CN116034320A - 黑色部件及其制备方法 - Google Patents
黑色部件及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于钟表或首饰的内部装配或机械的部件,该部件包括至少部分地涂覆有包含氧化铝的黑色层(3)的基材(2)。它还涉及制备该部件的方法。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及一种至少部分地被黑色覆盖的部件。该部件用于钟表或首饰的内部装配(habillage intérieur)或机械(mouvement)。它还涉及制备所述部件的方法。
发明背景
黑色“颜色”可以通过材料的固有颜色或通过在材料中添加颜料或染料而在材料块中获得。黑色“颜色”也可以仅存在于表面上。这种表面着色可以通过不同方式获得,通常通过金属基材的氧化/硫化/碳化或通过在基材上沉积氧化物/硫化物/碳化物获得。因此,碳是一种熟知的用于使表面变黑的元素。以纳米管形式的细长方式进行沉积,形成的材料可以接近于一个完美吸收的黑体,在可见光和近红外范围内的光吸收系数最高至99.96%。这种黑色如此完美使得可以隐藏从正面看的物体的3D形状。
黑色涂层的使用在钟表领域中是已知的。从文件EP3327517已知一种表盘,其具有面向手表玻璃的涂覆有黑色纳米管层的第一基材和具有在与玻璃相对的表面上固定到第一基材的第二基材。第一基材被穿孔以提供开口,该开口用作旨在形成时标(index)的窗口。第二基材至少在面向开口的区域中包括发光涂层,以便在第一基材处在黑色层和发光时标之间产生对比。
因此,对比度通过叠加具有不同涂层的两个基材而获得。这种叠加允许避免在同一表面上选择性地沉积两种涂层和不再需要处理特别脆弱的纳米管层。然而,这种叠加具有需要制备两个基材的缺点,这增加了生产成本。
从文件CH711141已知一种制备表盘的方法,其中在炭黑涂层上添加装饰物,即时标。该装饰物与表盘分开制备,然后简单地添加到表盘上,这允许大大方便了表盘的制备。
目前,这些超黑吸收剂沉积物是使用化学气相沉积方法由垂直生长的碳纳米管林形成的。为了最大限度地提高在基材上涂层的深黑色外观,大部分碳纳米管必须以垂直于基材的受控方向沉积。这种直接应用于钟表的方法实施起来很复杂。在另一种方法中,基于碳纳米管的油漆或清漆可以通过喷涂进行施加。第二种方法更容易实施,但产生的黑色强度较低。在这两种情况下,碳纳米管的应用和使用实施起来都很复杂,并且在涂层制备、钟表组装和SAV操作过程中可能存在在安全方面的潜在危害。此外,基于碳纳米管的涂层的森林结构使其非常脆弱且难以处理。这些涂层具有非常低的机械强度,即使在轻微的机械压力作用下也很容易被压碎。该层可以是非常脆弱使得几乎不可能在不损坏表面(显示有光泽的雾纱体或与碳纳米管的原始颜色形成鲜明对比的孔洞)的情况下触摸它。此外,涂层的森林结构不允许使用常规直接印刷技术在表面施加叠加装饰物。
发明目的
本发明的目的是通过提供另一种超吸收性、更坚实和更致密的黑色涂层来克服碳纳米管基涂层的缺点,以允许钟表或首饰领域的常规处理和装饰操作。
根据本发明,黑色涂层包括金属氧化物,特别是通过PVD、CVD或PECVD类型方法沉积的氧化铝。这种超黑装饰涂层具有以下特征:
-反射率小于1.5%和在CIELAB体系中的亮度值L小于12,优选7,其允许实现相对于装饰物的高亮度对比度和高颜色对比度;
-结构紧凑,允许在涂层表面施加装饰物;
-允许增强具有复杂表面几何形状和/或特征性钟表装饰物的零件的微米厚度;
-允许在手表中组装被涂覆部件或对其处理以进行装饰操作的机械强度。
本发明涉及至少部分地涂覆有这种黑色涂层的部件以及制备所述部件的方法。
本发明的其它特征和优点在下面参照附图的描述中将变得明显。
附图的简要说明
图1是配备有根据本发明的方法涂覆和装饰的表盘的钟表的平面图。
图2A至6是具有连续实施步骤的根据本发明的方法的不同实施方式的示意图。
发明内容
本发明涉及用于钟表或首饰的内部装配或机械的部件。它可以选自包括表盘、凸缘、指针、时标(index)、镶饰、摆陀、夹板和表桥(pont)的非穷尽性名单。根据本发明,该部件至少部分地被涂覆有黑色层。如下文所述,本发明还涉及两个至少部分地涂覆有黑色涂层的所述部件的组合件。
在下文中,本发明将在手表表盘1应用的范围内进行描述,该手表表盘由至少部分地涂覆有黑色涂层3的基材2形成,如图1中示意性所示。所述基材可以由金属材料例如钢、钛、铝、钛或铝合金、黄铜或任何其它含铜合金制成。它也可以由陶瓷材料、金属陶瓷、蓝宝石、玻璃、硅、复合材料或聚合物制成。
根据本发明,黑色层,也称为黑色涂层,是主要包含氧化铝AlxOy如Al2O3和补充有非铁金属氧化物,如例如铜、锌、镍、铬、银或锰的氧化物的层。该层包含至少90%AlxOy,优选100%AlxOy。氧化铝的铝含量在45重量%-65重量%之间,优选地在45重量%-50重量%之间。该层的厚度在1-50微米之间,优选在2-10微米之间,更优选在4-7微米之间。它可以通过PVD(物理气相沉积)、CVD(化学气相沉积)或PECVD(等离子增强化学气相沉积)进行沉积。
根据本发明的超吸收性黑色沉积物在可见光范围内具有小于2%并且更具体地小于1.5%的反射率值,如表1中对于4和7微米之间的涂层厚度所重现的那样。测量值是通过光吸收光谱法获得的总半球反射率(THR)测量值。
涂层 | 平均反射率 | 最小反射率 | 最大反射率 |
1 | 1.1% | 1.05% | 1.22% |
2 | 1.19% | 1.14% | 1.26% |
表1
在CIELAB颜色体系(根据标准CIE No.15、ISO 7724/1、DIN 5033Teil 7、ASTM E-1164)中,如此涂覆的钟表的亮度具有以下特征:
-L*值小于12,优选小于7;
-a*值在-2和+2之间,优选在-1和+1之间;
-b*值在-3.5和+5之间,优选在-3.5和+1之间。
黑色涂层具有致密的微观结构。这种致密的结构允许在不损坏黑色涂层的情况下施加装饰物。装饰物可以是任何种类。它可以是时标(任选地光致发光),由如图1所示的镶嵌或粘附在基材2上的宝石4、由金属材料、树脂、复合材料、木材、珍珠质等制成的元件。它还可以是发光元件如LED。
所述装饰物被制作或安装在黑色涂层上或基材的没有黑色涂层的部分上。这些部分可以从一开始就没有黑色涂层,或者出于功能或美学原因,涂层可以通过机械加工、激光或通过离子或电子轰击被选择性地去除。选择脉冲型激光器,特别是皮秒、纳秒或飞秒型激光器以选择性地烧蚀黑色涂层。
所述装饰物可通过印刷方法如移印、数码印刷或增材制造被构造在基材上。对于其中装饰物在未涂覆有黑色涂层的部分上甚至在金属基材上产生的变型,它们也可以通过电铸或通过非晶态金属的热成型进行构造。所述装饰物也可以通过粘合来安装。
根据本发明的一种变型,装饰物也可以布置在黑色涂层的不连续涂层下方。因此,该部件包括基材表面的装饰物,例如金属涂层、树脂或漆,包括光致发光漆。然后,黑色涂层沉积在装饰物上,并在选定以露出装饰物的位置被选择性地去除,从而形成对比鲜明的装饰物。任选地,其它装饰物可以在黑色涂层上方进行构造或安装。
本发明还涉及一种包括第一部件和第二部件的组合件,每个部件用于钟表或首饰的内部装配或机械。根据本发明,第一和第二部件包括至少一个涂覆有黑色涂层的部分。优选地,第一部件相对于第二部件具有相对运动并且面向后者进行安装。第一个部件进行装饰。例如,第一个部件是涂覆有黑色涂层并进行装饰的指针,第二个部件是涂覆有黑色涂层的表盘。例如,指针装饰有镶嵌或粘在指针端的宝石。
用于制备根据本发明的部件的不同变型在图2A至6中表示。
制备该部件的方法至少包括:
-步骤a)提供基材2并加工所述基材。如图2B中示意性所示,基材2在加工后可以具有浮雕结构,
-步骤b)在基材2的至少一部分上提供主要包含一种或多种氧化铝的黑色层3。
任选地,在步骤a)期间,基材可以进行微喷砂或微喷丸(microbillage)预处理以增加表面粗糙度(步骤未显示)。如此处理的表面具有用Altisurf 500光学轮廓仪(ISO4288:1996/4287:1997)测量的粗糙度Ra(算术平均粗糙度)在0.4-5微米之间并且优选地在0.4-2微米之间。
作为变型,总是任选地,基材可以经历通过电解等离子的阳极处理或陶瓷化类型的电解氧化预处理,以便在部件的表面上给出粗糙的黑色外观(步骤未示出)。对于该变型,基材优选地由钛合金例如Ti-6Al-4V或Ti-CP3、铝合金例如AA6061、AA2024、AA6082、混合铝-钛合金或铝-锂合金制成。预处理后,基材经过在真空下的处理,以便在表面沉积超黑涂层。
步骤b)可以包括通过PVD、CVD或PECVD在基材上沉积黑色层的步骤。作为变型,黑色涂层通过PVD、CVD或PECVD被沉积在薄膜或条带类型载体上,然后粘合到基材上(图5中的胶合剂或粘合剂层5)。薄膜或条带可由聚合物或金属材料制成,其在与涂层相反的面上包含旨在固定到基材上的粘合剂。
制备方法还可以包括在步骤b)之前和/或之后的装饰步骤c)。装饰步骤可以包括通过印刷方法或通过电铸在涂覆部分或未涂覆部分上构造装饰物。装饰步骤还可以包括将装饰物安装在涂覆部分或未涂覆部分上,装饰物能够被固定,例如通过胶合进行固定。
根据图3、4A、4B和6中的变型,在步骤b)中的沉积黑色涂层3之后存在至少一个装饰步骤c)。如图4A、4B和6所示,该装饰步骤c)之前可以是选择性去除旨在在步骤c)中进行装饰的区域上的黑色涂层3的步骤d)。该选择性去除可限于黑色涂层3(图4A和图6)或延伸直至基材2(图4B)。
作为变型,如图6所示,该方法可以包括在沉积黑色层3的步骤b)之前的装饰步骤c)。用第一装饰物4加工和装饰基材。然后在步骤b)中该装饰的基材用黑色涂层3涂覆,黑色涂层3在步骤d)中选择性被去除,以使在某些部分上的第一装饰物4可见。制备方法可以包括在包括黑色涂层3的部分上的第二装饰步骤c)。优选地,第二装饰物4仅部分覆盖黑色层3。
对于所有变型,该方法还可以包括在具有或不具有装饰物的黑色层上沉积硬质保护涂层的附加步骤(未示出)。该涂层是基于金属氧化物如TiO2、Al2O3、SiO2或这些氧化物中至少两种的混合物的ALD(原子层沉积)型透明涂层。该硬涂层的厚度在5-100nm之间,优选在5-20nm之间。
图例说明
(1)表盘
(2)基材
(3)黑色层
(4)装饰物,又称第一装饰物或第二装饰物
Claims (31)
1.一种用于钟表或首饰的内部装配或机械的部件,其包括基材(2),该基材包括至少一个涂覆有黑色层(3)的部分,该黑色层(3)包含至少一种氧化铝,该被涂覆部分具有在CIELAB颜色体系中为小于12,优选小于7的L*值,在-2和+2之间,优选在-1和+1之间的a*值,在-3.5和+5之间,优选在-3.5和+1之间的b*值。
2.根据权利要求1所述的部件,其特征在于,黑色层(3)包含至少90重量%的氧化铝,优选100重量%的氧化铝。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的部件,其特征在于,所述氧化铝具有按重量计为45%-65%并且优选45%-50%的铝含量。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的部件,其特征在于,黑色层(3)具有为1至50微米,优选2至10微米,更优选4至7微米的厚度。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的部件,其特征在于,它包括在涂覆有黑色层(3)的部分上或在基材(2)的没有黑色层(3)的另一部分上的装饰物(4)。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的部件,其特征在于,它包括被设置在基材(2)和黑色层(3)之间的其它装饰物(4),所述黑色层(3)是不连续的以使所述其它装饰物(4)可见。
7.根据前一项权利要求所述的部件,其特征在于,所述其它装饰物(4)是金属涂层、树脂或漆,包括光致发光漆。
8.根据权利要求5至7中任一项所述的部件,其特征在于,所述装饰物(4)由金属、聚合物、复合材料、木材或珍珠质制成或特征在于它包括LED。
9.根据权利要求5至8中任一项所述的部件,其特征在于,装饰物(4)是被粘附或镶嵌在基材(2)上的时标或宝石。
10.根据前一项权利要求所述的部件,其特征在于,所述时标是光致发光的。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的部件,其特征在于,黑色层(3)涂覆有基于金属氧化物的保护层。
12.根据前一项权利要求所述的部件,其特征在于,所述保护层包含TiO2、Al2O3和/或SiO2。
13.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的部件,其特征在于,它选自包括表盘、凸缘、时标、指针、镶饰、摆陀、夹板和表桥的组。
14.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的部件,其特征在于,所述基材(2)在其被涂覆部分上包括浮雕结构。
15.一种组合件,其包括根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的部件和用于钟表或首饰用的内部装配或机械的另一部件,所述另一部件至少部分地涂覆有所述黑色层(3)。
16.根据前一项权利要求所述的组合件,其特征在于,所述另一部件面向所述部件进行设置并且以相对于所述部件具有相对运动的方式进行安装,所述另一部件包括装饰物(4)。
17.根据权利要求15或16所述的组合件,其特征在于,所述另一部件是指针并且所述部件是表盘,所述指针包括由宝石形成的装饰物(4)。
18.根据权利要求1至14中任一项所述的钟表或首饰或根据权利要求15至17中任一项所述的组合件。
19.用于钟表或首饰的内部装配或机械的部件的制备方法,所述部件包括至少部分地涂覆有包含氧化铝的黑色层(3)的基材(2),该方法包括:
-步骤a)提供所述基材(2)并加工所述基材(2),
-步骤b)将黑色层(3)添加到基材(2)的至少一部分。
20.根据前一项权利要求所述的制备方法,其特征在于,添加黑色层(3)的步骤b)是在基材(2)上沉积黑色层(3)的步骤或者在基材(2)上放置涂有黑色层(3)的薄膜或条带的步骤。
21.根据权利要求19或20所述的制备方法,其特征在于它包括在步骤b)之前和/或之后的装饰步骤c)。
22.根据前一项权利要求所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤c)在于通过增材制造、数字印刷、移印、热成型、电铸来产生装饰物(4),或者在于安装装饰物(4)。
23.根据权利要求19至22中任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于,其包括在步骤b)之后选择性去除黑色层(3)的步骤d)。
24.根据前一项权利要求所述的制备方法,其特征在于所述选择性去除延伸直至基材(2)中。
25.根据权利要求23至24中任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述选择性去除是用脉冲激光进行的。
26.根据权利要求23-24任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于它依次包括装饰步骤c)、添加黑色层(3)的步骤b)和选择性去除黑色层(3)以使在步骤c)沉积的装饰物(4)部分可见的步骤d)。
27.根据前一项权利要求所述的制备方法,其特征在于,其包括在步骤d)之后在黑色层(3)上的另一个装饰步骤c)。
28.根据权利要求19至27中任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述黑色层(3)通过PVD、CVD或PECVD进行沉积。
29.根据权利要求19至28中任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于,基材(2)在步骤a)期间经历微喷砂或微喷丸预处理以增大表面粗糙度,其中粗糙度Ra在0.4-5微米之间,优选在0.4-2微米之间。
30.根据权利要求19至28中任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述基材(2)在步骤a)期间经历通过电解等离子的阳极处理或陶瓷化类型的电解氧化预处理。
31.根据权利要求19至30中任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于它包括在步骤b)之后沉积基于金属氧化物的保护层的步骤。
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