CN115791402B - Multidirectional coupling visualized pile anchor loading device and pile anchor loading method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-directional coupling visualized pile anchor loading device and a pile anchor loading method, which include a model box component, a lateral pressure component, a multi-directional coupling guide rail component and a vertical loading component. The beneficial effects of the present invention are: through the deformation panel and the lateral pressure device, the soil inside the model is pressurized with different gradients of stress and the lateral earth pressure in the corresponding area is measured; by adjusting the two semi-ring reaction frames and the conduit connecting the motor at the bottom, so that the loading direction can be in any direction along the spherical surface of the upper half of the test chamber, so that the position of the motor can be adjusted arbitrarily within the hemispheric space, and the components can be pulled out in different positions and directions; the loading plate is provided with With multiple hole positions, in addition to the traditional pull-out test of a single component, the interaction between group anchors and piles during the pull-out process can also be studied; it combines multiple advantages such as multi-function and displacement visualization, which greatly Speeded up the testing process.

Description

A multi-directional coupled visual pile and anchor loading device and pile and anchor loading method

Technical field

The invention relates to a pile anchor loading device, specifically a multi-directional coupling visualized pile anchor loading device and a pile anchor loading method, and belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering experimental devices.

Background technique

With the continuous advancement of urban development, anchor (cable) support and pile support technology are widely used in foundation pit projects and slope support projects. At present, research on anchor and pile support includes field tests, indoor model tests, numerical simulations and other methods. Compared with field experiments, indoor model tests have the advantages of easy operation and low cost. They can accurately reveal the interaction mechanism between the structure and the surrounding soil and provide theoretical reference for actual projects.

In order to clarify the anchoring effect, floating resistance, and pull-out resistance of anchor rods (cables) and piles, researchers often test anchor/pile structures of different sizes and types in different soil types, soil density, and burial conditions. Research in depth. However, traditional test chambers have many shortcomings. They cannot display the movement trajectories of components and surrounding soil particles during the loading process, cannot conduct visual tests, and cannot intuitively reveal the interaction mechanism between pull-out components and soil. The force exerted on the component is in a single direction, and the external force exerted on the component is often only in the vertical or horizontal direction. It is impossible to effectively apply the force in the appropriate direction to the component in the model experiment based on actual engineering; it is impossible to carry out pull-out tests in saturated soil and often requires Additional devices assist the test; in addition, traditional pull-out boxes mostly test single components, but in actual projects, especially anchor rods and anti-floating piles are often arranged densely, resulting in mutual influence, so in the pull-out box During the pull-out process, the ultimate bearing capacity of the component is affected.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a multi-directional coupled visual pile anchor loading device and a pile anchor loading method in order to solve at least one of the above technical problems, which can truly realize the visualization and loading direction of the interaction between the anchor structure, the pile structure, etc. and the soil. , the methods are diversified and suitable for research problems such as different types of soil, and it overcomes the shortcomings of single function of previous test devices. It has the advantages of multi-function and easy operation, and can save a lot of manpower, material and financial resources.

The present invention achieves the above objects through the following technical solutions: a multi-directional coupling visual pile anchor loading device, including a model box component, a lateral pressure component, a multi-directional coupling guide rail component and a vertical loading component.

Among them, the model box assembly is located at the bottom end of the pile anchor loading device, and it includes a square-shaped test box composed of five front, rear, left, right, and bottom panels. The front panel of the test box is slotted. A plexiglass plate is installed everywhere and reinforced with four anti-deformation fixed steel plates; the right side panel of the test box is a deformable panel; the left side panel of the test box is composed of a number of channel steels, and the channel steel is fastened by a number of The screw is connected to the box; the back panel of the test box is equipped with a U-shaped water level indicator and a sand unloading door; the upper horizontal edge of the sand unloading door is hinged with the upper side of the slot opened on the back panel of the test box Rotating connection, the two vertical sides and the lower horizontal side of the sand discharge door are fixedly connected to the sides of the through slot opened on the back panel of the test box through the inserting plate, and the bottom plate of the test box is equipped with four universal wheels;

The lateral pressurizing assembly is arranged outside the right side panel of the test box, used to pressurize the right side panel of the test box, and includes a load-bearing panel arranged parallel to the right side panel of the test box, Loading device and loading panel, the bottom end of the load-bearing panel is supported by a support, the bottom end of the loading device is evenly arranged and fixed on the inner side of the load-bearing panel, and the front end of the telescopic rod of the loading device is evenly spaced. A loading panel is connected to the right panel of the test chamber;

The multi-directional coupling guide rail assembly is arranged above the test chamber and includes a semi-annular reaction frame with fixed ends and a semi-annular reaction frame with free ends. The semi-annular reaction frame with fixed ends The force frame and the semi-ring type reaction frame with free ends are arranged in a cross shape, and the two ends of the semi-ring type reaction frame with fixed ends are fixed to the upper middle position of the front and rear panels of the test chamber through bolts; the ends The two ends of the free semi-annular reaction frame are rotationally connected to the upper middle position of the left and right panels of the test chamber through bearings;

The vertical loading assembly is used to provide vertical loading force and is installed on the multi-directional coupling guide rail assembly, and includes a loading plate for connecting components, a motor for providing pull-out force, and a motor for driving the position adjustment of the loading plate. The slide rail is engaged in the grooves opened on both sides of the semi-ring reaction frame with free ends. The lower part of the slide rail is connected to a splint through a conduit. The splint is connected to the motor through a dynamometer. The tail ends are connected, and the front end of the motor is connected to the center of the loading plate. The loading plate is provided with a number of jacks, and the slide rail is rotatably connected to a wheel axle stuck in the groove.

As a further solution of the present invention: the connection between the organic glass plate embedded in the front panel of the test chamber and the box body and the connection between the sand discharge door on the rear panel and the box body are provided with sealing tapes.

As a further solution of the present invention: the front panel of the test box is provided with an anti-deformation fixed steel plate on the four sides of the plexiglass plate to prevent the plexiglass plate from breaking or detaching from the test box during the test.

As a further solution of the present invention: during the test process, the inserting plates of the sand discharge door are all in an inserted state to prevent leakage of the soil in the test box during the test process.

As a further solution of the present invention: laser range finders are provided above the four top corners of the test box, magnetic bases are respectively installed at the four top corners of the test box, and the laser range finder The instrument is connected to the magnetic base through an adjustable hose.

As a further solution of the present invention: the middle part of the semi-annular reaction frame with free ends is provided with a through surface with the same cross-sectional size as the semi-annular reaction frame with fixed ends, so that the semi-annular reaction frame with free ends is The force frame can perform sweeping motion through the axle along the semi-annular reaction frame fixed at the end.

As a further solution of the present invention: there are several sets of holes for passing positioning pins in the grooves of the semi-annular reaction frame with free ends and on the semi-annular reaction frame with fixed ends. Locating holes.

A multi-directional coupled visual pile and anchor loading device, the pile and anchor loading method includes the following steps:

Step 1. Fill a certain amount of soil into the test box, add an appropriate amount of water to form a simulated test soil, and insert the anchor rod or pile to be tested into the hole opened on the loading plate;

Step 2: According to the needs of the test loading direction, the position of the semi-ring reaction frame with free ends can be adjusted relative to the semi-ring reaction frame with fixed ends, and the semi-ring reaction frame with free ends can be adjusted through the positioning pin. The force frame is connected and fixed with the semi-annular reaction frame with fixed ends to achieve the purpose of changing the loading direction;

Step 3: Change the position of the splint by adjusting the length of the conduit, thereby changing the position of the motor and loading plate; at the same time, according to the needs of the loading conditions, the free half of the vertical loading assembly at the end can be changed through the axle and slide rail. The position of the annular reaction frame is fixed with positioning pins through the positioning holes inside the grooves on the multi-directional coupling guide rail assembly to achieve the purpose of changing the loading direction and loading position;

Step 4. During the test, the loading device moves simultaneously or in groups, thereby driving the loading panel to exert overall pressure on the right deformation panel of the test chamber. When they move in a row or a column in groups, the right side of the test chamber The side deformation panel can be locally pressed to exert different confining pressures on soil at different heights, and the settlement changes on the soil surface during the entire test can be observed through an adjustable laser rangefinder.

The beneficial effects of the invention are: it can realize the movement of the box and facilitate the relocation of the device; unload the filler through the sand unloading door on the rear panel of the test box, making the test process simpler and the operable space larger; through the deformation panel and lateral The pressurizing device controls the stress pressure of the soil inside the model at different gradients and measures the lateral earth pressure in the corresponding area. The control is more precise and the mode is more flexible and diverse; by adjusting the two semi-annular reaction frames and The conduit connected to the motor at the bottom allows the loading direction to be in any direction along the spherical surface of the upper half of the test chamber, and the position of the motor can be adjusted arbitrarily within the hemispheric space, so that components can be pulled out in different positions and directions; the loading plate There are multiple hole positions. In addition to the traditional pull-out test of a single component, the interaction between group anchors and piles during the pull-out process can also be studied. A U-shaped water level indicator is installed to observe the test chamber. The saturated state of the inner soil can be used to conduct model tests of saturated soil; the settlement changes of the soil surface during the entire test can be observed through an adjustable and unknown laser rangefinder; it combines multiple advantages such as multi-function and displacement visualization. Moreover, the operation difficulty is low, the waste of resources is reduced, and the test process is greatly accelerated.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a schematic three-dimensional front view of the structure of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a three-dimensional side structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

Figure 3 is a schematic plan view of the structure of the present invention;

Figure 4 is a plan side structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

Figure 5 is a schematic plan view of the structure of the present invention;

Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the multi-directional coupling guide rail assembly of the present invention;

Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the vertical loading assembly of the present invention;

Figure 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the lateral loading assembly of the present invention;

Figure 9 is a schematic structural diagram of the adjustable laser rangefinder of the present invention.

In the picture: 1. Test chamber, 2. Plexiglas plate, 3. Support, 4. Load-bearing panel, 5. Loading device, 6. Bolts, 7. End-fixed semi-ring reaction frame, 8. Magnetic Suction base, 9. Motor, 10. Adjustable hose, 11. Groove, 12. Laser range finder, 13. Semi-ring reaction frame with free end, 14. Channel steel, 15. Bearing, 16. Sand unloading door, 17. Loading plate, 18. Dynamometer, 19. Plywood, 20. Conduit, 21. Positioning pin, 22. Plate, 23. U-shaped water level indicator, 24. Hinge, 25. Loading panel , 26. Universal wheel, 27. Axle, 28. Slide rail.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Embodiment 1

As shown in Figures 1 to 9, a multi-directional coupling displacement visualization pile anchor loading device includes

The model box assembly is located at the bottom end of the displacement visualization pile anchor loading device, and includes a square-shaped test box 1 composed of five front, rear, left, right and bottom panels. The test box 1 A plexiglass plate 2 is installed at the slot of the front panel and reinforced with four anti-deformation fixed steel plates; the right side panel of the test box 1 is a deformable panel; the left side panel of the test box 1 is made of a number of channel steels 14 It consists of a channel steel 14 connected to the box body through a number of fastening screws; the back panel of the test chamber 1 is equipped with a U-shaped water level indicator 23 and a sand discharge door 16; the upper transverse edge of the sand discharge door 16 is hinged 24 is rotatably connected to the upper side of the through slot opened on the back panel of the test chamber 1. The vertical edges and lower horizontal edges on both sides of the sand discharge door 16 are connected to the sides of the through slot opened on the back panel of the test chamber 1 through the inserting plate 22. The sides are fixedly connected, and the bottom plate of the test chamber 1 is equipped with four universal wheels 26;

A lateral pressurizing assembly, which is arranged outside the right side panel of the test box 1 and is used to pressurize the right side panel of the test box 1. The load-bearing panel 4, the loading device 5 and the loading panel 25, the bottom end of the load-bearing panel 4 is supported by the support 3, and the bottom end of the load-bearing device 5 is fixed inside the load-bearing panel 4 in a uniform arrangement. side, and the front end of the telescopic rod of the loading device 5 is connected with a loading panel 25 against the right side panel of the test chamber 1;

A multi-directional coupling guide rail assembly is arranged above the test chamber 1 and includes a semi-annular reaction frame 7 with fixed ends and a semi-annular reaction frame 13 with free ends. The semi-ring reaction frame 7 and the semi-ring reaction frame 13 with free ends are arranged in a cross shape. Both ends of the semi-ring reaction frame 7 with fixed ends are fixed to the front and rear panels of the test chamber 1 through bolts 6 The upper middle position of the upper middle position; the two ends of the free-end semi-annular reaction frame 13 are rotationally connected to the upper middle position of the left and right panels of the test chamber 1 through bearings 15;

The vertical loading assembly is used to provide vertical loading force and is installed on the multi-directional coupling guide rail assembly. It includes a loading plate 17 for connecting components, a motor 9 for providing pulling force, and a driving loading plate. 17 position-adjustable slide rail 28. The slide rail 28 is engaged in the grooves 11 opened on both sides of the semi-ring reaction frame 13 with free ends. A splint 19 is connected to the bottom of the slide rail 28 through a conduit 20. , the splint 19 is connected to the rear end of the motor 9 through the dynamometer 18, and the front end of the motor 9 is connected to the center of the loading plate 17. There are several jacks on the loading plate 17, and the slide rail 28 is rotatably connected with an axle 27 that is stuck in the groove 11 .

Embodiment 2

As shown in Figures 1 to 9, in addition to all the technical features in Embodiment 1, this embodiment also includes:

The connection between the plexiglass plate 2 embedded in the front panel of the test chamber 1 and the box body and the connection between the sand discharge door 16 on the rear panel and the box body are all provided with sealing tapes, and the sealing tapes are used for waterproofing to ensure that during the test The water injected into the box will not leak.

The front panel of the test chamber 1 is provided with an anti-deformation fixed steel plate on the four sides of the organic glass plate 2 to prevent the organic glass plate 2 from deforming due to the influence of soil and load during the test process.

During the test, the insert plates 22 of the sand discharge door 16 are all in an inserted state to prevent leakage of the soil in the test box 1 during the test.

Laser range finders 12 are provided above the four top corners of the test box 1. Magnetic bases 8 are installed at the four top corners of the test box 1, and the laser range finders 12 can pass through. The adjustable hose 10 is connected to the magnetic base 8. During the test, the position of the laser rangefinder 12 can be adjusted with the adjustable hose 10 as needed to observe the position of the soil.

The semi-annular reaction frame 13 with free ends has a through-surface in the middle with the same cross-sectional dimensions as the semi-annular reaction frame 7 with fixed ends, so that the semi-annular reaction frame 13 with free ends can pass through the wheel axle 27 makes a sweeping motion along the semi-annular reaction frame 7 with its end fixed.

Several sets of positioning holes for passing the positioning pins 8 are provided in the groove 11 of the free-end semi-ring reaction frame 13 and on the fixed-end semi-ring reaction frame 7 .

Embodiment 3

A multi-directional coupling displacement visualization pile anchor loading device, the pile anchor loading method includes the following steps:

Step 1: First fill a certain amount of soil into the test box 1, and add an appropriate amount of water to form a simulated test soil in the test box 1, and place the anchor rod or pile to be tested on the loading plate. 17 inside the socket;

Step 2: According to the needs of the test loading direction, the position of the semi-ring reaction frame 13 with free ends can be adjusted relative to the semi-ring reaction frame 7 with fixed ends, and the half-ring reaction frame 13 with free ends can be moved through the positioning pin 21. The annular reaction frame 13 is connected and fixed with the semi-annular reaction frame 7 whose end is fixed to achieve the purpose of changing the loading direction;

Step 3: Change the position of the splint 19 by adjusting the length of the conduit 20, thereby changing the positions of the motor 9 and the loading plate 17; at the same time, according to the needs of the loading conditions, the vertical loading assembly can be changed through the axle 27 and the slide rail 28 At the position of the semi-annular reaction frame 13 with free ends, it is fixed with the positioning pin 21 through the positioning hole inside the groove 11 on the multi-directional coupling guide rail assembly to achieve the purpose of changing the loading direction and loading position;

Step 4. During the test, the loading device 5 can be moved simultaneously or in groups, thereby driving the loading panel 25 to exert overall pressure on the right deformation panel of the test chamber 1. When they move in a row or in a column, The right deformation panel of the test chamber 1 can be partially pressurized to apply gradient pressure to the soil at different depths, and the settlement changes on the soil surface during the entire test are observed through the adjustable laser rangefinder 12 .

Embodiment 1 provides a multi-directional coupling displacement visualization pile anchor loading device, which can realize displacement visualization in the entire process when loading. Taking the study of anchors in transparent soil (mixed from mineral oil and silica powder, with engineering properties similar to natural clay) as an example, in order to visualize the displacement, the transparent soil is laid in layers, and landmarks are laid between the soil layers. For particles, a white polyethylene sheet is placed on the back panel of the model box to facilitate observation of displacement changes of soil particles. The pull-out test of the anchor rod can be carried out through the dowel rod. At the same time, a SLR camera is used to take interval shots to obtain images of the anchor rod during the entire pulling process, and the particle image testing technology (PIV) is used to process and analyze the images. The soil shear strain field and displacement field around the anchor rod were used to reveal the soil-anchor interaction mechanism, and the effects of density and conversion depth on the pile anchor structure were studied.

Embodiment 4

A multi-directional coupling displacement visualization pile anchor loading device is an optimized solution based on the first embodiment. Taking the anchor plate as an example, when studying the load-bearing mechanism of anchor plates with different burial depths, the lateral pressure device can perform stress compression at different gradients to simulate the different stress environments of the anchor plate structure. According to the model The experimental similarity ratio is equivalent to the stress state at different embedding depths, thus truly reflecting the load-bearing characteristics of the anchor plate at different embedding depths.

Embodiment 5

A multi-directional coupling displacement visualization pile anchor loading device. Taking the project using anchor support in the foundation pit as an example, when studying the pull-out resistance mechanism of the anchor embedded at a certain tilt angle, through the multi-directional coupling guide rail device and The guide rails, grooves, axles, bolts and positioning pins on the loading device change the position of the motor in the spherical space above the model box, thereby truly reflecting the pull-out characteristics of the anchor under different pulling directions.

Embodiment 6

A multi-directional coupling displacement visualization pile anchor loading device. Taking the discussion of the interaction mechanism between pile groups as an example, the pile position setting between pile groups is adjusted according to the spacing of the holes on the loading plate. Based on the pull-out test of the pile group, it is obtained By studying the pull-out force-displacement relationship curve and analyzing the interaction between the pile groups, the pile group effect is studied.

Embodiment 7

A multi-directional coupling displacement visualization pile anchor loading device. Taking the discussion of the impact of the pile on the soil surrounding the pile during the pull-out test as an example, the laser rangefinder installed at the four top corners of the model box can obtain the results of the pile-out test. During the whole process, the relationship between the settlement of the soil around the pile and the displacement of the pile was studied, and the interaction between the pile and soil was studied.

Embodiment 8

A multi-directional coupling displacement visualization pile anchor loading device is an optimized solution based on Embodiment 1 to Embodiment 5. The multi-directional coupled displacement visualization pile-anchor structure multifunctional model test chamber provided in Embodiments 1 to 5 also includes a drainage system. The model box is waterproofed. Embodiments 1 to 5 provide a multifunctional test device for pile and anchor structures with displacement visualization, which can conduct structural loading tests under saturated soil and seepage conditions through water injection. The U-shaped water level indicator can be used to reflect whether the soil is saturated. At the same time, the performance of the structure under different water levels can also be studied. By adjusting the water injection volume of the test chamber and observing the water level changes shown by the U-shaped water level indicator, the water level changes can be truly simulated.

Working principle: It can truly realize the visualization of the interaction between anchor structures, piles and other structures and soil. It has diversified loading directions and methods and is suitable for research problems such as different types of soil. It also overcomes the shortcomings of single function of previous test devices.

It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above-described exemplary embodiments, and the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be regarded as illustrative and non-restrictive from any point of view, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description, and it is therefore intended that all claims falling within the claims All changes within the meaning and scope of equivalent elements are included in the present invention. Any reference signs in the claims shall not be construed as limiting the claim in question.

In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described in terms of implementations, not each implementation only contains an independent technical solution. This description of the specification is only for the sake of clarity, and those skilled in the art should take the specification as a whole. , the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other implementations that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims (2)

1. A multi-directional coupled visual pile and anchor loading device, characterized in that: it includes a model box assembly, located at the bottom end of the pile and anchor loading device, and it includes five blocks: front, rear, left, right, and bottom. A square-shaped test box (1) formed by splicing panels; the right side panel of the test box (1) is a deformable panel; the left side panel of the test box (1) is composed of a number of channel steels (14). (14) Connected to the box through a number of fastening screws; the back panel of the test box (1) is equipped with a U-shaped water level indicator (23) and a sand discharge door (16); the sand discharge door (16) The upper horizontal edge is rotatably connected to the upper side of the through slot opened in the back panel of the test chamber (1) through the hinge (24), and the two vertical edges and the lower horizontal edge of the sand discharge door (16) are both connected through the insert plate ( 22) Fixedly connected to the side of the through slot opened on the back panel of the test box (1), the bottom plate of the test box (1) is equipped with four universal wheels (26); A lateral pressurizing assembly is provided outside the right side panel of the test box (1) and is used to pressurize the right side panel of the test box (1). The side panels have a load-bearing panel (4), a loading device (5) and a loading panel (25) arranged in parallel. The bottom end of the load-bearing panel (4) is supported by a support (3), and the loading device (25) 5) are evenly arranged on the inner side of the load-bearing panel (4), and the front ends of the telescopic rods of the loading device (5) are connected with a loading panel (25) against the right side of the test chamber (1) side panels; The multi-directional coupling guide rail assembly is arranged above the test chamber (1), and includes a semi-ring reaction frame (7) with fixed ends and a semi-ring reaction frame (13) with free ends, so The semi-annular reaction frame (7) with fixed ends and the semi-annular reaction frame (13) with free ends are arranged in a cross shape, and the two ends of the semi-annular reaction frame (7) with fixed ends are arranged in a cross shape. The end is fixed to the upper middle position of the front and rear panels of the test box (1) through bolts (6); the two ends of the semi-ring type reaction frame (13) with free ends are connected to the left and right sides of the test box (1) through bearings (15) The upper middle position of the panel is rotatably connected; The vertical loading assembly is used to provide vertical loading force and is installed on the multi-directional coupling guide rail assembly, and includes a loading plate (17) for connecting components, a motor (9) for providing pulling force, and The slide rail (28) drives the position adjustment of the loading plate (17). The slide rail (28) engages in the grooves (11) opened on both sides of the semi-ring reaction frame (13) with free ends. A splint (19) is connected to the bottom of the slide rail (28) through a conduit (20). The splint (19) is connected to the rear end of the motor (9) through a dynamometer (18). The motor (9) The front end is connected to the center of the loading plate (17). The loading plate (17) is provided with a number of jacks. The slide rail (28) is rotatably connected with a wheel axle (11) stuck in the groove (11). 27); The connection between the organic glass plate (2) embedded in the front panel of the test box (1) and the box body and the connection between the sand discharge door (16) on the rear panel and the box body are provided with sealing tapes; the test box (1) ) The front panel is located on the outside of the four sides of the plexiglass plate (2) and is provided with an anti-deformation fixed steel plate; During the test, the insert plate (22) of the sand discharge door (16) was in the inserted state; Laser rangefinders (12) are installed above the four top corners of the test box (1), and magnetic bases (8) are installed at the four top corners of the test box (1). The laser rangefinder (12) is connected to the magnetic base (8) through an adjustable hose (10); The semi-annular reaction frame (13) with free ends has a through surface with the same cross-sectional dimensions as the semi-annular reaction frame (7) with fixed ends; Several sets of positioning holes for passing the positioning pins (8) are provided in the groove (11) of the frame (13) and on the semi-annular reaction frame (7) with fixed ends. 2. A pile and anchor loading method based on a multi-directional coupled visual pile and anchor loading device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the pile and anchor loading method includes the following steps: Step 1. Fill the test box (1) with soil, add an appropriate amount of water to form a simulated test soil, and insert the anchor rod or pile to be tested into the jack hole of the loading plate (17). Inside; Step 2. According to the needs of the test loading direction, the position of the semi-ring reaction frame (13) with free ends can be adjusted relative to the semi-ring reaction frame (7) with fixed ends, and the positioning pin (21) Connect and fix the semi-ring reaction frame (13) with free ends and the semi-ring reaction frame (7) with fixed ends to achieve the purpose of changing the loading direction; Step 3. Change the position of the splint (19) by adjusting the length of the conduit (20), thereby changing the position of the motor (9) and the loading plate (17); at the same time, according to the needs of the loading conditions, adjust the position of the splint (19) through the wheel shaft (27) and the slide rail (28) can change the position of the vertical loading assembly in the semi-annular reaction frame (13) with free ends, and through the positioning hole inside the groove (11) on the multi-directional coupling guide rail assembly, use the positioning The latch (21) is fixed to achieve the purpose of changing the loading direction and loading position; Step 4. During the test, the loading device (5) moves simultaneously or in groups, thereby driving the loading panel (25) to exert overall pressure on the right deformation panel of the test chamber (1). When they are in a row or a column When moving in groups, the deformation panel on the right side of the test chamber (1) can be partially pressurized to exert different confining pressures on the soil at different heights, and the soil during the entire test can be observed through the adjustable laser rangefinder (12). Subsidence changes on the body surface.