CN116013570B - Radioactive waste liquid treatment methods and systems - Google Patents
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Abstract
本申请的实施例的提供一种放射性废液处理方法,包括:持续向加热装置中引入放射性废液,并借助循环泵驱动放射性废液在加热装置和分离装置之间循环,在循环的过程中,借助蒸汽压缩装置对分离装置分离的蒸汽进行压缩升温获得压缩蒸汽;在确定放射性废液已经被浓缩预定倍数后,将浓缩后的放射性废液引出加热装置和分离装置;方法还包括:在循环的过程中,监测蒸汽压缩装置的工作状态;在监测到蒸汽压缩装置的工作状态出现异常时,关闭蒸汽压缩装置,停止向加热装置中引入放射性废液,并将蒸汽压缩装置、加热装置和分离装置中的气体排出。本申请的实施例还提供一种放射性废液处理系统。
Embodiments of the present application provide a radioactive waste liquid treatment method, which includes: continuously introducing radioactive waste liquid into a heating device, and driving the radioactive waste liquid to circulate between the heating device and the separation device with the help of a circulation pump. During the circulation process , using a vapor compression device to compress and heat the steam separated by the separation device to obtain compressed steam; after determining that the radioactive waste liquid has been concentrated by a predetermined multiple, the concentrated radioactive waste liquid is led out of the heating device and the separation device; the method also includes: in the cycle During the process, the working status of the vapor compression device is monitored; when an abnormality in the working status of the vapor compression device is detected, the vapor compression device is shut down, the introduction of radioactive waste liquid into the heating device is stopped, and the vapor compression device, heating device and separation The gas in the device is vented. Embodiments of the present application also provide a radioactive waste liquid treatment system.
Description
技术领域Technical field
本申请涉及放射性物质处理技术领域,具体涉及一种放射性废液处理方法和系统。This application relates to the technical field of radioactive material treatment, and specifically relates to a radioactive waste liquid treatment method and system.
背景技术Background technique
与核技术相关的工艺工程中常常会产生大量的放射性废液,需要对这些放射性废液进行浓缩处理,通常采用蒸发的方式来完成放射性废液的浓缩,然而,相关技术中所采用的放射性废液处理的工艺流程具有较高的能耗。A large amount of radioactive liquid waste is often generated in process engineering related to nuclear technology. These radioactive liquid wastes need to be concentrated, usually by evaporation. However, the process flow of radioactive liquid waste treatment used in related technologies has high energy consumption.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为解决现有技术中的所述以及其他方面的至少一种技术问题,本申请提供一种放射性废液处理方法和系统。In order to solve at least one of the above-mentioned and other technical problems in the prior art, this application provides a method and system for treating radioactive waste liquid.
根据本申请实施例的第一个方面,提供一种放射性废液处理方法,包括:持续向加热装置中引入放射性废液,并借助循环泵驱动放射性废液在加热装置和分离装置之间循环,其中,加热装置用于对放射性废液进行加热处理以使放射性废液在分离装置中沸腾,分离装置用于将放射性废液沸腾时生成的蒸汽分离,以使放射性废液浓缩在循环的过程中,借助蒸汽压缩装置对分离装置分离的蒸汽进行压缩升温获得压缩蒸汽,将压缩蒸汽引入加热装置,使压缩蒸汽与放射性废液进行换热,以作为加热装置的第一热源,使放射性废液能够持续被浓缩;在确定放射性废液已经被浓缩预定倍数后,将浓缩后的放射性废液引出加热装置和分离装置;方法还包括:在循环的过程中,监测蒸汽压缩装置的工作状态;在监测到蒸汽压缩装置的工作状态出现异常时,关闭蒸汽压缩装置,停止向加热装置中引入放射性废液,并将蒸汽压缩装置、加热装置和分离装置中的气体排出。According to the first aspect of the embodiment of the present application, a radioactive waste liquid treatment method is provided, which includes: continuously introducing radioactive waste liquid into the heating device, and driving the radioactive waste liquid to circulate between the heating device and the separation device with the help of a circulation pump, Among them, the heating device is used to heat the radioactive waste liquid so that the radioactive waste liquid boils in the separation device, and the separation device is used to separate the steam generated when the radioactive waste liquid boils, so that the radioactive waste liquid is concentrated during the circulation process. , use the vapor compression device to compress and heat the steam separated by the separation device to obtain compressed steam, introduce the compressed steam into the heating device, so that the compressed steam and the radioactive waste liquid can exchange heat, and serve as the first heat source of the heating device so that the radioactive waste liquid can Continue to be concentrated; after it is determined that the radioactive waste liquid has been concentrated by a predetermined multiple, the concentrated radioactive waste liquid is led out of the heating device and the separation device; the method also includes: during the cycle, monitoring the working status of the vapor compression device; during monitoring When the working status of the vapor compression device becomes abnormal, shut down the vapor compression device, stop introducing radioactive waste liquid into the heating device, and discharge the gas in the vapor compression device, heating device and separation device.
根据本申请实施例的第二个方面,提供一种放射性废液处理系统,包括:加热装置,加热装置形成有用于放射性废液流动的液体流道,以及设置在液体流道外侧的气体流道,气体流道中流动的气体能够与液体流道中的放射性废液换热,以对放射性废液进行加热处理;分离装置,与液体流道连通,分离装置用于将加热处理后沸腾的放射性废液中的蒸汽分离,以使放射性废液浓缩;循环管路,循环管路将分离装置和液体流道的入口连通;循环泵,设置在循环管路中,循环泵用于驱动放射性废液经由循环管路在加热装置和分离装置之间循环流动;蒸汽压缩装置,设置在分离装置和气体流道的入口之间,蒸汽压缩装置用于将分离装置分离的蒸汽进行压缩升温以获得压缩蒸汽并将压缩蒸汽引入气体流道,以作为加热装置的第一热源;供料装置,供料装置用于向加热装置的液体流道中通入放射性废液;According to a second aspect of the embodiment of the present application, a radioactive waste liquid treatment system is provided, including: a heating device formed with a liquid flow channel for the flow of radioactive waste liquid, and a gas flow channel disposed outside the liquid flow channel. , the gas flowing in the gas flow channel can exchange heat with the radioactive waste liquid in the liquid flow channel to heat the radioactive waste liquid; the separation device is connected to the liquid flow channel, and the separation device is used to heat the boiling radioactive waste liquid The steam in the circulation pipe is separated to concentrate the radioactive waste liquid; the circulation pipeline connects the separation device and the inlet of the liquid flow channel; the circulation pump is arranged in the circulation pipeline, and the circulation pump is used to drive the radioactive waste liquid through the circulation The pipeline circulates between the heating device and the separation device; the vapor compression device is arranged between the separation device and the inlet of the gas flow channel. The vapor compression device is used to compress and heat the steam separated by the separation device to obtain compressed steam and Compressed steam is introduced into the gas flow channel to serve as the first heat source of the heating device; a feeding device is used to introduce radioactive waste liquid into the liquid flow channel of the heating device;
出料口,设置在循环管路中,出料口用于将浓缩后的放射性废液引出。The discharge port is provided in the circulation pipeline and is used to lead out the concentrated radioactive waste liquid.
本申请实施例提供的放射性废液处理方法和系统能够显著的降低放射性废液蒸发浓缩处理时的能耗。The radioactive waste liquid treatment method and system provided by the embodiments of the present application can significantly reduce the energy consumption during the evaporation and concentration treatment of radioactive waste liquid.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为根据本申请一个实施例的放射性废液处理系统的示意图;Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a radioactive waste liquid treatment system according to an embodiment of the present application;
图2为根据本申请另一个实施例的放射性废液处理系统的示意图;Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a radioactive waste liquid treatment system according to another embodiment of the present application;
图3为根据本申请再一个实施例的放射性废液处理系统的示意图;Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a radioactive waste liquid treatment system according to yet another embodiment of the present application;
图4为根据本申请再一个实施例的放射性废液处理系统的示意图;Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a radioactive waste liquid treatment system according to yet another embodiment of the present application;
图5为根据本申请再一个实施例的放射性废液处理系统的示意图;Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a radioactive waste liquid treatment system according to yet another embodiment of the present application;
图6为根据本申请再一个实施例的放射性废液处理系统的示意图;Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a radioactive waste liquid treatment system according to yet another embodiment of the present application;
图7为根据本申请再一个实施例的放射性废液处理系统的示意图;Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a radioactive waste liquid treatment system according to yet another embodiment of the present application;
图8为根据本申请实施例的缓冲罐的示意图;Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a buffer tank according to an embodiment of the present application;
图9为根据本申请实施例的放射性废液处理系统的布局示意图;Figure 9 is a schematic layout diagram of a radioactive waste liquid treatment system according to an embodiment of the present application;
图10为根据本申请实施例的支撑结构的示意图。Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of a support structure according to an embodiment of the present application.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白,以下结合具体实施例,并参照附图,对本申请作进一步的详细说明。In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more clear, the present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings.
本申请的实施例首先提供一种放射性废液处理系统,参照图1,放射性废液处理系统可以包括加热装置1、分离装置2、循环泵3、蒸汽压缩装置4、和供料装置5。Embodiments of the present application first provide a radioactive waste liquid treatment system. Referring to FIG. 1 , the radioactive waste liquid treatment system may include a heating device 1 , a separation device 2 , a circulation pump 3 , a vapor compression device 4 , and a feeding device 5 .
加热装置1用于对放射性废液进行加热处理,以使其能够达到沸腾的温度。加热装置1可以是换热器,例如,加热装置1可以形成有用于放射性废液流动的液体流道11,以及设置在液体流道11外侧的气体流道12,在实际进行放射性废液处理的过程中,气体流道12中流动的气体可以与液体流道11中流动的放射性废液进行换热,从而对放射性废液进行加热处理。液体流道11和气体流道12的具体设置方式可以参照本领域相关技术中所提供的换热器,在此不再赘述。The heating device 1 is used to heat the radioactive waste liquid so that it can reach a boiling temperature. The heating device 1 may be a heat exchanger. For example, the heating device 1 may be formed with a liquid flow channel 11 for the flow of radioactive waste liquid, and a gas flow channel 12 provided outside the liquid flow channel 11. In actual radioactive waste liquid treatment, the heating device 1 may be a heat exchanger. During the process, the gas flowing in the gas flow channel 12 can exchange heat with the radioactive waste liquid flowing in the liquid flow channel 11, thereby heating the radioactive waste liquid. The specific arrangement of the liquid flow channel 11 and the gas flow channel 12 may refer to heat exchangers provided in the relevant technologies in this field, and will not be described again here.
分离装置2与加热装置1的液体流道11连通,从而,被气体流道12中流动的气体所加热的放射性废液能够在分离装置2中进行沸腾,并且沸腾时所形成的蒸汽被分离装置2所分离,使得放射性废液被浓缩。分离装置2可以形成有一个腔体,腔体顶部可以形成有气体出口,经过加热装置1加热后的放射性废液能够从腔体顶部进入到该腔体中,其沸腾形成的蒸汽将会从腔体顶部的气体出口离开分离装置2,使得放射性废液被浓缩,被浓缩的放射性废液将会沉积在该腔体的底部。The separation device 2 is connected to the liquid flow channel 11 of the heating device 1, so that the radioactive waste liquid heated by the gas flowing in the gas flow channel 12 can boil in the separation device 2, and the steam formed during boiling is separated by the separation device. 2 are separated so that the radioactive waste liquid is concentrated. The separation device 2 can be formed with a cavity, and a gas outlet can be formed at the top of the cavity. The radioactive waste liquid heated by the heating device 1 can enter the cavity from the top of the cavity, and the steam formed by boiling will flow from the cavity. The gas outlet at the top of the body leaves the separation device 2, so that the radioactive waste liquid is concentrated, and the concentrated radioactive waste liquid will be deposited at the bottom of the cavity.
分离装置2还可以借助循环管路31和液体流道11的入口连通,循环泵3可以设置在循环管路31上,进行放射性废液处理时,在循环泵3的驱动下,浓缩后剩余的放射性废液将可以回到加热装置1的液体流道11中,并继续在加热装置1和分离装置2之间循环流动,从而重复上述浓缩的过程。The separation device 2 can also be connected to the inlet of the liquid flow channel 11 through the circulation pipeline 31. The circulation pump 3 can be provided on the circulation pipeline 31. When treating radioactive waste liquid, the remaining radioactive waste liquid after concentration is driven by the circulation pump 3. The radioactive waste liquid will be able to return to the liquid flow channel 11 of the heating device 1 and continue to circulate between the heating device 1 and the separation device 2, thereby repeating the above-mentioned concentration process.
蒸汽压缩装置4设置在分离装置2和气体流道12的入口之间,其能够对分离装置2所分离蒸汽进行压缩升温处理,并将其引入到加热装置1的气体流道中,从而作为加热装置1的一个热源。The vapor compression device 4 is disposed between the separation device 2 and the inlet of the gas flow channel 12. It can perform compression and temperature raising processing on the vapor separated by the separation device 2, and introduce it into the gas flow channel of the heating device 1, thereby serving as a heating device. 1 a heat source.
可以理解地,由分离装置2所分离的蒸汽中仍有大量的残余热能,但是其残余热能又不足以将放射性废液加热到沸腾,而蒸汽压缩装置4能够将分离装置2所分离的蒸汽进行了压缩处理,使其重新具备将放射性废液加热到沸腾的能力,从而,对分离装置2所分离的蒸汽中所残余的热能进行了充分的回收利用,间接地降低了放射性废液处理过程中的能耗。It is understandable that there is still a large amount of residual heat energy in the steam separated by the separation device 2, but the residual heat energy is not enough to heat the radioactive waste liquid to boiling, and the vapor compression device 4 can compress the steam separated by the separation device 2. Through the compression process, it regains the ability to heat the radioactive waste liquid to boiling, thereby fully recycling the residual heat energy in the steam separated by the separation device 2, and indirectly reducing the cost of radioactive waste liquid treatment. of energy consumption.
加热装置1可以配置有多个热源,即,除了蒸气压缩装置4所产生的压缩蒸汽外,其还可以配置有其他的热源,其他的热源可以是由其他装置所产生的热蒸汽,或者,设置在加热装置1中的一些加热部件等,其他的热源可以作为补充和替代来与压缩蒸汽共同提供放射性废液蒸发时所需要的热量,例如,在最初开始进行放射性废液处理时,压缩蒸汽的量较少甚至不存在压缩蒸汽,此时可以采用其他热源来对放射性废液进行加热。The heating device 1 may be configured with multiple heat sources, that is, in addition to the compressed steam generated by the vapor compression device 4, it may also be configured with other heat sources. The other heat sources may be hot steam generated by other devices, or, In some heating components in the heating device 1, other heat sources can be used as a supplement or substitute to provide the heat required for the evaporation of radioactive waste liquid together with the compressed steam. For example, when the radioactive waste liquid treatment is initially started, the compressed steam The amount of compressed steam is small or even non-existent, and other heat sources can be used to heat the radioactive waste liquid.
供料装置5与加热装置1的液体流道11连通,从而向加热装置1中通入放射性废液。在一些实施例中,供料装置5可以与循环管路31连通,即,借助循环管路31来间接地与液体流道11连通。在一些其他的实施例中,供料装置5也可以直接地与液体流道11连通而不借助循环管路31。供料装置5上可以配置有一个供料泵,从而提供放射性废液流动的动力。The feeding device 5 is connected to the liquid flow channel 11 of the heating device 1 so as to introduce radioactive waste liquid into the heating device 1 . In some embodiments, the supply device 5 may be connected to the circulation pipeline 31 , that is, indirectly connected to the liquid flow channel 11 via the circulation pipeline 31 . In some other embodiments, the supply device 5 may also be directly connected to the liquid flow channel 11 without using the circulation pipeline 31 . The feeding device 5 can be equipped with a feeding pump to provide power for the flow of radioactive waste liquid.
在实际进行放射性废液处理的过程中,可以以一定的速率持续不断地将供料装置5中的放射性废液引入到液体流道11中,或者,也可以在引入了一定量的放射性废液后停止,待当前已经引入的放射性废液浓缩完成并引出后再引入下一批次的放射性废液,对此不作限制。可以理解地,在持续进料的实施例中,操作较为简便,但是可能难以较为精准地控制放射性废液被浓缩的倍数。而分批次进料则可以较为精准的控制放射性废液被浓缩的倍数,但是需要操作人员进行频繁的操作。In the actual process of radioactive waste liquid treatment, the radioactive waste liquid in the feeding device 5 can be continuously introduced into the liquid flow channel 11 at a certain rate, or a certain amount of radioactive waste liquid can also be introduced. Then stop, and the next batch of radioactive waste liquid will be introduced after the currently introduced radioactive waste liquid is concentrated and drawn out. There is no restriction on this. It is understandable that in the embodiment of continuous feeding, the operation is simpler, but it may be difficult to control the multiple of the concentration of the radioactive waste liquid more accurately. Feeding in batches can more accurately control the number of times the radioactive waste liquid is concentrated, but it requires frequent operations by the operator.
循环管路31上可以设置有出料口32,当放射性废液已经被浓缩了期望的倍数后,可以借助出料口32将已经完成浓缩的放射性废液引出。The circulation pipeline 31 can be provided with a discharge port 32. When the radioactive waste liquid has been concentrated by a desired multiple, the concentrated radioactive waste liquid can be led out through the discharge port 32.
在实际进行放射性废液处理的过程中,可以在出料口32处进行取样以确定放射性废液是否已经被浓缩到了期望的倍数,和/或,可以根据放射性废液处理系统实际的处理效率来计算浓缩到期望的倍数所需要的时间,根据该时间来确定放射性废液是否已经被浓缩到了期望的倍数。当供料装置5持续地引入放射性废液时,可以在放射性废液已经被浓缩了期望的倍数后开启出料口32并以一定的速率持续地将放射性废液引出。当供料装置5仅引入了一定量的放射性废液时,可以在放射性废液已经被浓缩了期望的倍数后开启出料口32将放射性废液全部引出。本领域技术人员可以根据实际情况进行设置,在此不再赘述。During the actual treatment of radioactive waste liquid, sampling can be performed at the outlet 32 to determine whether the radioactive waste liquid has been concentrated to a desired multiple, and/or it can be determined based on the actual processing efficiency of the radioactive waste liquid treatment system. Calculate the time required to concentrate to the desired multiple, and use this time to determine whether the radioactive waste liquid has been concentrated to the desired multiple. When the feeding device 5 continuously introduces the radioactive waste liquid, the outlet 32 can be opened after the radioactive waste liquid has been concentrated by a desired multiple and the radioactive waste liquid can be continuously led out at a certain rate. When the feeding device 5 only introduces a certain amount of radioactive waste liquid, the outlet 32 can be opened to lead out all the radioactive waste liquid after the radioactive waste liquid has been concentrated by a desired multiple. Those skilled in the art can set it according to the actual situation, which will not be described again here.
在一些实施例中,参照图1,在加热装置1的液体流道11的出口和分离装置2的入口之间可以设置有减压阀21,该减压阀21可以使得加热装置1中的放射性废液进入到分离装置2后压力降低。In some embodiments, referring to FIG. 1 , a pressure reducing valve 21 can be provided between the outlet of the liquid flow channel 11 of the heating device 1 and the inlet of the separation device 2 . The pressure reducing valve 21 can reduce the radioactivity in the heating device 1 . After the waste liquid enters the separation device 2, the pressure decreases.
减压阀21可以是相关技术中所提供的任何合适的减压阀,对此不作限制。减压阀21能够在液体流道11和分离装置2之间制造压力差,从而,使得液体流道11中的放射性废液进入到分离装置2后压力降低。The pressure reducing valve 21 may be any suitable pressure reducing valve provided in the related art, and is not limited thereto. The pressure reducing valve 21 can create a pressure difference between the liquid flow channel 11 and the separation device 2 , thereby reducing the pressure of the radioactive waste liquid in the liquid flow channel 11 after entering the separation device 2 .
可以理解地,液体的沸点与压力相关,当压力下降时,沸点也将会下降,从而,借助减压阀21能够确保进入到分离装置2中的放射性废液发生沸腾,并进一步的提高加热装置1的热源的利用率,从而间接地降低放射性废液处理系统的能耗。It can be understood that the boiling point of the liquid is related to the pressure. When the pressure drops, the boiling point will also drop. Therefore, the pressure reducing valve 21 can ensure that the radioactive waste liquid entering the separation device 2 boils, and further improves the heating device. 1 of the heat source utilization, thereby indirectly reducing the energy consumption of the radioactive waste treatment system.
在一些实施例中,在实际进行放射性废液处理的过程中,可以通过调节减压阀21的开度,来使得液体流道11中的放射性废液不会发生沸腾,而在进入到分离装置2后才发生沸腾。可以理解地,如果液体流道11中的放射性废液发生了沸腾,则此时沸腾产生的蒸汽将会有一部分残留在液体流道11中,而气-气换热相对于气-液换热的效率较低,因此使得液体流道11中的放射性废液与气体流道12中的气体换热的效率降低,而本实施例中通过调节减压阀21的开度可以确保液体流道11中的放射性废液不会发生沸腾,进而提高了热源的利用率,降低了能耗。In some embodiments, during the actual treatment of radioactive waste liquid, the opening of the pressure reducing valve 21 can be adjusted so that the radioactive waste liquid in the liquid flow channel 11 does not boil before entering the separation device. Boiling occurs after 2 seconds. It can be understood that if the radioactive waste liquid in the liquid flow channel 11 boils, part of the steam generated by the boiling will remain in the liquid flow channel 11, and gas-gas heat exchange is compared to gas-liquid heat exchange. The efficiency is low, so the heat exchange efficiency between the radioactive waste liquid in the liquid channel 11 and the gas in the gas channel 12 is reduced. In this embodiment, by adjusting the opening of the pressure reducing valve 21, the liquid channel 11 can be ensured. The radioactive waste liquid in the system will not boil, thereby improving the utilization of heat sources and reducing energy consumption.
在一些实施例中,参照图2,放射性废液处理系统还可以包括蒸汽发生装置6,蒸汽发生装置6与气体流道12的入口连通,使蒸汽发生装置6生成的蒸汽能够进入气体流道12,以作为加热装置1的第二热源。蒸汽发生装置6可以是任何合适的能够将水加热气化而生成蒸汽的装置,对此不作限制。In some embodiments, referring to FIG. 2 , the radioactive waste liquid treatment system may further include a steam generating device 6 , which is connected to the inlet of the gas flow channel 12 so that the steam generated by the steam generating device 6 can enter the gas flow channel 12 , as the second heat source of the heating device 1. The steam generating device 6 may be any suitable device capable of heating and vaporizing water to generate steam, and is not limited thereto.
本实施例中,蒸汽发生装置6可以作为加热装置1的第二个热源,来作为压缩蒸汽的补充,从而,如上文中所描述的,能够压缩蒸汽还没产生时来作为加热装置1的热源,或者在处理过程中与压缩蒸汽共同作为加热装置1的热源。In this embodiment, the steam generating device 6 can be used as the second heat source of the heating device 1 to supplement the compressed steam. Therefore, as described above, it can be used as the heat source of the heating device 1 before the compressed steam is generated. Or it can be used together with compressed steam as the heat source of the heating device 1 during the treatment process.
在一些实施例中,除了蒸汽发生装置6以外,加热装置1还可以配置有其他的热源,在此不再赘述。In some embodiments, in addition to the steam generating device 6 , the heating device 1 may also be configured with other heat sources, which will not be described again here.
可以理解地,上述实施例中,加热装置1的加热效率实际上是由蒸汽压缩装置4以及蒸汽发生装置6的工作参数来共同控制的,在实际进行放射性废液处理的过程中,可以通过调节二者中的任意一个来调节加热装置1的加热效率。It can be understood that in the above embodiment, the heating efficiency of the heating device 1 is actually jointly controlled by the working parameters of the vapor compression device 4 and the steam generating device 6. In the actual process of radioactive waste liquid treatment, it can be adjusted by Either one of the two is used to adjust the heating efficiency of the heating device 1.
在一些实施例中,可以理解地,气体流道12中的蒸汽在与放射性废液发生换热后将会冷凝形成液体,而气体流道12可以与蒸汽发生装置6的入口连通,从而,气体流道12中的冷凝液可以进入到蒸汽发生装置6中而作为蒸汽发生装置6的一个水源。除了冷凝液外,蒸汽发生装置6还可以具有其他的水源,以保证蒸汽发生装置6能够持续产生足量的蒸汽。In some embodiments, it can be understood that the steam in the gas flow channel 12 will condense to form a liquid after exchanging heat with the radioactive waste liquid, and the gas flow channel 12 can be connected with the inlet of the steam generating device 6, so that the gas The condensate in the flow channel 12 can enter the steam generating device 6 and serve as a water source for the steam generating device 6 . In addition to condensate, the steam generating device 6 may also have other water sources to ensure that the steam generating device 6 can continue to generate a sufficient amount of steam.
可以理解地,冷凝液中仍然存在大量残留的热量,而本实施例中将冷凝液引入到蒸汽发生装置6中作为水源,使得冷凝液中残留到热量能够被充分的利用,从而减低了蒸汽发生装置6生成蒸汽时所需要的能量,进而降低了放射性废液处理系统的能耗。It is understandable that there is still a large amount of residual heat in the condensate. In this embodiment, the condensate is introduced into the steam generating device 6 as a water source, so that the heat remaining in the condensate can be fully utilized, thereby reducing the generation of steam. The energy required by the device 6 to generate steam thereby reduces the energy consumption of the radioactive waste liquid treatment system.
在一些实施例中,蒸汽发生装置6可以设置在加热装置1的下方,从而,加热装置1中的冷凝液可以借助重力流入到蒸汽发生装置6中。In some embodiments, the steam generating device 6 can be disposed below the heating device 1 , so that the condensate in the heating device 1 can flow into the steam generating device 6 by gravity.
在一些其他的实施例中,可能需要将蒸汽发生装置6与加热装置1设置在同一个水平面上,以减小整个放射性废液处理系统的高度,此时,可能需要借助冷凝液泵61来将加热装置1中的冷凝液泵送到蒸汽发生装置6中。In some other embodiments, the steam generating device 6 and the heating device 1 may need to be arranged on the same level to reduce the height of the entire radioactive waste liquid treatment system. In this case, the condensate pump 61 may be used to The condensate in the heating device 1 is pumped to the steam generating device 6 .
具体地,冷凝液泵61可以连接在加热装置1的气体流道12的底部,从而,沉积在气体流道12底部的冷凝液将会被泵送到蒸汽发生装置6中。Specifically, the condensate pump 61 can be connected to the bottom of the gas flow channel 12 of the heating device 1 , so that the condensate deposited at the bottom of the gas flow channel 12 will be pumped to the steam generating device 6 .
在一些实施例中,可以理解地,冷凝液的形成需要一定的换热时间,如果始终开启冷凝液泵61进行泵送,则冷凝液泵61可能在大部分时间都处于空转状态,为此,可以在冷凝液泵61处设置一个液位开关,该液位开关能够在感测到气体流道12中的冷凝液的液位到达一定的高度时自动地开启冷凝液泵61,而在其他情况下关闭冷凝液泵61,从而避免冷凝液泵61的空转。In some embodiments, it can be understood that the formation of condensate requires a certain heat exchange time. If the condensate pump 61 is always turned on for pumping, the condensate pump 61 may be in an idling state most of the time. For this reason, A liquid level switch can be provided at the condensate pump 61. The liquid level switch can automatically open the condensate pump 61 when it senses that the liquid level of the condensate in the gas flow channel 12 reaches a certain height. In other cases, the condensate pump 61 can be turned on. The condensate pump 61 is turned off to avoid idling of the condensate pump 61.
在一些实施例中,放射性废液处理系统还可以包括预热装置7,预热装置7可以设置在供料装置5和加热装置1之间,其能够对从供料装置5进入到液体流道11中的放射性废液进行预热。可以理解地,放射性废液在一次循环过程中在液体流道11中停留的时间有限,可能并不足以使其温度提升到沸腾所需温度,为此,本实施例中对放射性废液进行了预热,从而提高进行放射性废液的效率。预热装置7可以是换热器,或者是其他具备换热或者加热功能的装置,对此不作限制。In some embodiments, the radioactive waste liquid treatment system may also include a preheating device 7. The preheating device 7 may be disposed between the feeding device 5 and the heating device 1, which can control the liquid flow channel entering from the feeding device 5. The radioactive waste liquid in 11 is preheated. It can be understood that the time that the radioactive waste liquid stays in the liquid flow channel 11 during a cycle is limited, which may not be enough to raise its temperature to the temperature required for boiling. For this reason, in this embodiment, the radioactive waste liquid is subjected to Preheating, thereby improving the efficiency of handling radioactive waste liquid. The preheating device 7 may be a heat exchanger or other device with heat exchange or heating functions, and is not limited thereto.
在一些实施例中,蒸汽发生装置6可以与预热装置7连通,使蒸汽发生装置6中的冷凝液能够进入预热装置7中,以作为预热装置7的热源。具体地,预热装置7中可以形成有两个液体流道,冷凝液和放射性废液可以分别在两个液体流道中进行流动,使得冷凝液与放射性废液进行换热。In some embodiments, the steam generating device 6 can be connected to the preheating device 7 so that the condensate in the steam generating device 6 can enter the preheating device 7 to serve as a heat source for the preheating device 7 . Specifically, two liquid flow channels may be formed in the preheating device 7, and the condensate liquid and the radioactive waste liquid may flow in the two liquid flow channels respectively, so that the condensate liquid and the radioactive waste liquid can exchange heat.
如上文中所描述地,冷凝液中也存在残留的热能,而本实施例中将冷凝液作为预热时所使用的热源,从而更加充分地利用了其中所残留的热能,从而降低了放射性废液处理系统的能耗。As described above, there is also residual heat energy in the condensate. In this embodiment, the condensate is used as a heat source for preheating, thereby making full use of the residual heat energy and reducing the amount of radioactive waste. Processing system energy consumption.
在一些实施例中,在实际进行放射性废液处理的过程中,可以通过监测预热装置7的出口处的放射性废液温度来确定向其中引入冷凝液的流量,例如,若放射性废液的温度小于期望预热温度,则可以增加向预热装置7中引入所述冷凝液的流量。In some embodiments, during the actual process of radioactive waste liquid treatment, the flow rate of the condensate introduced therein can be determined by monitoring the temperature of the radioactive waste liquid at the outlet of the preheating device 7 , for example, if the temperature of the radioactive waste liquid If the temperature is lower than the desired preheating temperature, the flow rate of the condensate introduced into the preheating device 7 can be increased.
可以理解地,如果向预热装置7中引入冷凝液的流量过大,则可能导致蒸汽发生装置6中的水位过低,进而导致蒸汽发生装置6中可能无法产生足量的蒸汽。为此,在一些实施例中,还可以进一步的监测蒸汽发生装置6中的水位,若放射性废液的温度小于所述期望预热温度,且蒸汽发生装置6中的水位小于预设水位,则可以通过减小从供料装置5向所述预热装置7引入放射性废液的速率来提高预热后的温度。It can be understood that if the flow rate of condensate introduced into the preheating device 7 is too large, the water level in the steam generating device 6 may be too low, and thus the steam generating device 6 may not be able to generate sufficient steam. To this end, in some embodiments, the water level in the steam generating device 6 can be further monitored. If the temperature of the radioactive waste liquid is lower than the desired preheating temperature, and the water level in the steam generating device 6 is lower than the preset water level, then The temperature after preheating can be increased by reducing the rate at which radioactive waste liquid is introduced from the feeding device 5 to the preheating device 7 .
在一些实施例中,放射性废液处理系统还包括冷凝液回收装置62,冷凝液回收装置62可以与预热装置7连通,从而回收预热装置7中的冷凝液。In some embodiments, the radioactive liquid waste treatment system also includes a condensate recovery device 62 , which can be connected to the preheating device 7 to recover the condensate in the preheating device 7 .
在一些实施例中,参照图3,由蒸汽发生装置6产生的蒸汽还可以被引入到蒸汽压缩装置4的入口处。可以理解地,蒸汽压缩装置4中配置有压缩机,而压缩机的流量减少时,或者进口处和出口处的压力差距较大时,可能会发生喘振,这将会使得蒸汽压缩装置4的性能或者使用寿命受到严重的影响。而本实施例中,将蒸汽发生装置6产生的蒸汽也引入到蒸汽压缩装置4的入口处,从而,能够在分离装置2所分离的蒸汽流量较小时对蒸汽进行补充,保证了蒸气压缩装置4入口处的蒸汽流量,避免了喘振情况的产生。In some embodiments, referring to FIG. 3 , the steam generated by the steam generating device 6 may also be introduced into the inlet of the vapor compression device 4 . It can be understood that the vapor compression device 4 is equipped with a compressor, and when the flow rate of the compressor decreases, or when the pressure difference between the inlet and the outlet is large, surge may occur, which will cause the vapor compression device 4 to Performance or service life is seriously affected. In this embodiment, the steam generated by the steam generating device 6 is also introduced into the inlet of the vapor compression device 4, so that the steam can be supplemented when the flow rate of the steam separated by the separation device 2 is small, ensuring that the vapor compression device 4 Steam flow at the inlet avoids surge conditions.
在一些实施例中,蒸汽压缩装置4和蒸汽发生装置6之间的通路上可以设置有补气阀,在实际进行放射性废液处理的过程中,可以监测蒸汽压缩装置4的工作电流,当蒸汽压缩装置4的工作电流的变化量大于预设阈值时,即,产生不正常的波动时,则开启补气阀来将蒸汽发生装置6的蒸汽引入到蒸汽压缩装置4的入口处,以避免喘振的发生。在一些其他的实施例中,还可以通过监测蒸汽压缩装置4进口处的压力、气体流量等来确定是否需要开启补气阀进行补气。In some embodiments, a gas supply valve can be provided on the passage between the vapor compression device 4 and the steam generation device 6. During the actual process of radioactive waste liquid treatment, the operating current of the vapor compression device 4 can be monitored. When the steam When the change in the operating current of the compression device 4 is greater than the preset threshold, that is, when abnormal fluctuations occur, the air supply valve is opened to introduce the steam from the steam generating device 6 to the inlet of the steam compression device 4 to avoid gasping. vibration occurs. In some other embodiments, it can also be determined whether the air supply valve needs to be opened for air supply by monitoring the pressure, gas flow rate, etc. at the inlet of the vapor compression device 4 .
进一步地,当蒸汽压缩装置4入口处的蒸汽流量降低时,意味着加热装置1的工作效率较低,导致分离装置2所分离的蒸汽流量较低。此时,如上文中所描述地,可以通过调节蒸汽压缩装置4和/或蒸汽发生装置6的运行参数,来控制放射性废液被浓缩的效率,进而调整蒸汽流量。Furthermore, when the steam flow rate at the inlet of the vapor compression device 4 decreases, it means that the working efficiency of the heating device 1 is lower, resulting in a lower steam flow rate separated by the separation device 2 . At this time, as described above, the efficiency of concentrating the radioactive waste liquid can be controlled by adjusting the operating parameters of the vapor compression device 4 and/or the steam generating device 6, thereby adjusting the steam flow rate.
例如,当蒸汽压缩装置4入口处的蒸汽流量降低时,可以增加蒸汽压缩装置4的转速。或者,当蒸汽压缩装置4入口处的蒸汽流量降低时,可以增加蒸汽发生装置6的功率。当蒸汽压缩装置4入口处的蒸汽流量增加时,可以降低蒸汽压缩装置4的转速。或者,当蒸汽压缩装置4入口处的蒸汽流量增加时,可以降低蒸汽发生装置6的功率。For example, when the steam flow rate at the inlet of the vapor compression device 4 decreases, the rotation speed of the vapor compression device 4 can be increased. Alternatively, when the steam flow rate at the inlet of the vapor compression device 4 decreases, the power of the steam generating device 6 can be increased. When the steam flow rate at the inlet of the vapor compression device 4 increases, the rotation speed of the vapor compression device 4 can be reduced. Alternatively, when the steam flow at the inlet of the vapor compression device 4 increases, the power of the steam generating device 6 can be reduced.
在一些实施例中,当蒸汽压缩装置4入口处的蒸汽流量降低时,可以检测分离装置2中的气体压力,若分离装置2中的气体压力高于预设压力,则可以增加蒸汽压缩装置4的转速,若分离装置2中的气体压力低于预设压力,则可以增加蒸汽发生装置6的功率。本实施例中,借助分离装置2中的气体压力来选择具体通过调整哪一个装置的参数,从而,提高了控制的有效性。In some embodiments, when the steam flow at the inlet of the steam compression device 4 decreases, the gas pressure in the separation device 2 can be detected. If the gas pressure in the separation device 2 is higher than the preset pressure, the speed of the steam compression device 4 can be increased. If the gas pressure in the separation device 2 is lower than the preset pressure, the power of the steam generating device 6 can be increased. In this embodiment, the gas pressure in the separation device 2 is used to select which device to adjust the parameters, thereby improving the effectiveness of the control.
在一些实施例中,可以进一步地将蒸汽发生装置6中的冷凝液引入到蒸汽压缩装置4的出口处对压缩蒸汽进行一定的喷淋降温处理。可以理解地,压缩蒸汽可能被压缩成过热蒸汽,相较于饱和蒸汽而言,过热蒸汽的压力更低,但是过热蒸汽并不会显著的提高加热装置1的工作效率,为此,本实施例中,对压缩蒸汽其进行一定的喷淋处理使其不会形成过热蒸汽,从而在不影响加热装置1的加热效率的情况下避免蒸汽压缩装置4出口处的压力过低而导致喘振的发生。In some embodiments, the condensate in the steam generating device 6 can be further introduced to the outlet of the vapor compression device 4 to perform a certain spray cooling process on the compressed steam. It is understandable that compressed steam may be compressed into superheated steam. Compared with saturated steam, the pressure of superheated steam is lower, but superheated steam will not significantly improve the working efficiency of the heating device 1. For this reason, this embodiment , the compressed steam is subjected to a certain spray treatment so that it does not form superheated steam, thereby avoiding the occurrence of surge caused by excessively low pressure at the outlet of the steam compression device 4 without affecting the heating efficiency of the heating device 1 .
在一些实施例中,监测蒸汽压缩装置出口处的压力,和喷淋后的压缩蒸汽的蒸汽温度,若蒸汽温度大于蒸汽压缩装置出口处的当前压力下的饱和蒸汽温度,则增加对压缩蒸汽进行喷淋的冷凝液的量。若蒸汽温度小于当前压力下的饱和蒸汽温度,则降低进行喷淋的冷凝液的量,或者不进行喷淋,从而避免过多的喷淋处理影响到加热装置1的工作效率。In some embodiments, the pressure at the outlet of the vapor compression device and the steam temperature of the compressed steam after spraying are monitored. If the steam temperature is greater than the saturated steam temperature at the current pressure at the outlet of the vapor compression device, the compressed steam is added. The amount of condensate sprayed. If the steam temperature is lower than the saturated steam temperature under the current pressure, the amount of condensate to be sprayed is reduced, or no spraying is performed, so as to avoid excessive spraying from affecting the working efficiency of the heating device 1 .
在一些实施例中,可能需要控制分离装置2中的液位高度,以使得放射性废液在合适的液面高度上发生沸腾而获得更好的分离效果。例如,可以通过调整循环泵3的功率来调整分离装置2中的液位高度,或者,也可以通过调整供料装置5的进料效率来调整分离装置2中的液位高度。In some embodiments, it may be necessary to control the liquid level in the separation device 2 so that the radioactive waste liquid boils at a suitable liquid level to obtain a better separation effect. For example, the liquid level in the separation device 2 can be adjusted by adjusting the power of the circulation pump 3 , or the liquid level in the separation device 2 can be adjusted by adjusting the feeding efficiency of the feeding device 5 .
在一些实施例中,当分离装置2中的液位升高时,可以减小从供料装置5向加热装置1中引入放热性废液的速率。当分离装置2中的液位降低时,可以增加从供料装置5向所述加热装置1中引入放射性废液的速率。In some embodiments, when the liquid level in the separation device 2 rises, the rate at which the exothermic waste liquid is introduced from the supply device 5 into the heating device 1 can be reduced. When the liquid level in the separation device 2 decreases, the rate of introducing radioactive waste liquid from the feed device 5 into the heating device 1 can be increased.
在一些实施例中,参照图4,供料装置5可以设置有与加热装置1连通的第一管路51,该第一管路51用于向加热装置1中引入放射性废液,第一管路51上设置与供料装置5连通的第二管路52,第二管路52用于使第一管路51中的部分放射性废液回流到供料装置5中,本实施例中,可以通过调节第一管路51中的放射性废液回流到供料装置5的速率,来调节向加热装置1中引入放射性废液的速率。作为示例地,在第二管路52上可以设置有一个阀门,可以通过调节该阀门的开度来调节放射性废液回流到供料装置5的速率。In some embodiments, referring to FIG. 4 , the feeding device 5 may be provided with a first pipeline 51 connected to the heating device 1 . The first pipeline 51 is used to introduce radioactive waste liquid into the heating device 1 . The first pipe A second pipeline 52 connected to the feeding device 5 is provided on the road 51. The second pipeline 52 is used to return part of the radioactive waste liquid in the first pipeline 51 to the feeding device 5. In this embodiment, it can By adjusting the rate at which the radioactive waste liquid in the first pipeline 51 returns to the supply device 5 , the rate at which the radioactive waste liquid is introduced into the heating device 1 is adjusted. As an example, a valve may be provided on the second pipeline 52, and the rate at which the radioactive waste liquid returns to the supply device 5 can be adjusted by adjusting the opening of the valve.
相较于直接调整第一管路51中的流量而言,本实施例提供的调节方式能够避免进入到放射性废液处理系统中的放射性废液的流量、压强、温度等发生突变。Compared with directly adjusting the flow rate in the first pipeline 51 , the adjustment method provided by this embodiment can avoid sudden changes in the flow rate, pressure, temperature, etc. of the radioactive waste liquid entering the radioactive waste liquid treatment system.
在一些实施例中,参照图5,放射性废液处理系统还可以包括净化装置8,其设置在分离装置2和蒸汽压缩装置4之间,净化装置8用于在分离装置2分离的蒸汽进入蒸汽压缩装置4之前对其进行净化处理。如上文中所描述地,由分离装置2所分离的蒸汽主要的成分为水,这些蒸汽在后续将会变成冷凝液并被回收,而这些蒸汽中可能夹带有一些放射性物质,因此,本实施例中设置了净化装置8来对这些蒸汽进行净化处理,以去除蒸汽中所夹带的放射性物质,避免冷凝液的放射性含量超标。In some embodiments, referring to FIG. 5 , the radioactive waste liquid treatment system may also include a purification device 8 , which is disposed between the separation device 2 and the vapor compression device 4 . The purification device 8 is used for the steam separated in the separation device 2 to enter the steam. It is purified before the compression device 4. As described above, the main component of the steam separated by the separation device 2 is water. These steams will later become condensate and be recycled, and these steams may contain some radioactive substances. Therefore, this embodiment A purification device 8 is provided to purify these steams to remove radioactive substances entrained in the steam and avoid excessive radioactive content in the condensate.
本领域技术人员可以根据实际需求来具体地设置净化装置8的净化方式,例如,净化装置8中可以设置有喷头,其可以对进入到净化装置8中的蒸汽进行喷淋处理,以去除其中所夹带的放射性物质。或者,净化装置8中可以设置有丝网、填料等具有过滤功能的结构,这些结构能够过滤并吸附蒸汽中所夹带的放射性物质。Those skilled in the art can specifically set the purification method of the purification device 8 according to actual needs. For example, the purification device 8 can be provided with a sprinkler head, which can spray the steam entering the purification device 8 to remove all the vapor contained therein. Entrained radioactive material. Alternatively, the purification device 8 may be provided with structures with filtering functions such as wire mesh and packing. These structures can filter and adsorb radioactive substances entrained in the steam.
在一些实施例中,在分离装置2的顶部也可以设置有丝网、填料等具有过滤功能的结构,其能够在蒸汽进入到净化装置8之前对其进行一定的预净化,进一步的提高净化效果。In some embodiments, structures with filtering functions such as wire mesh and packing can also be provided on the top of the separation device 2, which can pre-purify the steam before it enters the purification device 8, further improving the purification effect. .
在一些实施例中,如上文中所描述地,净化装置8中可以设置有喷头81,喷头81可以对进入到净化装置8中的蒸汽进行喷淋处理。可以理解地,进行喷淋处理时所使用的液体温度不能过低,以避免使大量的蒸汽凝结而导致热量的浪费。为此,在一些实施例中,可以将蒸汽发生装置6中的冷凝水引入到净化装置8中作为喷淋水,如上文中所描述的,该冷凝水具有热量残留,其能够在喷淋处理的同时避免使大量蒸汽发生凝结。In some embodiments, as described above, the purification device 8 may be provided with a spray head 81 , and the spray head 81 may spray the steam entering the purification device 8 . It is understandable that the temperature of the liquid used in the spray treatment cannot be too low to avoid condensing a large amount of steam and resulting in a waste of heat. To this end, in some embodiments, the condensed water in the steam generating device 6 can be introduced into the purification device 8 as spray water. As described above, the condensed water has heat residual, which can be used in the spray treatment. Also avoid condensation of large amounts of steam.
喷淋处理后残留的喷淋水可能夹带有较多的放射性物质,为此,在一些实施例中,喷淋处理后的喷淋水可以被引入到供料装置5中,以避免发生放射性泄露。The residual spray water after the spray treatment may contain more radioactive substances. For this reason, in some embodiments, the spray water after the spray treatment can be introduced into the feeding device 5 to avoid radioactive leakage. .
在一些实施例中,参照图6,喷淋处理后滴落在净化装置8底部喷淋水可以被重新引入到喷头81中进行喷淋,从而,避免将过多的冷凝水引入到喷头81进行喷淋处理,进而减少了热量的浪费。In some embodiments, referring to FIG. 6 , the spray water dripping at the bottom of the purification device 8 after the spray treatment can be reintroduced into the sprinkler head 81 for spraying, thereby avoiding introducing too much condensed water into the sprinkler head 81 for spraying. Spray treatment, thereby reducing heat waste.
本实施例中,可以每间隔预定时间将净化装置8底部的喷淋水引入到供料装置5中。进一步的,在将净化装置8底部的液体引入到供料装置后,可以将蒸汽发生装置6中的所述冷凝液引入喷头81,来补充用于所述喷淋处理的液体。In this embodiment, the spray water at the bottom of the purification device 8 can be introduced into the feeding device 5 at predetermined intervals. Further, after the liquid at the bottom of the purification device 8 is introduced into the feeding device, the condensate in the steam generating device 6 can be introduced into the spray head 81 to replenish the liquid used for the spray treatment.
可以理解地,在喷淋液循环的过程中,可能有部分蒸汽凝结导致喷淋液的高度上升,进而影响净化效率,为此,在一些实施例中,还可以监测净化装置8的入口和出口之间的压力差,在该压力差大于预设压力差时,可以将净化装置8底部的部分所述冷凝液引入到供料装置5中,从而保证净化装置8始终具有较高的净化效率。It is understandable that during the circulation of the spray liquid, some steam may condense, causing the height of the spray liquid to rise, thereby affecting the purification efficiency. For this reason, in some embodiments, the inlet and outlet of the purification device 8 can also be monitored. When the pressure difference is greater than the preset pressure difference, the condensate at the bottom of the purification device 8 can be introduced into the feeding device 5 to ensure that the purification device 8 always has a high purification efficiency.
在一些实施例中,参照图7,放射性废液处理系统还可以包括真空泵9,真空泵9与分离装置2连通,其用于抽取分离装置2中的气体,以在分离装置2中构建负压环境。可以理解地,在分离装置2中构建负压环境有助于进一步的提高分离装置2中的放射性废液沸腾的效率。In some embodiments, referring to FIG. 7 , the radioactive waste treatment system may also include a vacuum pump 9 , which is connected to the separation device 2 and is used to extract the gas in the separation device 2 to build a negative pressure environment in the separation device 2 . It can be understood that constructing a negative pressure environment in the separation device 2 will help further improve the efficiency of boiling the radioactive waste liquid in the separation device 2 .
在一些实施例中,分离装置2的出口处可以设置有第一抽气口91,加热装置1的气体流道12上可以设置有第二抽气口92,真空泵9可以从第一抽气口91和/或第二抽气口92进行气体的抽取,以构建负压环境。本实施例中所设置的第一抽气口91和第二抽气口92有助于提高构建负压环境时的效率。In some embodiments, a first air extraction port 91 may be provided at the outlet of the separation device 2 , a second air extraction port 92 may be provided on the gas flow channel 12 of the heating device 1 , and the vacuum pump 9 may operate from the first air extraction port 91 and/or Or use the second air extraction port 92 to extract gas to create a negative pressure environment. The first air extraction port 91 and the second air extraction port 92 provided in this embodiment help to improve the efficiency when building a negative pressure environment.
在一些实施例中,构建负压环境可以是在引入放射性废液之前进行的。在一些实施例中,也可以在放射性废液处理的过程中监测分离装置2中的气体压力,如果该气体压力高于期望的负压,则可以从上述抽气口中抽取一定的气体,来维持负压环境。In some embodiments, establishing a negative pressure environment may be performed before introducing radioactive waste liquid. In some embodiments, the gas pressure in the separation device 2 can also be monitored during the treatment of radioactive waste liquid. If the gas pressure is higher than the desired negative pressure, a certain amount of gas can be extracted from the above-mentioned air extraction port to maintain Negative pressure environment.
在一些实施例中,真空泵9还可以用于抽取加热装置1中的不凝气。如上文中所描述地,进入到加热装置1中的气体在换热后会凝结成冷凝水,然而,加热装置1中可能会混入一些无法凝结的气体,即,不凝气,当加热装置1中积存了较多的不凝气时,将会降低加热装置1中气体的整体温度,从而,影响加热装置1的加热效率,为此,可以借助真空泵9来抽取加热装置1中的不凝气,从而避免不凝气的积存。具体地,可以从上述第二抽气口92处抽取不凝气。In some embodiments, the vacuum pump 9 can also be used to extract non-condensable gas in the heating device 1 . As described above, the gas entering the heating device 1 will condense into condensed water after heat exchange. However, some non-condensable gas may be mixed into the heating device 1, that is, non-condensable gas. When the heating device 1 When a large amount of non-condensable gas accumulates, the overall temperature of the gas in the heating device 1 will be reduced, thereby affecting the heating efficiency of the heating device 1. To this end, the non-condensable gas in the heating device 1 can be extracted with the help of a vacuum pump 9. This avoids the accumulation of non-condensable gas. Specifically, the non-condensable gas can be extracted from the second air extraction port 92 .
在一些实施例中,可以每间隔预定时间抽取一次不凝气,或者,可以监测分离装置2内的料液温度,若分离装置2内的料液温度低于蒸发温度,则意味着加热效率降低,此时可以开启真空泵9抽取加热装置1中的不凝气。In some embodiments, the non-condensable gas can be extracted at predetermined intervals, or the temperature of the material liquid in the separation device 2 can be monitored. If the temperature of the material liquid in the separation device 2 is lower than the evaporation temperature, it means that the heating efficiency is reduced. , at this time, the vacuum pump 9 can be turned on to extract the non-condensable gas in the heating device 1.
可以理解地,无论是在构建负压环境时,还是在抽取不凝气时,所抽取的气体都含有大量的蒸汽,而抽取这些蒸汽将可能在真空泵9中凝结,从而影响真空泵9的工作效率和寿命,为此,在一些实施例中,放射性废液处理系统还可以包括冷却装置93,其设置在真空泵9与分离装置2之间的通路上,冷却装置93用于对真空泵9抽取的气体进行冷却处理,以将真空泵9抽取的气体中的蒸汽回收为冷凝液。It is understandable that whether when building a negative pressure environment or when extracting non-condensable gas, the extracted gas contains a large amount of steam, and the extracted steam may condense in the vacuum pump 9 , thus affecting the working efficiency of the vacuum pump 9 and service life. To this end, in some embodiments, the radioactive waste liquid treatment system may also include a cooling device 93, which is disposed on the passage between the vacuum pump 9 and the separation device 2. The cooling device 93 is used to cool the gas extracted by the vacuum pump 9 A cooling process is performed to recover the vapor in the gas extracted by the vacuum pump 9 as a condensate.
在一些实施例中,可以理解地,在真空泵9的功率较大时,可能将冷却装置93中部分冷凝液也抽走,为此,参照图8,在真空泵9和冷却装置93之间可以设置有缓冲罐94,该缓冲罐94用于存储冷凝液,避免冷凝液被抽取到真空泵9中。In some embodiments, it can be understood that when the power of the vacuum pump 9 is large, part of the condensate in the cooling device 93 may also be pumped away. To this end, referring to FIG. 8 , a device may be provided between the vacuum pump 9 and the cooling device 93 There is a buffer tank 94 for storing condensate to prevent the condensate from being pumped into the vacuum pump 9 .
具体地,缓冲罐94可以包括第一缓冲罐941、第二缓冲罐942、第一阀门943、第二阀门944,第一缓冲罐941与真空泵9和冷却装置93连通,第二缓冲罐942设置在第一缓冲罐941的下方,第一阀门943设置在第一缓冲罐941和第二缓冲罐942的连接处,第二阀门944设置成将第二缓冲罐942与大气连通。Specifically, the buffer tank 94 may include a first buffer tank 941, a second buffer tank 942, a first valve 943, and a second valve 944. The first buffer tank 941 is connected to the vacuum pump 9 and the cooling device 93, and the second buffer tank 942 is provided. Below the first buffer tank 941, a first valve 943 is provided at the connection between the first buffer tank 941 and the second buffer tank 942, and a second valve 944 is provided to connect the second buffer tank 942 to the atmosphere.
可以理解地,在进行抽气的过程中,如果缓冲罐是完全密封的,则可能会由于气压问题导致真空泵9无法持续抽取气体,而如果缓冲罐与大气连通,则可能会使得分离装置2、加热装置1的气体流道12等直接与大气连通,这可能存在放射性泄露的风险,为此,本实施例中设置了两个缓存罐结构。It is understandable that during the process of pumping, if the buffer tank is completely sealed, the vacuum pump 9 may not be able to continuously extract gas due to air pressure problems, and if the buffer tank is connected to the atmosphere, the separation device 2, The gas flow channel 12 of the heating device 1 is directly connected to the atmosphere, which may cause the risk of radioactive leakage. For this reason, two buffer tank structures are provided in this embodiment.
具体地,在真空泵9开启,且第一缓冲罐941中的冷凝液高度低于预设值时,可以关闭第一阀门943。而当第一缓冲罐941中的冷凝液高度高于预设值时,意味着此时第一缓冲罐941中的压力已经较高,此时,可以关闭第二阀门944并开启第一阀门943,使第一缓冲罐941中的冷凝液进入第二缓冲罐942中,从而,释放第一缓冲罐941中的压力。Specifically, when the vacuum pump 9 is turned on and the height of the condensate in the first buffer tank 941 is lower than the preset value, the first valve 943 can be closed. When the height of the condensate in the first buffer tank 941 is higher than the preset value, it means that the pressure in the first buffer tank 941 is already high. At this time, the second valve 944 can be closed and the first valve 943 can be opened. , causing the condensate in the first buffer tank 941 to enter the second buffer tank 942, thereby releasing the pressure in the first buffer tank 941.
当第一缓冲罐941中的冷凝液全部进入到第二缓冲罐942后,可以将第一阀门943关闭,并将第二阀门944打开,以平衡第二缓冲罐942的压力,从而,当下次第一缓冲罐941中积累了较多冷凝液时,仍然可以关闭第二阀门944并开启第一阀门943,来释放第一缓冲罐941中的压力。When all the condensate in the first buffer tank 941 enters the second buffer tank 942, the first valve 943 can be closed and the second valve 944 can be opened to balance the pressure of the second buffer tank 942, so that when the next time When a large amount of condensate accumulates in the first buffer tank 941, the second valve 944 can still be closed and the first valve 943 can be opened to release the pressure in the first buffer tank 941.
本实施例中,第一阀门943和第二阀门944不会同时开启,从而,即保证真空泵9能够持续抽取气体,又保证分离装置2、气体流道12等不会直接与大气环境连通。In this embodiment, the first valve 943 and the second valve 944 are not opened at the same time, thereby ensuring that the vacuum pump 9 can continue to extract gas, and also ensuring that the separation device 2, the gas flow channel 12, etc. are not directly connected to the atmospheric environment.
在一些实施例中,第二缓冲罐942可以与冷凝液回收装置62连通,并且,第二缓冲罐942与冷凝液回收装置62的连通处设置有第三阀门945。本实施例中,在第一缓冲罐941中的冷凝液进入第二缓冲罐9421后,可以关闭第一阀门943并开启第二阀门944和第三阀门945,将第二缓冲罐942中的冷凝液引入冷凝液回收装置62。In some embodiments, the second buffer tank 942 may be connected to the condensate recovery device 62 , and a third valve 945 is provided at the communication point between the second buffer tank 942 and the condensate recovery device 62 . In this embodiment, after the condensate in the first buffer tank 941 enters the second buffer tank 9421, the first valve 943 can be closed and the second valve 944 and the third valve 945 can be opened to remove the condensate in the second buffer tank 942. The liquid is introduced into the condensate recovery device 62.
在一些实施例中,真空泵9可以与过滤装置95连接,过滤装置95可以与排气管96进行连接,过滤装置95可以用于过滤真空泵9所抽取的气体中的放射性物质,而排气管96可以被用于排放经过过滤的气体。In some embodiments, the vacuum pump 9 can be connected to a filtering device 95 , the filtering device 95 can be connected to the exhaust pipe 96 , the filtering device 95 can be used to filter radioactive substances in the gas extracted by the vacuum pump 9 , and the exhaust pipe 96 Can be used to vent filtered gases.
在一些实施例中,排气管96可以被设置成分段式结构,其各段之间可以彼此拆卸,或者相对于彼此进行滑动,从而,在不进行放射性废液处理的状态下,可以将排气管96的各段拆卸下来,或者彼此折叠,以避免其高度较高而移动受限。In some embodiments, the exhaust pipe 96 can be configured into a segmented structure, and the segments can be detached from each other or slid relative to each other, so that the exhaust pipe 96 can be disposed without radioactive waste treatment. The various sections of the trachea 96 are disassembled or folded against each other to avoid being restricted in movement due to their high height.
在一些实施例中,参照图9和图10,放射性废液处理系统还包括一个支撑平台100,该支撑平台100可以水平放置,而上述装置可以被固定在该支撑平台100上。本实施例中,上述装置被固定在同一个水平面上,从而,降低了放射性废液处理系统在竖直平面内的高度,使得放射性废液处理系统的整体结构更加紧凑,方便在较为狭小的空间中进行布置。In some embodiments, referring to Figures 9 and 10, the radioactive waste treatment system further includes a support platform 100. The support platform 100 can be placed horizontally, and the above device can be fixed on the support platform 100. In this embodiment, the above-mentioned devices are fixed on the same horizontal plane, thereby reducing the height of the radioactive waste liquid treatment system in the vertical plane, making the overall structure of the radioactive liquid waste treatment system more compact, and making it easier to install in a relatively narrow space. layout in.
在一些实施例中,该支撑平台100可以被固定在一个可移动平台上,从而,使得整个放射性废液处理系统是可移动的,使其应用场景不必局限在厂房中。可移动平台可以是汽车,并配置有一个车厢,而支撑平台100以及上述各装置可以被固定在该车厢中。如上文中所描述地,本实施例中的放射性废液处理系统中各装置被固定在同一个水平面上,使得本实施例的放射性废液处理系统整体能够满足车辆行驶时的限高要求,从而,能够在公路上自由行驶到需要的位置进行放射性废液处理。In some embodiments, the support platform 100 can be fixed on a movable platform, thereby making the entire radioactive waste treatment system movable, so that its application scenarios are not limited to factory buildings. The movable platform can be a car and is equipped with a cabin, and the support platform 100 and the above-mentioned devices can be fixed in the cabin. As described above, each device in the radioactive waste liquid treatment system in this embodiment is fixed on the same horizontal plane, so that the entire radioactive waste liquid treatment system in this embodiment can meet the height limit requirements when the vehicle is driving. Therefore, It can freely drive on the highway to the required location for radioactive waste disposal.
在一些实施例中,上文中所描述加热装置1的液体流道11和气体流道12与所述支撑平台100平行设置。即,加热装置1采用卧式的设计,从而,保证液体流道11和气体流道12足够长又能够满足高度需求。In some embodiments, the liquid flow channel 11 and the gas flow channel 12 of the heating device 1 described above are arranged parallel to the support platform 100 . That is, the heating device 1 adopts a horizontal design, thereby ensuring that the liquid flow channel 11 and the gas flow channel 12 are long enough and can meet the height requirements.
在一些实施例中,供料装置5、加热装置1、分离装置2和蒸汽压缩装置4可以沿着支撑平台100的第一方向依次设置。In some embodiments, the feeding device 5 , the heating device 1 , the separation device 2 and the vapor compression device 4 may be arranged sequentially along the first direction of the support platform 100 .
进一步地,在一些实施例中,蒸汽发生装置6和蒸汽压缩装置4可以沿支撑平台100的第二方向并排设置。Further, in some embodiments, the steam generating device 6 and the vapor compression device 4 may be arranged side by side along the second direction of the support platform 100 .
可以理解地,相较于供料装置5、加热装置1、分离装置2而言,蒸汽压缩装置4和蒸汽发生装置6中的放射性含量较低,因此,将蒸汽压缩装置4和蒸汽发生装置6并排设置,并设置在上述三个装置的一侧,使得整个放射性废液处理系统被划分成了高放射性和低放射性区域,便于保证操作人员的安全。It can be understood that compared with the feeding device 5, the heating device 1, and the separation device 2, the radioactive content in the vapor compression device 4 and the steam generating device 6 is lower. Therefore, the vapor compression device 4 and the steam generating device 6 are Arranged side by side and on one side of the above three devices, the entire radioactive waste treatment system is divided into high radioactive and low radioactive areas to ensure the safety of operators.
在一些实施例中,放射性废液处理系统可以包括一个隔板,该隔板可以沿第二方向延伸,蒸汽发生装置4和蒸汽压缩装置6设置在该隔板背离分离装置2的一侧。本实施例中,进一步地借助了隔板来将蒸汽发生装置4、蒸汽压缩装置6等低放射性的装置与高放射性的装置进行隔离,从而保证安全。如上文中所描述地,支撑平台100和上述装置可以设置在车厢中,而隔板可以与车厢密封连接,从而,使得蒸汽发生装置4、蒸汽压缩装置6等低放射性的装置与高放射性的装置处在相对密封的两个分区中。In some embodiments, the radioactive waste liquid treatment system may include a partition that may extend along the second direction, and the steam generating device 4 and the vapor compression device 6 are disposed on a side of the partition facing away from the separation device 2 . In this embodiment, partitions are further used to isolate low-radioactive devices such as the steam generating device 4 and the vapor compression device 6 from high-radioactive devices to ensure safety. As described above, the support platform 100 and the above-mentioned devices can be arranged in the carriage, and the partition can be sealingly connected with the carriage, so that low-radioactive devices such as the steam generating device 4 and the vapor compression device 6 can be separated from high-radioactive devices. In two relatively sealed partitions.
在一些实施例中,冷凝液回收装置62可以设置在蒸汽压缩装置4背离分离装置2的一侧,即,其同样设置在低放射性装置所在的分区中。In some embodiments, the condensate recovery device 62 may be disposed on the side of the vapor compression device 4 facing away from the separation device 2 , that is, it is also disposed in the partition where the low-radioactivity device is located.
在一些实施例中,循环泵3和净化装置8可以沿支撑平台100的第二方向设置在加热装置1的两侧。在一些实施例中,预热装置7可以设置在供料装置5和净化装置8之间。In some embodiments, the circulation pump 3 and the purification device 8 may be disposed on both sides of the heating device 1 along the second direction of the support platform 100 . In some embodiments, the preheating device 7 may be disposed between the feeding device 5 and the purification device 8 .
在一些实施例中,一些不具有控制设备和电气设备,例如为上述各个装置提供电力的电气柜,以及用于控制上述各个设备的启动、运行,监测上述装置的运行参数的控制器等,也可以被设置在上述支撑平台100上,由于这些设备不具有放射性,因此其可以设置在蒸汽发生装置4、蒸汽压缩装置6、冷凝液回收装置62等装置背离分离装置2的一侧,并同样可以借助隔板与上述装置进行隔离,从而,整个放射性废液处理系统被划分成了高放射区、低放射区和无放射区三个区域。In some embodiments, some do not have control equipment and electrical equipment, such as electrical cabinets that provide power to each of the above-mentioned devices, and controllers used to control the startup and operation of each of the above-mentioned devices, monitor the operating parameters of the above-mentioned devices, etc., also can be arranged on the above-mentioned support platform 100. Since these devices are not radioactive, they can be arranged on the side of the steam generating device 4, vapor compression device 6, condensate recovery device 62 and other devices away from the separation device 2, and can also be The entire radioactive waste treatment system is divided into three areas: high radioactive area, low radioactive area and non-radioactive area by means of partitions and isolation from the above-mentioned devices.
如上文中所描述的,上述多个装置之间存在多条管路,一些管路用于冷凝液的转移,一些管路用于气体的抽取和转移,在一些实施例中,这些用于转移冷凝液的管路可以沿着支撑平台100的表面进行设置,而用于气体的抽取和转移的管路可以沿着上述各个装置的顶部表面进行设置。As described above, there are multiple pipelines between the above-mentioned devices, some pipelines are used for the transfer of condensate, and some pipelines are used for the extraction and transfer of gas. In some embodiments, these are used for transferring condensation. Liquid pipelines may be provided along the surface of the support platform 100, and pipelines for gas extraction and transfer may be provided along the top surface of each of the above devices.
在一些实施例中,参照图10,支撑平台100包括支撑板110和支撑架120。支撑架120设置在支撑板110的上方并且与支撑板110之间形成间隙。本实施例中,上述各个装置可以连接在支撑架120上,可以理解地,上述各装置运行过程中可能会有漏液的情况发生,而由于支撑架120和支撑板110之间形成有间隙,因此漏液可以被收集在该间隙中,避免其四处流动。In some embodiments, referring to FIG. 10 , the support platform 100 includes a support plate 110 and a support frame 120 . The support frame 120 is disposed above the support plate 110 and forms a gap with the support plate 110 . In this embodiment, the above-mentioned devices can be connected to the support frame 120. It is understandable that liquid leakage may occur during the operation of the above-mentioned devices, and due to the gap formed between the support frame 120 and the support plate 110, Leakage can therefore be collected in this gap, preventing it from flowing around.
在一些实施例中,支撑板110朝向支撑架120的一面形成有倾角。从而,泄漏到上述间隙中的液体将会沿着该倾角流动到支撑板110的一角,方便对漏液进行收集。In some embodiments, a side of the support plate 110 facing the support frame 120 is formed with an inclination angle. Therefore, the liquid leaking into the gap will flow to a corner of the support plate 110 along the inclination angle, which facilitates the collection of the leaked liquid.
具体地,支撑板110的倾角可以是一个极小的角度,同时,支撑架120的支撑表面可以是水平的,以保证对上述各个装置的支撑的稳定性。Specifically, the inclination angle of the support plate 110 can be a very small angle, and at the same time, the support surface of the support frame 120 can be horizontal to ensure the stability of supporting each of the above devices.
本申请的实施例还提供一种放射性废液处理方法,放射性废液方法可以被应用于上文中一个或多个实施例中所描述的放射性废液处理系统中。Embodiments of the present application also provide a radioactive waste liquid treatment method, which can be applied to the radioactive waste liquid treatment system described in one or more embodiments above.
具体地,放射性废液处理方法包括:Specifically, radioactive waste treatment methods include:
S1:持续向加热装置中引入放射性废液,并借助循环泵驱动放射性废液在加热装置和分离装置之间循环,其中,加热装置用于对放射性废液进行加热处理以使放射性废液在分离装置中沸腾,分离装置用于将放射性废液沸腾时生成的蒸汽分离,以使放射性废液浓缩。S1: Continuously introduce radioactive waste liquid into the heating device, and use a circulation pump to drive the radioactive waste liquid to circulate between the heating device and the separation device. The heating device is used to heat the radioactive waste liquid to separate the radioactive waste liquid. Boiling in the device, the separation device is used to separate the steam generated when the radioactive waste liquid boils to concentrate the radioactive waste liquid.
S2:在循环的过程中,借助蒸汽压缩装置对分离装置分离的蒸汽进行压缩升温获得压缩蒸汽,将压缩蒸汽引入加热装置,使压缩蒸汽与放射性废液进行换热,以作为加热装置的第一热源,使放射性废液能够持续被浓缩。S2: During the cycle, use the vapor compression device to compress and heat the steam separated by the separation device to obtain compressed steam. The compressed steam is introduced into the heating device to exchange heat with the radioactive waste liquid as the first source of the heating device. The heat source allows the radioactive waste liquid to be continuously concentrated.
S3:在确定放射性废液已经被浓缩预定倍数后,将浓缩后的放射性废液引出加热装置和分离装置。S3: After determining that the radioactive waste liquid has been concentrated by a predetermined multiple, lead the concentrated radioactive waste liquid out of the heating device and separation device.
S4:在循环的过程中,监测蒸汽压缩装置的工作状态;在监测到蒸汽压缩装置的工作状态出现异常时,关闭蒸汽压缩装置,停止向加热装置中引入放射性废液,并将蒸汽压缩装置、加热装置和分离装置中的气体排出。S4: During the cycle, monitor the working status of the vapor compression device; when an abnormality in the working status of the vapor compression device is detected, shut down the vapor compression device, stop introducing radioactive waste liquid into the heating device, and turn the vapor compression device, Gas exhaust from heating units and separation units.
如上文中所描述的,蒸汽压缩装置存在发生喘振的风险,其是放射性废液处理过程中最容易发生故障的设备之一,为此,本实施例中,在进行放射性废液处理的过程中监测了蒸汽压缩装置的工作状态,当其工作状态出现异常时,及时将其关闭。As described above, the vapor compression device has the risk of surge, and it is one of the equipment most prone to failure in the process of radioactive waste treatment. For this reason, in this embodiment, during the process of radioactive waste treatment The working status of the vapor compression device is monitored, and when its working status is abnormal, it is shut down in time.
进一步的,在将蒸汽压缩装置关闭后,加热装置失去了一个主要的热源,难以继续对放射性废液进行加热处理,为此,本实施例中在将蒸汽压缩装置关闭后,停止向加热装置中继续引入放射性废液,避免发生分离装置中液位过高的情况。Furthermore, after the vapor compression device is closed, the heating device loses a main heat source, making it difficult to continue heating the radioactive waste liquid. For this reason, in this embodiment, after the vapor compression device is closed, the heating device is stopped. Continue to introduce radioactive waste liquid to avoid excessively high liquid levels in the separation device.
同时,本实施例中再将蒸汽压缩装置关闭后还将蒸汽压缩装置、加热装置和分离装置中的气体排出,避免这些装置中的气体因为失去蒸汽压缩装置的压缩加热而逐渐降温凝结成液体并发生积存。At the same time, in this embodiment, after the vapor compression device is closed, the gas in the vapor compression device, heating device and separation device is also discharged, so as to prevent the gas in these devices from gradually cooling down and condensing into liquid due to losing the compression and heating of the vapor compression device. Accumulation occurs.
在一些实施例中,可以通过监测蒸汽压缩装置的工作电流、进出口的压力差、运行噪声、运行震动情况等来检测其工作状态,对此不作限制。In some embodiments, the working status of the vapor compression device can be detected by monitoring its operating current, pressure difference between the inlet and outlet, operating noise, operating vibration, etc., without limitation.
本实施例所提供的方法能够在蒸汽压缩装置发生故障时有效地保护蒸汽压缩装置以及其他装置,并提高放射性废液处理的安全性。The method provided in this embodiment can effectively protect the vapor compression device and other devices when the vapor compression device fails, and improve the safety of radioactive waste liquid treatment.
在一些实施例中,可以借助设置在分离装置出口处的第一抽气口和设置在加热装置处的第二抽气口将上述装置中的气体排出。可以借助上文中所描述的真空泵来完成气体的排出。In some embodiments, the gas in the above device can be discharged by means of a first air extraction port provided at the outlet of the separation device and a second air extraction port provided at the heating device. The removal of the gas can be accomplished with the aid of a vacuum pump as described above.
在一些实施例中,在关闭蒸汽压缩装置后,可以继续借助循环泵驱动放射性废液在加热装置和分离装置之间循环。从而,当蒸汽压缩装置的故障排除后,可以继续进行放射性废液处理,而无需重新启动循环泵。In some embodiments, after shutting down the vapor compression device, the radioactive waste liquid can continue to be driven to circulate between the heating device and the separation device by means of a circulation pump. Therefore, when the fault of the vapor compression device is eliminated, the radioactive waste liquid treatment can be continued without restarting the circulation pump.
在一些实施例中,可以在循环过程中,将蒸汽发生装置生成的蒸汽引入加热装置作为加热装置的第二热源。In some embodiments, steam generated by the steam generating device can be introduced into the heating device as a second heat source of the heating device during the cycle.
在一些实施例中,在将蒸汽压缩装置、加热装置和分离装置中的气体排出前,先关闭蒸汽发生装置,以避免蒸汽发生装置在抽气过程中仍然工作而导致不必要的浪费。In some embodiments, before the gas in the vapor compression device, heating device and separation device is discharged, the steam generating device is turned off first to avoid unnecessary waste caused by the steam generating device still working during the gas extraction process.
在一些实施例中,可以进一步地监测蒸汽发生装置的工作状态;在监测到蒸汽发生装置无法生成蒸汽时,关闭蒸汽压缩装置。In some embodiments, the working status of the steam generating device can be further monitored; when it is detected that the steam generating device cannot generate steam, the vapor compression device is shut down.
如上文中所描述的,蒸汽压缩装置容易发生喘振,而蒸汽发生装置无法生成蒸汽时,加热装置的加热效率可能不够,导致蒸汽压缩装置进口处的蒸汽流量较低,这可能会引发蒸汽压缩装置发生喘振的风险,为此,本实施例中在监测到蒸汽发生装置无法生成蒸汽时将蒸汽压缩装置关闭,以对其进行保护。关闭蒸汽压缩装置后的其他操作可以参照上文中相关部分的描述,在此不再赘述。As described above, vapor compression devices are prone to surge, and when the steam generating device cannot generate steam, the heating efficiency of the heating device may not be enough, resulting in low steam flow at the inlet of the vapor compression device, which may cause the vapor compression device to There is a risk of surge. Therefore, in this embodiment, when it is detected that the steam generating device cannot generate steam, the steam compression device is shut down to protect it. For other operations after shutting down the vapor compression device, please refer to the description of the relevant parts above and will not be repeated here.
在一些实施例中,可以将加热装置中的冷凝液引入蒸汽发生装置,以作为蒸汽发生装置的水源,冷凝液是加热装置中的压缩蒸汽与放射性废液换热后生成的。In some embodiments, the condensate in the heating device can be introduced into the steam generating device to serve as a water source for the steam generating device. The condensate is generated after heat exchange between the compressed steam in the heating device and the radioactive waste liquid.
在一些实施例中,可以监测蒸汽发生装置中的水位;在水位低于预设值时,向蒸汽发生装置中补水。本实施例中,在蒸汽发生装置中水位较低时对其进行补水处理,以避免由于冷凝液流入不足或者冷凝液消耗过多而导致蒸汽发生装置无法产生足量的蒸汽。In some embodiments, the water level in the steam generating device can be monitored; when the water level is lower than a preset value, water is added to the steam generating device. In this embodiment, water replenishment is performed on the steam generating device when the water level is low to avoid the steam generating device being unable to generate sufficient steam due to insufficient inflow of condensate or excessive consumption of condensate.
在一些实施例中,可以将蒸汽发生装置产生的蒸汽引入到蒸汽压缩装置的入口处。从而,能够在分离装置所分离的蒸汽流量较小时对蒸汽进行补充,保证了蒸气压缩装置入口处的蒸汽流量,减少发生喘振的风险。In some embodiments, steam generated by the steam generating device may be introduced into the inlet of the vapor compression device. Therefore, the steam can be replenished when the flow rate of the steam separated by the separation device is small, ensuring the steam flow rate at the inlet of the vapor compression device and reducing the risk of surge.
在一些实施例中,可以借助蒸汽发生装置中的冷凝液对蒸汽压缩装置出口处的压缩蒸汽进行喷淋,以对压缩蒸汽进行降温。使蒸汽压缩装置出口处的压缩蒸汽不会形成过热蒸汽,减少发生喘振的风险。In some embodiments, the compressed steam at the outlet of the steam compression device can be sprayed with condensate in the steam generating device to cool the compressed steam, so that the compressed steam at the outlet of the steam compression device will not form superheated steam, reducing the risk of surge.
在一些实施例中,如上文中所描述的,蒸汽发生装置中的冷凝水还可能被引入到净化装置中进行喷淋,引入到预热装置中进行预热等,而在蒸汽压缩装置关闭后,也应当一并关闭这些冷凝水流动的通路,以避免蒸汽发生装置中的冷凝水流干。In some embodiments, as described above, the condensed water in the steam generating device may also be introduced into the purification device for spraying, into the preheating device for preheating, etc., and after the vapor compression device is closed, These condensate flow paths should also be closed to prevent the condensate water in the steam generating device from draining.
在一些实施例中,蒸汽发生装置可以设置有一个泄压阀,当蒸汽发生装置中的气体压力过高时,可以借助泄压阀来释放压力。In some embodiments, the steam generating device may be provided with a pressure relief valve. When the gas pressure in the steam generating device is too high, the pressure may be released by means of the pressure relief valve.
上述放射性废液处理方法的一些具体的技术细节可以参照上文中放射性废液处理系统的相关部分的描述,在此不再赘述。For some specific technical details of the above-mentioned radioactive waste treatment method, please refer to the description of the relevant parts of the radioactive waste treatment system above, and will not be repeated here.
上面结合附图和实施例对本发明作了详细说明,但是本发明并不限于上述实施例,在本领域普通技术人员所具备的知识范围内,还可以在不脱离本发明宗旨的前提下作出各种变化。本发明中未作详细描述的内容均可以采用现有技术。The present invention has been described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. However, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those of ordinary skill in the art, various modifications can be made without departing from the purpose of the present invention. kind of change. Contents not described in detail in the present invention can be implemented using existing technologies.
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