CN116315619B - Ultra-wideband high-gain helical antenna - Google Patents
Ultra-wideband high-gain helical antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN116315619B CN116315619B CN202310569183.8A CN202310569183A CN116315619B CN 116315619 B CN116315619 B CN 116315619B CN 202310569183 A CN202310569183 A CN 202310569183A CN 116315619 B CN116315619 B CN 116315619B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/362—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith for broadside radiating helical antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q11/00—Electrically-long antennas having dimensions more than twice the shortest operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q11/02—Non-resonant antennas, e.g. travelling-wave antenna
- H01Q11/08—Helical antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
- H01Q5/25—Ultra-wideband [UWB] systems, e.g. multiple resonance systems; Pulse systems
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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Abstract
The application belongs to the technical field of antennas, relates to an ultra-wideband high-gain helical antenna, and comprises: a spiral arm with a strip-shaped structure is used as a spiral radiator; the width of the radial arm is along the diameter direction of the spiral radiator, the outer diameter of the radial arm is unchanged, and the inner diameter of the radial arm is gradually reduced from bottom to top; the circumference corresponding to the outer diameter of the radial arm is equal to the central wavelength of the radiation wave so as to meet the working condition of an axial mode; the outer edge of the radial arm and/or the inner edge of the radial arm are/is in the shape of wavy lines; the number of turns of the radial arm is more than five; the outer edge of the radial arm forms a cylindrical spiral shape, and the inner edge of the radial arm forms a conical spiral shape; the lift angle of the cylindrical spiral ranges from 8 degrees to 15 degrees; the base angle of the conical helix ranges from 85 degrees to 89 degrees. The application can widen the bandwidth and improve the directivity.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to an ultra-wideband high-gain helical antenna.
Background
A Cylindrical Helical Antenna (CHA) is a typical circularly polarized travelling wave antenna. Due to its continuous, smooth, self-winding and electrically large geometry, current waves are generally traveling wave on helical conductors, with the electric field direction periodically alternating on the X/Y axis; furthermore, the bottom is provided with a metal reflecting plate, so that ultra-wideband, circularly polarized and directional radiation is formed. Another significant feature of cylindrical helical antennas is that the circular polarization direction is the same as the direction of the helix, i.e. the right hand winding is Right Hand Circular Polarization (RHCP), and the left hand winding is Left Hand Circular Polarization (LHCP). The simple rule provides accurate and reliable basis for antenna design and rotation direction judgment.
In theory, a cylindrical spiral has three modes of operation, namely Normal Mode, axial Mode and Conical Mode. Wherein the normal mode has an operating wavelength substantially greater than the circumference of the spiralThe maximum radiation direction faces the normal plane, has a horizontal omnidirectional pattern similar to a vertical dipole, and can be circularly polarized or linearly polarized; an axial mode with maximum radiation direction towards the upper end of the spiral, the operating wavelength being approximately equal to the circumference C of one turn of the spiral, i.e.>（Center wavelength), circularly polarized and the same direction of rotation as the direction of spiral; the conical die with maximum radiation biased to one side of axial direction and zero point formed in axial direction, the circumference C of one circle of spiral is about two working wavelengths, i.e.)>（/>Is the middle warmerHeart wavelength) also radiates circularly polarized waves in the same direction as the wrap around. Obviously, the operating bandwidth of the axial mode is limited, i.e. the theoretical relative bandwidth（/>Center frequency, approximately 56% bandwidth).
Another feature of the cylindrical spiral is that its impedance bandwidth BW, directivity Dir and axial ratio AR are also highly dependent on the number of turns N. Usually, the number of turns N is at least 7-8, so that better comprehensive performance, such as bandwidth BW, can be obtained>45% of directivity Dir>12dBc, axial ratio AR<3dB, etc. Because of the traveling wave structure of the spiral, current waves continuously radiate to space when propagating towards the tail end, and the current amplitude is continuously attenuated, various indexes are improved with the continuous increase of the number of turns N, but the improvement amplitude is more and more limited, and the improvement is not improved until the N reaches the upper limit; meanwhile, the number of turns is increased, the height H is increased, and the structure cannot bear the weight of the structure. The number of turns N of the single cylindrical spiral is usually about 7-10, corresponding to the directivity. To further increase directivity, multiple spirals are typically arranged side by side or in a co-planar array, which in turn requires a complex feed network design, increasing losses and decreasing efficiency.
The analysis shows that how to widen the bandwidth of the cylindrical helix, improve the directivity and the axial ratio is an important direction of technological innovation breakthrough of the cylindrical helix antenna, and has very bright application prospect in engineering. Such as GNSS navigation satellites, radio astronomical stations, weather radars, etc., ultra wideband spirals can significantly reduce the number of spiral antennas, thereby saving installation space, reducing the load on the platform, etc.
However, the widening of the bandwidth requires expanding the upper and lower limit frequencies of the axial mode, and increasing the directivity, and then increases the caliber efficiency of the whole spiral, such as double-arm, four-arm, or increasing the inner ring configuration. In general, diameter D grading can effectively widen the bandwidth, such as conical spirals, spherical spirals, etc.; however, the gradual diameter will sacrifice periodicity, resulting in a significant decrease in directivity, failing to increase directivity while widening bandwidth.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, it is desirable to provide an ultra-wideband high-gain helical antenna capable of widening the bandwidth and improving the directivity.
An ultra wideband high gain helical antenna comprising: a spiral arm with a strip-shaped structure is used as a spiral radiator;
the width of the radial arm is along the diameter direction of the spiral radiator, the outer diameter of the radial arm is unchanged, and the inner diameter of the radial arm is gradually reduced from bottom to top; the circumference corresponding to the outer diameter of the radial arm is equal to the central wavelength of the radiation wave so as to meet the working condition of an axial mode.
In one embodiment, the inner edge of the radial arm or/and the outer edge of the radial arm is in the shape of a wavy line.
In one embodiment, the number of turns of the radial arm is five or more.
In one embodiment, the outer edge of the radial arm forms a cylindrical spiral shape and the inner edge of the radial arm forms a conical spiral shape.
In one embodiment, the cylindrical spiral has an angle of rise in the range of 8 degrees to 15 degrees.
In one embodiment, the base angle of the conical spiral ranges from 85 degrees to 89 degrees.
In one embodiment, further comprising: a feed structure;
the feed structure is arranged below the spiral radiator and is connected with the bottom of the spiral radiator.
In one embodiment, the feeding structure is a planar spiral with the same rotation direction as the radial arm, or the feeding structure comprises more than one section of matching sections which are sequentially connected, the widths of the different matching sections are sequentially increased along the direction close to the center of the feeding structure, and the length of each section of matching section is an integer multiple of a quarter wavelength of the center frequency of the radiation wave;
the center of the planar spiral or the end of the matching section is connected with a coaxial feed cable.
In one embodiment, further comprising: a connection structure;
the two ends of the connecting structure are respectively connected with the spiral radiator and the feed structure; the connection structure is arranged along the vertical direction of the helical antenna so that a height difference exists between the helical radiator and the feed structure.
In one embodiment, further comprising: a floor disposed below and spaced apart from the feed structure;
the floor is of a cup-shaped structure, and the edge of the floor is provided with a skirt edge which turns outwards.
The ultra-wideband high-gain spiral antenna is a cylindrical spiral antenna, a spiral arm is arranged so as to facilitate feeding and improve processing convenience, a spiral radiator adopts a wide and thin conductor band instead of a conventional circular-section wire, the width of the spiral radiator is in the diameter direction rather than the height direction, so that the diameter of the inner edge of each circle of spiral is small, the diameter of the outer edge of each circle of spiral is large, the inner diameter of the spiral arm gradually decreases along with the increase of a winding angle, the width of the spiral arm gradually increases from a starting end to a terminal end, the upper limit of an axial mode frequency is prolonged to a high-frequency direction, the working bandwidth is widened, the comprehensive bandwidth is improved to 60%, the theoretical limit of 56% is broken through, and meanwhile, the gain of the spiral antenna is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an ultra wideband high gain helical antenna in one embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a front view of an ultra wideband high gain helical antenna in one embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a helical radiator of an ultra wideband high gain helical antenna in one embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a front view of a helical radiator of an ultra wideband high gain helical antenna in one embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a side view of a helical radiator of an ultra wideband high gain helical antenna in one embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a top view of a helical radiator of an ultra wideband high gain helical antenna in one embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a top view of a feed structure of an ultra wideband high gain helical antenna in one embodiment;
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a prior art helical antenna in one embodiment;
FIG. 9 is an input impedance of an ultra wideband high gain helical antenna and a prior art helical antenna in one embodimentA frequency f characteristic;
fig. 10 is a Smith chart of an ultra wideband high gain helical antenna in one embodiment;
FIG. 11 is a voltage standing wave ratio of an ultra wideband high gain helical antenna versus a prior art helical antenna in one embodiment;
FIG. 12 is a diagram of peak directivity of an ultra wideband high gain helical antenna and a prior art helical antenna in one embodimentA frequency f characteristic;
FIG. 13 is an axial ratio of an ultra wideband high gain helical antenna to a prior art helical antenna in one embodimentA frequency f characteristic;
FIG. 14 is a front-to-back ratio of an ultra wideband high gain helical antenna to a prior art helical antenna in one embodimentA frequency f characteristic;
fig. 15 is an axial ratio pattern of peak directivity frequency f=1.875g when the ultra wideband high gain helical antenna is band matched in one embodiment;
FIG. 16 is a half-power bandwidth of an ultra-wideband high-gain helical antenna with matching segments in one embodimentA frequency f characteristic;
fig. 17 is a 2D pattern of peak directivity frequency f=1.875g for an ultra wideband high gain helical antenna with matching segments in one embodiment.
Reference numerals:
a spiral radiator 1, a start 11, a finish 12, an inner edge 13, and an outer edge 14;
a connection structure 2;
a feed structure 3, a first transforming section 31, a second transforming section 32, a third transforming section 33, a fourth transforming section 34;
a coaxial feed cable 4;
and a floor 5.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the present application. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden from the present disclosure, are within the scope of the present disclosure.
It should be noted that all directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) in the embodiments of the present application are merely used to explain the relative positional relationship, movement, etc. between the components in a specific posture (as shown in the drawings), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indicator is correspondingly changed.
In addition, descriptions such as those related to "first," "second," and the like, are provided for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated in this application. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present application, "plurality of sets" means at least two sets, e.g., two sets, three sets, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present application, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "coupled," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and for example, "secured" may be either permanently attached or removably attached, or integrally formed; the device can be mechanically connected, electrically connected, physically connected or wirelessly connected; either directly or indirectly, through intermediaries, or both, may be in communication with each other or in interaction with each other, unless expressly defined otherwise. The specific meaning of the terms in this application will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as the case may be.
In addition, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other, but it is necessary to be based on the fact that those skilled in the art can implement the technical solutions, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be implemented, the combination of the technical solutions should be considered to be absent, and is not within the scope of protection claimed in the present application.
The present application provides an ultra wideband high gain helical antenna, as shown in fig. 1-7, comprising, in one embodiment: a radial arm with a strip-shaped structure is used as the spiral radiator 1.
The width of the radial arms is along the diameter of the spiral radiator instead of along the height of the radiator as in the prior art.
The outer diameter of the arms (i.e. the diameter of the outer edge, noted as) The inner diameter of the arm (i.e. the diameter of the inner edge, denoted +.>) Gradually decreasing from bottom to top, i.e. the width of the radial arms gradually increasing from bottom to top, i.eWherein->Is of a rotary typeWidth of arm bottom->Is the width of the top of the radial arm.
The outer diameter of the radial arms corresponds to a circumference equal to the central wavelength of the radiated wave, i.eWherein->Is the maximum circumference corresponding to the outer diameter of the radial arm, < >>For the center wavelength of the radiated wave to meet the axial mode operating conditions, the antenna is still cylindrical in nature.
It is necessary to explain that: the top direction of the helical antenna is the top of the radial arm (also the terminal end 12 of the radial arm), and the bottom direction of the helical antenna is the bottom of the radial arm (also the start end 11 of the radial arm).
The ultra-wideband high-gain spiral antenna is a cylindrical spiral antenna, a spiral arm is arranged so as to facilitate feeding and improve processing convenience, a spiral radiator adopts a wide and thin conductor band instead of a conventional circular-section wire, the width of the spiral radiator is in the diameter direction rather than the height direction, so that the diameter of the inner edge of each circle of spiral is small, the diameter of the outer edge of each circle of spiral is large, the inner diameter of the spiral arm gradually decreases along with the increase of a winding angle, the width of the spiral arm gradually increases from a starting end to a terminal end, the upper limit of an axial mode frequency is prolonged to a high-frequency direction, the working bandwidth is widened, the comprehensive bandwidth is improved to 60%, the theoretical limit of 56% is broken through, and meanwhile, the gain of the spiral antenna is improved.
In one embodiment, the inner edge 13 of the radial arm and/or the outer edge 14 of the radial arm are in the shape of wavy lines. That is, the outer edge of the radial arm is a smooth curve, and the inner edge is in the shape of a wavy line; or the outer edge of the radial arm is in the shape of a wavy line, and the inner edge is a smooth curve; or the outer edge and the inner edge of the radial arm are both in the shape of wavy lines; or the outer edge and the inner edge of the radial arm are smooth curves.
It should be noted that the wavy line has a periodic curve, such as a sine curve, a cosine curve, a zigzag curve, and the like.
In the arrangement, one edge of the radial arm is a smooth spiral line, the other edge of the radial arm is in the shape of a periodical wavy line, or both edges of the radial arm are in the shape of a periodical wavy line, the number of the wavy line cycles of each circle of spiral is large, and the wavy amplitude is increased along with the increase of the width of the conductor belt so as to prolong the current path, and the lower limit of the axial mode frequency is expanded towards the low-frequency direction, so that the bandwidth is further widened.
In one embodiment, the number of turns of the radial arm is more than five, i.e. N.gtoreq.5, where N is the number of turns of the radial arm to obtain better overall performance, including: ultra wide bandwidth, high directivity, and low axial ratio characteristics.
Under the condition that the number of turns of the spiral arm is only six, namely N=6, the total bandwidth of the cylindrical spiral antenna exceeds 63%, the peak directivity is as high as 13.4dBc, and the increase of 0.78dB is achieved. The application is an important breakthrough of the theory and the technology of the spiral antenna, improves the bandwidth and the directivity without increasing the number of turns, has important theoretical significance and engineering application value, is an excellent scheme suitable for point-to-point communication, satellite navigation, radio astronomy, radar, RFID and other applications, and has good engineering application value in circularly polarized directional antenna equipment and the technology in radio communication.
In one embodiment, the outer edges of the radial arms form a cylindrical helix with an angle of lift in the range of 8 to 15 degrees, preferablyThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The inner edge of the arm forms a conical spiral shape, the base angle of the conical spiral (the included angle between the base angle, i.e. the included angle between the generatrix and the maximum diameter of the lower bottom surface) is in the range of 85 to 89 degrees, preferably +.>。
The above arrangement can enable the helical antenna to obtain better comprehensive performance, and comprises: ultra wide bandwidth, high directivity, and low axial ratio characteristics.
In one embodiment, further comprising: a feed structure 3; the feed structure is arranged below the spiral radiator and is connected with the bottom of the spiral radiator. The feed structure is a planar structure and plays a role in impedance transformation.
Preferably, the feeding structure is a planar spiral with the same rotation direction as the radial arm, the geometric center of the planar spiral coincides with the spiral radiator, or the feeding structure comprises more than one section of matching sections which are connected in sequence. When the number of the matching sections of the feed structure is equal to one section, the matching sections are ring sections with the diameter equal to that of the cylindrical spiral antenna; when the number of the matching sections of the feed structure is greater than one section, the matching sections are connected end to end in turn to form a plane spiral matching section, the widths of different matching sections are sequentially increased along the direction close to the center of the feed structure, and the lengths of each section of matching section are different but are integer multiples of one quarter wavelength of the center frequency of the radiation wave, namelyWherein->For the length of the matching segment, n is a non-negative integer, < ->Is a quarter wavelength of the center frequency of the radiated wave in order to transform the high impedance of the cylindrical helical antenna to the feed cable +.>Is a low impedance of (c).
The center of the planar spiral or the tail end of the last section of the matching section is a feed end, and a 50 omega coaxial feed cable 4 for feeding is connected, vertically passes through the floor upwards from the position right below the tail end of the last section of the matching section (namely, right below the center of the floor), the outer conductor is disconnected at the inner surface of the floor and is connected with the floor, and the inner conductor continues upwards to extend to the feed point of the tail end of the last section of the matching section and is welded with the feed point so as to ensure the symmetry of the directional diagram. In addition to the coaxial feed cable, both the feed structure and the floor are not electrically connected directly or through other third conductive members.
It is necessary to explain that: when the number of the matching sections of the feed structure is greater than one section, the first section is connected with the spiral radiator, and the last section is connected with the center of the feed structure. For example, a spiral band is arranged right below the strip-shaped spiral radiator, the geometric center of the spiral band and the spiral radiator are located on the same vertical line, the spiral band is formed by cascading four sections of matching sections with unequal widths end to end, namely a first transformation section 31, a second transformation section 32, a third transformation section 33 and a fourth transformation section 34, the width of each section of matching section gradually widens along the direction away from the starting end of the spiral radiator, namely the width of the first transformation section is narrowest, the width of the fourth transformation section is widest, the first transformation section is connected with a connecting structure, and the fourth transformation section is connected with a coaxial feed cable.
In one embodiment, further comprising: a connection structure 2; the two ends of the connecting structure are respectively connected with the spiral radiator and the feed structure; the connection structure is arranged along the vertical direction of the spiral antenna, namely the connection structure is a vertical conductor section, so that a height difference exists between the spiral radiator and the feed structure, namely the height of the feed structure is smaller than that of the initial end of the spiral radiator.
In one embodiment, further comprising: a floor 5 arranged below the feed structure and spaced apart from the feed structure in parallel; the floor is of a round cup-shaped structure and is on the same vertical line with the center of the feed structure so as to ensure symmetry of the directional diagram, and the edge of the floor is provided with a skirt edge which turns outwards so as to play a role in suppressing flow.
The floor also needs to satisfy the following relationships:
；
；
；
wherein,,for the distance of the floor from the feed structure in the vertical direction, < >>Is a quarter wavelength of the center frequency of the radiated wave, < >>Is the height of the floor->Is the outer diameter of the floor->Is the outer diameter of the radial arm (also the diameter of the helical antenna).
It should be noted that the helical antenna of the present application is preferably an all-metal structure, and is formed by turning, die casting, metal plate, laser etching, etc., and the above forming mode is accompanied by a self-supporting structure design, which is fixed on a metal floor at the bottom, and the structural member is made of non-metal, such as plastic, rubber, composite material, foam, bakelite, etc. In addition, the processing and forming mode can also be that the external surface of the thin medium body is directly formed by laser, LDS is printed by 3D, metal coating is sprayed, and the like, so that the appearance of the whole spiral antenna is generated.
In a specific embodiment, the ultra-wideband high gain cylindrical helical antenna of the present application has a number of turns n=6 and a pitch of the whole helixHeight->The plane spiral feed end is connected with a 50Ω coaxial cable, the cable outer conductor and the dielectric layer are disconnected at the inner surface of the floor, the outer conductor and the floor are welded together, and the inner conductor is exposed and extends upwards to the spiralThe tail end of the matching section is welded with the tail end of the matching section, the vertical connecting section connects the initial end of the planar spiral matching section with the initial end of the spiral radiator, and the initial and final end widths of the spiral conductor belt are respectively +.>、/>And->The outer edge is a smooth spiral line, the inner edge is a periodical wavy spiral line, and the outer diameter of the spiral line is +.>Is a fixed value, inner diameter->Then becomes smaller gradually with increasing circumferential winding angle (i.e. increasing number of turns), i.e. +.>The value range is as follows: />，/>The outside of the spiral conductor belt is cylindrical, the inside is conical, and the spiral angle is +.>The cone base angle is +.>。
As shown in fig. 8, the number of turns N of the conventional cylindrical helical antenna is six, and the diameter D, the lead angle α, the pitch p, and the height H are all the same as the present application.
Comparing the ultra-wideband high gain cylindrical helical antenna with a conventional cylindrical helical antenna, namely a prior art helical antenna, the simulation result analysis is shown in fig. 9 to 17.
As shown in FIG. 9, the input impedance of the two spirals without a matching sectionThe frequency f characteristic, wherein, smooth line-ultra wide band high gain spiral, dotted line-conventional cylindrical spiral; solid line-real part->Dotted line-imaginary part->. Input impedance of ultra-wideband high-gain spiral>Real part->Center value is about +.>Imaginary part (imaginary part)Center value is about +.>The imaginary reactance component is smaller; conventional cylindrical helical input impedanceIts real part is about->Center value is about +.>Imaginary part X in ∈[-87.5, 5.0]Omega, center value about->The imaginary reactance component is larger; the flat impedance frequency bands of the two are respectively:、/>the former is stretched about 35% wider than the latter in impedance bandwidth.
As shown in fig. 10, the original Smith chart of the ultra wideband high gain helix with the matching section. After the ultra-wideband high-gain spiral antenna is subjected to planar spiral section impedance transformation, ultra-wideband impedance matching is realized. Original Smith chartIn the ultra-wideband, the impedance curve is gathered at the center point of the original image, which shows that the impedance in the band has small fluctuation and good flatness and has the ultra-wideband characteristic.
As shown in fig. 11, accordingly, the voltage standing wave ratioBandwidth->The ideal matching of ultra-wideband is realized.
As shown in fig. 12, the peak directivity of the two helical antennasFrequency f characteristics, wherein the solid line-band planar spiral matches the ultra-wideband high gain spiral of the segment, dashed line-conventional cylindrical spiral. Maximum peak directivity coefficient->The former is about +.>The highest peak directivity is as high as 13.40dB@1.875GHz; />The frequency band ranges are respectively: />、/>Corresponding bandwidths are respectivelyThe former bandwidth is widened by about 30% compared with the latter.
As shown in fig. 13, the axial ratio of the two helical antennasFrequency->Characteristics, wherein the solid line-band planar spiral matches the ultra-wideband high gain spiral of the segment, dashed line-conventional cylindrical spiral. />When the frequency bands corresponding to the two frequency bands are respectively: />、/>The former bandwidth is stretched about 23% more than the latter.
As can be seen from fig. 11 to 13, the input impedance is comprehensively consideredPeak directivity->And the actual available bandwidths of the ultra-wideband high-gain spiral and the conventional cylindrical spiral are respectively as follows: />、The former bandwidth is widened by about 17.5% compared with the latter bandwidth;
as shown in fig. 14, the front-to-back ratio of the two helical antennasFrequency->Characteristics, wherein the solid line-band planar spiral matches the ultra-wideband high gain spiral of the segment, dashed line-conventional cylindrical spiral. The average front-to-back ratio is improved by at least 3dB compared with the back-to-front ratio, and the lowest front-to-back ratio in the band of the front is greater than 16.6dB.
As shown in fig. 15, the axial ratio pattern of the peak directivity frequency point f=1.875g of the ultra wideband high gain helical antenna with the planar helical matching section, wherein the solid lineDotted line->. Axle ratio->The corresponding wave widths are 47.2 degrees and 73.1 degrees respectively, the directional patterns of the two surfaces have slightly poorer consistency, but are larger than half-power wave widths, namely the inner axis ratio of the main lobe wave beam is +.>。
As shown in fig. 16, the half power bandwidth HPBW vs. frequency f characteristic of the ultra wideband high gain helical antenna with the planar helical matching section, where the solid lineDotted line->. At->In the frequency band (BW=59.0%), the wave widths of the two surfaces are not greatly different, and the value range is 37.5-62.5 degrees.
As shown in fig. 17, the peak directivity frequency point f=1.875g of the ultra wideband high gain helical antenna with planar helical matching section is a 2D pattern in which the smooth lineAdd dotted line->The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Solid line->Broken line of. Cross-polarization->Corresponding to the axle ratio->The circular polarization characteristic is good.
The technical features of the above embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The above examples only represent a few embodiments of the present application, which are described in more detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be noted that it would be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements could be made without departing from the spirit of the present application, which would be within the scope of the present application. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present application is to be determined by the claims appended hereto.
Claims (10)
1. An ultra wideband high gain helical antenna comprising: a spiral arm with a strip-shaped structure is used as a spiral radiator;
the width of the radial arm is along the diameter direction of the spiral radiator, the outer diameter of the radial arm is unchanged, and the inner diameter of the radial arm is gradually reduced from bottom to top; the circumference corresponding to the outer diameter of the radial arm is equal to the central wavelength of the radiation wave so as to meet the working condition of an axial mode.
2. The ultra wideband high gain helical antenna of claim 1, wherein the inner edges of the radial arms or/and the outer edges of the radial arms are in the shape of wavy lines.
3. The ultra-wideband high gain helical antenna of claim 2, wherein the turns of the radial arms are five or more turns.
4. An ultra wideband high gain helical antenna according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the outer edges of the arms form a cylindrical helix and the inner edges of the arms form a conical helix.
5. The ultra-wideband high gain helical antenna according to claim 4, wherein the cylindrical helix has an angle of rise in the range of 8 degrees to 15 degrees.
6. The ultra-wideband high gain helical antenna of claim 4, wherein the base angle of the conical helix ranges from 85 degrees to 89 degrees.
7. An ultra wideband high gain helical antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising: a feed structure;
the feed structure is arranged below the spiral radiator and is connected with the bottom of the spiral radiator.
8. The ultra-wideband high-gain helical antenna of claim 7, wherein the feed structure is a planar helix of the same direction as the spiral direction of the radial arm, or the feed structure comprises more than one section of sequentially connected matching segments, the widths of the different matching segments sequentially increasing in a direction closer to the center of the feed structure, the length of each section of matching segments being an integer multiple of a quarter wavelength of the center frequency of the radiated wave;
the center of the planar spiral or the end of the matching section is connected with a coaxial feed cable.
9. The ultra wideband high gain helical antenna of claim 7, further comprising: a connection structure;
the two ends of the connecting structure are respectively connected with the spiral radiator and the feed structure; the connection structure is arranged along the vertical direction of the helical antenna so that a height difference exists between the helical radiator and the feed structure.
10. The ultra wideband high gain helical antenna of claim 7, further comprising: a floor disposed below and spaced apart from the feed structure;
the floor is of a cup-shaped structure, and the edge of the floor is provided with a skirt edge which turns outwards.
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