CN115679240A - High-energy plasma spray gun device and method for in-situ atomization of metal or ceramic powder - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-energy plasma spray gun device for in-situ atomization of metal or ceramic powder, comprising a gun body and a Y-shaped anode and a cathode pierced in the gun body, and a chamber for containing high-energy plasma is formed between the Y-shaped anode and the cathode. The cavity forms a cooling channel with the gun body, and an insulating sleeve is arranged between the cathode, the gun body, and the Y-shaped anode. The insulating sleeve is respectively provided with a working gas path and a cooling water path, and the outer peripheral surface of the rear end of the Y-shaped anode There is a powder feeding channel, and the angle between the powder feeding channel and the central axis of the cavity is α=10°~80°; the method of the present invention is: the opening device sends working gas and cooling water, and metal or ceramic powder is sent into the Y-shaped In the channel structure, it is heated and melted to be atomized. The high-energy plasma spray gun device of the present invention improves the injection temperature and pressure of the high-energy plasma jet by setting a Y-shaped channel structure, promotes the full melting of refractory metal or high-melting point ceramic powder to form liquid droplets, and obtains fine and uniform atomized powder and high-quality coating.

Description

High-energy plasma spray gun device and method for atomizing metal or ceramic powder in situ

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of special equipment for metal or ceramic powder, and in particular relates to a high-energy plasma spray gun device and method for atomizing metal or ceramic powder in situ.

Background technique

High-energy plasma spraying technology is a new type of spraying process developed on the basis of ordinary atmospheric plasma spraying technology. It has the advantages of high power, high energy density and fast flying speed of sprayed particles. It is the development direction of plasma spraying technology in the future. Among them, the high-energy plasma spray gun is a device used to form and control the high-energy plasma arc, spray materials and shielding gas delivery, and is also the core component of the high-energy plasma spray equipment. However, due to the high melting point characteristics of refractory metals and ceramic materials, it is difficult to fully melt them with the general high-energy plasma spray guns currently used. Although increasing the spraying power helps to improve the melting degree of refractory metals and ceramic materials, but with the anode The outstanding problems of easy ablation and short service life.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a high-energy plasma spray gun device for atomizing metal or ceramic powder in situ in view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art. The device forms a Y-shaped channel structure by setting a Y-shaped anode, so that the injection diameter of the high-energy plasma jet is gradually reduced, thereby performing a strong mechanical compression on the high-energy plasma, increasing the injection temperature and pressure of the high-energy plasma jet, and promoting the refractory The metal or high-melting point ceramic material is fully melted to form droplets, and a fine and uniform refractory metal or ceramic atomized powder is obtained, which is conducive to obtaining high-quality refractory metal or ceramic coating, and solves the problem of anode ablation caused by conventional increased spraying power. The problem of longevity.

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a high-energy plasma spray gun device for in-situ atomization of metal or ceramic powder, which is characterized in that it includes a gun body and a Y-shaped anode that is pierced in the gun body and is movably connected. and the cathode, and the rear end of the Y-shaped anode and the front end of the cathode all extend out of the gun body, and a cavity for containing high-energy plasma is formed between the Y-shaped anode 1 and the cathode, and the Y-shaped anode, the cathode and the gun A cooling channel is formed between the bodies, and an insulating sleeve is provided between the outer circumference of the cathode and the inner wall of the gun body and the inner wall of the Y-shaped anode. The air path and the cooling water path communicated with the cooling channel, the Y-shaped anode 1 protruding from the rear end of the gun body is provided with a powder feeding channel communicating with the cavity containing the high-energy plasma, and the powder feeding channel is connected with the The included angle of the central axis of the cavity containing the high-energy plasma is α=10°~80°.

The above-mentioned high-energy plasma spray gun device for atomizing metal or ceramic powder in situ is characterized in that a cyclone-type powder feeding head is connected to the entrance of the powder feeding channel, and the cyclone-type powder feeding head is installed on the powder feeding rack On, and the powder feeding rack is fixed around the outer circumference of the Y-shaped anode.

The above-mentioned high-energy plasma spray gun device for atomizing metal or ceramic powder in situ is characterized in that the cyclone-type powder feeding head is formed by an inner tube and an outer tube, and the top of the inner tube is connected with a top feeding port , the side wall of the outer tube is connected with a side air inlet, and the side air inlet communicates with the cavity between the inner tube and the outer tube.

The above-mentioned high-energy plasma spray gun device for atomizing metal or ceramic powder in situ is characterized in that the number of the powder feeding channels is 3 to 6, and they are evenly distributed on the outer peripheral surface of the rear end of the gun body protruding from the Y-shaped anode superior.

The above-mentioned high-energy plasma spray gun device for atomizing metal or ceramic powder in situ is characterized in that water-cooling reinforcement blocks are distributed on the outer wall of the Y-shaped anode in the cooling channel.

The above-mentioned high-energy plasma spray gun device for atomizing metal or ceramic powder in situ is characterized in that the cathode is a retractable cathode that moves along the central axis of the gun body.

In addition, the present invention also discloses a method for in-situ atomization of metal or ceramic powder using the above-mentioned high-energy plasma spray gun device. The air path is sent into the Y-shaped channel structure to form high-energy plasma, and the cooling water is sent into the cooling channel through the cooling water channel for cooling. At the same time, the metal or ceramic powder is sent into the Y-shaped channel structure through the powder feeding channel to form high-energy plasma The interaction causes the metal or ceramic powder to be heated and melted and torn and atomized under the high-speed shear of the high-energy plasma, and the metal or ceramic atomized powder is formed after cooling.

The above method is characterized in that the particle size of the metal or ceramic powder is 10 μm to 100 μm, and the particle size of the metal or ceramic atomized powder is 1 μm to 5 μm.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

1, the high-energy plasma torch device of the present invention forms the Y-shaped channel structure that holds high-energy plasma by arranging Y-type anode, makes the injection diameter of high-energy plasma jet dwindle gradually, thereby carries out strong mechanical compression to high-energy plasma, has improved The energy density and speed of the high-energy plasma are conducive to increasing the injection temperature and pressure of the high-energy plasma jet, promoting the full melting of refractory metal or high-melting point ceramic powder to form droplets, and obtaining fine and uniform refractory metal or ceramic atomized powder. It is beneficial to obtain refractory metal or ceramic coatings with low porosity, low density and high bonding strength.

2. The high-energy plasma spray gun device of the present invention makes the refractory metal or ceramic powder form a conical shape with small divergence by setting the angle α=10°~80° between the powder feeding channel and the central axis of the cavity containing the high-energy plasma The powder flow rotates and gathers from the circumference to the center of the circle, which prolongs the movement path of the refractory metal or ceramic powder, increases the contact area between the refractory metal or ceramic powder and the high-temperature, high-pressure, high-energy plasma jet, and makes the refractory metal or ceramic powder rapidly It is fully heated and atomized in situ to obtain refractory metal or ceramic atomized powder with fine and uniform particles, which improves the compactness of the coating formed by spraying and reduces the porosity of the coating.

3. The high-energy plasma spray gun device of the present invention realizes the mixed gas- The independent delivery process of the solid two-phase flow and the disturbing gas makes the vortex generated by the interaction between the disturbing gas and the mixed gas-solid two-phase flow in the cavity containing the high-energy plasma, and promotes the refractory metal or ceramic powder to form a conical powder flow, which is effective It is beneficial to obtain fine and uniform refractory metal or ceramic atomized powder, avoiding the loss of refractory metal or ceramic powder and the blockage of cyclone powder feeding head.

4. The high-energy plasma spray gun device of the present invention connects the cyclone-type powder feeding head on the powder feeding channel, so that the refractory metal or ceramic powder enters the high-energy plasma in the form of rotation, and promotes the two to fully mix and interact, so that Large-sized (10μm~100μm) metal or ceramic powders are fully heated and melted to quickly atomize into small-sized (1μm~5μm) refractory metal or ceramic atomized powders, and the powder feeding efficiency is improved.

5. The high-energy plasma torch device of the present invention effectively controls the high-energy plasma by setting the cathode as a retractable cathode to adjust the center distance from the Y-shaped anode, and then adjusting the position, shape and size of the cavity for containing the high-energy plasma. The characteristics of the high-energy plasma jet formed by the body jet are convenient to adjust according to the melting point properties of different types of refractory metals or ceramic powders, which reduces energy waste and saves preparation costs while ensuring full melting of refractory metals or ceramic powders.

6. The present invention increases the contact area between the Y-type anode and the cooling water by distributing the water-cooling reinforcing block on the outer wall of the Y-type anode in the cooling channel, and improves the cooling effect of the cooling water passing into the cooling channel on the Y-type anode. The adverse effect of high heat on the Y-shaped anode and the gun body is further reduced.

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the high-energy plasma spray gun device of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship between the cyclone-type powder feeding head and the powder feeding frame in the high-energy plasma spray gun device of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the cyclone-type powder feeding head in the high-energy plasma spray gun device of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is an SEM image of zirconia ceramic powder in Example 2 of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is an SEM image of zirconia ceramic atomized powder in Example 2 of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a SEM image of alumina ceramic powder in Example 3 of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is an SEM image of alumina ceramic atomized powder in Example 3 of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a SEM image of alumina ceramic atomized powder in Example 4 of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a SEM image of NiCoCrAlY alloy powder in Example 5 of the present invention.

Fig. 10 is a SEM image of NiCoCrAlY alloy atomized powder in Example 5 of the present invention.

Fig. 11 is a SEM image of NiCoCrAlY alloy atomized powder in Example 6 of the present invention.

Explanation of reference signs: 1—Y type anode; 2—powder feeding channel; 3—Water-cooled strengthening block; 4—working gas path; 5—cathode; 6—Cooling water circuit; 7—insulation sleeve; 8—gun body; 9—Cyclone type powder feeding head; 10—top feed port; 11—side air inlet; 12—powder delivery rack.

Detailed ways

Example 1

As shown in Figure 1, the high-energy plasma torch device of the present embodiment comprises gun body 8 and the Y-type anode 1 and the negative electrode 5 that are pierced in the gun body 8 and are movable fitly connected, and the rear end of Y-shaped anode 1 and negative electrode 5 The front ends of each protrude from the gun body 8, a cavity for accommodating high-energy plasma is formed between the Y-shaped anode 1 and the cathode 5, and a cooling channel is formed between the Y-shaped anode 1, the cathode 5 and the gun body 8, And an insulating sleeve 7 is arranged between the outer circumference of the cathode 5 and the inner wall of the gun body 8 and the inner wall of the Y-shaped anode 1, and the insulating sleeve 7 is respectively provided with a working gas path communicating with the cavity containing the high-energy plasma 4. The cooling water channel 6 communicated with the cooling channel. The outer peripheral surface of the rear end of the gun body 8 protruding from the Y-shaped anode 1 is provided with a powder feeding channel 2 communicating with the cavity containing the high-energy plasma. The angle α between the channel 2 and the central axis of the cavity containing the high-energy plasma is 10°-80°.

As shown in Figure 1, in the high-energy plasma torch device of the present embodiment, the Y-shaped anode 1 and the negative electrode 5 that are movable fitly connected are set in the main structure gun body 8, and usually, the central axes of the Y-shaped anode 1 and the negative electrode 5 overlap and form The central axis of the gun body 8 makes the Y-type anode 1 and the cathode 5 adjusted to a suitable position and is firmly installed in the gun body 8 by a mating connection, which improves the structural stability and assembly flexibility of the high-energy plasma spray gun device; and the Y-type anode A cavity for accommodating high-energy plasma is formed between 1 and cathode 5, that is, the position, shape and size of the cavity for accommodating high-energy plasma are determined by the matching connection position of Y-shaped anode 1 and cathode 5, and then controlled The field characteristics of the high-energy plasma jet formed by the high-energy plasma jet are guaranteed, and the high-temperature and high-pressure characteristics of the high-energy plasma jet are guaranteed, so that the high-energy in-situ atomization of the refractory metal or ceramic powder fed in is carried out to ensure the in-situ spray The process is stable and smoothly carried out; the external structure based on the Y-shaped anode 1 is Y-shaped, and the cavity formed between the Y-shaped anode 1 and the cathode 5 for accommodating high-energy plasma is a Y-shaped channel structure, so that the high-energy plasma The ejection diameter of the jet is gradually reduced, thereby strongly mechanically compressing the high-energy plasma, increasing the energy density and velocity of the high-energy plasma, which is conducive to increasing the injection temperature and pressure of the high-energy plasma jet, and promoting the full melting of high-melting point ceramic materials. melt.

In this embodiment, a cooling channel is formed between the Y-shaped anode 1, the cathode 5 and the gun body 8, so that the cooling channel surrounds the outer circumference of the Y-shaped anode 1, and is used for real-time cooling of the Y-shaped anode 1, reducing the amount of air in the cavity. The high heat of the high-energy plasma jet has adverse effects on the Y-shaped anode 1 and the gun body 8, avoiding the excessive temperature of the in-situ atomization caused by overheating, and the burning of the refractory metal or ceramic powder, ensuring the safety of the in-situ atomization process. Proceed efficiently.

In the present embodiment, an insulating sleeve 7 is set between the periphery of the cathode 5 and the inner wall of the gun body 8 and the inner wall of the Y-type anode 1 to separate and insulate the cathode 5 from the gun body 8 and the Y-type anode 1, thereby avoiding the 5 contacts with the gun body 8 and the Y-shaped anode 1 to cause a short circuit or even a risk of leakage, which improves the safety of in-situ atomization; at the same time, by opening a hole on the insulating sleeve 7 that communicates with the cavity containing the high-energy plasma The working gas circuit 4 is used to input working gas into the cavity containing high-energy plasma, usually the working gas is argon, hydrogen or a mixed gas of argon and hydrogen, and the working gas is under the action of Y-shaped anode 1 and cathode 5 After ionization, a high-temperature, high-pressure plasma jet (usually above 5000 K) is formed, and as an energy source, the in-situ atomization of refractory metal or ceramic powder is realized, and a cooling water channel communicating with the cooling channel is opened on the insulating sleeve 7 6. It is used to feed cooling water into the cooling channel to quickly absorb and transfer the heat of the high-energy plasma jet, improving the real-time cooling efficiency.

In this embodiment, the rear end of the Y-shaped anode 1 and the front end of the cathode 5 are all stretched out from the gun body 8, and the front end of the gun body 8 in the cathode 5 is usually connected to an external power supply, thereby providing a high-energy plasma for the formation of Strong electric field, at the same time, on the outer peripheral surface of the rear end of the gun body 8 protruding from the Y-shaped anode 1, a powder feeding channel 2 communicating with the cavity containing the high-energy plasma is opened, so that the refractory metal or ceramic powder passes through the powder feeding channel 2 is sent into the cavity to mix with the high-temperature, high-pressure high-energy plasma jet, and is heated and rapidly melted and atomized into fine droplets. By setting the angle α between the powder feeding channel 2 and the central axis of the cavity containing the high-energy plasma to be 10 °~80°, so that the fed refractory metal or ceramic powder forms a conical powder flow with small divergence along the central axis of the cavity containing the high-energy plasma, and rotates and converges from the circumference to the center along the central axis. The high-temperature end of the high-energy plasma prolongs the movement path of the refractory metal or ceramic powder, increases the contact area between the refractory metal or ceramic powder and the high-temperature, high-pressure high-energy plasma jet, and increases the heating rate, thus making it difficult to Molten metal or ceramic powder is mixed with high-temperature, high-pressure high-energy plasma jet and heated rapidly, atomized in situ to form fine droplets, usually the diameter of fine droplets is only 1/10~1/ of the original particles of refractory metal or ceramic powder 20, and then spray and cool to obtain refractory metal or ceramic atomized powder with fine and uniform particles. The refractory metal or ceramic atomized powder is sprayed on the substrate to form a dense coating, which solves the problem of plasma jets formed by current plasma spray guns. For refractory metals such as NiCoCrAlY alloy powder particles, NiCrAlY alloy powder particles or high melting point ceramic materials such as zirconia (ZrO ₂ ), alumina (Al ₂ O ₃ ), chromium oxide (Cr ₂ O ₃ ) and titanium oxide (TiO ₂ ) and other ceramic powders are insufficiently melted, resulting in high porosity inside the formed coating, which is suitable for the processing and preparation of high-performance refractory metals and ceramic coatings. Generally, the higher the melting point of the refractory metal and ceramic powder, the smaller the angle α between the powder feeding channel 2 and the central axis of the cavity containing the high-energy plasma. Considering the difficulty of processing, set α to 10°~80°.

As shown in Figure 2, further, the entrance of the powder feeding channel 2 in this embodiment is connected with a cyclone-type powder feeding head 9, and the cyclone-type powder feeding head 9 is installed on a powder feeding frame 12, and The powder feeding rack 12 is fixed around the outer circumference of the Y-shaped anode 1 . In this embodiment, by connecting the cyclone-type powder feeding head 9 at the entrance of the powder feeding channel 2, the gas is used to send the refractory metal or ceramic powder through the powder feeding channel 2 into the cavity containing the high-energy plasma for in-situ atomization , so that the refractory metal or ceramic powder enters the high-energy plasma in a rotating form, so that the two are fully mixed and interacted, so that the large-size (10μm~100μm) refractory metal or ceramic powder is fully heated and melted, and then quickly atomized into Small size (1μm~5μm) refractory metal or ceramic atomized powder, and improved powder feeding efficiency; at the same time, the cyclone type powder feeding head 9 is installed on the powder feeding frame 12, and the powder feeding frame 12 is fixed around the Y The outer periphery of the cyclone-type anode 1 makes the connection between the cyclone-type powder feeding head 9 and the powder-feeding channel 2 stable, and avoids the loosening and falling off of the cyclone-type powder feeding head 9, especially when the gas is injected into the cyclone-type powder feeding process. The pressure generated in the powder delivery head 9 leads to loosening and falling off, which further ensures the stability and smooth progress of the in-situ atomization process.

As shown in Figure 3, further, the cyclone-type powder feeding head 9 in this embodiment is formed by an inner tube and an outer tube ring, and the top of the inner tube is connected with a top feed port 10, and the side of the outer tube is A side air inlet 11 is connected to the wall, and the side air inlet 11 communicates with the cavity between the inner tube and the outer tube. In this embodiment, the cyclone-type powder feeding head 9 is formed by setting the inner tube and the outer tube ring to form two independent cavity spaces, the inner cavity of the inner tube and the cavity of the inner tube and the outer tube ring. The top of the inner tube is connected to the top feeding port 10, which is used to flow the mixed gas-solid two-phase flow of refractory metal or ceramic powder and powder feeding gas through the top feeding port 10 into the cyclone type powder feeding head 9, and then through the feeding port 9. The powder channel 2 enters the cavity containing the high-energy plasma, realizing the independent airflow powder feeding process, by connecting the side air inlet 11 on the side wall of the outer tube, and the side air inlet 11 is connected with the inner tube and the outer tube The cavity between them is connected, and is used to send the disturbed flow gas into the cyclone powder feeding head 9 through the side air inlet 11, and then enter the cavity containing the high-energy plasma through the powder feeding channel 2, and mix with the mixed gas- The action of the solid two-phase flow produces a vortex, which further promotes the refractory metal or ceramic powder to form a conical powder flow, which is quickly and fully heated to form fine droplets, and a fine and uniform refractory metal or ceramic atomized powder is obtained; therefore, this implementation The mixed gas-solid two-phase flow and the feeding of the interfering gas in the example are both independent processes, and the two do not interfere with each other. They interact only when they enter the cavity containing the high-energy plasma, avoiding the mixed gas-solid two-phase flow. Flow and interfering gas will act in the cyclone type powder feeding head 9, causing refractory metal or ceramic powder to remain in the cyclone type powder feeding head 9, resulting in losses, or even blocking the cyclone type powder feeding head 9, affecting the powder feeding process went well.

Further, in this embodiment, the number of powder feeding channels 2 is 3 to 6, and they are evenly distributed on the outer peripheral surface of the rear end of the Y-shaped anode 1 protruding from the gun body 8 . In this embodiment, by increasing the number of powder feeding channels 2, and controlling the powder feeding channels 2 to be uniformly distributed on the rear end peripheral surface of the Y-shaped anode 1 protruding from the gun body 8, the refractory metal or ceramic powder is fed through each powder feeding channel. Channel 2 is evenly fed into the cavity containing high-energy plasma, which improves the powder feeding efficiency, and the uniformity of mixing refractory metal or ceramic powder with high-temperature, high-pressure high-energy plasma jet, further improves the refractory metal or ceramic atomized powder. dimensional uniformity.

As shown in FIG. 1 , further, water-cooling reinforcing blocks 3 are distributed on the outer wall of the Y-shaped anode 1 in the cooling channel in this embodiment. In the present embodiment, by distributing the water-cooled strengthening block 3 on the outer wall of the Y-shaped anode 1 in the cooling channel, the contact area between the Y-shaped anode 1 and the cooling water is increased, and the cooling water passing into the cooling channel has a greater impact on the Y-shaped anode 1. The cooling effect further reduces the adverse effects of high heat on the Y-shaped anode 1 and the gun body 8.

Further, the cathode 5 in this embodiment is a retractable cathode that moves along the central axis of the gun body 8 . In this embodiment, the cathode 5 is set as a retractable cathode that moves along the central axis of the gun body 8, and the distance between the center of the cathode 5 and the Y-shaped anode 1 is adjusted by moving the cathode 5 back and forth along the central axis of the gun body 8, thereby adjusting The position, shape and size of the cavity for containing the high-energy plasma effectively control the characteristics of the high-energy plasma jet formed by the high-energy plasma jet.

The method for atomizing metal or ceramic powder in situ of the present invention is described in detail through Examples 2 to 6.

Example 2

The specific process of the preparation method in this embodiment is: turn on the high-energy plasma spray gun device, set the angle α between the powder feeding channel 2 and the central axis of the cavity containing the high-energy plasma to be 30°, and send the working gas argon through the working gas path 4. into the Y-shaped channel structure and form high-energy plasma, and the cooling water is sent into the cooling channel through the cooling water channel 6 for cooling, and the zirconia ceramic powder (as shown in Figure 4) with a particle size of about 45 μm is passed through the powder feeding channel 2. It is sent into the Y-shaped channel structure to interact with the high-energy plasma jet, so that the zirconia ceramic powder is heated and melted, and is torn and atomized under the high-speed shear of the high-energy plasma to form fine zirconia ceramic droplets. Zirconia ceramic atomized powder with a particle size of 1 μm to 5 μm was obtained after cooling (as shown in Figure 5).

Example 3

The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 2 is that the angle α between the powder feeding channel 2 and the central axis of the cavity containing the high-energy plasma is set to 60°, and the ceramic powder used is alumina with a particle size of 80 μm to 100 μm. Ceramic powder (as shown in Figure 6), atomized and cooled to obtain alumina ceramic atomized powder with a particle size of about 5 μm (as shown in Figure 7).

Example 4

The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 2 is that the angle α between the powder feeding channel 2 and the central axis of the cavity containing the high-energy plasma is set to 45°, and the ceramic powder used is alumina with a particle size of 80 μm to 100 μm. Ceramic powder, atomized and cooled to obtain alumina ceramic atomized powder with a particle size of about 3 μm (as shown in Figure 8).

Example 5

The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 2 is: the angle α between the central axis of the powder feeding channel 2 and the cavity containing the high-energy plasma is set to 10°, and the refractory metal powder used is 50 μm to 70 μm in particle size. NiCoCrAlY alloy powder (as shown in Figure 9), after atomization, cooled to obtain NiCoCrAlY alloy atomized powder with a particle size of about 10 μm (as shown in Figure 10).

Example 6

The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 2 is: the angle α between the central axis of the powder feeding channel 2 and the cavity containing the high-energy plasma is set to 80°, and the refractory metal powder used is 50 μm~70 μm in particle size. NiCoCrAlY alloy powder (as shown in Figure 9), atomized and cooled to obtain NiCoCrAlY alloy atomized powder with a particle size of about 1 μm to 3 μm (as shown in Figure 11).

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the present invention in any way. All simple modifications, changes and equivalent changes made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the invention still belong to the protection scope of the technical solution of the invention.

Claims (8)

1. A high-energy plasma spray gun device for in-situ atomization of metal or ceramic powder, characterized in that it includes a gun body (8) and a Y-shaped anode (1) and cathode ( 5), and the rear end of the Y-shaped anode (1) and the front end of the cathode (5) both protrude from the gun body (8), and the gap between the Y-shaped anode (1) and the cathode (5) is used to accommodate high-energy plasma The cavity of the body, the Y-shaped anode (1), the cathode (5) and the gun body (8) form a cooling channel, and the outer circumference of the cathode (5) and the inner wall of the gun body (8), the Y-shaped anode ( 1) An insulating sleeve (7) is provided between the inner walls, and the insulating sleeve (7) is provided with a working gas path (4) communicating with the cavity containing the high-energy plasma and a cooling channel communicating with the cooling channel. Waterway (6), the outer peripheral surface of the rear end of the gun body (8) protruding from the Y-shaped anode (1) is provided with a powder feeding channel (2) communicating with the cavity containing the high-energy plasma. The angle between the channel (2) and the central axis of the cavity containing the high-energy plasma is α=10°-80°. 2. The high-energy plasma spray gun device for in-situ atomizing metal or ceramic powder according to claim 1, characterized in that a cyclone-type powder feeding head (9) is connected to the entrance of the powder feeding channel (2), The cyclone type powder feeding head (9) is installed on the powder feeding frame (12), and the powder feeding frame (12) is fixed around the outer circumference of the Y-shaped anode (1). 3. The high-energy plasma spray gun device for in-situ atomization of metal or ceramic powder according to claim 1, characterized in that the cyclone-type powder feeding head (9) is formed by an inner tube and an outer tube ring, and The top of the inner tube is connected with a top feeding port (10), and the side wall of the outer tube is connected with a side air inlet (11), and the side air inlet (11) is connected with the inner tube and the outer tube. cavity connected. 4. The high-energy plasma spray gun device for atomizing metal or ceramic powder in situ according to claim 1, characterized in that, the number of the powder feeding channels (2) is 3 to 6, and they are evenly distributed on the Y-shaped anode 1, stretch out on the rear end peripheral surface of the gun body (8). 5. The high-energy plasma spray gun device for in-situ atomization of metal or ceramic powder according to claim 1, characterized in that water-cooling reinforcing blocks (3) are distributed on the outer wall of the Y-shaped anode (1) in the cooling channel. 6. The high-energy plasma spray gun device for atomizing metal or ceramic powder in situ according to claim 1, characterized in that the cathode (5) is a retractable cathode that moves along the central axis of the gun body (8). 7. A method of utilizing the high-energy plasma spray gun device according to any one of claims 1 to 6 to carry out in-situ atomization of metal or ceramic powder, characterized in that, the specific process of the method is: opening the high-energy plasma spray gun The device sends the working gas into the Y-shaped channel structure through the working gas path (4) to form high-energy plasma, and sends the cooling water into the cooling channel through the cooling water path (6) for cooling, and at the same time sends the metal or ceramic powder through the The powder channel (2) is sent into the Y-shaped channel structure to interact with the high-energy plasma, so that the metal or ceramic powder is heated and melted, and is torn and atomized under the high-speed shearing action of the high-energy plasma, and forms a metal or ceramic after cooling Atomized powder. 8 . The method according to claim 7 , wherein the particle size of the metal or ceramic powder is 10 μm to 100 μm, and the particle size of the metal or ceramic atomized powder is 1 μm to 5 μm.

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