CN115791402A - Multi-directional coupling visual pile anchor loading device and pile anchor loading method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a multidirectional coupling visual pile anchor loading device and a pile anchor loading method. The invention has the beneficial effects that: stress pressurization with different gradients is carried out on soil bodies in the model through the deformation panel and the lateral pressurization device, and the lateral soil pressure of a corresponding area is measured; the two semicircular reaction frames and the guide pipe with the lower part connected with the motor are adjusted, so that the loading direction can be along any direction of the upper half spherical surface of the test box, the position of the motor can be adjusted at will in the hemispherical space, and the pull tests of different positions and directions of the component are realized; the loading plate is provided with a plurality of hole sites, so that the traditional drawing test of a single component can be carried out, and the interaction between the group anchors and the piles in the drawing process can be researched; the multifunctional displacement-visualization experiment instrument integrates multiple advantages of multiple functions, visualization of displacement and the like, and greatly accelerates the experiment process.

Description

A multi-directional coupling visualized pile-anchor loading device and pile-anchor loading method

technical field

The invention relates to a pile-anchor loading device, in particular to a multi-directional coupling visualized pile-anchor loading device and a pile-anchor loading method, belonging to the technical field of geotechnical engineering experiment devices.

Background technique

With the continuous advancement of urban development, anchor (cable) support and pile support technologies are widely used in foundation pit engineering and slope support engineering. At present, there are methods such as field test, indoor model test, and numerical simulation for the research on anchor rod and pile support. Compared with field experiments, indoor model tests have the advantages of easy operation and low cost, and can accurately reveal the interaction mechanism between the structure and the surrounding soil, and provide theoretical reference for actual engineering.

In order to clarify the anchoring effect, anti-floating, and pull-out capabilities of anchor rods (cables) and piles, researchers often analyze the different sizes and types of anchor/pile structures in different soil types, different soil compactness, and different embedding conditions. research in depth. However, there are many defects in the traditional test box, which cannot show the movement trajectory of the component and the surrounding soil particles during the construction and loading process, cannot perform visual tests, and cannot intuitively reveal the mechanism of the interaction between the drawn component and the soil; The direction of the force applied to the component is single, and the external force applied to the component is often only in the vertical or horizontal direction, which cannot effectively combine the actual engineering to apply force in the appropriate direction to the component in the model experiment; it is impossible to carry out the pull-out test in saturated soil, often requiring Additional devices assist the test; in addition, the traditional drawing box is mostly used for testing a single component, but in actual engineering, especially anchor rods and anti-floating piles are often arranged densely, resulting in mutual influence. During the pullout process, the exertion of the ultimate bearing capacity of the component is affected.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a multi-directional coupling visualized pile-anchor loading device and pile-anchor loading method in order to solve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems, which can truly realize the visualization of the interaction between the anchor structure, the pile structure, etc., and the soil, and the loading direction. , The method is diversified and applicable to different types of soil and other research problems, and overcomes the shortcomings of the single function of the previous test device, has the advantages of multi-function, convenient operation, etc., and can save a lot of manpower, material resources and financial resources.

The present invention achieves the above object through the following technical solutions: a multi-directional coupling visualized pile-anchor loading device, including a model box assembly, a lateral pressurization assembly, a multi-directional coupling guide rail assembly and a vertical loading assembly.

Wherein, the model box assembly is located at the bottom of the pile-anchor loading device, and it includes a square-shaped test box formed by splicing front, rear, left, right, and bottom panels, and the front panel of the test box is slotted A plexiglass plate is installed at the place and reinforced with four anti-deformation fixed steel plates; the right side panel of the test box is a deformable panel; the left side panel of the test box is composed of several channel steels, and the channel steels are fastened through several The screw rod is connected with the box; the back panel of the test box is equipped with a U-shaped water level indicator and a sand discharge door; the upper horizontal side of the sand discharge door is connected with the upper side of the through groove opened on the back panel of the test box through the hinge. Rotational connection, the vertical sides and lower horizontal sides of the sand discharge door are fixedly connected with the sides of the through groove opened on the rear panel of the test box through the insert plate, and the bottom plate of the test box is equipped with four universal wheels;

The lateral press assembly is arranged on the outside of the right side panel of the test box, and is used to pressurize the right side panel of the test box, and it includes a load-bearing panel arranged parallel to the right side panel of the test box, Loading device and loading panel, the bottom end of the load-bearing panel is supported by a support, the bottom end of the loading device is fixed on the inner surface of the load-bearing panel in a uniform arrangement, and the front ends of the telescopic rods of the loading device are all A loading panel is attached to the right panel of the test chamber;

The multi-directional coupling guide rail assembly is arranged above the test box, and it includes a half-ring reaction frame with fixed ends and a half-ring reaction frame with free ends, and the half-ring reaction frame with fixed ends The force frame and the semi-circular reaction frame with free ends are arranged in a cross shape, and the two ends of the semi-circular reaction frame with fixed ends are fixed to the upper middle position of the front and rear panels of the test box by bolts; The two ends of the free semi-ring-type reaction frame are rotationally connected with the upper middle position of the left and right panels of the test box through bearings;

The vertical loading assembly is used to provide vertical loading force and is installed on the multi-directional coupling guide rail assembly, and it includes a loading plate for connecting components, a motor for providing pulling force, and a device for driving the position adjustment of the loading plate The slide rail is engaged in the grooves provided on both sides of the half-ring reaction frame with free ends. The bottom of the slide rail is connected with a splint through a conduit, and the splint passes through the dynamometer and the motor. The tail ends are connected, and the front end of the motor is connected to the center of the loading plate. The loading plate is provided with several jacks, and the slide rail is rotatably connected with a wheel shaft stuck in the groove.

As a further solution of the present invention: the connection between the plexiglass plate embedded in the front panel of the test box and the box body and the joint between the sand discharge door on the rear panel and the box body are all provided with sealing tapes.

As a further solution of the present invention: the front panel of the test box is respectively provided with an anti-deformation fixed steel plate on the four sides of the plexiglass plate, so as to prevent the plexiglass plate from being broken or separated from the test box during the test.

As a further solution of the present invention: during the test process, the inserting plates of the sand discharge door are all in the inserted state, so as to prevent the soil leakage of the test box during the test process.

As a further solution of the present invention: a laser rangefinder is provided above the four corners of the test box, magnetic bases are respectively installed at the four corners of the test box, and the laser rangefinder The instrument is connected to the magnetic base through an adjustable hose.

As a further solution of the present invention: the middle part of the semi-annular reaction frame with free ends has a through surface with the same cross-sectional size as the semi-annular reaction frame with fixed ends, so that the semi-annular reaction frame with free ends The force frame can sweep along the half-ring reaction force frame fixed at the end through the axle.

As a further solution of the present invention: in the groove provided by the half-ring type reaction frame with free ends and on the half-ring type reaction frame with fixed ends, there are several groups of holes for passing through the positioning bolts. positioning hole.

A multi-directional coupling and visualized pile-anchor loading device, the pile-anchor loading method thereof comprises the following steps:

Step 1. Fill a certain amount of soil in the test box, and add an appropriate amount of water to make the soil form a simulated test soil, and insert the anchor rod or pile to be tested into the socket opened by the loading plate;

Step 2. According to the requirements of the test loading direction, the position of the half-ring reaction frame with free end relative to the fixed half-ring reaction frame can be adjusted, and the half-ring reaction frame with free end can be adjusted by the positioning pin. The force frame is connected and fixed with the half-ring reaction force frame fixed at the end to achieve the purpose of changing the loading direction;

Step 3. Change the position of the splint by adjusting the length of the conduit, thereby changing the position of the motor and the loading plate; at the same time, according to the needs of the loading conditions, the free half of the vertical loading component at the end can be changed through the wheel shaft and the slide rail. The position of the ring-shaped reaction force frame is fixed by the positioning pin through the positioning hole inside the groove on the multi-directional coupling guide rail assembly, so as to achieve the purpose of changing the loading direction and loading position;

Step 4. During the test, the loading device moves simultaneously or in groups, and then drives the loading panel to press the deformation panel on the right side of the test box as a whole. When they move in a row or in groups, the right side of the test box The side deformation panel can be locally pressed, and different confining pressures can be applied to the soil at different heights, and the settlement changes of the soil surface during the whole test can be observed through the adjustable laser rangefinder.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the movement of the box can be realized, which facilitates the shifting of the device; the packing is unloaded through the sand unloading door on the rear panel of the test box, making the test process more convenient and the operable space larger; The pressurization device controls the stress pressurization of different gradients to the soil inside the model and measures the lateral earth pressure in the corresponding area, the control is more accurate, and the mode is more flexible and diverse; by adjusting the two half-ring reaction frames and The lower part is connected to the conduit of the motor, so that the loading direction can be along any direction of the spherical surface of the upper half of the test box, and the position of the motor can be adjusted arbitrarily in the hemispherical space, so that the pull-out test of different positions and directions can be realized for the components; the loading plate There are multiple hole positions, in addition to the traditional pull-out test of a single component, it is also possible to study the interaction between group anchors and piles during the pull-out process; a U-shaped water level indicator is installed, and the test box can be observed The saturated state of the inner soil can be used for model tests of saturated soil; the settlement change of the soil surface during the whole process of the test can be observed through an adjustable unknown laser rangefinder; it integrates multiple advantages such as multi-function and displacement visualization, Moreover, the operation difficulty is low, the waste of resources is reduced, and the process of the test is greatly accelerated.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional front view structure of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional side view structure of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of plane front view structure of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the plane side view structure of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic plan view of the structure of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of the multi-directional coupling guide rail assembly of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the vertical loading assembly of the present invention;

Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the lateral loading assembly of the present invention;

Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of the adjustable laser range finder of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. Test chamber, 2. Plexiglass plate, 3. Support, 4. Bearing panel, 5. Loading device, 6. Bolt, 7. Half-ring reaction force frame fixed at the end, 8. Magnetic Suction base, 9, motor, 10, adjustable hose, 11, groove, 12, laser range finder, 13, half-ring type reaction force frame with free end, 14, channel steel, 15, bearing, 16, Sand unloading door, 17, loading plate, 18, dynamometer, 19, splint, 20, conduit, 21, positioning pin, 22, inserting plate, 23, U-shaped water level indicator, 24, hinge, 25, loading panel , 26, universal wheel, 27, axle, 28, slide rail.

Detailed ways

The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Embodiment one

As shown in Figures 1 to 9, a multi-directional coupling displacement visualization pile-anchor loading device includes

The model box assembly is located at the bottom of the displacement visualization pile-anchor loading device, and it includes a square-shaped test box 1 composed of front, rear, left, right, and bottom panels spliced together. The test box 1 The plexiglass plate 2 is installed at the groove of the front panel, and is reinforced with four anti-deformation fixed steel plates; the right side panel of the test box 1 is a deformable panel; the left side panel of the test box 1 is made of several channel steel 14 The channel steel 14 is connected with the box body through several fastening screws; the rear panel of the test box 1 is equipped with a U-shaped water level indicator 23 and a sand discharge door 16; 24 is rotatably connected with the upper side of the through groove set on the rear panel of the test box 1, and the vertical sides and lower horizontal sides of the sand discharge door 16 are connected to the side of the through groove set on the back panel of the test box 1 through the inserting plate 22. The sides are fixedly connected, and the bottom plate of the test box 1 is equipped with four universal wheels 26;

The lateral pressurization assembly is arranged outside the right side panel of the test box 1, and is used to pressurize the right side panel of the test box 1, and it includes a set parallel to the right side panel of the test box 1 The load-bearing panel 4, the loading device 5 and the loading panel 25, the bottom end of the load-bearing panel 4 is supported by the support 3, and the bottom end of the loading device 5 is fixed in the inner surface of the load-bearing panel 4 in a uniform arrangement. side, and the front end of the telescopic rod of the loading device 5 is connected with a loading panel 25 against the right side panel of the test box 1;

The multi-directional coupling guide rail assembly is arranged above the test chamber 1 and includes a half-ring reaction frame 7 with fixed ends and a half-ring reaction frame 13 with free ends. The half-ring reaction frame 7 and the free-end half-ring reaction frame 13 are arranged in a cross shape, and the two ends of the fixed half-ring reaction frame 7 are fixed on the front and rear panels of the test box 1 by bolts 6 The upper middle position of the upper part; the two ends of the semi-ring type reaction force frame 13 with free ends are rotationally connected with the upper middle position of the left and right panels of the test box 1 through bearings 15;

Vertical loading assembly, which is used to provide vertical loading force, and is installed on the multi-directional coupling guide rail assembly, and it includes a loading plate 17 for connecting members, a motor 9 for providing pulling force, and a driving loading plate 17 Slide rails 28 for position adjustment, said slide rails 28 are engaged in the grooves 11 provided on both sides of the half-ring reaction frame 13 with free ends, and the bottom of said slide rails 28 is connected with a splint 19 through a conduit 20 , the splint 19 is connected to the tail end of the motor 9 through the dynamometer 18, the front end of the motor 9 is connected to the center of the loading plate 17, and several jacks are provided on the loading plate 17, and the slide rail 28 is rotatably connected with the axle 27 that is stuck in the groove 11.

Embodiment two

As shown in Figures 1 to 9, in addition to all the technical features in Embodiment 1, this embodiment also includes:

Embedding the plexiglass plate 2 of the front panel of the test box 1 and the junction of the box body and the junction of the sand discharge door 16 of the rear panel and the box body are all provided with sealing tapes, and the sealing tapes are used for waterproofing to ensure that during the test The water injected into the tank will not leak.

The front panel of the test box 1 is located on the outside of the four sides of the plexiglass plate 2 and is respectively provided with an anti-deformation fixed steel plate to prevent the plexiglass plate 2 from being deformed by the influence of soil and load during the test process.

During the test, the inserting plates 22 of the sand discharge door 16 were all in the inserted state to prevent leakage of the soil in the test chamber 1 during the test.

A laser range finder 12 is arranged above the four corners of the test box 1, and a magnetic base 8 is installed at the four corners of the test box 1, and the laser range finder 12 can pass through The adjustment hose 10 is connected with the magnetic base 8, and the position of the laser range finder 12 can be adjusted with the adjustable hose 10 according to the observation of the soil position during the test.

The middle part of the semi-annular reaction frame 13 with free ends has a through surface with the same cross-sectional size as the semi-annular reaction frame 7 with fixed ends, so that the semi-annular reaction frame 13 with free ends can pass through the wheel shaft. 27 do sweeping motion along the semi-annular reaction frame 7 that end is fixed.

Several sets of positioning holes for passing through the positioning pins 8 are provided in the groove 11 provided by the half-ring reaction frame 13 with free ends and on the half-ring reaction frame 7 with fixed ends.

Embodiment three

A multi-directional coupling displacement visualization pile-anchor loading device, the pile-anchor loading method includes the following steps:

Step 1. First, fill a certain amount of soil in the test box 1, and add an appropriate amount of water to make the soil in the test box 1 form a simulated test soil, and place the anchor rod or pile to be tested on the loading plate 17 opened in the socket;

Step 2. According to the needs of the test loading direction, the position of the half-ring reaction frame 13 with free ends relative to the fixed half-ring reaction frame 7 can be adjusted, and the half-ring reaction frame 7 with free ends can be adjusted by positioning pin 21. The ring-type reaction force frame 13 is connected and fixed with the half-ring type reaction force frame 7 fixed at the end, so as to achieve the purpose of changing the loading direction;

Step 3: Change the position of the splint 19 by adjusting the length of the conduit 20, thereby changing the position of the motor 9 and the loading plate 17; at the same time, according to the needs of the loading conditions, the vertical loading assembly can be changed through the wheel shaft 27 and the slide rail 28 At the position of the half-ring reaction force frame 13 with free ends, and through the positioning hole inside the groove 11 on the multi-directional coupling guide rail assembly, fix it with the positioning pin 21, so as to achieve the purpose of changing the loading direction and loading position;

Step 4. During the test, the loading device 5 can be used to move simultaneously or in groups, and then drive the loading panel 25 to press the deformation panel on the right side of the test box 1 as a whole. When they move in a row or in a row, The deformation panel on the right side of the test box 1 can be locally pressurized to apply gradient pressure to the soil at different depths, and the settlement change of the soil surface during the whole test process can be observed through the adjustable laser range finder 12 .

Embodiment 1 provides a multi-directional coupling displacement visualization pile-anchor loading device, which can realize displacement visualization in the whole process when loading. Taking the study of anchor rods in transparent soil (a mixture of mineral oil and silica fume, with engineering properties similar to natural clay) as an example, in order to realize displacement visualization, the transparent soil is laid in layers, and landmarks are laid between the soil layers. Particles, a white polyethylene sheet is placed on the rear panel of the model box to facilitate the observation of soil particle displacement changes. The pull-out test of the anchor rod can be carried out through the dowel bar, and at the same time, the SLR camera is used to take interval shots to obtain the images during the whole process of the anchor rod being pulled out, and the image is processed and analyzed by particle image testing technology (PIV). The soil shear strain field and displacement field around the anchor reveal the soil-anchor interaction mechanism, and the influence of compactness and converted buried depth on the pile-anchor structure is studied.

Embodiment four

A multi-directional coupled displacement visualization pile-anchor loading device is an optimization scheme based on the first embodiment. Taking the anchor plate as an example, when studying the bearing mechanism of the anchor plate with different embedding depths, the lateral pressure device can carry out stress compression under different gradients to realize the simulation of different stress environments for the anchor plate structure. According to the model The similarity ratio of the experiment is equivalent to the stress state at different embedding depths, thus truly reflecting the bearing characteristics of the anchor plates at different embedding depths.

Embodiment five

A multi-directional coupling displacement visualization pile-anchor loading device. Taking the project of bolt support in the foundation pit as an example, when studying the pull-out mechanism of the anchor rod embedded at a certain inclination angle, the multi-directional coupling guide rail device and The guide rails, grooves, axles, bolts and positioning pins on the loading device change the position of the motor in the upper spherical space of the model box, thus truly reflecting the pullout characteristics of the anchor rod in different pulling directions.

Embodiment six

A multi-directional coupling displacement visualization pile-anchor loading device. Taking the discussion of the interaction mechanism between pile groups as an example, the pile position setting between the pile groups is adjusted according to the hole spacing on the loading plate. Based on the pull-out test of the pile groups, the The uplift force-displacement relationship curve is used to study the effect of pile groups by studying the change of pullout force and analyzing the interaction between pile groups.

Embodiment seven

A multi-directional coupling displacement visualization pile-anchor loading device. Taking the discussion of the influence of piles on the soil around the piles in the pull-out test as an example, the piles in the pull-out test can be obtained according to the laser rangefinder installed at the four corners of the model box. During the whole process, the relationship between the settlement of the soil around the pile and the displacement of the pile is studied, and the interaction between the pile and the soil is studied.

Embodiment eight

A multi-directional coupled displacement visualization pile-anchor loading device is an optimization scheme based on Embodiments 1 to 5. The multi-functional model test box for multi-directional coupling displacement visualization pile-anchor structure provided in Embodiments 1 to 5 also includes a drainage system. The model box is waterproofed. A multifunctional test device for pile-anchor structures with displacement visualization provided in Embodiments 1 to 5 can perform structural loading tests under saturated soil and seepage conditions by injecting water. Whether the soil is saturated can be reflected by the U-shaped water level indicator. At the same time, the performance of the structure under different water levels can also be studied. By adjusting the water injection volume of the test box and observing the water level changes shown by the U-shaped water level indicator, the water level changes are truly simulated.

Working principle: It can truly realize the visualization of the interaction between anchor structures, piles and other structures and soil, the loading direction and method are diversified, and it is suitable for research problems such as different types of soil, and overcomes the shortcomings of the single function of the previous test device.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but that the invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Accordingly, the embodiments should be regarded in all points of view as exemplary and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is therefore intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes within the meaning and range of equivalents of the elements are embraced in the present invention. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.

In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described according to implementation modes, not each implementation mode only contains an independent technical solution, and this description in the specification is only for clarity, and those skilled in the art should take the specification as a whole , the technical solutions in the various embodiments can also be properly combined to form other implementations that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims (8)

1. The utility model provides a visual stake anchor loading attachment of multidirectional coupling which characterized in that: the device comprises a model box body assembly, a pile anchor loading device and a control device, wherein the model box body assembly is positioned at the bottom end of the pile anchor loading device and comprises a square test box (1) formed by splicing five panels, namely a front panel, a rear panel, a left panel, a right panel and a bottom panel, an organic glass plate (2) is arranged at a front panel groove of the test box (1), and four anti-deformation fixing steel plates are used for reinforcing the test box; the right side panel of the test box (1) is a deformable panel; the left side panel of the test box (1) is composed of a plurality of channel steel (14), and the channel steel (14) is connected with the box body through a plurality of fastening screws; a U-shaped water level indicator (23) and a sand discharge door (16) are arranged on the rear panel of the test box (1); the upper transverse edge of the sand unloading door (16) is rotatably connected with the upper side edge of the through groove formed in the rear panel of the test box (1) through a hinge (24), the vertical edges and the lower transverse edge of the two sides of the sand unloading door (16) are fixedly connected with the side edge of the through groove formed in the rear panel of the test box (1) through inserting plates (22), and four universal wheels (26) are arranged on the bottom plate of the test box (1);

the lateral pressurizing assembly is arranged on the outer side of the right side panel of the test box (1) and used for pressurizing the right side panel of the test box (1), and comprises a bearing panel (4), a loading device (5) and a loading panel (25) which are arranged in parallel with the right side panel of the test box (1), wherein the bottom end of the bearing panel (4) is supported by a support (3), the bottom ends of the loading device (5) are uniformly arranged and fixed on the inner side surface of the bearing panel (4), and the front ends of telescopic rods of the loading device (5) are connected with the loading panel (25) and abut against the right side panel of the test box (1);

the multidirectional coupling guide rail assembly is arranged above the test box (1) and comprises a semi-ring type reaction frame (7) with a fixed end part and a semi-ring type reaction frame (13) with a free end part, the semi-ring type reaction frame (7) with the fixed end part and the semi-ring type reaction frame (13) with the free end part are arranged in a cross mode, and two ends of the semi-ring type reaction frame (7) with the fixed end part are fixed at the upper middle positions of front and rear panels of the test box (1) through bolts (6); two ends of the semi-ring type reaction frame (13) with free end parts are rotatably connected with the middle position of the upper parts of the left and right panels of the test box (1) through bearings (15);

the vertical loading assembly is used for providing vertical loading force and is installed on the multidirectional coupling guide rail assembly, the vertical loading assembly comprises a loading plate (17) used for connecting components, a motor (9) used for providing drawing force and a sliding rail (28) used for driving the loading plate (17) to be adjusted in position, the sliding rail (28) is meshed in grooves (11) formed in two sides of a semi-ring type reaction frame (13) with free ends, a clamping plate (19) is connected to the lower portion of the sliding rail (28) through a guide pipe (20), the clamping plate (19) is connected with the tail end of the motor (9) through a dynamometer (18), the front end of the motor (9) is connected to the center of the loading plate (17), a plurality of inserting holes are formed in the loading plate (17), and an axle (27) clamped in the grooves (11) is rotatably connected to the sliding rail (28).

2. The pile anchor loading device of claim 1, wherein: sealing belts are respectively arranged at the joint of the organic glass plate (2) embedded into the front panel of the test box (1) and the box body and at the joint of the sand discharge door (16) of the rear panel and the box body.

3. The pile anchor loading device of claim 1, wherein: the front panel of the test box (1) is provided with an anti-deformation fixing steel plate on the outer sides of four sides of the organic glass plate (2).

4. The pile anchor loading device of claim 1, wherein: in the test process, the inserting plates (22) of the sand unloading door (16) are all in an inserting state.

5. The pile anchor loading device of claim 1, wherein: four apex angle departments tops of proof box (1) all are provided with laser range finder (12), four apex angle departments of proof box (1) are installed respectively and are inhaled base (8) magnetically, just laser range finder (12) are connected with base (8) magnetically through adjustable hose (10).

6. The pile anchor loading device of claim 1, wherein: the middle part of the semi-ring type reaction frame (13) with the free end part is provided with a through surface with the same size as the cross section of the semi-ring type reaction frame (7) with the fixed end part.

7. The pile anchor loading device of claim 1, wherein: the semi-ring type reaction frame (7) fixed at the end part and the groove (11) formed in the semi-ring type reaction frame (13) with the free end part are both provided with a plurality of groups of positioning holes for penetrating through the positioning bolts (8).

8. A pile anchor loading method based on the multi-directional coupling visualization pile anchor loading device of claim 1, characterized in that: the pile anchor loading method comprises the following steps:

filling soil into a test box (1), adding a proper amount of water to enable the soil to form a simulated test soil body, and inserting an anchor rod or a pile to be tested into a jack formed in a loading plate (17);

step two, according to the requirement of the test loading direction, the position of the semi-ring type reaction frame (13) with the free end part relative to the semi-ring type reaction frame (7) with the fixed end part can be adjusted, and the semi-ring type reaction frame (13) with the free end part and the semi-ring type reaction frame (7) with the fixed end part are connected and fixed through a positioning bolt (21), so that the purpose of changing the loading direction is achieved;

thirdly, the position of the clamping plate (19) is changed by adjusting the length of the guide pipe (20), so that the positions of the motor (9) and the loading plate (17) are changed; meanwhile, according to the requirement of loading conditions, the position of the semi-ring type reaction frame (13) of the vertical loading assembly at the free end part can be changed through the wheel shaft (27) and the slide rail (28), and the vertical loading assembly is fixed through a positioning hole in the groove (11) on the multi-way coupling guide rail assembly by using a positioning bolt (21), so that the purposes of changing the loading direction and the loading position are achieved;

step four, in the test process, the loading device (5) moves simultaneously or in groups, so that the loading panel (25) is driven to wholly press the right side deformation panel of the test box (1), when the loading device (5) moves in a row or a column in groups, the right side deformation panel of the test box (1) can be locally pressed, different confining pressures are applied to soil bodies with different heights, and the settlement change of the surface of the soil body in the whole test process is observed through the adjustable laser range finder (12).

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