CN115805535A - A high-pressure air-assisted water jet nozzle and polishing method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of steel rail grinding, and particularly discloses a high-pressure air flow assisted water jet nozzle and a grinding method. The method comprises the following steps: a nozzle structure body; a high pressure water flow inlet disposed axially along the nozzle structure body; the solid abrasive channel is arranged on the side wall of the nozzle structure body; the solid-liquid two-phase mixing cavity is arranged in the nozzle structure body and is communicated with the high-pressure water inlet and the solid abrasive channel; the sand pipe is arranged at the lower part in the nozzle structure body and is communicated with the solid-liquid two-phase mixing cavity; the high-pressure airflow module comprises an air pipe channel, an annular hollow air pipe and an air injection section which are sequentially communicated, wherein the air injection section is used for adjusting the focusing angle of the air flow according to the polishing distance, so that the abrasive sprayed by the sand pipe corrects the jet flow direction under the action of air flow restraint. The invention can increase the effective jet distance of the abrasive water jet, focus the jet energy and effectively prevent the crushing condition caused by the too close distance between the nozzle and the action object.

Description

A high-pressure air-assisted water jet nozzle and polishing method

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of rail grinding, and more specifically relates to a high-pressure air-assisted water jet nozzle and a grinding method.

Background technique

Due to the unique cold processing characteristics of abrasive water jet (Abrasive Waterjet), it has become the fastest-growing special processing technology in the past forty years, and its application is becoming more and more common. It is widely used in aerospace, mechanical processing, Automobile manufacturing, foundry industry, weapons industry, electronics, construction industry and paper industry and other industries. The water jet nozzle is the main part in the jet process, its quality and the rationality of the structure determine the jet process quality, so the influence on it is of great significance.

At present, when traditional water jet nozzles are used in cutting, grinding and other application scenarios, the target distance needs to be controlled at 3-6mm. The effective spraying target distance is relatively short, and it is more suitable for situations where the workpiece on the machine tool is stationary. However, in some actual uses, such as grinding rails during travel, the target distance needs to be greater than 10mm, and at the same time, it is necessary to prevent the nozzle sand tube from being damaged after it collides with the workpiece surface due to vibration.

There are some published patents that optimize the nozzle structure by introducing self-oscillating jets, cavitation jets, rotating jets, and pulse jets. For example, the invention patent CN108855662A discloses a porous straight-rotating mixed cavitation jet nozzle. The existence of the axial through hole on the body, the existence of the rotating impeller and the existence of the shrinking and expanding horizontal positive jet port combine continuous straight jet flow, rotating jet flow and cavitation jet flow, which can effectively improve the processing quality of water jet flow, and the cost is low. However, the effective processing target distance is still not increased, and there is currently no related invention that can effectively increase the processing target distance.

Based on the above defects and deficiencies, there is an urgent need in the field to propose a high-pressure air-assisted water jet nozzle structure and its control method, which can effectively improve the processing target distance.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the above defects or improvement needs of the prior art, the present invention provides a high-pressure air-flow assisted water jet nozzle and a grinding method, in which a high-pressure air-flow assisted water jet nozzle is designed in combination with the characteristics of the water jet nozzle itself and the characteristics of the rail grinding process. water jet nozzle, and its key components, such as nozzle structure body, high-pressure water inlet, solid abrasive channel, solid-liquid two-phase mixing chamber, sand tube and high-pressure air flow module structure and its specific setting method, can be correspondingly Increase the effective spraying distance of the abrasive water jet, focus the spraying energy, and effectively prevent the nozzle from breaking too close to the object.

In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, a high-pressure air-assisted water jet nozzle is proposed, including:

Nozzle structure body;

The high-pressure water inlet is located on the upper part of the nozzle structure body and is arranged axially along the nozzle structure body;

A solid abrasive channel is provided on the side wall of the nozzle structure body;

The solid-liquid two-phase mixing chamber is arranged in the nozzle structure body, and the solid-liquid two-phase mixing chamber is connected with the high-pressure water inlet and the solid abrasive channel;

A sand pipe is arranged at the lower part of the nozzle structure body, and the sand pipe is connected with the solid-liquid two-phase mixing chamber;

The high-pressure airflow module includes a gas pipe passage, an annular air pipe and a gas injection section connected in sequence, the air pipe passage is used to input the airflow of a specified pressure to the gas injection section, and the gas injection section is used to adjust the airflow according to the grinding distance The focusing angle makes the abrasive sprayed by the sand tube correct the direction of the jet flow under the restriction of the air flow.

As a further preference, a gas converging pipe is also provided between the air pipe in the ring and the gas injection section, the gas converging pipe is a tapered structure, and the annular section of the air pipe in the ring is larger than that of the gas injection section. circular section.

As a further preference, it also includes a field generator, arranged in the gas injection section, for generating a continuously adjustable magnetic field;

The gas injection section includes a magnetic fluid deformable wall, the magnetic fluid deformable wall is provided with a magnetic fluid cavity, and the magnetic fluid cavity can be deformed, and a magnetic fluid is provided in the magnetic fluid cavity, and the hardness of the magnetic fluid can be The magnetic field strength of the magnetic field generated by the field generator can be varied, thereby changing the axial inner wall slope of the magnetic fluid deformation wall.

As a further preference, the hardening ability of the magnetic fluid is positively correlated with the magnetic induction of the magnetic field generated by the field generator, and the function of the hardening ability of the magnetic fluid and the magnetic induction is η=k(μ-1)H ² , Wherein η is the magnetic viscosity, the greater the magnetic viscosity, the greater the hardness, k is the proportionality coefficient, μ is the magnetic permeability of the magnetic fluid, and H is the magnetic field strength.

其中，S为空间中任意闭合曲线，J为通电线圈中电流密度，L为所述闭合曲线的边界。As a further preference, the field generator includes an electromagnetic coil, the electromagnetic coil is arranged in the magnetic fluid cavity, the electromagnetic coil can generate a continuously adjustable magnetic field according to the current density flowing inside, and the electromagnetic coil excites The function of the magnetic induction intensity of the magnetic field and the current density flowing through the electromagnetic coil is

Wherein, S is any closed curve in space, J is the current density in the energized coil, and L is the boundary of the closed curve.

I为电磁线圈中流经的电流，π为圆周率，r为电磁线圈的半径。As a further preference, the current density flowing through the electromagnetic coil is positively correlated with the current flowing through the electromagnetic coil, and its function is

I is the current flowing through the electromagnetic coil, π is the circumference ratio, and r is the radius of the electromagnetic coil.

As a further preference, there are multiple electromagnetic coils, and multiple electromagnetic coils are arranged in the gas injection section, and currents of different magnitudes can flow through each electromagnetic coil, so as to The ferrofluid is formed in successively different hardnesses.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a rail water jet continuous adjustable grinding method, which is realized by using the nozzle, including:

S1 starts the grinding vehicle, collects the rail surface image through the industrial camera, and sends the rail surface image to the grinding vehicle control center through the signal transmitter;

The control center of the S2 grinding car performs disease feature identification on the received rail surface image through an image processing algorithm to obtain rail disease feature data signals;

The S3 grinding car control center marks the position of the rail defect and determines the damage of the rail according to the rail defect characteristic data signal, and at the same time identifies the driving parameters of the grinding car and the grinding positioning parameters;

S4 The control center of the grinding car controls the automatic opening and closing of the nozzles of each drainage knife of the water jet grinding device after reaching the position of the disease according to the position of the rail defect, the driving parameters of the grinding car and the grinding positioning parameters. At the same time, when the nozzle is working, The control center of the grinding car controls the field generator on the nozzle to generate a continuously adjustable solidifying magnetic field according to the damage of the rail, and then changes the focus angle of the nozzle airflow to adapt to the working mode that is compatible with the rail damage, and then realizes the defect location. All targeted grinding and repair tasks for positional rail damage.

A rail water jet continuously adjustable grinding method, characterized in that the driving parameters of the grinding vehicle in step S3 include the driving speed of the grinding vehicle;

The grinding positioning parameters include the distance between the industrial camera and the center position of the first row knife of the frontmost water jet grinding device and the distance between two adjacent row knives of the water jet grinding device.

As further preferably, the completion of all the grinding and repairing tasks at the position of the disease described in step S4 also includes the following steps:

The S41 grinding vehicle control center calculates the time required for the first drainage knife of the water jet grinding device to reach the position of the disease according to the driving speed of the grinding vehicle and the distance between the industrial camera and the center position of the first water jet grinding device at the front, and controls the first water jet grinding device. A water knife automatically opens and closes the nozzle after reaching the location of the disease to complete the grinding task;

S42 Grinding vehicle control center calculates the time required for the second drainage knife to reach the disease after the completion of the first drainage knife grinding task according to the driving speed of the grinding vehicle and the distance between two adjacent drainage knives, and controls the second drainage knife to reach the location of the disease After that, the nozzle will be automatically opened and closed to complete the grinding task;

S43 and so on, the grinding control module of the grinding vehicle control center calculates the time required for each subsequent drainage knife to reach the disease in turn, and controls each subsequent drainage knife to automatically open and close the nozzle after reaching the position of the disease to complete the grinding task until the disease is completed All grinding repair tasks in the location.

Generally speaking, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution conceived by the present invention mainly has the following technical advantages:

1. The nozzle structure of the present invention, by introducing 6-15bar bypass high-pressure gas and modifying the outlet structure of the abrasive water jet nozzle, can increase the effective spraying distance of the abrasive water jet, focus the spraying energy, and effectively prevent the nozzle from breaking too close to the object Case.

2. In the present invention, when the distance between the object and the nozzle is small, the bypass high-pressure gas does not work; when the target distance continues to increase, it can be connected to an air compressor or a portable high-pressure gas cylinder, and the output pressure can be adjusted to achieve a focused abrasive water jet column The effect of improving the effective spraying target distance.

3. The present invention blows the residual sewage and fine cutting waste away from the workpiece by introducing bypass high-pressure gas, so as to realize air-drying of the surface of the workpiece after action and prevent the rust-prone workpiece from rusting.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a high-pressure air-assisted water jet nozzle related to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a partial enlarged view of the gas converging pipe and the gas injection section in Fig. 1;

3 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a high-pressure air-assisted water jet nozzle according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a gas injection section in a high-pressure air-assisted water jet nozzle according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In all the drawings, the same reference numerals represent the same technical features, specifically: 1-high-pressure water inlet, 2-jewel nozzle, 3-solid-liquid two-phase mixing chamber, 4-converging pipe, 5-solid abrasive channel , 6-bypass high-pressure gas inlet, 7-gas pipe channel, 8-sand pipe, 9-annular air pipe, 10-gas convergence outlet, 8-sand pipe, 9-annular air pipe, 101-gas converging pipe, 102- Gas injection section, 1021-magnetic fluid, 1022-electromagnetic coil.

Detailed ways

In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, not to limit the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not constitute a conflict with each other.

As shown in Figures 1 to 4, a high-pressure air-assisted water jet nozzle provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes: a nozzle structure body; The nozzle structure body is axially arranged; the solid abrasive channel 5 is arranged on the side wall of the nozzle structure body; the solid-liquid two-phase mixing chamber 3 is arranged in the nozzle structure body, and the solid-liquid two-phase mixing chamber 3 is connected to the nozzle structure body. The high-pressure water inlet 1 communicates with the solid abrasive channel 5; the sand pipe 8 is arranged at the lower part of the nozzle structure body, and the sand pipe 8 communicates with the solid-liquid two-phase mixing chamber 3; the high-pressure airflow module includes The air pipe passage 7, the annular air pipe 9 and the gas injection section 102 connected in sequence, the air pipe passage 7 is used to input the air flow of the specified pressure to the air injection section 102, and the air injection section 102 is used to adjust the air flow according to the grinding distance The focusing angle makes the abrasive sprayed by the sand tube 8 correct the direction of the jet flow under the restriction of the airflow.

A gas converging pipe 101 is also provided between the annular air pipe 9 and the gas injection section 102, the gas converging pipe 101 is a tapered structure, and the annular cross section of the annular air pipe 9 is larger than the gas injection section 102 circular section.

More specifically, in one embodiment of the present invention, the gas injection section 102 adjusts the focus point of the gas flow by adjusting its inner wall thickness, that is, the abrasive injected by the sand tube 8 corrects the direction of the jet flow under the restriction of the gas flow. For example, in one of the embodiments, the nozzle further includes a field generator, which is arranged in the gas injection section 102 for generating a continuously adjustable magnetic field; the gas injection section 102 includes a magnetic fluid deformation wall, and the magnetic fluid The deformation wall is provided with a magnetic fluid cavity, which can be deformed, and a magnetic fluid is provided in the magnetic fluid cavity, and the hardness of the magnetic fluid can change with the change of the magnetic field strength of the magnetic field generated by the field generator , thereby changing the inclination of the axial inner wall of the magnetic fluid deformation wall.

其中，S为空间中任意闭合曲线，J为通电线圈中电流密度，L为所述闭合曲线的边界。所述电磁线圈内流经的电流密度与所述电磁线圈内流经电流正相关，其函数为

I为电磁线圈中流经的电流，π为圆周率，r为电磁线圈的半径。In the above embodiment, the hardening ability of the magnetic fluid is positively correlated with the magnetic induction of the magnetic field generated by the field generator, and the function of the hardening ability of the magnetic fluid and the magnetic induction is η=k(μ-1)H ² , where η is the magnetic viscosity, the greater the magnetic viscosity, the greater the hardness, k is the proportionality coefficient, μ is the magnetic permeability of the magnetic fluid, and H is the magnetic field strength. The field generator includes an electromagnetic coil, the electromagnetic coil is arranged in the magnetic fluid cavity, and the electromagnetic coil can generate a continuously adjustable magnetic field according to the current density flowing inside, and the magnetic induction intensity of the magnetic field excited by the electromagnetic coil is the same as The function of the current density flowing through the electromagnetic coil is

Wherein, S is any closed curve in space, J is the current density in the energized coil, and L is the boundary of the closed curve. The current density flowing through the electromagnetic coil is positively correlated with the current flowing through the electromagnetic coil, and its function is

I is the current flowing through the electromagnetic coil, π is the circumference ratio, and r is the radius of the electromagnetic coil.

In one embodiment of the present invention, there are multiple electromagnetic coils, and multiple electromagnetic coils are arranged in the gas injection section 102, and currents of different magnitudes can flow through each electromagnetic coil, so as to The gas injection section 102 forms the magnetic fluid with continuously different hardness.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the nozzle includes a high-pressure water inlet 1, a jewel nozzle 2, a solid-liquid two-phase mixing chamber 3, a converging pipe 4, a solid abrasive channel 5, and a sand pipe 8; the bypass high-pressure auxiliary gas system includes a bypass It consists of a high-pressure gas inlet 6, a gas pipe passage 7, an annular air pipe 9, and a gas convergence outlet 10. The jewel nozzle 2 is set under the high-pressure water inlet 1, one end of the solid abrasive channel 5 is connected to the solid-liquid two-phase mixing chamber 3 from the side, the end of the solid-liquid two-phase mixing chamber 3 is connected to the converging pipe 4, and the top of the sand pipe 8 is connected to the converging pipe 4 connections. The high-pressure water flow enters the mixing chamber 3 at high speed after passing through the jewel nozzle 2, and the high-speed fluid entrains the solid abrasive in the solid abrasive channel 5, and fully mixes in the solid-liquid two-phase mixing chamber 3, and the solid-liquid two-phase flow passes through the converging pipe 4 and the sand pipe 8 Accelerates and shoots. The bypass high-pressure gas inlet 6 is reserved with bolt holes and threads, and can be connected to a compressed air machine or a portable high-pressure gas cylinder when in use. The end of the bypass high-pressure gas inlet 6 is connected to the trachea channel 7, and the trachea channel 7 is connected to the annular air tube 9 Connect, connect the gas converging outlet 10 at the end of the air pipe 9 in the ring. When the target distance is far away, the solid-liquid two-phase flow is ejected from the sand tube 8, but in the development stage of ejection, the jet column will continue to spread around, so a cylindrical hollow high-pressure gas wall is added around it to focus Solid-liquid two-phase flow energy.

The nozzle of the present invention is installed on a rail water jet grinding system based on visual positioning, and the system includes a grinding vehicle running guide module, a grinding vehicle power module, a water jet grinding module and an intelligent positioning module arranged on the water jet grinding vehicle; The driving guide module of the grinding vehicle includes the control center of the grinding vehicle, the driver's seat and the electric control cabinet of the cab; the control center of the grinding vehicle includes a signal receiving module, an image processing algorithm module, a rail defect marking module, a parameter setting and identification module and a grinding control module; the signal receiving module is used to receive the rail surface image data collected and sent by the intelligent positioning module; the image processing algorithm module is used to perform disease characteristics on the rail surface image data received by the signal receiving module Identify and obtain rail defect characteristic data signals; the rail defect marking module is used to mark the location of the rail defect; the parameter setting and identification module is used to set and identify grinding car driving parameters and grinding positioning parameters; the grinding control The module is used to control the water jet grinding module to perform grinding tasks, including controlling the automatic opening and closing of the grinding water jet and controlling the nozzles to adjust different calibers; the driving parameters of the grinding vehicle include the speed of the grinding vehicle; the grinding positioning parameters include The distance between the industrial camera and the center position of the first row knife of the frontmost water jet grinding device and the distance between the adjacent two row knives of the water jet grinding device; the intelligent positioning module is arranged at the front end of the water jet grinding module, and There is a gap between them; the intelligent positioning module is used to collect the rail surface image in advance, and the rail surface image is transmitted to the grinding vehicle control center; the grinding vehicle control center is installed according to the position parameters, water level The arrangement position of the water jet of the jet grinding module and the driving speed of the grinding vehicle control the opening and closing time of each drainage knife nozzle and the focus point of the nozzle airflow on the water jet grinding module, so as to complete the grinding task of each water jet and realize the precise grinding of the rail. Precise control.

The water jet grinding vehicle includes a bogie running on the rail to be polished, a vehicle frame mounted on the bogie, and a vehicle body mounted on the frame; room, the first machine room and the second machine room; the cab electric control cabinet is used to control the power supply of the grinding car; the grinding car control center, the driver's seat and the cab electric control cabinet are all located in inside the cab. The power module of the grinding vehicle includes a diesel engine, a generator set, a gearbox, a cooling unit, a power system control cabinet, a battery, and a diesel tank; the diesel engine is used to provide power for the grinding vehicle; the generator set is used to provide power for the grinding vehicle. Continuous power; the gearbox is used to provide different power outputs for the generator set; the cooling unit is used to prevent the power system from overheating; the power system control cabinet is used to control the power system; the battery is used to store electricity The diesel tank is used to store fuel; the diesel engine, the generator set, the gearbox, the cooling unit, and the power system control cabinet are all located in the first machine room; the battery, The diesel tank is arranged on the vehicle frame. The water jet polishing module includes an air compressor, a filter, an abrasive tank, a vacuum pump, a booster pump, a water tank and a water jet grinding device; the abrasive tank is used to store the abrasive required for water jet grinding; the filter and the abrasive The tank is connected to filter out unqualified abrasives; abrasive pipelines are arranged between the air compressor and the abrasive tank, and between the abrasive tank and the water jet polishing device; the air compressor The machine is used to provide high-pressure air for the abrasive pipeline, to provide power for the air brake of the grinding vehicle, and to provide power for abrasive transmission for the water jet grinding device; the water tank is used to store water; the water tank, the booster pump, The water jet grinding devices are sequentially connected with water pipelines; the vacuum pump is connected to the booster pump, the booster pump is connected to the water tank, and the water tank is connected to the water jet grinding device. The vacuum pump provides the vacuum degree in the water pipeline, and the water in the water tank is pressurized by the booster pump. After the booster pump, the water pressure can reach above Mpa and is mixed with the abrasive poured out of the abrasive to The rail is polished; the air compressor, the filter, the abrasive pot, the vacuum pump, the booster pump, and the water tank are all arranged in the second machine room. The water jet grinding device includes multiple drainage knives arranged side by side; the cutting angles of each drainage knife are different, and are used to polish different positions of the rail respectively; the all-round repair of the rail is completed by grinding the multiple drainage knives in sequence; Each water jet of the water jet grinding device is equipped with a nozzle.

In the present invention, the hardening ability of the magnetic fluid is positively correlated with the magnetic induction of the magnetic field generated by the field generator, and the function of the hardening ability of the magnetic fluid and the magnetic induction is η=k(μ-1)H ² , where η is the magnetic field of the magnetic fluid Viscosity, the greater the magnetic viscosity, the greater the hardness, k is the proportional coefficient, μ is the relative permeability of the magnetic fluid, and H is the magnetic field strength. It can be seen from the above function that the gas injection section 102 of the present invention changes the hardness of the magnetic fluid, thereby changing the thickness of the inner wall of the gas injection section 102 in the axial direction, and then adjusting the inclination angle of the inner wall in the axial direction, and then adjusting the focusing angle of the airflow. In order to realize the adjustment of the abrasive spraying distance, and reduce the splashing of the abrasive during the grinding process.

Of course, in order to realize the transformation of the inclination angle of the inner wall of the gas injection section 102 along the axial direction in the present invention, in another embodiment, the gas injection section 102 is made of magnetostrictive materials, and the outer circumference of the gas injection section 102 is along the axial direction. Coils are sheathed, and by applying different currents to the coils, the magnetostrictive material undergoes axial expansion and contraction deformation, that is, deformation occurs in the radial direction, and different currents provide different magnetic fields, so that the gas injection section 102 undergoes different deformations. More specifically, in this application, in the axial direction, the thickness of the magnetostrictive material decreases successively from top to bottom. In this way, the deformation that occurs from top to bottom also decreases successively, thereby adjusting the inner wall of the gas injection section 102. the cone angle. Of course, before the nozzle is used, it is necessary to adjust the orientation of the magnetostrictive material, so that the magnetostrictive material undergoes directional deformation under the action of a magnetic field.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, there is also provided a rail water jet continuously adjustable grinding method, which integrates the above-mentioned nozzles, including:

S1 starts the grinding vehicle, collects the rail surface image through the industrial camera, and sends the rail surface image to the grinding vehicle control center through the signal transmitter;

The control center of the S2 grinding car performs disease feature identification on the received rail surface image through an image processing algorithm to obtain rail disease feature data signals;

The S3 grinding car control center marks the position of the rail defect and determines the damage of the rail according to the rail defect characteristic data signal, and at the same time identifies the driving parameters of the grinding car and the grinding positioning parameters;

S4 The control center of the grinding car controls the automatic opening and closing of the nozzles of each drainage knife of the water jet grinding device after reaching the position of the disease according to the position of the rail defect, the driving parameters of the grinding car and the grinding positioning parameters. At the same time, when the nozzle is working, The control center of the grinding car controls the field generator on the nozzle to generate a continuously adjustable solidifying magnetic field according to the damage of the rail, and then changes the focus angle of the nozzle airflow to adapt to the working mode that is compatible with the rail damage, and then realizes the defect location. All targeted grinding and repair tasks for positional rail damage.

Wherein, the grinding vehicle running parameters in step S3 include the speed of the grinding vehicle;

The grinding positioning parameters include the distance between the industrial camera and the center position of the first row knife of the frontmost water jet grinding device and the distance between two adjacent row knives of the water jet grinding device.

Further, the completion of all the grinding and repairing tasks at the location of the disease described in step S4 also includes the following steps:

The S41 grinding vehicle control center calculates the time required for the first drainage knife of the water jet grinding device to reach the position of the disease according to the driving speed of the grinding vehicle and the distance between the industrial camera and the center position of the first water jet grinding device at the front, and controls the first water jet grinding device. A water knife automatically opens and closes the nozzle after reaching the location of the disease to complete the grinding task;

S42 Grinding vehicle control center calculates the time required for the second drainage knife to reach the disease after the completion of the first drainage knife grinding task according to the driving speed of the grinding vehicle and the distance between two adjacent drainage knives, and controls the second drainage knife to reach the location of the disease After that, the nozzle will be automatically opened and closed to complete the grinding task;

S43 and so on, the grinding control module of the grinding vehicle control center calculates the time required for each subsequent drainage knife to reach the disease in turn, and controls each subsequent drainage knife to automatically open and close the nozzle after reaching the position of the disease to complete the grinding task until the disease is completed All grinding repair tasks in the location.

It is easy for those skilled in the art to understand that the above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention, All should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A high-pressure airflow assisted water jet nozzle, characterized in that, comprising: Nozzle structure body; The high-pressure water inlet (1) is located on the upper part of the nozzle structure body and is arranged axially along the nozzle structure body; The solid abrasive channel (5) is arranged on the side wall of the nozzle structure body; A solid-liquid two-phase mixing chamber (3) is provided in the nozzle structure body, and the solid-liquid two-phase mixing chamber (3) communicates with the high-pressure water inlet (1) and the solid abrasive channel (5); A sand pipe (8) is arranged at the lower part of the nozzle structure body, and the sand pipe (8) communicates with the solid-liquid two-phase mixing chamber (3); The high-pressure airflow module includes a trachea channel (7), an annular air tube (9) and a gas injection section (102) connected in sequence, and the trachea channel (7) is used to input the airflow of a specified air pressure to the gas injection section (102 ), the gas injection section (102) is used to adjust the focus angle of the airflow according to the grinding distance, so that the abrasive injected by the sand tube (8) corrects the direction of the jet flow under the restriction of the airflow. 2. A high-pressure airflow assisted water jet nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that, a gas converging pipe (101) is also provided between the annular hollow air pipe (9) and the gas injection section (102) , the gas converging pipe (101) is a tapered structure, and the annular section of the air pipe (9) in the ring is larger than the annular section of the gas injection section (102). 3. A kind of high-pressure airflow assisted water jet nozzle according to claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprises field generator, is located at described gas injection section (102), is used for generating continuously adjustable magnetic field; The gas injection section (102) includes a magnetic fluid deformation wall, the magnetic fluid deformation wall is provided with a magnetic fluid cavity, and the magnetic fluid cavity can be deformed, and a magnetic fluid is provided in the magnetic fluid cavity, and the magnetic fluid The hardness of the magnetic field generator can change with the change of the magnetic field strength of the magnetic field generated by the field generator, thereby changing the axial inner wall slope of the magnetic fluid deformation wall. 4. A kind of high-pressure airflow assisted water jet nozzle according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, the hardening ability of described magnetic fluid is positively correlated with the magnetic induction intensity of described field generator to generate magnetic field, and described magnetic fluid hardening ability and The function of the magnetic field induction intensity is η=k(μ-1)H ² , where η is the magnetic viscosity, the greater the magnetic viscosity, the greater the hardness, k is the proportional coefficient, μ is the magnetic permeability of the magnetic fluid, H is the magnetic field strength. 5. A kind of high-pressure airflow assisted water jet nozzle according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, described field generator comprises electromagnetic coil, and described electromagnetic coil is arranged in described magnetic fluid chamber, and described electromagnetic coil can be according to internal The current density flowing through generates a continuously adjustable magnetic field, and the function of the magnetic induction intensity of the magnetic field excited by the electromagnetic coil and the current density flowing through the electromagnetic coil is:

Wherein, S is any closed curve in space, J is the current density in the energized coil, and L is the boundary of the closed curve. 6. A kind of high-pressure air-flow assisted water jet nozzle according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, the current density flowing through in the described electromagnetic coil is positively correlated with the current flowing through the described electromagnetic coil, its function is

I is the current flowing through the electromagnetic coil, π is the circumference ratio, and r is the radius of the electromagnetic coil. 7. A kind of high-pressure airflow assisted water jet nozzle according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, described electromagnetic coil is provided with a plurality of, and a plurality of described electromagnetic coils are arranged in described gas injection section (102), each Currents of different magnitudes can flow through the electromagnetic coil, so as to form the magnetic fluid with continuously different hardness in the gas injection section (102). 8. A rail water jet continuous adjustable grinding method, which is realized by using the nozzle according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that it comprises: S1 starts the grinding vehicle, collects the rail surface image through the industrial camera, and sends the rail surface image to the grinding vehicle control center through the signal transmitter; The control center of the S2 grinding car performs disease feature identification on the received rail surface image through an image processing algorithm to obtain rail disease feature data signals; The S3 grinding car control center marks the position of the rail defect and determines the damage of the rail according to the rail defect characteristic data signal, and at the same time identifies the driving parameters of the grinding car and the grinding positioning parameters; S4 The control center of the grinding car controls the automatic opening and closing of the nozzles of each drainage knife of the water jet grinding device after reaching the position of the disease according to the position of the rail defect, the driving parameters of the grinding car and the grinding positioning parameters. At the same time, when the nozzle is working, The control center of the grinding car controls the field generator on the nozzle to generate a continuously adjustable solidifying magnetic field according to the damage of the rail, and then changes the focus angle of the nozzle airflow to adapt to the working mode that is compatible with the rail damage, and then realizes the defect location. All targeted grinding and repair tasks for positional rail damage. 9. A rail water jet continuous adjustable grinding method according to claim 8, characterized in that, the driving parameters of the grinding vehicle in step S3 include the running speed of the grinding vehicle; The grinding positioning parameters include the distance between the industrial camera and the center position of the first row knife of the frontmost water jet grinding device and the distance between two adjacent row knives of the water jet grinding device. 10. A kind of rail water jet continuous adjustable grinding method according to claim 8, characterized in that, the completion of all grinding repair tasks at the location of the disease described in step S4 also includes the following steps: The S41 grinding vehicle control center calculates the time required for the first drainage knife of the water jet grinding device to reach the position of the disease according to the driving speed of the grinding vehicle and the distance between the industrial camera and the center position of the first water jet grinding device at the front, and controls the first water jet grinding device. A water knife automatically opens and closes the nozzle after reaching the location of the disease to complete the grinding task; S42 Grinding vehicle control center calculates the time required for the second drainage knife to reach the disease after the completion of the first drainage knife grinding task according to the driving speed of the grinding vehicle and the distance between two adjacent drainage knives, and controls the second drainage knife to reach the location of the disease After that, the nozzle will be automatically opened and closed to complete the grinding task; S43 and so on, the grinding control module of the grinding vehicle control center calculates the time required for each subsequent drainage knife to reach the disease in turn, and controls each subsequent drainage knife to automatically open and close the nozzle after reaching the position of the disease to complete the grinding task until the disease is completed All grinding repair tasks in the location.

Images