CN116143119B - Variable-frequency microwave-based biomass charcoal reduction CO2Method for producing CO - Google Patents
Variable-frequency microwave-based biomass charcoal reduction CO2Method for producing CO Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于变频微波的生物质炭还原CO2制备CO的方法，属于CO2还原技术领域。该方法以生物质炭为吸波剂和还原剂，在微波反应器中实现CO2被C还原制备CO；微波频率3550‑7100MHz连续可调、功率为200‑400W，空速为88～528h‑1。通过改变微波频率以匹配不同生物质炭的最佳吸收频率，在共振作用及热点效应影响下有效促进反应进行。本发明基于微波频率连续可调的特点，可以使生物质炭在480‑900℃还原CO2，并得到相对纯净的CO，解决了现有技术中CO2转化率低和贵金属催化剂需求高的问题。
The invention discloses a method for preparing CO by reducing CO2 with biochar based on variable frequency microwave, and belongs to the technical field of CO2 reduction. The method uses biochar as an absorber and a reducing agent, and realizes CO2 reduction by C in a microwave reactor to prepare CO; the microwave frequency is continuously adjustable at 3550-7100MHz, the power is 200-400W, and the air velocity is 88-528h -1 . By changing the microwave frequency to match the optimal absorption frequency of different biochars, the reaction is effectively promoted under the influence of resonance and hot spot effects. Based on the characteristics of continuously adjustable microwave frequency, the present invention can reduce CO2 with biochar at 480-900℃, and obtain relatively pure CO, which solves the problems of low CO2 conversion rate and high demand for precious metal catalysts in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of CO 2 reduction, and particularly relates to a method for preparing CO by reducing CO 2 by biomass charcoal based on variable frequency microwaves.
Background
CO 2 is an important component as a greenhouse gas, both its conversion and its utilization are the end products of carbon or carbide oxidation. With the development of modern industry, the emission of CO 2 is increasing, so how to recycle CO 2 waste gas has become a widely regarded topic of modern science. With the increasing serious greenhouse effect caused by the emission of a large amount of CO 2, the chemical conversion and utilization research of CO 2 is more and more active, and the development of technologies such as CO 2 trapping, storage, conversion utilization and the like is imperative.
CO is an important basic organic synthetic raw material that reacts with water, ammonia, methanol, etc. to produce organic chemicals such as methanol, formamide, dimethylformamide, methyl formate, and acetic acid. Reduction of CO 2 to CO can convert greenhouse gases to intermediates for high value chemicals. in the CO 2 conversion and utilization, the reverse water gas shift reaction (CO 2+H2＝CO+H2 O) is one of the widely studied routes, but the prior literature reports that noble metals, copper-based catalysts, nickel-based catalysts and the like are generally used at relatively high temperature (600-800 ℃), the CO 2 conversion rate is about 40%, Meanwhile, hydrogen is required to be consumed as a reducing agent, and methanation side reaction (CO+3H 2＝CH4+H2 O) exists, so that the selectivity of CO is improved disadvantageously. Patent CN107552056a discloses a catalyst for preparing carbon monoxide by hydrogenation of carbon dioxide, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the catalyst comprises the following components in parts by mole: a) 0.9 to 10 parts of metallic Zr element and/or Ti element; b) 1-10 parts of alkaline earth metal element; c) 0.1-5 parts of metal Mn element and/or Fe element, and carrying out reverse water gas reaction at 550-600 ℃, wherein the conversion rate of CO 2 is 43-53%. Patent CN109135828A discloses a method for preparing CO gasification by CO 2 reduction, which comprises the steps of mixing oxygen and CO 2 to form a gasifying agent, then burning by a carbon layer to generate crude CO gas, preheating the CO 2 gas entering a furnace by a heat exchanger at the temperature of about 600-800 ℃ and filtering to finally generate clean CO gas with relatively high purity, however, the reaction process is complicated and pure oxygen with a concentration higher than 98% is required for co-gasification. Electrochemical reduction of CO 2 to produce CO is also a clean, sustainable CO 2 conversion utilization technology, but is limited by faraday efficiency, current density, operational stability, etc., and generally requires the development of high performance catalysts with very low CO 2 conversion in current research. Therefore, the prior art generally requires severe reaction conditions of high temperature and high pressure, or catalytic reaction with noble metal catalyst, and the conversion rate of CO 2 is generally less than 40%, which cannot effectively convert increasing amounts of CO 2.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method for preparing CO by reducing CO 2 by biomass charcoal based on variable frequency microwaves, which is to change the microwave frequency to match the optimal absorption frequency of different biomass charcoal, and effectively promote the reaction under the influence of resonance effect and hot spot effect.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
A method for preparing CO by reducing CO 2 by biomass charcoal based on variable frequency microwaves uses biomass charcoal as a wave absorbing agent and a reducing agent, and realizes that CO 2 is reduced by C in a microwave reactor to prepare CO; the microwave frequency is 3550-7100MHz continuously adjustable, the power is 200-400W, the airspeed is 88-528h -1, and the reaction temperature is 480-900 ℃.
The method for preparing CO by reducing CO 2 by using variable-frequency microwave-based biomass charcoal is characterized in that the biomass charcoal is any one of fir charcoal, activated carbon and unactivated biomass charcoal.
According to the method for preparing CO by reducing CO 2 by using variable-frequency microwave-based biomass charcoal, the unactivated biomass charcoal is rice husk charcoal or bamboo charcoal carbonized material.
According to the method for preparing CO by reducing CO 2 by using biomass charcoal based on variable frequency microwaves, fir charcoal is used as a wave absorber and a reducing agent, the microwave frequency is 3550-4225MHz, the power is 200-400W, the airspeed is 88-528h -1, and the reaction temperature is 600-900 ℃.
According to the method for preparing CO by reducing CO 2 by using biomass charcoal based on variable frequency microwaves, fir charcoal is used as a wave absorber and a reducing agent, the microwave frequency is 4225MHz, the power is 400W, the airspeed is 264-528h -1, and the reaction temperature is 900 ℃.
According to the method for preparing CO by reducing CO 2 by using biomass charcoal based on variable frequency microwaves, bamboo charcoal is used as a wave absorber and a reducing agent, the microwave frequency is 4225MHz, the power is 400W, the airspeed is 528h -1, and the reaction temperature is 829 ℃.
According to the method for preparing CO by reducing CO 2 by using biomass charcoal based on variable frequency microwaves, rice husk charcoal is used as a wave absorber and a reducing agent, the microwave frequency is 4225MHz, the power is 400W, the airspeed is 528h -1, and the reaction temperature is 737 ℃.
The method for preparing CO by reducing CO 2 by biomass charcoal based on variable frequency microwaves comprises the following steps:
Firstly, filling quartz cotton in a quartz tube, slowly filling biomass charcoal into the quartz tube, and filling the quartz cotton for fixation;
secondly, connecting a quartz tube into a microwave reaction system, checking air tightness, introducing nitrogen to purge the microwave reaction system and keeping the microwave reactor in an inert atmosphere;
Thirdly, a microwave power supply is started, variable-frequency microwaves are input into a microwave resonant cavity through a microwave feed port, carbon starts to heat after absorbing microwaves with different frequencies, and the temperature change of the catalyst is detected in real time through an infrared thermometer and a thermal imager of the section of a quartz tube shaft;
Fourth step: stopping introducing nitrogen after reaching the reaction temperature and keeping stable, and regulating a mass flowmeter to control CO 2 to enter the reactor at a preset flow rate;
fifth step: after the reaction is finished, the gaseous product is collected by a gas sampling bag and analyzed in a gas chromatograph in an off-line manner.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. Based on the characteristic that variable-frequency microwaves can be continuously modulated, the temperature is rapidly increased under the influence of a hot spot effect and frequency resonance by changing the microwave frequency to match the optimal absorption frequency of various materials, the reaction is effectively promoted to be carried out at a low temperature, and CO 2 can be subjected to reduction reaction with carbon at 600 ℃. CO 2 reduction (CO 2 +c=2co) with a conversion of 95.48% can be achieved without catalyst at 600 ℃ and the reaction consumes no hydrogen.
2. According to the invention, a catalyst is not introduced in the CO 2 conversion process, the highest conversion rate of reducing CO 2 by fir charcoal can reach 99.21%, and the CO selectivity is 100%; the conversion rate of the rice husk carbon to the CO 2 is 61.82%, and the CO selectivity is 100%; the conversion rate of the bamboo charcoal to reduce CO 2 is 98.10%, and the CO selectivity is 100%.
3. The reducing agent is biomass charcoal, which comprises activated charcoal and unactivated carbonized material, and based on the characteristic of continuously adjustable microwave frequency, the biomass activated charcoal can reduce CO 2 at 480-900 ℃ and obtain relatively pure CO, so that a new way is found for utilizing biomass charcoal while solving the problem of high-efficiency conversion of CO 2.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of microwaves and microwave frequencies on CO 2 carbon reduction;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the effect of power on CO 2 carbon reduction;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of CO 2 flow on CO 2 carbon reduction;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the effect of biochar material on CO 2 carbon reduction.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below in connection with specific embodiments. The microwave continuous frequency modulation device used in the embodiment is a device disclosed in patent application with publication number of CN 111117676A and the invention name of the device is a microwave continuous frequency modulation synergistic biomass directional depolymerization device and a using method thereof.
Example 1
A method for preparing CO by reducing CO 2 by fir charcoal based on variable frequency microwaves comprises the following specific implementation steps:
Firstly, filling quartz cotton in a quartz tube with an inner diameter of 8mm, slowly filling 3.2g of fir charcoal in the quartz tube, and filling the quartz cotton for fixation;
secondly, connecting a quartz tube into a reaction system, checking air tightness, introducing nitrogen to purge the reaction system and keeping the reactor in an inert atmosphere;
Thirdly, a microwave power supply is started, variable-frequency microwaves are input into a microwave resonant cavity through a microwave feed port, the temperature is raised after the carbon absorbs microwaves with the frequency of 2450MHz or 2750MHz, the microwave power is 200W, and the airspeed is 88h -1; detecting the temperature change of the catalyst in real time through an infrared thermometer and a thermal imager of the section of the quartz tube shaft;
Fourth step: stopping introducing nitrogen after reaching the reaction temperature and keeping stable, and regulating a mass flowmeter to control CO 2 to enter the reactor at a preset flow rate;
fifth step: after the reaction is finished, the gaseous product is collected by a gas sampling bag and analyzed in a gas chromatograph in an off-line manner.
The results showed that CO 2 did not react with C at 530℃at 2450MHz or 2750MHz frequencies.
Example 2
In the microwave reactor, the microwave power was set to 200W and the frequency was set to 4225MHz, and the other conditions and the implementation procedure were the same as in example 1.
The reactor temperature was 600 ℃, the CO 2 conversion was 80.3% and the CO selectivity was 100%.
Example 3
In the microwave reactor, the microwave power was set to 200W and the frequency was 5200MHz, and the other conditions and the implementation procedure were the same as in example 1.
The reactor temperature was 568 ℃, the CO 2 conversion was 65.55% and the CO selectivity was 100%.
Example 4
In the microwave reactor, the microwave power was set to 200W and the frequency to 3550MHz, and the other conditions and implementation procedures were the same as in example 1.
The reactor temperature was 710 ℃, the CO 2 conversion was 94.44% and the CO selectivity was 100%.
Example 5
In the microwave reactor, the microwave power was set to 200W and the frequency was 6500MHz, and the other conditions and the implementation procedure were the same as in example 1.
The reactor temperature was 480 ℃, the CO 2 conversion was 66.74% and the CO selectivity was 100%.
Example 6
In the microwave reactor, the microwave power was set to 200W and the frequency was 7010MHz, and the other conditions and the implementation procedure were the same as in example 1.
The reactor temperature was 555 ℃, the CO 2 conversion was 32.84% and the CO selectivity was 100%.
Example 7
In the microwave reactor, the microwave power was set to 200W and the frequency to 7100MHz, and the other conditions and the implementation procedure were the same as in example 1.
The reactor temperature was 559 ℃, the CO 2 conversion was 27.34% and the CO selectivity was 100%.
Comparative example 1
In the fixed bed reactor, the biomass charcoal reduction CO 2 reaction is carried out by adopting an electric heating mode. The temperature of the fixed bed reactor is set to 900 ℃, the mass of fir wood charcoal is 3.2g, and the space velocity is 88h -1.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, filling quartz wool in a quartz tube with an inner diameter of 8mm, filling 3.2g of fir charcoal in the quartz tube, and filling the quartz wool for fixation; placing a quartz tube in the fixed bed reactor;
Secondly, heating the fixed bed tube furnace, and keeping the heating rate of 10 ℃/min to rise to a preset temperature value; the whole system is fully purged by a passing amount N 2 and the air tightness of the device is checked;
And thirdly, stopping nitrogen gas introduction after purging, adjusting the flow rate of CO 2 to be 14ml/min, entering the reactor, collecting the product gas by using an aluminum foil collecting bag after the reaction is finished, and introducing the product gas into a gas chromatograph for qualitative and quantitative analysis.
The temperature of the reactor is 900 ℃, the gasification reaction of the fir charcoal CO 2 is mainly carried out, and the gas components are as follows: h 2 8.11％,CO 34.96％,CO2 56.02％,CH4 0.91.91% and the reaction time was 85min.
The effect of microwaves and microwave frequencies on CO 2 charcoal reduction reference examples 1-7 and comparative example 1, the results are shown in FIG. 1.
The CO 2 carbon reduction reaction is an endothermic reaction, high-temperature catalysis is usually required, the electric heating temperature in a fixed bed reactor is 900 ℃, the reduction of CO 2 is less under the non-catalytic condition, more carbon gasification reaction occurs, and the content of CO in the generated gas is lower. In the microwave reactor, the fir charcoal does not absorb microwaves at 2450MHz frequency, and the temperature can reach 530 ℃ by absorbing microwaves at 2750MHz frequency, but CO 2 does not react with C under the condition. The reaction proceeds more completely at 3550MHz and 4225MHz, with CO 2 conversion up to 95% or more, and maintaining 100% CO selectivity.
Example 8
In the variable frequency microwave reactor, fir charcoal is used as a wave absorber and a reducing agent, and the mass is 3.2g. The microwave frequency is set to 3550MHz, the power is 316W, and the airspeed is 88h -1.
The procedure is as in example 1.
The reactor temperature was 700 ℃, the CO 2 conversion was 94.21% and the CO selectivity was 100%.
Example 9
In the variable frequency microwave reactor, fir charcoal is used as a wave absorber and a reducing agent, and the mass is 3.2g. The microwave frequency is set to 3550MHz, the power is 400W, and the airspeed is 88h -1.
The procedure is as in example 1.
The reactor temperature was 827 ℃, the CO 2 conversion was 97.42% and the CO selectivity was 100%.
Example 10
In the variable frequency microwave reactor, fir charcoal is used as a wave absorber and a reducing agent, and the mass is 3.2g. The microwave frequency is set to 4225MHz, the power is 400W, and the airspeed is 88h -1.
The procedure is as in example 1.
The reactor temperature was 823 ℃, the CO 2 conversion was 97.85%, and the CO selectivity was 100%.
The effect of power on CO 2 carbon reduction is shown in FIG. 2 with reference to examples 2, 4, 8-10.
The frequencies 3550MHz and 4225MHz with high conversion rate are selected, and the power is adjusted to change the heating characteristic so as to examine the highest conversion rate. The change of the power changes the wave absorbing performance of the fir charcoal, the heating rate and the final temperature of the fir charcoal are both improved along with the increase of the power, and when the frequency is 4225MHz and the power is 400W, the temperature of the reactor can reach 823 ℃, and the highest conversion rate of CO 2 is 97.85%.
Example 11
In the variable frequency microwave reactor, fir charcoal is used as a wave absorber and a reducing agent, and the mass is 3.2g. The microwave frequency is set to 4225MHz, the power is 400W, and the airspeed is 264h -1.
The procedure is as in example 1.
The reactor temperature was 900 ℃, the CO 2 conversion was 99.21% and the CO selectivity was 100%.
Example 12
In the variable frequency microwave reactor, fir charcoal is used as a wave absorber and a reducing agent, and the mass is 3.2g. The microwave frequency was set at 4225MHz, the power 400W, and the airspeed 528h -1.
The procedure is as in example 1.
The reactor temperature was 900 ℃, the CO 2 conversion was 99.05%, and the CO selectivity was 100%.
The effect of the CO 2 flow is shown in FIG. 3 with reference to examples 10-12.
Based on the optimal wave-absorbing frequency and power condition of the fir charcoal, the change of the airspeed also has a certain influence on the product distribution, the residence time of the fir charcoal in the reducing agent is reduced by increasing the gas flow velocity, the conversion rate of CO 2 is still maintained to be more than 99% when the airspeed is increased to 264h -1,CO2 to 99.21% and the airspeed is increased to 528h -1.
Example 13
In the variable-frequency microwave reactor, rice husk carbon is used as a wave absorber and a reducing agent, and the mass is 2.5g. The microwave frequency was set at 4225MHz, the power 400W, and the airspeed 528h -1.
The procedure is as in example 1.
The reactor temperature was 737 ℃, the CO 2 conversion was 61.82% and the CO selectivity was 100%.
Example 14
In the variable-frequency microwave reactor, bamboo charcoal is used as a wave absorber and a reducing agent, and the mass is 3.2g. The microwave frequency was set at 4225MHz, the power 400W, and the airspeed 528h -1.
The procedure is as in example 1.
The reactor temperature was 829 ℃, the CO 2 conversion was 98.1% and the CO selectivity was 100%.
The effect of biomass charcoal material is shown in FIG. 4 with reference to examples 12-14.
In order to examine the feasibility of reducing CO 2 by using unactivated biomass charcoal, the fir charcoal used in examples 1-12 was used as activated carbon, rice husk charcoal and bamboo charcoal carbonized materials were selected to react in a microwave reactor at a frequency of 4225MHz with a power of 400W, and at a space velocity of 528h -1, the conversion rate of CO 2 was 99.05% when activated carbon was used as the raw material, the conversion rate of CO 2 was 61.82% when rice husk charcoal was used as the raw material, and the conversion rate of CO 2 was 98.10% when bamboo charcoal was used as the raw material, i.e., the unactivated biomass charcoal could also achieve high conversion rate of CO 2 charcoal reduction with proper frequency and power while maintaining 100% CO selectivity.
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| KR102188673B1 (en) * | 2019-08-19 | 2020-12-08 | 알에프에이치아이씨 주식회사 | Microwave heating device with frequency conversion |
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| US5521360A (en) * | 1994-09-14 | 1996-05-28 | Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc. | Apparatus and method for microwave processing of materials |
| US9187697B2 (en) * | 2010-01-04 | 2015-11-17 | Rodolfo Antonio M. Gomez | Advanced coal upgrading process for a power station |
| CN109390214B (en) * | 2013-08-21 | 2023-03-07 | 应用材料公司 | Variable Frequency Microwave (VFM) process and application in semiconductor thin film manufacturing |
| US20150337224A1 (en) * | 2014-05-22 | 2015-11-26 | The Florida State University Research Foundation, Inc. | Microwave acceleration of carbon gasification reactions |
| WO2017123560A1 (en) * | 2016-01-15 | 2017-07-20 | Ecokap Technologies Llc | Microwave-assisted conversion of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide |
| CN109809407A (en) * | 2017-11-20 | 2019-05-28 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | A kind of utilization method of CO2 in biomass pyrolysis tail gas |
| CN111117683B (en) * | 2020-01-19 | 2023-08-01 | 中国林业科学研究院林产化学工业研究所 | Microwave continuous frequency modulation synergistic biomass pyrolysis product gaseous hydrogenation device and application method thereof |
| CN111117676A (en) * | 2020-01-19 | 2020-05-08 | 中国林业科学研究院林产化学工业研究所 | A microwave continuous frequency modulation synergistic biomass directional depolymerization device and using method thereof |
| KR102318600B1 (en) * | 2020-02-20 | 2021-10-28 | 한국표준과학연구원 | Plasma processing apparatus with embedded flat device for plasma diagnostics |
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| CN109694072A (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2019-04-30 | 北京玖星智能科技有限公司 | A kind of method and device using biomass carbon chemical recycling of carbon dioxide |
| KR102188673B1 (en) * | 2019-08-19 | 2020-12-08 | 알에프에이치아이씨 주식회사 | Microwave heating device with frequency conversion |
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