CN115810892B - Millimeter wave all-metal high-gain folding reflective array antenna - Google Patents
Millimeter wave all-metal high-gain folding reflective array antenna Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a millimeter wave all-metal high-gain folding reflective array antenna, which comprises a polarization grating, wherein the polarization grating is of a single-layer structure made of metal and is used for gating specific linear polarized waves; the reflection array is positioned at the lower side of the polarization grid and is an array formed by a plurality of metal reflection phase shifting units; the metal feed source is positioned in the middle of the reflection array and is used for feeding the folded reflection array antenna; the electromagnetic waves emitted by the feed source are reflected by the polarization grating and then reach the reflective array surface, the emergent phase and the polarization direction of the electromagnetic waves are regulated and controlled through each metal reflection phase-shifting unit, and high-gain beams are realized after the electromagnetic waves penetrate through the polarization grating. The antenna has the advantages of low profile, low loss, high stability, low cost, high efficiency, excellent electrical performance and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of millimeter wave antennas, in particular to a millimeter wave all-metal high-gain folding reflective array antenna.
Background
Currently, high gain antennas are receiving a great deal of attention in the millimeter wave communication field. Conventional high gain antennas mainly include parabolic antennas and phased array antennas. The parabolic antenna has the advantages of high efficiency, low loss and the like, but in the millimeter wave frequency band, the size of the antenna element is smaller, and the requirement of the curved surface of the parabolic antenna on the processing precision is higher, so that the processing difficulty of the parabolic antenna in millimeter wave communication is greatly increased. Phased array antennas have the advantages of high flexibility, stability and the like, but the feed network is complex, and the phased array antennas are difficult to integrate in millimeter wave frequency bands.
In recent decades, reflective array antennas have been proposed which combine the advantages of parabolic antennas and phased array antennas while exhibiting other advantages such as low cost, high efficiency, and simple feed networks. Subsequently, folded reflective array antennas with low profile and low cross polarization advantages have been proposed, which intersect with conventional reflective array antennas, with higher integration and less space occupation, and thus have certain advantages in millimeter wave communications.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a millimeter wave all-metal high-gain folded reflective array antenna with low profile, low loss, high stability, low cost, high efficiency and excellent electrical performance.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a millimeter wave all-metal high-gain folding reflective array antenna is characterized in that: comprises a polarization grating which is a single-layer structure made of metal and is used for gating specific linear polarized waves; the reflection array is positioned at the lower side of the polarization grid and is an array formed by a plurality of metal reflection phase shifting units; the metal feed source is positioned in the middle of the reflection array and is used for feeding the folded reflection array antenna; the electromagnetic waves emitted by the feed source are reflected by the polarization grating and then reach the reflective array surface, the emergent phase and the polarization direction of the electromagnetic waves are regulated and controlled through each metal reflection phase-shifting unit, and high-gain beams are realized after the electromagnetic waves penetrate through the polarization grating.
Preferably, the distance between the polarization grating and the reflection array is F/2,F/2=8.85 mm.
The further technical proposal is that: the polarization grating comprises a single-layer metal structure formed by a plurality of parallel metal strips, the polarization grating passes through a linear polarized wave and reflects the linear polarized wave perpendicular to the polarization direction of the linear polarized wave, and the polarization grating realizes 99.5% transmittance and 99.1% reflectivity at the center frequency under the two functions of transmission/reflection.
The further technical proposal is that: the whole of the polarization grating is square, the length and the width of the polarization grating are 13.6mm, the metal strips are parallel to the diagonal line of the square polarization grating, the width of each metal strip is 0.1mm, and the interval between every two adjacent metal strips is 0.22mm.
The further technical proposal is that: the metal reflection phase shifting unit is a vertical double-linear polarization unit with high isolation, and can adjust the phases of two orthogonal linear polarization waves simultaneously; the metal reflection phase shifting unit comprises two orthogonal reflection phase shifting plates provided with trapezoid grooves, the reflection phases of two orthogonal linear polarization waves are adjusted by adjusting the heights of the trapezoid grooves on the two reflection phase shifting plates, and the reflection phases of the reflection phase shifting unit are set according to the following formula:wherein (1)>The reflection phase of the reflection phase shifting unit in the m-th row and the n-th column, k is the phase constant in vacuum, r fmn For the distance of the feed source to the reflective phase shift unit, +.>Is the main beam direction->For reflecting the direction vector of the array face center to the cell, is->Is constant.
The further technical proposal is that: the metal reflection phase shifting unit comprises a first reflection phase shifting plate and a second reflection phase shifting plate, a first trapezoid groove is formed in the upper portion of the first reflection phase shifting plate, a first clamping groove is formed in the lower portion of the first reflection phase shifting plate, a second trapezoid groove is formed in the upper portion of the second reflection phase shifting plate, the second reflection phase shifting plate is inserted into the first clamping groove, the first reflection phase shifting plate and the second reflection phase shifting plate are orthogonally arranged, the lower surfaces of the first reflection phase shifting plate and the second reflection phase shifting plate are on the same plane, and the heights of the first reflection phase shifting plate and the second reflection phase shifting plate are the same and are h.
The further technical proposal is that: depth d of the second trapezoid groove 2 Greater than the depth d of the first trapezoid groove 1 When the first reflection phase-shifting plate and the second reflection phase-shifting plate are connected together, a distance is kept between the side wall of the second trapezoid groove and the first reflection phase-shifting plate.
The further technical proposal is that: the width of the first trapezoid groove and the width of the second trapezoid groove are gradually reduced from top to bottom, so that two tips are respectively formed on the upper sides of the first reflection phase-shifting plate and the second reflection phase-shifting plate.
Preferably, the thicknesses h of the first reflection phase-shifting plate and the second reflection phase-shifting plate s ＝0.1mm。
Preferably, the upper bottom edge length r of the second trapezoid groove l =0.18 mm, bottom side length r u ＝0.18mm
The beneficial effects of adopting above-mentioned technical scheme to produce lie in: the reflection coefficient amplitude of the metal reflection phase shift unit adopted by the antenna in two linear polarization directions is larger than-0.01 dB, and the antenna has the advantages of simple structure, high stability, high energy reflection efficiency and the like; the adopted material is metal, so that the loss is reduced, the cost is effectively reduced, and the mass production and large-scale application are facilitated; the metal feed source has various forms, and proper feed sources are selected according to different application scenes and requirements, so that the flexibility is high.
Drawings
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention using a rectangular waveguide as a feed source;
fig. 2a is a schematic perspective view of a metal reflection phase shift unit in an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2b is a schematic diagram of a front view structure of a metal reflection phase shift unit in the antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2c is a schematic side view of a metal reflective phase shift element in an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a front view of a reflective array in an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of simulated reflection coefficient amplitude for a rectangular waveguide of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a simulated gain magnitude plot for a rectangular waveguide of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the variation of the amplitude of the simulated reflection coefficient of the metal reflection phase shift unit of the antenna according to the embodiment of the invention with the height of two trapezoid grooves at different frequencies;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the variation of the phase of the simulated reflection coefficient of the metallic reflection phase shift unit with the height of two trapezoid slots at different frequencies according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the actual phase distribution of a reflective array at 220GHz for an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9a is a normalized simulated far field pattern at 200 for an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9b is a normalized simulated far field pattern at 210 for an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9c is a normalized simulated far field pattern at 220 for an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
figure 9d is a normalized simulated far field pattern at 230 for an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention,
figure 9e is a normalized simulated far field pattern at 240 for an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention,
fig. 9f is a normalized simulated far field pattern at 250 for an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a graph showing simulated gain and simulated aperture efficiency of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention as a function of frequency;
wherein: 1. a polarizing grid; 11. a metal strip; 2. a reflective array; 21. a metal reflection phase shift unit; 211. a first reflective phase shift plate; 212. a second reflective phase shift plate; 3. a feed source;
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways other than those described herein, and persons skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Referring to fig. 1-3, the embodiment of the invention discloses a millimeter wave all-metal high-gain folded reflective array antenna, which comprises a polarization grating 1, wherein the polarization grating 1 is a single-layer structure made of metal and is used for gating specific linear polarized waves; a reflection array 2, wherein the reflection array 2 is a square array formed by a plurality of metal reflection phase shift units 21; a feed source 3, located in the middle of the reflection array 2, for feeding the folded reflection array antenna; the polarization grating 1 reflects the electromagnetic wave emitted by the feed source 3, then the electromagnetic wave reaches the reflective array surface, and the outgoing phase and the polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave are regulated and controlled by each metal reflective phase-shifting unit 21 to pass through the polarization grating, so that a high-gain wave beam can be realized.
The polarization grating 1 is composed of a series ofThe polarization grating 1 passes through a linear polarized wave and reflects the linear polarized wave perpendicular to the polarization direction, and the polarization grating realizes 99.5% transmittance and 99.1% reflectance at the center frequency under the two functions of transmission/reflection. The reflection array 2 is an array formed by a plurality of metal reflection phase-shifting units 21, and the metal reflection phase-shifting units 21 are vertical double-line polarization units with high isolation, so that the phases of two orthogonal linear polarization waves can be adjusted simultaneously. The metal reflection phase shift unit 21 is formed by two orthogonal cuboids with trapezoid grooves, the reflection phases of two orthogonal linear polarized waves are adjusted by adjusting the heights of the two trapezoid grooves, and the reflection phases of the reflection phase shift units are set according to the following formula:wherein (1)>The reflection phase of the reflection phase shifting unit in the m-th row and the n-th column, k is the phase constant in vacuum, r fmn For the distance of the feed source to the reflective phase shift unit, +.>Is the main beam direction->For reflecting the direction vector of the array face center to the cell, is->Is constant.
Further, as shown in fig. 2a-2c, the metal reflective phase shift unit 21 includes a first reflective phase shift plate 211 and a second reflective phase shift plate 212, a first trapezoid slot is formed on an upper portion of the first reflective phase shift plate 211, a first clamping slot is formed on a lower portion of the first reflective phase shift plate 211, a second trapezoid slot is formed on an upper portion of the second reflective phase shift plate 212, the second reflective phase shift plate 212 is inserted into the first clamping slot, the first reflective phase shift plate 211 and the second reflective phase shift plate 212 are orthogonally arranged, and the first reflective phase shift plate 211 and a lower surface of the second reflective phase shift plate 212 are on the same plane.
Depth d of the second trapezoid groove 2 Greater than the depth d of the first trapezoid groove 1 When the first reflective phase shift plate 211 and the second reflective phase shift plate 212 are coupled together, a distance is maintained between the sidewall of the second trapezoid groove and the first reflective phase shift plate 211. The widths of the first and second trapezoid grooves are gradually reduced from top to bottom, so that the upper sides of the first and second reflection phase-shifting plates 211 and 212 respectively form two tips.
The reflection coefficient amplitude of the metal reflection phase modulation unit 21 in the two orthogonal linear polarization wave directions is higher than-0.01 dB, the reflection coefficient phase can be continuously adjusted within the range of 0 DEG to 360 DEG and keep 180 DEG constant phase difference, the reflection coefficient phase is in a straight line along with the change of the height of the trapezoid groove, and the change range of more than 540 DEG can be provided. The slot shapes in the reflective phase shift element include, but are not limited to, trapezoidal or rectangular. The metal feed source is a single-line polarized wave antenna, including but not limited to a rectangular waveguide or a pyramid horn. The millimeter wave all-metal high-gain folding reflective array antenna achieves gain of 27.8dBi at 220GHz, aperture efficiency of 48.4% and gain bandwidth of 29.5% in 3 dB.
In the embodiment of the invention, the length and the width of the polarization grating 1 are 13.6mm, the width of each metal strip 11 is 0.1mm, and the interval between every two adjacent metal strips 11 is 0.22mm. The side length d=13.6 mm of the reflection array 2, the period p=0.4 mm of the metal reflection phase shift unit 21, the height h=1.2 mm, the thickness h of two orthogonal cuboids s =0.1 mm, upper bottom edge length r of second trapezoid groove l =0.18 mm, bottom side length r u =0.18 mm, height d 1 And d 2 The 0.05mm is used as the processing technology, and the distribution on the array surface is respectively formed by the reflection coefficient phase and d of the y-direction polarized wave and the x-direction polarized wave 1 And d 2 Corresponding to (a) and (5) determining the relation. The rectangular waveguide 3 has a length of 2.2mm, a width of 1.8mm and a length of 2mm. The distance F/2=8.85 mm of the reflective array 2 to the polarizing grid 1.
As fig. 4 shows the simulated reflection coefficient amplitude of the rectangular waveguide in the operating frequency band, it can be seen that the reflection coefficient amplitude of the transmission polarization conversion super-surface unit in the operating frequency band is less than-10 dB.
As fig. 5 shows the simulated gain amplitude of the rectangular waveguide in the operating frequency band, it can be seen that the simulated gain of the rectangular waveguide is 14.1dBi and the 3dB lobe width on the E-plane is 32.9 °.
As shown in fig. 6, the variation curves of the simulated reflection coefficient amplitude of the metal reflection phase shift unit 21 with the heights of the two trapezoid grooves at different frequencies are shown, and it can be seen that the variation curves of the two simulated reflection coefficient amplitudes with the heights of the two trapezoid grooves are both larger than-0.01 dB.
As shown in FIG. 7, the phase of the simulated reflection coefficient of the metallic reflection phase shift unit 21 at different frequencies is plotted against the height of the two trapezoidal grooves, it can be seen that the height d of the two trapezoidal grooves 1 And d 2 The simulated reflectance phase provides a 540 deg. change in reflectance phase in the range of 0mm to 1 mm.
As shown in fig. 8, the actual phase distribution of the array surface of the reflection array 2 at 220GHz is shown, and the height distribution of the two trapezoid grooves can be obtained according to the corresponding relation between the heights of the two trapezoid grooves and the reflection phase.
As shown in figures 9a-9f, normalized simulation far-field patterns of the millimeter wave all-metal high-gain folded reflective array antenna at 200-250 GHz are provided, the far-field patterns have certain stability in a frequency band, and the cross polarization level is below-25 dB.
As shown in FIG. 10, the simulated gain and the simulated aperture efficiency of the millimeter wave all-metal high-gain folded reflective array antenna change along with the frequency, the simulated gain at 220GHz can be seen to be 27.8dBi, the aperture efficiency is 48.4%, and the 3dB gain bandwidth is 29.5%.
As can be seen from the above, the invention has the characteristics of high gain, high efficiency, low profile, low cost and the like.
Claims (6)
1. A millimeter wave all-metal high-gain folding reflective array antenna is characterized in that: comprises a polarization grating (1), wherein the polarization grating (1) is a single-layer structure made of metal and is used for gating specific linear polarized waves; the reflection array (2) is positioned at the lower side of the polarization grid (1), the reflection array (2) comprises a plurality of metal reflection phase-shifting units (21), and the plurality of metal reflection phase-shifting units (21) form an array; the feed source (3) is positioned in the middle of the reflection array (2) and is used for feeding the folded reflection array antenna; the polarization grating (1) reflects electromagnetic waves emitted by the feed source (3) and then reaches the array surface of the reflection array (2), the emergent phase and the polarization direction of the electromagnetic waves are regulated and controlled through each metal reflection phase-shifting unit (21), and high-gain wave beams are realized after the electromagnetic waves penetrate the polarization grating (1);
the metal reflection phase shifting unit is a vertical double-linear polarization unit with high isolation, and can adjust the phases of two orthogonal linear polarization waves simultaneously; the metal reflection phase shifting unit comprises two orthogonal reflection phase shifting plates provided with trapezoid grooves, the reflection phases of two orthogonal linear polarization waves are adjusted by adjusting the heights of the trapezoid grooves on the two reflection phase shifting plates, and the reflection phases of the reflection phase shifting unit are set according to the following formula:the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein (1)>The reflection phase of the reflection phase shifting unit of the m-th row and the n-th column,kis the phase constant in vacuum, +.>For the distance of the feed source to the reflective phase shift unit, +.>Is the main beam direction->For reflecting the direction vector of the array face center to the cell, is->Is a constant;
the metal reflection phase shift unit (21) comprises a first reflection phase shift plate (211) and a second reflection phase shift plate (212), a first trapezoid groove is formed on the upper portion of the first reflection phase shift plate (211), a first clamping groove is formed on the lower portion of the first reflection phase shift plate (211), a second trapezoid groove is formed on the upper portion of the second reflection phase shift plate (212), the second reflection phase shift plate (212) is inserted into the first clamping groove, the first reflection phase shift plate (211) and the second reflection phase shift plate (212) are orthogonally arranged, the lower surfaces of the first reflection phase shift plate (211) and the second reflection phase shift plate (212) are on the same plane, and the heights of the first reflection phase shift plate (211) and the second reflection phase shift plate (212) are the samehThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Depth of the second trapezoid grooved 2 Greater than the depth of the first trapezoid grooved 1 When the first reflection phase-shifting plate (211) and the second reflection phase-shifting plate (212) are connected together, a distance is kept between the side wall of the second trapezoid groove and the first reflection phase-shifting plate (211); the widths of the first trapezoid groove and the second trapezoid groove are gradually reduced from top to bottom, so that two tips are respectively formed on the upper sides of the first reflection phase-shifting plate (211) and the second reflection phase-shifting plate (212).
2. The millimeter wave all-metal high-gain folded reflective array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the distance between the polarization grating (1) and the reflection array (2) isF/2，F/2=8.85 mm。
3. The millimeter wave all-metal high-gain folded reflective array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the polarization grating (1) comprises a single-layer metal structure formed by a plurality of parallel metal strips (11), the polarization grating (1) passes through a linear polarized wave and reflects the linear polarized wave perpendicular to the polarization direction, and the polarization grating (1) realizes 99.5% transmittance and 99.1% reflectivity at the center frequency under the two functions of transmission and reflection.
4. The millimeter wave all-metal high-gain folded reflective array antenna of claim 3, wherein: the whole of the polarization grating (1) is square, the length and the width of the polarization grating are 13.6 and mm, the metal strips (11) are parallel to the diagonal line of the square polarization grating (1), the width of each metal strip (11) is 0.1 and mm, and the interval between every two adjacent metal strips (11) is 0.22 and mm.
5. The millimeter wave all-metal high-gain folded reflective array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the thicknesses of the first reflection phase-shifting plate and the second reflection phase-shifting plateh s =0.1 mm。
6. The millimeter wave all-metal high-gain folded reflective array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the upper bottom edge of the second trapezoid groove is longr l =0.18 mm, lower bottom edge longr u =0.18 mm。
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| CN117832872B (en) * | 2024-01-17 | 2024-06-25 | 北京星英联微波科技有限责任公司 | Broadband total metal reflection unit, reflection array and reflection array antenna structure |
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