CN116291379A - A high-temperature and high-pressure gas well annular pressure simulation and control experimental device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-temperature and high-pressure gas well annular pressure simulation and control experiment device, including a gas cylinder, a high-temperature autoclave, a heating device, a liquid storage tank, a liquid injection pipeline, a liquid discharge pipeline, an exhaust pipeline, data acquisition and control system; the gas cylinder is connected with the high-temperature autoclave through the gas injection pipeline; the high-temperature autoclave includes a kettle body, a kettle cover and a side cover. The top is connected with the lid of the kettle, and the end of the side chamber is connected with the side cover; the side chamber is located in the middle of the main chamber, and the side chamber is equipped with clamps 1 and 2 for clamping the sample to be tested. The gas pipeline is connected; the heating device is connected with the kettle body; the liquid storage tank is connected with the injection pipeline through a pressurized pump; the liquid discharge pipeline is connected with the bottom of the main chamber; the data acquisition and control system includes a connected integrated controller and computer. The invention can carry out annular pressure simulation and control research, and provide technical support for gas well exploitation.

Description

A high-temperature and high-pressure gas well annular pressure simulation and control experimental device

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of oil and natural gas drilling fluid engineering, in particular to a high-temperature and high-pressure gas well annular pressure simulation and control experiment device.

Background technique

In recent years, with the rapid development of my country's social economy and the awakening of environmental awareness, the demand for clean fossil energy such as natural gas is also increasing. The depth of natural gas exploration and development is advancing to deep/ultra-deep high-temperature and high-pressure layers, and the problem of annular pressure is becoming more and more serious, which brings new challenges to the safe production of high-temperature and high-pressure gas wells. During the production process of high-temperature and high-pressure gas wells, the thermal expansion of the fluid and the leakage of the well barrier will lead to an increase in annular pressure, resulting in the phenomenon of annular pressure. High pressure production may cause problems such as pipe string failure and wellhead device failure. When it is too large, it may even cause safety problems such as gas poisoning and even natural gas deflagration.

At present, domestic gas fields have adopted a series of measures to deal with gas well annulus under pressure, mainly including filling compressible foam, rupture disk, and reducing production wellbore temperature and other measures. Due to the limitations of field tests, it is impossible to directly observe the actual effects of various measures. However, there is currently a lack of an indoor simulation experimental device that can test the above multiple control technologies at the same time, which creates obstacles for annular pressure simulation and control research. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a new high-temperature and high-pressure gas well annular pressure simulation and control experimental device.

Contents of the invention

In view of the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a high temperature and high pressure gas well annular pressure simulation and control experiment device.

Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:

A high-temperature and high-pressure gas well annular pressure simulation and control experiment device, including a gas cylinder, a high-temperature autoclave, a heating device, a liquid storage tank, a liquid injection pipeline, a liquid discharge pipeline, an exhaust pipeline, and a data acquisition and control system;

The gas cylinder communicates with the high-temperature and high-pressure autoclave through the gas injection pipeline, and the gas cylinder pressure gauge, gas injection valve, and main chamber pressure gauge are successively arranged on the gas injection pipeline;

The high-temperature autoclave includes a kettle body and a kettle cover and a side cover respectively detachably connected with the kettle body. The kettle body is provided with a main chamber and a side chamber which are communicated and whose axes are perpendicular to each other. The main chamber The top of the top is connected with the kettle cover, and the end of the side chamber is connected with the side cover; the side chamber is located in the middle of the main chamber, and the side chamber is equipped with a The clamp one and the clamp two of the sample, the clamp one and the clamp two are provided with fluid channels, after the sample to be tested is clamped, the fluid in the main chamber passes through the fluid channels of the clamp one, The sample to be tested and the fluid channel of fixture 2 enter the cavity formed between fixture 2 and the side cover, and the cavity is connected to the exhaust pipeline, and the side chamber pressure is sequentially set on the exhaust pipeline. gauge and relief valve;

The heating device is connected to the kettle body for heating the kettle body; the liquid storage tank is connected to the liquid injection pipeline through a pressurized pump, and a liquid injection valve is arranged on the liquid injection pipeline; The drain line is connected to the bottom of the main chamber, and a drain valve is arranged on the drain line;

The data acquisition and control system includes a connected integrated controller and computer, and the gas injection valve, main chamber pressure gauge, heating device, side chamber pressure gauge, pressure relief valve, liquid injection valve, and booster pump are respectively connected with The integrated controller is connected.

Preferably, the outer surface of the kettle body is provided with a thermal insulation jacket.

Preferably, a visible window is provided on the side cover.

Preferably, the side cover is made of sapphire glass.

Preferably, the first clamp and the second clamp are screwed to the inner wall of the side chamber respectively.

Preferably, the heating device adopts a heating rod.

Preferably, the liquid injection line communicates with the bottom of the main chamber.

Preferably, the sample to be tested is any one of seals, rock cores, cement sheaths, casing threads, and rupture disks.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

The present invention provides technical support for gas well exploitation by setting the kettle body into a main chamber and a side chamber connected to each other, by setting fixtures in the side chamber, and using different samples to be tested to conduct gas well annular pressure simulation and control research. .

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only These are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained according to these drawings without any creative effort.

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the high-temperature and high-pressure gas well annular pressure simulation and control experiment device of the present invention.

Labels in the figure: 1-gas cylinder, 2-gas cylinder pressure gauge, 3-liquid injection pipeline, 4-gas injection valve, 5-main chamber pressure gauge, 6-heating device, 7-kettle cover, 8-kettle body , 9-heat insulation cover, 10-fixture one, 11-fixture two, 12-sample to be tested, 13-side cover, 14-injection pipeline, 15-injection valve, 16-boosting pump, 17-storage Liquid tank, 18-side chamber pressure gauge, 19-pressure relief valve, 20-exhaust pipeline, 21-discharge valve, 22-discharge pipeline, 23-integrated controller, 24-computer.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the embodiments in the present application and the technical features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in this application have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The disclosure of the present invention uses "comprises" or "comprises" and other similar words to mean that the elements or objects appearing before the words include the elements or objects listed after the words and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects.

As shown in Figure 1, the present invention provides a high-temperature and high-pressure gas well annular pressure simulation and control experiment device, including a gas cylinder 1, a high-temperature autoclave, a heating device 6, a liquid storage tank 17, a liquid injection line 14, and a liquid discharge line 22. Exhaust pipeline 20, data acquisition and control system;

The gas cylinder 1 is communicated with the high-temperature autoclave through the gas injection pipeline 3, and the gas cylinder pressure gauge 2, the gas injection valve 4, and the main chamber pressure gauge 5 are sequentially arranged on the gas injection pipeline 3;

The high-temperature autoclave includes a kettle body 8 and a kettle cover 7 and a side cover 13 that are detachably connected to the kettle body 8, and the kettle body 8 is provided with a main chamber and a side chamber that communicate with each other and whose axes are perpendicular to each other. , the top of the main chamber is connected with the kettle cover 7, and the end of the side chamber is connected with the side cover 13; the side chamber is located in the middle of the main chamber, and the side chamber The chamber is provided with clamp one 10 and clamp two 11 for clamping the sample to be tested 12, and the clamp one 10 and the clamp two 11 are all provided with fluid passages, after the sample to be tested 12 is clamped, the main The fluid in the chamber enters the cavity formed between the clamp two 11 and the side cover 13 through the fluid channel of the first clamp 10, the sample to be tested 12, and the fluid channel of the second clamp 11, and the cavity and the The exhaust pipeline 20 is connected to each other, and the exhaust pipeline 20 is provided with a side chamber pressure gauge 18 and a pressure relief valve 19 in sequence;

The heating device 6 is connected to the kettle body 8 for heating the kettle body 8; the liquid storage tank 17 is connected to the liquid injection line 14 through a booster pump 16, and the liquid injection line 14 There is a liquid injection valve 15 on it; the liquid discharge pipeline 22 is connected with the bottom of the main chamber, and the liquid discharge pipeline 22 is provided with a liquid discharge valve 21;

The data acquisition and control system includes an integrated controller 23 and a computer 24 connected, the gas injection valve 4, the main chamber pressure gauge 5, the heating device 6, the side chamber pressure gauge 18, the pressure relief valve 19, the liquid injection valve The valve 15 and the booster pump 16 are respectively connected with the integrated controller 23 .

In this embodiment, the opening degree of each valve (each valve is an electronically controlled valve), the heating temperature of the heating device 6, the pressure of the booster pump 16, etc. can be controlled by the integrated controller 23, so that the experimental process is more convenient. intelligent. It should be noted that using the integrated controller to control these subcomponents is a prior art, and the specific structure of the integrated controller will not be repeated here.

In a specific embodiment, the kettle body and the kettle cover are made of high-strength alloy steel, so that they can meet the airtight working pressure of 0-70MPa and the standard working temperature of 0-200°C. In this way, the present invention can realize the pressure simulation of the annular space and the effect evaluation of the control measures under the high temperature and high pressure environment of 70MPa and 200°C.

In a specific embodiment, the outer surface of the kettle body 8 is provided with a thermal insulation cover 9 , and the side cover 13 is provided with a visual window. Optionally, the side cover 13 is made of sapphire glass. In this embodiment, a visible window is provided on the side cover 13 or the entire side cover is made of sapphire glass, so that it is convenient for the experimenter to observe the condition of the sample 12 to be tested and the fluid in the side chamber.

In a specific embodiment, the first clamp 10 and the second clamp 11 are screwed to the inner wall of the side chamber respectively, the heating device 6 adopts a heating rod, and the liquid injection line 14 is connected to the main chamber connected to the bottom of the chamber.

In a specific embodiment, the sample 12 to be tested is any one of seals, rock cores, cement sheaths, casing threads, and rupture disks.

When the sample 12 to be tested is a sealing member, the main chamber and the side chamber are completely separated, so that only the main chamber can be used to test the control effect of the compressible gas foam. Specifically: inject compressible gas foam into the upper part of the main chamber, inject annular fluid into the lower part, heat the main chamber through the heating device 6, make the annular fluid thermally expand, and record the pressure increase of the main chamber pressure gauge 5, The control effect of the injected compressible gas foam was thus evaluated.

When the sample 12 to be tested is a core, the effect of releasing the annulus to the formation under pressure can be tested. Specifically: use the booster pump 16 to pressurize the main chamber, observe the seepage of the core sample fluid through the sapphire glass side cover 13, and judge the pressure relief effect of the formation in combination with the pressure boost of the pressure gauge 18 in the side chamber.

When the sample 12 to be tested is a cement sheath or a casing thread, the sealing effect of the cement sheath and the casing thread can be tested. Specifically: add an appropriate amount of liquid (without pressure) in the side chamber in advance, use the gas cylinder 1 to pressurize the main chamber through the gas injection line 3, and use the heating device 6 to raise the temperature to simulate the real downhole environment, and then pass the sapphire glass side cover 13 Observe the seepage of air bubbles on the cement sheath or casing thread, and judge the sealing effect of the cement sheath or casing thread in combination with the pressure gauge 18 in the side chamber.

When the sample 12 to be tested is a rupture disk, the pressure relief effect of the rupture disk can be tested. Specifically: use the booster pump 16 to pressurize the main chamber, observe the opening and closing working state of the rupture disk through the sapphire glass side cover 13, and combine the readings of the pressure gauge 5 in the main chamber and the pressure gauge 18 in the side chamber to obtain the rupture disk Working pressure difference and pressure relief capacity.

In the above-mentioned embodiments, different annulus pressure simulations and control measure effect evaluations can be realized by changing the sample to be tested held by the fixture. For example, when it is necessary to test the thermal expansion coefficient of the annular fluid or the control effect of the compressible gas foam, the seal can be used to completely seal the side chamber; when it is necessary to test the control effect of the rupture disc, the sample to be tested can be replaced with a rupture disc sample; When it is necessary to test the release effect of annular pressure to the formation, the sample to be tested can be replaced with a core sample; when it is necessary to test the sealing effect of the cement sheath, the sample to be tested can be replaced with a cement sheath sample; When the sealing effect is improved, the sample to be tested can be replaced with a threaded sample. It should be noted that the above-mentioned examples are only some typical cases, and other control methods can be tested using the device described in the present invention.

To sum up, the present invention can carry out gas well annulus pressure simulation and control research. Compared with the prior art, the present invention represents a significant improvement.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the present invention in any form. Although the present invention has been disclosed as above with preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone familiar with this field Those skilled in the art, without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention, can use the technical content disclosed above to make some changes or modify equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments by the technical essence still belong to the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. The device is characterized by comprising a gas cylinder, a high-temperature high-pressure kettle, a heating device, a liquid storage tank, a liquid injection pipeline, a liquid discharge pipeline, an exhaust pipeline and a data acquisition and control system;

the gas cylinder is communicated with the high-temperature high-pressure kettle through a gas injection pipeline, and a gas cylinder pressure gauge, a gas injection valve and a main cavity pressure gauge are sequentially arranged on the gas injection pipeline;

the high-temperature high-pressure kettle comprises a kettle body, a kettle cover and a side cover, wherein the kettle cover and the side cover are detachably connected with the kettle body respectively; the side chamber is positioned in the middle of the main chamber, a clamp I and a clamp II for clamping a sample to be tested are arranged in the side chamber, fluid channels are formed in the clamp I and the clamp II, after the sample to be tested is clamped, fluid in the main chamber sequentially passes through the fluid channels of the clamp I, the sample to be tested and the clamp II and enters a cavity formed between the clamp II and the side cover, the cavity is connected with the exhaust pipeline, and a side chamber pressure gauge and a pressure relief valve are sequentially arranged on the exhaust pipeline;

the heating device is connected with the kettle body and is used for heating the kettle body; the liquid storage tank is connected with the liquid injection pipeline through a booster pump, and the liquid injection pipeline is provided with a liquid injection valve; the liquid discharge pipeline is communicated with the bottom of the main chamber, and a liquid discharge valve is arranged on the liquid discharge pipeline;

the data acquisition and control system comprises an integrated controller and a computer which are connected, and the gas injection valve, the main chamber pressure gauge, the heating device, the side chamber pressure gauge, the pressure relief valve, the liquid injection valve and the pressure pump are respectively connected with the integrated controller.

2. The experimental device for simulating, controlling and testing annular space of a high-temperature and high-pressure gas well according to claim 1, wherein a heat-insulating sleeve is arranged on the outer surface of the kettle body.

3. The experimental device for simulating, controlling and testing annular space pressure of high-temperature and high-pressure gas well according to claim 1, wherein a visual window is arranged on the side cover.

4. The experimental device for simulating, controlling and testing annular space of a high-temperature and high-pressure gas well according to claim 1, wherein the side cover is made of sapphire glass.

5. The device for simulating, managing and controlling the annular space of a high-temperature and high-pressure gas well under pressure according to claim 1, wherein the first clamp and the second clamp are respectively in threaded connection with the inner wall of the side chamber.

6. The experimental device for simulating, controlling and testing annular space pressure of a high-temperature and high-pressure gas well according to claim 1, wherein the heating device adopts a heating rod.

7. The device for simulating, controlling and testing the annular space pressure of a high-temperature and high-pressure gas well according to claim 1, wherein the liquid injection pipeline is communicated with the bottom of the main chamber.

8. The device for simulating, managing and controlling the annular space pressure of a high-temperature and high-pressure gas well according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the sample to be tested is any one of a sealing element, a core, a cement sheath, a casing thread and a rupture disc.

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