CN115692893A - Lithium battery charging method suitable for large temperature window - Google Patents
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 287
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 286
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 130
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000010277 constant-current charging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000010281 constant-current constant-voltage charging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010280 constant potential charging Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 5
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium batteries, and relates to a lithium battery charging method suitable for a large temperature window, which comprises the following steps: performing constant-current charging on the lithium battery by using a first multiplying power current value to enable the voltage of the lithium battery to reach a first upper limit voltage value; performing constant current charging on the lithium battery by using a second multiplying current value to enable the voltage of the lithium battery to rise from the first upper limit voltage value to a second upper limit voltage value; performing constant-current constant-voltage charging on the lithium battery by using a third-rate current value, so that the voltage of the lithium battery is increased from the second upper-limit voltage value to a third upper-limit voltage value, and the charging current of the lithium battery is cut off at a preset current value; the first multiplying power current value, the second multiplying power current value, the third multiplying power current value and the preset current value are reduced in sequence. The invention can keep the quick charging efficiency and the normal charging, avoid the performance deterioration of the lithium battery and meet the charging requirement of a large temperature window.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium batteries, in particular to a lithium battery charging method suitable for a large temperature window.
Background
A lithium battery is a type of battery using a nonaqueous electrolyte solution, using lithium metal or a lithium alloy as a positive/negative electrode material. Lithium batteries are widely used in various electronic products.
The existing charging mode of the lithium battery mainly comprises constant-current constant-voltage direct charging in one step and multi-step charging in stages, namely step-boosting quick charging.
The constant-current constant-voltage direct charging generally uses a small charging current, the charging time is long, the charging can be completed within 2-4 hours generally, and the quick charging requirement cannot be met.
In the conventional step-boosting quick charge, in order to pursue higher charging efficiency, the whole charging process is in a state of higher current density. Under the high temperature condition, the heat that charges and produce is too concentrated, causes the inside high temperature of lithium cell, then can destroy anodal material structure, leads to the cyclicity to worsen. Under the condition of low temperature, the activity of the cathode material is reduced, lithium ions are difficult to effectively migrate and be embedded into the graphite of the negative electrode, so that the lithium ions on the surface of the graphite are excessively accumulated to generate lithium precipitation during charging, and the performance of the battery is poor. Therefore, under different temperature windows, such as 15-25 ℃, 25-35 ℃ and 35-45 ℃, the lithium battery can be charged by different charging modes respectively, so that the normal use and high charging efficiency of the lithium battery are ensured. The charging mode that above-mentioned each temperature window adopted can only satisfy the normal charge and the fast demand of charging of lithium cell under corresponding temperature window, and can't satisfy the demand of charging under other temperature windows, has great limitation to ambient temperature, can't satisfy the lithium cell under the big temperature window and carry out the charge of higher charge efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention aims to provide a lithium battery charging method which is less limited in environmental temperature and is suitable for a large temperature window.
In order to solve the above technical problem, an embodiment of the present invention provides a lithium battery charging method suitable for a large temperature window, which adopts the following technical scheme:
the lithium battery charging method comprises the following steps:
performing constant-current charging on the lithium battery by using a first multiplying power current value to enable the voltage of the lithium battery to reach a first upper limit voltage value;
performing constant current charging on the lithium battery by using a second multiplying current value to enable the voltage of the lithium battery to rise from the first upper limit voltage value to a second upper limit voltage value;
performing constant-current constant-voltage charging on the lithium battery by using a third-rate current value, so that the voltage of the lithium battery is increased from the second upper-limit voltage value to a third upper-limit voltage value, and the charging current of the lithium battery is cut off at a preset current value;
the first multiplying power current value, the second multiplying power current value, the third multiplying power current value and the preset current value are reduced in sequence.
In some embodiments, the first rate current value is 0.9nC to 1.1nC, where C is the capacity of the lithium battery and n is a multiple.
In some embodiments, the second magnification current value is 0.65nC to 0.75nC.
In some embodiments, the third ratiometric current value is between 0.45nC and 0.55nC.
In some embodiments, the preset current value is 0.11nC to 0.13nC.
In a preferred aspect of some embodiments, before the lithium battery is subjected to constant-current charging at the first rate current value so that the voltage of the lithium battery reaches the first upper limit voltage value, the lithium battery charging method further includes the steps of:
the adaptive charging current of the lithium battery is determined according to the dynamic performance of the raw material of the lithium battery, and a first upper limit voltage value and a first multiplying power current value are determined by combining the voltage value and the charging current of the lithium battery, which are subjected to a lithium separation phenomenon under the conditions of preset temperature and preset cycle times.
In a preferable scheme of some embodiments, before the constant-current charging of the lithium battery at the second multiplying current value increases the voltage of the lithium battery from the first upper-limit voltage value to the second upper-limit voltage value, the lithium battery charging method further includes the steps of:
according to the voltage value of the lithium battery with the lithium separation phenomenon under the conditions of the preset temperature and the preset cycle number, the first upper limit voltage value is adjusted upwards to serve as a second upper limit voltage value to be determined;
and adjusting and determining a final second upper limit voltage value and a final second power current value according to the charging current of the lithium battery, which has a lithium precipitation phenomenon under the conditions of a preset temperature and preset cycle times, and in combination with the second upper limit voltage value to be determined.
In a preferable scheme of some embodiments, before the lithium battery is subjected to constant-current and constant-voltage charging at the third rate of current value, so that the voltage of the lithium battery rises from the second upper limit voltage value to the third upper limit voltage value, and the charging current of the lithium battery is cut off at a preset current value, the lithium battery charging method further includes the steps of:
according to the material characteristics of the lithium battery and the voltage value of the lithium battery with the lithium analysis phenomenon under the conditions of the preset temperature and the preset cycle number, the second upper limit voltage value is adjusted upwards to serve as a third upper limit voltage value;
and determining a third triple current value and a preset current value according to the third upper limit voltage value and the charging current of the lithium battery with the lithium precipitation phenomenon under the conditions of the preset temperature and the preset cycle number.
In some embodiments, the first upper voltage limit is U-0.1V, the second upper voltage limit is U, and the third upper voltage limit is U +0.05V, where U is a rated voltage value of the lithium battery.
In some preferred embodiments, the large temperature window is between 15 ℃ and 45 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the lithium battery charging method suitable for the large temperature window provided by the embodiment of the invention mainly has the following beneficial effects:
the lithium battery charging method comprises the steps of charging a battery by adopting sequentially reduced multiplying power current values and sequentially increased upper limit voltage values in stages, carrying out constant current charging on the lithium battery by using a first multiplying power current value in the first stage to enable the voltage of the lithium battery to reach a first upper limit voltage value, carrying out constant current charging on the lithium battery by using a second multiplying power current value in the second stage to enable the voltage of the lithium battery to rise from the first upper limit voltage value to a second upper limit voltage value, carrying out constant current and constant voltage charging on the lithium battery by using a third multiplying power current value in the third stage to enable the voltage of the lithium battery to rise from the second upper limit voltage value to a third upper limit voltage value, and stopping the charging current of the lithium battery at a preset current value.
Drawings
In order to illustrate the solution of the invention more clearly, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be derived from these drawings by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a block flow diagram of a lithium battery charging method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a specific process for charging a lithium battery according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of capacity retention of a conventional lithium battery under stepped boost fast charge;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the rate of thickening of a conventional lithium battery under stepped boost fast charge;
FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating capacity retention of a lithium battery according to a method for charging a lithium battery of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a graph of the rate of thickening of a lithium battery according to the method of charging a lithium battery of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
With the extreme development of global environment temperature becoming more and more obvious, the indoor temperature reaches 40 ℃ in summer, and the indoor temperature is reduced to 20 ℃ in winter. Due to the limitation of manufacturing cost, the charging mode cannot be regulated and controlled by installing a high-precision intelligent temperature sensing instrument on the conventional lithium battery, so that the charging requirement of the lithium battery is met.
Therefore, the lithium battery charging method suitable for the large temperature window can meet the charging requirement of the lithium battery under the large temperature window, and particularly can meet the safe and quick charging under the large temperature window of 15-45 ℃.
Referring to fig. 1, the lithium battery charging method of the present application includes the steps of:
s20, performing constant-current charging on the lithium battery by using a first multiplying power current value to enable the voltage of the lithium battery to reach a first upper limit voltage value;
s50, performing constant-current charging on the lithium battery by using a second multiplying current value to enable the voltage of the lithium battery to rise from a first upper limit voltage value to a second upper limit voltage value;
and S80, performing constant-current constant-voltage charging on the lithium battery by using a third rate current value, so that the voltage of the lithium battery is increased from the second upper limit voltage value to a third upper limit voltage value, and the charging current of the lithium battery is cut off at a preset current value.
Wherein the first magnification current value, the second magnification current value, the third magnification current value and the preset current value are reduced in sequence.
According to the lithium battery charging method, the batteries are charged by sequentially reducing the multiplying power current values in stages, the lithium batteries are subjected to constant current charging by the first multiplying power current value in the first stage, the voltage of the lithium batteries reaches a first upper limit voltage value, the lithium batteries are subjected to constant current charging by the second multiplying power current value in the second stage, the voltage of the lithium batteries is increased from the first upper limit voltage value to a second upper limit voltage value, the lithium batteries are subjected to constant current and constant voltage charging by the third multiplying power current value in the third stage, the voltage of the lithium batteries is increased from the second upper limit voltage value to a third upper limit voltage value, the charging current of the lithium batteries is cut off at a preset current value, the quick charging efficiency can be kept, normal charging is kept, the performance deterioration of the lithium batteries is avoided, and the charging requirement of a large temperature window is met.
Referring to fig. 2, in step S20, before the lithium battery is subjected to constant current charging at the first rate current value so that the voltage of the lithium battery reaches the first upper limit voltage value, the lithium battery charging method further includes the steps of:
s10, determining adaptable charging current of the lithium battery according to the dynamic performance of the raw material of the lithium battery, and determining a first upper limit voltage value and a first multiplying power current value by combining a voltage value and the charging current of the lithium battery with a lithium precipitation phenomenon under the conditions of a preset temperature and a preset cycle number.
And determining the rechargeable current of the lithium battery based on the dynamic performance of the raw material of the lithium battery, and ensuring that the subsequently determined first multiplying power current value and the first upper limit voltage value can realize safe charging. In addition, if the lithium battery adopts different charging currents, a lithium precipitation phenomenon may occur after the lithium battery is charged at a preset temperature, so that the performance of the lithium battery is reduced. According to the lithium battery charging method and device, the charging current of the lithium battery with the lithium analysis phenomenon is obtained under the condition that the lithium battery is charged at the preset temperature and reaches the preset cycle number, and the first multiplying power current value is determined based on the chargeable current of the lithium battery, so that the lithium battery is charged safely and under the condition that the lithium analysis phenomenon does not occur.
Meanwhile, in order to take account of the fast charging efficiency of the lithium battery, according to the condition that the lithium battery is charged at the preset temperature to reach the preset cycle number, the voltage value corresponding to the lithium separating phenomenon of the lithium battery is generated, the first upper limit voltage value is adjusted, the first multiplying power current value is correspondingly adjusted, and the final first upper limit voltage value and the final first multiplying power current value are determined, so that the charging performance of the lithium battery cannot be deteriorated at the preset temperature, namely, the charging performance is normal, and the higher fast charging efficiency at the temperature can be reached. Wherein the preset temperature is selected to be one temperature under a large temperature window, such as 15 ℃, 30 ℃, 45 ℃ and the like under the temperature of 15-45 ℃ under the large temperature window.
Specifically, the first rate current value is 0.9 nC-1.1 nC, wherein C is the capacity of the lithium battery, and n is a multiple. The multiple n is determined by the dynamic performance of the lithium battery raw material, according to the difference of the materials, the rate of charge suitable for the lithium battery corresponding to the material can be determined, and the value of n is determined, for example, if the lithium battery material is suitable for 2C rate charge, n is 2.
Preferably, 1nC is adopted as the first magnification current value in this embodiment. The first upper limit voltage value adopts U-0.1V, wherein U is the rated voltage value of the lithium battery. If the first rate current value is less than 0.9nC, the efficiency of the lithium battery is reduced, and if the first rate current value is higher than 1.1nC, the charging current is too high, and the lithium battery is under the high-temperature condition of a large temperature window, for example, the lithium battery is subjected to cyclic charging for preset times at 45 ℃ under the temperature window of 15-45 ℃, so that the charging temperature rise is too high, and the performance of the lithium battery is influenced; under the low temperature condition that the lithium battery is in a large temperature window, such as the 15 ℃ temperature condition under the temperature window of 15-45 ℃, the cycle charging is preset times, the ion migration rate in the lithium battery is reduced, and the performance of the lithium battery is influenced. And if the corresponding first rate current value is 0.9 nC-1.1 nC, and the first upper limit voltage value is lower than U-0.1V, the efficiency of the lithium battery is reduced, and if the corresponding first rate current value is higher than U-0.1V, the lithium battery is in a high-temperature condition with a large temperature window, for example, the lithium battery is circularly charged for a preset number of times under the 45 ℃ temperature condition with a temperature window of 15-45 ℃, and the charging performance of the lithium battery is deteriorated, so that the first rate current value is 0.9 nC-1.1 nC, and the first upper limit voltage value is U-0.1V, so that the first-stage constant-current charging of the lithium battery can be kept to be safely and quickly charged under the large temperature window, and the normal performance of the lithium battery can be ensured.
Referring to fig. 2, in step S50, the lithium battery is subjected to constant current charging at a second multiplying current value, so that the voltage of the lithium battery is increased from a first upper limit voltage value to a second upper limit voltage value, and the lithium battery charging method further includes the steps of:
s30, according to a voltage value of a lithium battery which has a lithium separation phenomenon under the conditions of a preset temperature and preset cycle times, adjusting the first upper limit voltage value upwards to serve as a second upper limit voltage value to be determined;
and S40, adjusting and determining a final second upper limit voltage value and a final second power current value according to the charging current of the lithium battery with the lithium precipitation phenomenon under the conditions of the preset temperature and the preset cycle number and in combination with the second upper limit voltage value to be determined.
According to the lithium battery lithium ion determination method and device, the first upper limit voltage value is adjusted upwards to serve as a second upper limit voltage value to be determined, and under the second upper limit voltage value, the lithium battery cannot be subjected to lithium separation under the conditions of preset temperature and preset cycle number. And further combining the charging current of the lithium battery, which has a lithium analysis phenomenon under the conditions of the preset temperature and the preset cycle number, to obtain a second power current value to be determined, further adjusting a second upper limit voltage value to be determined and a second power current value to be determined, and determining a final second upper limit voltage value and a final second power current value, so that in the second stage, the lithium battery carries out constant current charging on the lithium battery by using the second power current value, the voltage of the lithium battery is increased from the first upper limit voltage value to the second upper limit voltage value, and the lithium battery does not have the lithium analysis phenomenon under the conditions of the preset temperature and the preset cycle number. The lithium battery can achieve higher charging efficiency in the second stage, and normal charging is guaranteed.
Wherein, the heat production of the lithium battery charging process mainly comes from physical heat production, namely Q = I 2 * R and Q are generated heat, I is charging current, R is the resistance of the lithium battery, and t is the electrifying time. Because the second multiplying power current value is smaller than the first multiplying power current value, the constant current charging of the lithium battery is safe by adopting the second multiplying power current value under the condition of safe charging by using the first multiplying power current value. Therefore, the lithium battery is charged with the constant current at the second multiplying factor current value, so that the lithium battery can be charged safely and without lithium precipitation.
Specifically, the second multiplying power current value is 0.65 nC-0.75 nC, wherein C is the capacity of the lithium battery, and n is a multiple. Preferably, 0.7nC is used for the second magnification current value in this embodiment. The second upper limit voltage value adopts UV, and U is the rated voltage of the lithium battery.
If the second multiplying current value is less than 0.65nC, the efficiency of the lithium battery is reduced, and if the second multiplying current value is higher than 0.75nC, the charging current is too high, and the lithium battery is under the high-temperature condition with a large temperature window, such as the preset number of times of circulating charging at 45 ℃ under the temperature window of 15-45 ℃, the charging temperature rise is too high, so that the performance of the lithium battery is influenced; under the low temperature condition that the lithium battery is in a large temperature window, such as the 15 ℃ temperature condition under the temperature window of 15-45 ℃, the cycle charging is preset times, the ion migration rate in the lithium battery is reduced, and the performance of the lithium battery is influenced. And if the second power current value is 0.65 nC-0.75 nC, and the second upper limit voltage value is lower than UV, the efficiency of the lithium battery is reduced, and if the second power current value is higher than UV, the lithium battery is in a high-temperature condition with a large temperature window, for example, the lithium battery is circularly charged for a preset number of times under the temperature condition of 45 ℃ with the temperature window of 15-45 ℃, and the charging performance of the lithium battery is deteriorated, so that the second power current value is 0.65 nC-0.75 nC, and the first upper limit voltage value is UV, so that the second-stage constant-current charging of the lithium battery can be kept safely and quickly charged under the large temperature window, and the normal performance of the lithium battery can be ensured.
Referring to fig. 2, in step S80, performing constant-current constant-voltage charging on the lithium battery at a third rate of current value, so that the voltage of the lithium battery rises from the second upper-limit voltage value to a third upper-limit voltage value, and before the charging current of the lithium battery is cut off at a preset current value, the lithium battery charging method further includes the steps of:
s60, according to the material characteristics of the lithium battery and the voltage value of the lithium battery with the lithium precipitation phenomenon under the conditions of the preset temperature and the preset cycle number, the second upper limit voltage value is adjusted upwards to serve as a third upper limit voltage value;
and S70, determining a third rate current value and a preset current value according to the third upper limit voltage value and the charging current of the lithium battery with the lithium precipitation phenomenon under the conditions of the preset temperature and the preset cycle number.
Regarding the third upper limit voltage value, the rated voltage of the lithium battery is determined according to the raw material characteristics of the lithium battery, and the voltage that the lithium battery does not generate the lithium analysis phenomenon under the condition that the charging at the preset temperature reaches the preset cycle number is determined, and when the third upper limit voltage value exceeds a certain limit, the irreversible reaction of the collapse of the positive electrode structure of the lithium battery can occur. Therefore, according to the material characteristics of the lithium battery and the voltage value of the lithium battery with the lithium separation phenomenon under the conditions of the preset temperature and the preset cycle number, the lithium battery can not be irreversibly damaged and the lithium separation phenomenon can be avoided in the charging process.
Regarding the third rate current value and the preset current value, the third rate current value and the preset current value are determined according to the third upper limit voltage value and the charging current adjustment of the lithium battery which generates the lithium separation phenomenon under the conditions of the preset temperature and the preset cycle number, so that the lithium battery has higher charging efficiency in the third stage, and the normal charging performance is ensured.
Because the first multiplying power current value, the second multiplying power current value and the third multiplying power current value are reduced in sequence, the lithium battery is charged at constant current and constant voltage by the third multiplying power current value, and the lithium battery can be charged safely and under the condition that the lithium precipitation phenomenon does not occur.
In this embodiment, the lithium battery is charged with constant current and constant voltage by using the third rate current value, so that the voltage of the lithium battery rises from the second upper limit voltage value to the third upper limit voltage value, and the charging current of the lithium battery is cut off at the preset current value, and the specific charging process is as follows: and performing constant current charging on the lithium battery by using the third rate current value, so that the voltage of the lithium battery is increased from the second upper limit voltage value to a third upper limit voltage value, performing constant voltage charging on the lithium battery by using the third upper limit voltage value, and reducing the current of the lithium battery to preset current for charging.
Specifically, the third multiplying current value is 0.45 nC-0.55 nC, and the preset current value is 0.12C, wherein C is the capacity of the lithium battery, and n is a multiple. Preferably, 0.5nC is used for the third power current value in this embodiment. The third upper limit voltage value adopts U +0.05V, wherein U is the rated voltage of the lithium battery.
The third upper limit voltage value is U +0.05V, the preset current value is 0.12C, if the third rate current value is less than 0.45n, the efficiency of the lithium battery is reduced, and if the third rate current value is higher than 0.55nC, the charging current is too high, and the lithium battery is in a high-temperature condition with a large temperature window, such as the cycle charging for preset times at 45 ℃ under the temperature window of 15-45 ℃, so that the charging temperature rise is too high, and the performance of the lithium battery is influenced; under the low temperature condition that the lithium battery is in a large temperature window, such as the 15 ℃ temperature condition under the temperature window of 15-45 ℃, the cycle charging is preset times, the ion migration rate in the lithium battery is reduced, the performance of the lithium battery is influenced, and the normal charging is difficult to maintain under the low temperature condition. And adopting 0.45 nC-0.55 nC corresponding to the third rate current value, wherein the preset current value is 0.12C, if the second upper limit voltage value is lower than U +0.05V, the efficiency of the lithium battery is reduced, and if the second upper limit voltage value is higher than U +0.05V, the structure of the lithium battery is damaged.
Therefore, the third-stage constant-current charging of the lithium battery can keep safe and rapid charging under a large temperature window and ensure the normal performance of the lithium battery by adopting the third-rate current value of 0.45 nC-0.55 nC, the third upper-limit voltage value of U +0.05V and the preset current value of the charge cut-off of 0.12C.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, fig. 3 is a graph of capacity retention rate of a lithium battery obtained after a lithium battery is charged by a conventional charging method under a condition of 15 ℃ cycle for 1000 weeks, fig. 4 is a graph of thickening rate of a lithium battery obtained after a lithium battery is charged by a conventional charging method under a condition of 15 ℃ cycle for 1000 weeks, fig. 5 is a graph of capacity retention rate of a lithium battery obtained after a lithium battery is charged by a lithium battery charging method of the present application under a condition of 15 ℃ cycle for 1000 weeks, and fig. 6 is a graph of thickening rate of a lithium battery obtained after a lithium battery is charged by a lithium battery charging method of the present application under a condition of 15 ℃ cycle for 1000 weeks. According to the chart, compared with the existing charging mode, the lithium battery charging method disclosed by the application is used for charging the lithium battery, the capacity retention rate is higher, the thickening rate is lower, and the lithium battery can be normally charged.
The lithium battery charging method of the present invention will be described in detail below by way of specific examples. Taking the example of charging the lithium battery with 1C rate rated voltage of 4.4V system, the charging method is as follows:
the first stage is as follows: performing constant-current charging on the lithium battery by using a 1C current value to increase the voltage of the lithium battery to 4.3V;
and a second stage: constant current charging is carried out on the lithium battery at a current value of 0.7C, so that the voltage of the lithium battery is increased from 4.3V to 4.4V;
and a third stage: and carrying out constant current charging on the lithium battery by using a current value of 0.5C, so that the voltage of the lithium battery is increased from 4.4V to 4..45V, carrying out constant voltage charging on the lithium battery by using a voltage value of 4.45V, and stopping charging when the charging current of the lithium battery is reduced to 0.12C.
Taking the example of charging a lithium battery with a 1.5C rate and a rated voltage of 4.45V, the charging method is as follows:
the first stage is as follows: constant current charging is carried out on the lithium battery at a current value of 1.5C, so that the voltage of the lithium battery is increased to 4.35V;
and a second stage: constant current charging is carried out on the lithium battery at a current value of 1.0C, so that the voltage of the lithium battery is increased from 4.35V to 4.45V;
and a third stage: and carrying out constant-current charging on the lithium battery by using the current value of 0.8C, so that the voltage of the lithium battery is increased from 4.45V to 4.5V, carrying out constant-voltage charging on the lithium battery by using the voltage value of 4.5V, and stopping charging when the charging current of the lithium battery is reduced to 0.12C.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and alterations to this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A lithium battery charging method suitable for a large temperature window is characterized by comprising the following steps:
performing constant-current charging on the lithium battery by using the first multiplying power current value to enable the voltage of the lithium battery to reach a first upper limit voltage value;
performing constant current charging on the lithium battery by using a second multiplying current value to enable the voltage of the lithium battery to rise from the first upper limit voltage value to a second upper limit voltage value;
performing constant-current constant-voltage charging on the lithium battery by using a third-rate current value, so that the voltage of the lithium battery is increased from the second upper-limit voltage value to a third upper-limit voltage value, and the charging current of the lithium battery is cut off at a preset current value;
the first multiplying power current value, the second multiplying power current value, the third multiplying power current value and the preset current value are reduced in sequence.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first rate current value is 0.9nC to 1.1nC, where C is a capacity of the lithium battery and n is a multiple.
3. A method for charging a lithium battery as claimed in claim 2, wherein the second magnification current value is 0.65nC to 0.75nC.
4. A lithium battery charging method according to claim 3, characterized in that said third rate current value is between 0.45nC and 0.55nC.
5. A method for charging a lithium battery as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that said predetermined current value is comprised between 0.11nC and 0.13nC.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein before the constant current charging of the lithium battery at the first rate current value reaches a first upper voltage limit, the method further comprises:
the adaptive charging current of the lithium battery is determined according to the dynamic performance of the raw material of the lithium battery, and a first upper limit voltage value and a first multiplying power current value are determined by combining the voltage value and the charging current of the lithium battery, which are subjected to a lithium separation phenomenon under the conditions of preset temperature and preset cycle times.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein before the constant current charging of the lithium battery at the second rate of current value increases the voltage of the lithium battery from the first upper voltage limit to the second upper voltage limit, the method further comprises:
according to the voltage value of the lithium battery with the lithium separation phenomenon under the conditions of the preset temperature and the preset cycle number, the first upper limit voltage value is adjusted upwards to serve as a second upper limit voltage value to be determined;
and adjusting and determining a final second upper limit voltage value and a final second power current value according to the charging current of the lithium battery with the lithium separation phenomenon under the conditions of the preset temperature and the preset cycle number and in combination with the second upper limit voltage value to be determined.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein before the lithium battery is charged with the constant current and the constant voltage at the third rate of current value, the voltage of the lithium battery is increased from the second upper limit voltage value to the third upper limit voltage value, and the charging current of the lithium battery is cut off at the predetermined current value, the method further comprises the steps of:
according to the material characteristics of the lithium battery and the voltage value of the lithium battery with the lithium analysis phenomenon under the conditions of the preset temperature and the preset cycle number, the second upper limit voltage value is adjusted upwards to serve as a third upper limit voltage value;
and determining a third triple current value and a preset current value according to the third upper limit voltage value and the charging current of the lithium battery with the lithium precipitation phenomenon under the conditions of the preset temperature and the preset cycle number.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the first upper voltage is U-0.1V, the second upper voltage is U, and the third upper voltage is U +0.05V, where U is a rated voltage of the lithium battery.
10. A method for charging a lithium battery as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the large temperature window is 15 ℃ to 45 ℃.
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