%-0.8wt%, trehalose 4wt%-8wt%, palatinose 3.6wt%-7.2wt%.

In some specific implementations of the present invention, the food includes the following raw materials in mass percentages:

Tapioca starch dextrin 8wt%, maltodextrin 21.7wt%, resistant starch 0.4wt%, green banana powder 0.4wt%, trehalose 4wt%, palatinose 3.6wt%.

In some specific implementations of the present invention, the food includes the following raw materials in mass percentages:

Tapioca starch dextrin 16wt%, maltodextrin 43.4wt%, resistant starch 0.8wt%, green banana powder 0.8wt%, trehalose 8wt%, palatinose 7.2wt%.

In the present invention, the slow-release carbohydrate composition can simultaneously reduce and improve hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and hyperlipidemia in diabetic mice induced by STZ means.

The slow-release carbohydrate composition provided by the invention can be used to prepare products with reduced sugar, lowered sugar or low GI.

The slow-release carbohydrate composition provided by the present invention can effectively reduce hyperglycemia, insulin, insulin sensitivity, HOMA-IR, improve the reduction of pancreatic cell damage, and further study the mechanism to increase the level of GLUT4 protease in muscle tissue to improve or relieve diabetes symptoms; in addition, the slow-release carbohydrate composition can also reduce blood cholesterol levels, low-density lipoprotein levels, and fat cell size. Stained liver tissue sections clearly show that slow-release carbohydrates have the effect of reducing fatty liver and obesity at the same time.

In order to further understand the present invention, the sustained-release carbohydrate composition provided by the present invention and its application will be described below in conjunction with examples, and the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited by the following examples.

In the following examples, the raw materials are all commercially available products.

Described tapioca starch dextrin is that DE value is 5;

The maltodextrin has a DE value of 5;

The resistant starch accounts for 60% of the total dietary fiber (tested as dietary fiber for food labeling purposes with AOAC methods 985.29 and 991.43)

Animal models of diabetes and slow-release carbohydrate intervention

After 6 weeks of high-fat diet intervention, C56BL/6J mice were divided into two groups, 10 of which were fed with normal diet (control group) (16% fat calorie ratio, AIN-93G, Dyets), and 30 were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) (model group) (60% fat calorie ratio, 112252, Dytes) for 6 weeks. HFD+STZ was injected 6 times with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 40mg/kg), and the fasting blood glucose value was measured to be greater than 11.1mmol/L, which was considered successful in modeling, and then given feed intervention for 6 weeks.

In Example 1 and Example 2, different ratios of slow-release carbohydrate combinations were added to the base of the model group (20 in the above-mentioned model group, of which, 10 in Example 1 and 10 in Example 2).

Embodiment 1-low dose group

Animal feed design: 8% tapioca starch dextrin, 21.7% maltodextrin, 0.4% resistant starch, 0.4% green banana powder, 4% trehalose and 3.6% palatinose were added to the high-fat feed (model group feed).

Embodiment 2-high dose group

Animal feed design: 16% tapioca starch dextrin, 43.4% maltodextrin, 0.8% resistant starch, 0.8% green banana powder, 8% trehalose and 7.2% palatinose were added to the high-fat feed (model group feed).

Sample Collection and Testing Indicators

At the end of the experiment, blood (Fig. 1, 2, 3, 5), adipose tissue (Fig. 4), and liver (Fig. 4) were collected by dissecting. Blood: glucose, insulin, insulin sensitivity, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, subcutaneous fat: H&E stained histopathological sections (Fig. 4), liver: H&E stained and oil red stained pathological sections (Fig. 4), muscle proteomics analysis (Western blotting) (Fig. 3).

Detection method

oral glucose tolerance test

Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed every 3 weeks. After the mice were fasted for 12 hours at night, the tails were cut to collect blood, and the fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels of the mice were measured with a Roche blood glucose meter. FBG was used as the blood glucose at 0, and 0.2g/mL glucose solution was intragastrically administered at a dose of 2g/kg, and the blood glucose levels were measured at 30, 60 and 120 minutes. The area under the curve (AUC) of the time-glucose curve (AUC) was calculated as an indicator of glucose tolerance.

Glucose and insulin function index detection

The main steps of using the ELISA kit to detect serum glucose and insulin (INS) are as follows:

1) Prepare a standard curve;

2) Set blank wells (blank control wells do not add samples and enzyme-labeled reagents, and the rest of the steps are the same), and sample wells to be tested. Add 40 μl of sample diluent to the well of the sample to be tested, then add 10 μl of the sample to be tested, shake gently to mix;

3) Add 50 μl of enzyme-labeled reagent to each well, except for blank wells;

4) After sealing the plate with a sealing film, incubate at 37°C for 30 minutes;

5) Discard the liquid, fill each well with washing solution, discard after standing for 30 seconds, repeat washing 5 times and drain.

6) First add 50 μl of chromogenic reagent A solution to each well, then add 50 μl of chromogenic reagent B solution, shake gently to mix, and incubate at 37°C in the dark for 10 minutes;

7) Add 50 μl of stop solution to each well to stop the reaction;

8) Adjust the blank hole to zero, and measure the absorbance at a wavelength of 450nm. The measurement should be carried out within 15 minutes after adding the stop solution;

Blood lipid test

Kits were used to detect serum total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and the experimental method was carried out according to the instructions.

H&E staining

Preparation of paraffin sections:

1) Fresh liver and adipose tissue were fixed with 10% formalin for more than 24 hours, the liver and adipose tissue were smoothed with a scalpel, and the tissue and corresponding labels were placed in a dehydration box, and embedded in paraffin;

2) Dehydration and melting of paraffin with gradient alcohol;

3) Put the melted wax into the embedding frame and affix the corresponding label. Cool in a -20°C freezer. After the wax solidifies, take out the wax block from the embedding frame and trim the wax block;

4) Place the trimmed wax block in a paraffin microtome to section with a thickness of 4 μm. The slices were floated on the 40°C warm water of the slide spreader to flatten the tissue, the slides were picked up, and the slices were baked in a 60°C oven. Dry it with water, take it out after the wax is baked and store it at room temperature for later use.

The main steps of H&E staining are as follows:

1) Dewaxing: soak in xylene solution I for 3-5 minutes, soak in xylene solution II for 10 minutes, and dewax the slices until they are transparent;

2) Cover with water: soak in 95% and 85% ethanol for 5 minutes in turn, rinse with distilled water for 5 minutes, a total of 3 times;

3) Hematoxylin staining: Hematoxylin staining for 5 minutes, rinsed with distilled water, differentiated with 1% hydrochloric acid solution for 5-10 seconds, rinsed for 15 minutes;

4) Eosin staining: stain in 0.5% eosin solution for 1 min, rinse with running water;

5) Dehydration: Soak in 85% and 95% ethanol sequentially for 10s→100% ethanol solution Ⅰ and Ⅱ for 1-3min sequentially, xylene solution Ⅰ and Ⅱ for 5min sequentially;

Sealing and observation: After the slices are naturally dried, add neutral resin, seal the slices, and place them under a microscope for observation and filming.

Oil red staining

1) Section fixation: rewarm and dry the frozen sections, fix for 15 minutes, wash with tap water, and dry in the air;

2) Oil red dyeing: Dip dyeing with oil red dye solution for 8-10 minutes;

3) Background differentiation: take out the slices and stay for 3s; then immerse in two tanks of 60% isopropanol for differentiation, each for 3s and 5s. Immerse in 2 cylinders of pure water in sequence, 10s each;

4) Hematoxylin staining: take out the slices, stay in hematoxylin for 3 seconds, then immerse in hematoxylin for 3-5 minutes for restaining, soak in 3 cylinders of pure water for 5 seconds, 10 seconds, and 30 seconds each. Differentiation solution (using 60% alcohol as solvent) for differentiation for 2-8s, 2 tanks of distilled water for 10s each, blue solution for 1s, gently immerse the slices in 2 tanks of tap water for 5s and 10s each, and check the staining effect under the microscope;

5) Sealing: glycerin gelatin mounting agent sealing;

6) Microscopic inspection, image acquisition and analysis;

7) Interpretation of results: Lipid droplets are orange to bright red, and cell nuclei are blue.

Western Blot

1) Sample preparation: Weigh the tissue, add tissue lysate at a mass volume ratio of 1:9, and place it at 4°C to fully lyse. The protein concentration of the samples was determined using a BCA kit. Add distilled water and 5×loading buffer according to the protein concentration, vortex and oscillate evenly, denature in a metal bath at 99°C for 5 minutes, cool and store in a -80°C refrigerator for later use;

2) Gel preparation: According to the instructions of the SDS-PAGE gel preparation kit, prepare separation gels of different concentrations, add the concentration gel after the separation gel is solidified, and carefully insert the sample comb;

3) Sample loading: After the stacking gel is completely solidified, put the glass plate into the electrophoresis tank, add the electrophoresis solution, take out the comb, add 3 μl of the protein standard marker to the first and last wells, and add 10 μl of the sample to be tested in order in the middle;

4) Electrophoresis: Set the voltage to 40V. After the band runs into the separating gel, adjust to 80V to continue electrophoresis. After the blue band runs to the bottom of the gel, the electrophoresis ends;

5) Transfer film: Take out the glass plate, cut off the excess part of the gel, put sponge, filter paper, gel and PVDF membrane in the transfer film clip, clamp the transfer film clip, put the electrode into the transfer film tank, and pour in enough transfer film solution. Place ice cubes and ice boxes around the film transfer tank, and transfer the film at a constant current of 200mA for 2h;

6) Sealing: After the membrane transfer is completed, take out the PVDF membrane carefully, immerse it in 5% skimmed milk blocking solution, and seal it at room temperature on a shaker for 1 hour;

7) Antibody incubation: Discard the blocking solution, add an appropriate concentration of primary antibody, and incubate overnight at 4°C with shaking. After primary antibody incubation, the PVDF membrane was washed 3 times with 1×PBST, 15 min each time. Add the corresponding secondary antibody, place on a shaker, and incubate at room temperature for 1 h. After incubation, wash 3 times, each time for 15 minutes;

8) Exposure and result analysis: Prepare ECL chemical solution, drop it on the surface of PVDF membrane, and develop it on a chemiluminescence imager. Use Image J to analyze the gray scale of each band to determine the relative changes in the expression of the target protein and make statistics;

Changes in basic physiological values of mice

There were no significant differences in body weight, food intake, drinking water, liver, kidney, subcutaneous fat and visceral fat mass among the mice in each group.

Blood glucose changes in mice

The fasting blood glucose level of the model group was significantly higher than that of the control group from the first week (5.6±0.6 in the control group, 12.5±2.5 in the model group) (p<0.05). Receptivity results (AUC(×10³), the model group was 2.91±0.3, the low dose was 2.77±0.66, and the high dose was 2.38±0.41) (Figure 1B). The high tolerance of the model group represented the poor ability of the model group to regulate blood sugar, and the slow-release carbohydrate high-dose group could significantly reduce glucose tolerance in six weeks and significantly improve the ability of diabetic mice to regulate blood sugar.

Mouse Insulin Resistance Index

Compared with the control group, the model group had a higher level of insulin in the blood of the mice, indicating successful modeling; compared with the model group, the slow-release carbohydrate combination-high dose significantly reduced the insulin content (control group 0.23±0.05, model group 0.33±0.11, low dose 0.23±0.10, high dose 0.22±0.07) (Figure 2, p<0.05). Both the insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and the insulin sensitivity index (QUICKI) were calculated from the fasting blood glucose value FPG and the fasting insulin value INS. In this experiment, Haffner’s modified formula HOMA-IR=FPG(mmol/L)×INS(μU/mL)/22.5 and the formula QUICKI=1/(lg INS+lg FPG) proposed by Katz were used in this experiment. The results of QUICKI showed that the model group was significantly lower than the control group, indicating that the modeling was successful. The low and high doses of the slow-release carbohydrate combination were higher than those of the model group (control group 0.61±0.05, model group 0.49±0.04, low dose 0.56±0.07, high dose 0.58±0.07) (p<0.001). HOMA-IR results showed that compared with the model group, the slow-release carbohydrate combination was significantly lower than the model group (control group 2.09±0.60 , model group 5.27±1.96, low dose 3.14±1.49, high dose 3.14±1.49) (p<0.05), and the effect of high dose is better than that of low dose; it can be seen that slow-release carbohydrates can improve diabetes by reducing blood insulin and improving QUICKI and HOMA-IR index.

GLUT4 Gene Levels in Pancreas Mass and Muscle Tissue of Diabetic Mice

In order to understand how slow-release carbohydrates can improve the mechanism of STZ-induced diabetes in mice, we further analyzed whether slow-release carbohydrates can improve hyperglycemia and insulin resistance by protecting the pancreas weight damage caused by STZ. From the results, it was found that the model group significantly reduced the pancreas weight, and the slow-release carbohydrate combination-high dose can significantly restore the damage of the model group (model group 0.71±0.51 (*10g), low dose 1.01±0.45 (*10g), high dose 1.07±0.42 ( *10g)) (p<0.05), which means that slow-release carbohydrates can protect the pancreas of diabetic patients; in addition, the model group will reduce the expression of GLUT4 protein in muscle tissue, resulting in a decrease in the ability of muscle tissue to use glucose. High doses of slow-release carbohydrates can increase the level of GLUT4 protein and increase the ability of peripheral tissues to use glucose. The same results are also found in mRNA (model group 0.61±0.24, low dose 0.95±0.21, high dose 1.12±0.21) (p<0. 05), slow-release carbohydrate combination - high dose can improve hyperglycemia and diabetes symptoms.

Mouse blood lipid index

The size of adipocytes in the mice clearly showed that the cells in the model group were significantly larger than those in the control group (upper Figure 4). Under the slow-release carbohydrate combination-high dose treatment, the size of the fat cells was significantly smaller than that in the model group; in the oil red staining of the liver (lower Figure 4), the oil red staining was an indicator of oil accumulation in the liver.

Slow-release carbohydrate combination intervention to reduce oil accumulation index

The results of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein in the blood (Figure 5) showed that the model group was significantly higher than the control group, and the slow-release carbohydrate combination-high dose intervention was significantly lower than the model group (cholesterol: control group 3.80±0.40 model group 4.44±0.37, high-dose 3.75±0.23 and low-density lipoprotein: control group 5.61±0.47 model group 6.94±0.65, high-dose 5.09±0.69) (p<0.05 ).

Statistical Analysis

Unless otherwise specified, the experimental results are presented as mean ± standard deviation to express. SPSS24.0 software was used for statistical analysis of the experimental data. First, the homogeneity test of the data was carried out by one-way ANOVA, and then the comparison between the data of each group was analyzed by the LSD method in the one-way ANOVA. The significance level was set at p<0.05.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (11)

1. A slow release carbohydrate composition comprising tapioca dextrin and green banana powder.

2. The slow release carbohydrate composition of claim 1, further comprising a dextrin-type material other than tapioca dextrin, wherein the dextrin-type material is selected from maltodextrin.

3. The slow release carbohydrate composition as claimed in claim 1 or 2, further comprising starch selected from one or more of sweet potato starch, millet starch, waxy corn starch, potato starch.

4. A slow release carbohydrate composition as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 further comprising a resistant starch other than green banana powder, said resistant starch being selected from one or more of pea starch, arrowroot starch, lotus seed starch.

5. The extended release carbohydrate composition of any one of claims 1-4, further comprising a low GI saccharide.

6. The extended release carbohydrate composition of claim 5, wherein the low GI sugar is selected from the group consisting of trehalose, palatinose, l-arabinose, xylitol, tagatose, isomaltulose.

7. The slow release carbohydrate composition as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising:

8 to 16 parts by mass of tapioca dextrin, 21.7 to 43.4 parts by mass of maltodextrin, 0 to 0.8 part by mass of resistant starch, 0 to 0.8 part by mass of green banana powder, 0 to 8 parts by mass of trehalose and 0 to 7.2 parts by mass of palatinose.

8. Use of the slow-release carbohydrate composition as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 for preparing a product having effects of reducing blood sugar, reducing insulin, improving insulin sensitivity, improving insulin resistance, protecting pancreas damage caused by STZ drugs, reducing cholesterol, improving gene expression of glucose transporter (GLUT 4) by peripheral tissues, and reducing density lipoprotein.

9. Use of a slow release carbohydrate composition as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 for the preparation of a food for regulating blood lipid, regulating blood glucose and/or reducing weight.

10. Use according to claim 9, wherein the food product is selected from dairy products.

11. Use according to claim 10, wherein the dairy product is selected from the group consisting of liquid dairy products, dairy powder products, condensed dairy products, milk fat products, cheese products, dairy ice cream products or other dairy products.