CN115572636A - 一种耐高压长寿命的液压油及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种耐高压长寿命的液压油及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical class OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
- C10M169/044—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of non-macromolecular and macromolecular compounds
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- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
- C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
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Abstract
本发明属于润滑油技术领域，公开了一种耐高压长寿命的液压油，包括以下重量份的原料：基础油100‑150份、抗磨剂3‑6份、抗氧剂1‑2份、防腐蚀剂1‑2份、金属减活剂0.5‑1份、防锈剂2‑6份、抗乳化剂0.1‑0.5份、抗泡剂0.1‑0.5份。本发明制备的液压油具有高清洁度和耐高压性能，能够满足间隙小于3μm的伺服阀要求；粘度适宜，并且具有良好的高低温性能、抗磨性、防锈性、氧化安定性、水解安定性及热稳定性，同时具有抗乳化性和兼容性，在超长时间运行后仍能保持粘度和润滑，延长运动部件的使用寿命。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于润滑油技术领域，更具体的说是涉及一种耐高压长寿命的液压油及其制备方法。
背景技术
由于液压传动容易实现高速、高精度控制、反应灵敏等优点，已经越来越广泛地用于机械装备领域。液压系统通过液压油来实现能量的传递、转换和控制，同时液压油对系统还具有润滑、防锈、防腐、冷却等作用。因此，液压油对液压系统起着至关重要的作用。随着我国制造业的发展，大型机械或特殊机械设备液压系统需要在极高压力(10MPa以上)，高速冲击负荷下工作，这对液压油的耐高压(具有高清洁度、耐磨性能)、密封性能(与密封圈等相容性良好，不漏油)、抗磨要求也越来越高。
中国专利CN114657012A中介绍了一种高清洁高压无灰抗磨液压油，但配方中基础油为矿物油存在热稳定性较差、使用寿命较短的问题，此外，该产品在密封性能方面没有明显指示。
因此，如何提供一种在高压、超低温环境下使用，密封性能良好，寿命长的液压油，是本领域技术人员亟需解决的问题。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术中的缺点和不足，本发明提供了一种耐高压长寿命的液压油，不仅高清洁度、耐高压，还具有极佳的润滑性能和抗磨损性能，在超长时间运行后仍能保持粘度和润滑。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种耐高压长寿命的液压油，包括以下重量份的原料：基础油100-150份、抗磨剂3-6份、抗氧剂1-2份、防腐蚀剂1-2份、金属减活剂0.5-1份、防锈剂2-6份、抗乳化剂0.1-0.5份、抗泡剂0.1-0.5份。
优选的，所述基础油为PAO4与三羟甲基丙烷酯的混合物；所述基础油40℃时粘度为16-25mm2/s，-40℃时粘度为2100-2600mm2/s；所述三羟甲基丙烷酯40℃时粘度为16mm2/s。
上述技术方案的有益效果是：基础油为小粘度全合成基础油，倾点低、低温流动性好，能够适用于高寒、昼夜温差大的区域或机械设备，应用更加广泛；全合成基础油性能稳定、热稳定性好，能够满足长使用周期要求；PAO4与三羟甲基丙烷酯具体添加比例进行合理复配，使其具有橡胶相容性好的优势，与液压系统中橡胶密封件相容性好，不易造成因密封件溶胀/紧缩而引起的液压油泄露，满足耐高压的要求。
优选的，所述抗磨剂为磷酸酯类抗磨剂、硫代磷酸酯类抗磨剂、氨基酯类抗磨剂中的任意一种或多种的混合物。
上述技术方案的有益效果是：抗磨剂能够在金属表面形成油膜，起到抗磨、减磨效果，能够帮助液压油适应高速、高压环境，延长部件工作寿命并且延长换油周期，从而满足长寿命的要求。此外，上述抗磨剂为无灰抗磨剂，不仅满足绿色环保的要求，而且无灰液压油对铜部件不会产生腐蚀，更适合于有铜或铜合金部件的柱塞泵，应用范围广，良好的抗氧化性、防锈性，大大减少了油泥和酸性物质，保证系统清洁，减少故障的发生，延长油品的使用寿命。
优选的，所述抗氧剂为胺类抗氧剂、酚类抗氧剂中的任意一种或多种的混合物。
上述技术方案的有益效果是：液压油的氧化是影响液压油寿命的重要因素，本方案中优选的抗氧剂能够更好的与油品形成的自由基发生反应，使其转化为较稳定的化合物，不再与其他烃分子或氧发生反应，切断油品氧化反应链，延缓氧化。
优选的，所述防腐蚀剂为烷基硫代氨基甲酸酯类中的任意一种或多种的混合物。
上述技术方案的有益效果是：成本低，能提高液压油的综合性能，对液压油防锈、防腐、防氧化效果大大提升，延长使用周期，对液压系统起到很好的保护作用。
优选的，所述金属减活剂为苯三唑衍生物中的任意一种或多种的混合物。
上述技术方案的有益效果是：金属减活剂通过与金属离子反应生成螯合物，或在金属表面生成防护隔离膜，从而阻止金属对油品的氧化催化。
优选的，所述防锈剂为磷酸酯类、季戊四醇酯中的任意一种或多种的混合物。
上述技术方案的有益效果是：防锈剂通过物理吸附或化学吸附作用吸附在金属表面，改变金属表面状态从而达到液压系统中金属防锈的目的。
优选的，所述抗乳化剂为聚醚类高分子化合物中的任意一种或多种的混合物。
上述技术方案的有益效果是：液压油中的水危害很大，会引起金属锈蚀、促进液压油挥发，甚至液压油相互作用生成沉淀、腐蚀性物质及其他有害物质。加入抗乳化剂能够加速油-水分离，防止乳化液的形成，提高液压油抗乳化能力。
优选的，所述抗泡剂为甲基硅油类中的任意一种或多种的混合物。
上述技术方案的有益效果是：液压循环系统中，混有空气的液压油使系统的压力降低，润滑条件恶化，加入抗泡剂能够抑制油品泡沫的产生，并使泡沫破裂。
本发明还提供了所述的一种耐高压长寿命的液压油的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)按所述重量份，将基础油、抗磨剂、抗氧剂、防腐蚀剂、金属减活剂、防锈剂、抗乳化剂、抗泡剂依次加入容器中，开启机械搅拌，升温至50℃，持续搅拌10min；
(2)升温至85℃，继续搅拌60min，然后冷却到室温，得到液压油。
经由上述的技术方案可知，与现有技术相比，本发明提供了一种耐高压长寿命的液压油，具有以下有益效果：
本发明制备的液压油高清洁度、耐高压，无灰配方，清洁度为6级，能够满足间隙小于3μm的伺服阀要求。粘度适宜，并且具有良好的高低温性能、抗磨性、防锈性、氧化安定性、水解安定性及热稳定性，同时具有抗乳化性和兼容性，其各项性能完全满足GB/T 11118.1-2011标准规定的HS液压油的技术要求，并且该产品也满足GJB 3238A-2020《炮用液压油》标准。本发明可适合高压、超低温环境下使用。本发明的液压油具有极佳的润滑性能和抗磨损性能，在超长时间运行后仍能保持粘度和润滑，加上它极佳的抗磨损性能，延长运动部件的使用寿命。此外，还具有优异的储放稳定性，油品性能稳定，无沉淀等优势。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
(1)按照各组分的重量份数分别进行称取，将100份的基础油(PAO4与三羟甲基丙烷酯质量比为7：3，基础油40℃粘度为16.5mm2/s)，3份的磷酸三甲酚酯(T306)和1份的硫代磷酸三苯酯(T309)抗磨剂，1份的辛基丁基二苯胺(L57)抗氧剂，1份的烷基硫代氨基甲酸酯(4002)防腐蚀剂，1份的苯三唑衍生物(Irgamet 39)金属减活剂，2份的季戊四醇酯单油酸酯防锈剂，0.2份的聚醚类高分子化合物(DL32)抗乳化剂，0.1份的二甲基硅油(201-100)抗泡剂，依次加入容器中，开启机械搅拌，升温至50℃，持续搅拌10min；
(2)升温至85℃，继续搅拌60min，然后冷却到室温，得到液压油。
实施例2
(1)按照各组分的重量份数分别进行称取，将100份的基础油(PAO4与三羟甲基丙烷酯质量比为7.5：2.5，基础油40℃粘度为17.0mm2/s)，3份的三苯基硫代磷酸盐(TPPT)和1份的硫代磷酸三苯酯(T309)抗磨剂，0.5份的辛基丁基二苯胺抗氧剂(L57)，0.5份的酚类抗氧剂(L135)，1份的烷基硫代氨基甲酸酯(4002)防腐蚀剂，0.5份的苯三唑衍生物(Irgamet39)金属减活剂，2份的季戊四醇酯单油酸酯防锈剂，0.1份的聚醚类高分子化合物(DL32)抗乳化剂，0.2份的二甲基硅油(201-100)抗泡剂。依次加入容器中，开启机械搅拌，升温至50℃，持续搅拌10min；
(2)升温至85℃，继续搅拌60min，然后冷却到室温，得到液压油。
实施例3
(1)按照各组分的重量份数分别进行称取，将100份的基础油(PAO4与三羟甲基丙烷酯质量比为8：2，基础油40℃粘度为17.8mm2/s)，3份的磷酸三甲酚酯(T306)和1份的硫代磷酸三苯酯(T309)抗磨剂，0.5份的辛基丁基二苯胺抗氧剂(L57)，0.5份的酚类抗氧剂(L135)，1份的烷基硫代氨基甲酸酯(4002)防腐蚀剂，0.5份的苯三唑衍生物(T551)金属减活剂，2份的季戊四醇酯单油酸酯防锈剂，0.1份的聚醚类高分子化合物(DL32)抗乳化剂，0.1份的二甲基硅油(201-100)抗泡剂依次加入容器中，开启机械搅拌，升温至50℃，持续搅拌10min；
(2)升温至85℃，继续搅拌60min，然后冷却到室温，得到液压油。
实施例4
(1)按照各组分的重量份数分别进行称取，将100份的基础油(PAO4与三羟甲基丙烷酯比例为85：15，基础油40℃粘度为18.4mm2/s)，3份的磷酸三甲酚酯(T306)和1份的硫代磷酸三苯酯(T309)抗磨剂，1份的酚类抗氧剂(T502A)抗氧剂，1份的烷基硫代氨基甲酸酯(4002)防腐蚀剂，0.5份的苯三唑衍生物(Irgamet 39)金属减活剂，2份的季戊四醇酯单油酸酯防锈剂，0.1份的聚醚类高分子化合物(DL32)抗乳化剂，0.1份的二甲基硅油(201-100)抗泡剂依次加入容器中，开启机械搅拌，升温至50℃，持续搅拌10min；
(2)升温至85℃，继续搅拌60min，然后冷却到室温，得到液压油。
实施例5
(1)按照各组分的重量份数分别进行称取，将100份的基础油(PAO4与三羟甲基丙烷酯比例为9：1，基础油40℃粘度为19.1mm2/s)，3份的磷酸三甲酚酯(T306)和1份的硫代磷酸三苯酯(T309)抗磨剂，1份的辛基丁基二苯胺(L135)抗氧剂，1份的烷基硫代氨基甲酸酯(4002)防腐蚀剂，0.5份的苯三唑衍生物(T551)金属减活剂，2份的季戊四醇酯单油酸酯防锈剂，0.1份的胺与环氧乙烷缩合物(T1001)抗乳化剂，0.1份的二甲基硅油(201-100)抗泡剂依次加入容器中，开启机械搅拌，升温至50℃，持续搅拌10min；
(2)升温至85℃，继续搅拌60min，然后冷却到室温，得到液压油。
对比例1
对比例1的制备方法与实施例1相同，区别之处在于，基础油组分仅有PAO4，不加入三羟甲基丙烷酯。
本发明根据GB/T 265评定液压油-40℃和40℃时的粘度，根据GB/T 3535评定油品倾点等低温性能。根据NB/SH/T0882-2014润滑油极压性能的测定SRV试验机法，通过实验测试出的摩擦系数评定制备液压油摩擦学性能，试验条件为50℃、100N、30min。根据SH/T0305评定油品密封性能，根据NAS 1638评定油品清洁度。
实施例与对比例所制备液压油为流体状态，其检测性能典型数据如表1、表2、表3所示。
表1
表2
表3
本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处，各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。对于实施例公开的方案而言，由于其与实施例公开的方法相对应，所以描述的比较简单，相关之处参见方法部分说明即可。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种耐高压长寿命的液压油，其特征在于，包括以下重量份的原料：基础油100-150份、抗磨剂3-6份、抗氧剂1-2份、防腐蚀剂1-2份、金属减活剂0.5-1份、防锈剂2-6份、抗乳化剂0.1-0.5份、抗泡剂0.1-0.5份。。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐高压长寿命的液压油，其特征在于，所述基础油为PAO4与三羟甲基丙烷酯的混合物；所述基础油40℃时粘度为16-25mm2/s，-40℃时粘度为2100-2600mm2/s；所述三羟甲基丙烷酯40℃时粘度为16mm2/s。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐高压长寿命的液压油，其特征在于，所述抗磨剂为磷酸酯类抗磨剂、硫代磷酸酯类抗磨剂、氨基酯类抗磨剂中的任意一种或多种的混合物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐高压长寿命的液压油，其特征在于，所述抗氧剂为胺类抗氧剂、酚类抗氧剂中的任意一种或多种的混合物。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐高压长寿命的液压油，其特征在于，所述防腐蚀剂为烷基硫代氨基甲酸酯类中的任意一种或多种的混合物。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐高压长寿命的液压油，其特征在于，所述金属减活剂为苯三唑衍生物中的任意一种或多种的混合物。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐高压长寿命的液压油，其特征在于，所述防锈剂为磷酸酯类、季戊四醇酯中的任意一种或多种的混合物。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐高压长寿命的液压油，其特征在于，所述抗乳化剂为聚醚类高分子化合物中的任意一种或多种的混合物。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐高压长寿命的液压油，其特征在于，所述抗泡剂为甲基硅油类中的任意一种或多种的混合物。
10.根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的一种耐高压长寿命的液压油的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)按所述重量份，将基础油、抗磨剂、抗氧剂、防腐蚀剂、金属减活剂、防锈剂、抗乳化剂、抗泡剂依次加入容器中，开启机械搅拌，升温至50℃，持续搅拌10min；
(2)升温至85℃，继续搅拌60min，然后冷却到室温，得到液压油。
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