CN115506201B - Antiskid curbstone, manufacturing process and pavement paving structure - Google Patents
Antiskid curbstone, manufacturing process and pavement paving structure Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115506201B CN115506201B CN202211320882.0A CN202211320882A CN115506201B CN 115506201 B CN115506201 B CN 115506201B CN 202211320882 A CN202211320882 A CN 202211320882A CN 115506201 B CN115506201 B CN 115506201B
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- Prior art keywords
- curbstone
- slip
- plane section
- cambered surface
- skid
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C11/00—Details of pavings
- E01C11/22—Gutters; Kerbs ; Surface drainage of streets, roads or like traffic areas
- E01C11/221—Kerbs or like edging members, e.g. flush kerbs, shoulder retaining means ; Joint members, connecting or load-transfer means specially for kerbs
- E01C11/222—Raised kerbs, e.g. for sidewalks ; Integrated or portable means for facilitating ascent or descent
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B19/00—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group
- B24B19/22—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group characterised by a special design with respect to properties of the material of non-metallic articles to be ground
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
- B28D1/00—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor
- B28D1/22—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor by cutting, e.g. incising
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
- B28D1/00—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor
- B28D1/26—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor by impact tools, e.g. by chisels or other tools having a cutting edge
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C11/00—Details of pavings
- E01C11/24—Methods or arrangements for preventing slipperiness or protecting against influences of the weather
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C7/00—Coherent pavings made in situ
- E01C7/08—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders
- E01C7/32—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders of courses of different kind made in situ
- E01C7/325—Joining different layers, e.g. by adhesive layers; Intermediate layers, e.g. for the escape of water vapour, for spreading stresses
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an anti-skid curbstone, a manufacturing process and a pavement paving structure. The anti-slip curbstone comprises a curbstone body, wherein the curbstone body is of a rectangular structure, the upper surface of the curbstone body is composed of a high plane section, a low plane section and an arc surface connecting the high plane section and the low plane section, and the arc surface is composed of a concave arc surface and a convex arc surface; one end of the concave cambered surface is smoothly connected with one end of the convex cambered surface, the other end of the concave cambered surface is smoothly connected with the low plane section, and the other end of the convex cambered surface is smoothly connected with the high plane section; the cambered surface is provided with anti-slip grooves along the length direction of the curbstone body, and the anti-slip grooves are uniformly arranged at intervals along the width direction of the curbstone body so as to form an anti-slip cambered surface on the cambered surface. According to the invention, the anti-slip grooves are formed on the cambered surface to form the anti-slip cambered surface on the cambered surface, so that an anti-slip effect is achieved, the problems of poor anti-slip performance and hidden danger of falling of pedestrians in the existing arc-shaped curbstone are solved, and walking feeling is not influenced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of road construction, in particular to an anti-skid road edge stone, a manufacturing process and a pavement paving structure.
Background
Curbstone is also known as curbstone or curbstone, curbstone. The road surface is generally arranged on the left side and the right side of the road surface and is used for distinguishing boundary lines of a roadway, a pavement, a green space, a separation belt and other parts of the road on the road surface, so that the effects of guaranteeing traffic safety of pedestrians and vehicles and guaranteeing tidy edges of the road surface are achieved.
The road curbs on two sides of the urban pavement are generally rectangular in cross section, so that the pavement and the pavement are clearly separated, and meanwhile, the effect of preventing vehicles from turning over the road curbs to enter the pavement is achieved. However, in some parks or residential communities, the road is not allowed to pass through, so that the road edge stone cross section is not a conventional rectangular structure, but is designed into a soft arc-shaped structure so as to be better engaged with the road edge, and the environment coordination is better. Based on the fact that the surface of the existing curbstone in a park or a district is a smooth arc surface, many parents take the nature of playing with children when walking in the park, the district or the roadside green belt, and many children have great preference for walking on the curbstone.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to solve the technical problems that: the anti-slip curbstone, the manufacturing process and the pavement paving structure solve the problems that the existing arc curbstone is poor in anti-slip performance and has hidden danger of falling down of pedestrians, and walking feeling is not affected.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the anti-slip curbstone comprises a curbstone body, wherein the curbstone body is of a rectangular structure, the upper surface of the curbstone body is composed of a high-plane section, a low-plane section and an arc surface for connecting the high-plane section and the low-plane section, the arc surface is composed of a concave arc surface and a convex arc surface, one end of the concave arc surface is smoothly connected with one end of the convex arc surface, the other end of the concave arc surface is smoothly connected with the low-plane section, and the other end of the convex arc surface is smoothly connected with the high-plane section; the cambered surface is provided with anti-slip grooves along the length direction of the curbstone body, and the anti-slip grooves are uniformly arranged at intervals along the width direction of the curbstone body so as to form an anti-slip cambered surface on the cambered surface.
Further, the bottom of each anti-slip groove is an inclined plane and is parallel to the notch.
Further, the depth of the anti-slip groove is 3mm, and the width of the anti-slip groove is 3mm; the interval between two adjacent anti-slip grooves is 3mm.
Further, the curbstone body is made of granite.
Based on the upper anti-skid kerb, the invention also provides a manufacturing process of the anti-skid kerb, which comprises the following steps:
1) Pre-processing a curbstone blank with a rectangular cross section;
2) Marking the positions of the low plane sections and the final positions of all the to-be-obtained anti-skid grooves at the two ends of the curb blank in the length direction through marking lines, wherein the final positions comprise depth, width and the distance between two adjacent anti-skid grooves;
3) Cutting along the corresponding marking lines by using a cutting tool to obtain a low plane section and all the anti-skid grooves, wherein the surface of the low plane section is only communicated with the adjacent anti-skid grooves; at the moment, the upper surfaces of all the anti-skid grooves are level, and the groove depth is the marked groove depth in the step 2);
4) The solid part between the two anti-slip grooves is knocked through a knocking tool, so that the solid part is broken from the root part close to the anti-slip grooves;
5) The broken parts are polished by a polishing tool, so that all the broken parts are polished to obtain an integral smooth cambered surface, and the manufacture of the anti-skid curbstone is completed.
Further, when the anti-slip groove is cut, the thickness of the cutting tool is matched with the width of the anti-slip groove.
The invention also provides an anti-skid road edge stone pavement paving structure, which comprises a plain soil layer on a pavement, wherein a gravel concrete cushion layer is paved on the surface of the plain soil layer, a row of road edge stones are paved on the surface of the gravel concrete cushion layer along the length direction of the pavement, the road edge stones are the anti-skid road edge stones, the road layer is paved on the side of the low plane section of the anti-skid road edge stones, the surface of the road layer is coplanar with the low plane section of the anti-skid road edge stones, a pavement layer or a greening land is paved on the side of the high plane section of the gravel concrete cushion layer, and the surface of the pavement layer is coplanar with the high plane section of the anti-skid road edge stones.
Further, the pavement layer is composed of a pavement layer, a cement mortar layer and a cement mortar bonding layer from top to bottom in sequence, and the pavement layer is uniformly paved on the upper surface of the cement mortar layer and is coplanar with the high-plane section of the anti-skid pavement.
Further, each row of the anti-skid road edge stones is formed by arranging a plurality of anti-skid road edge stones in sequence, and adjacent anti-skid road edge stones are filled with pointing agents.
Further, the pointing agent consists of sesame gray granite powder, glue and an adhesive.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. in the scheme, the surface of the curbstone body is divided into a high plane section and a low plane section through the cambered surface, and the cambered surface is formed by a concave cambered surface and a convex cambered surface, so that the pavement and the sidewalk, the pavement and the greening ground and the pavement and the greening ground are conveniently connected, the drop between every two is reduced, and the feeling of suddenly stepping down is avoided; by arranging the anti-slip grooves on the cambered surface, the anti-slip cambered surface is formed on the cambered surface, and an anti-slip effect is achieved, so that the problems that the existing arc-shaped curbstone is poor in anti-slip performance and potential hazards of falling down of pedestrians are solved.
2. The cambered surface is smooth with the high-low plane section, the anti-slip grooves on the cambered surface are densely arranged, and the solid parts between the anti-slip grooves do not have obvious convex feeling, so that the integral curve of the cambered surface is not damaged, and the uncomfortable feeling caused by the existence of the anti-slip grooves is avoided even if the robot walks on the cambered surface.
3. According to the invention, the surface of the curbstone body is cut into a plurality of blocks along the marking line according to the interval distance by a cutting tool, and each block is broken by the tool so as to be close to the root for breaking; and finally, rough machining is carried out on the broken part of the arc line section of the marking line through a polishing tool so as to form an anti-slip groove, so that grooving is avoided after the arc line section is polished smoothly, and unnecessary working procedures are increased. And the manufacturing process is simpler and the efficiency is higher.
Drawings
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of an anti-slip curbstone of the present invention;
FIG. 2a is a schematic view of a curbstone blank in the process of the present invention;
FIG. 2b is a schematic view of a mark line for marking the end face of a curb blank in the manufacturing process of the present invention;
FIG. 2c is a schematic view of cutting anti-slip grooves along marked lines on a curb blank in the fabrication process of the present invention;
FIG. 2d is a schematic diagram of the curb blank according to the present invention after breaking the root of the anti-slip groove;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of the construction of the non-slip curbstone pavement of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a curbstone body; 2. a cambered surface; 3. an anti-slip groove; 4. a plain soil layer; 5. a sandstone concrete cushion layer; 6. a road surface layer; 7. a cement mortar layer; 8. a cement mortar bonding layer;
11. a high plane section; 12. a low plane section;
21. a concave cambered surface; 22. a convex cambered surface.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment provides an anti-slip curbstone, which comprises a curbstone body 1, wherein the longitudinal section of the curbstone body is of a rectangular structure, the upper surface of the curbstone body is composed of a high-plane section 11, a low-plane section 12 and an arc surface connecting the high-plane section and the low-plane section, the arc surface is composed of a concave arc surface 21 and a convex arc surface 22, one end of the concave arc surface is smoothly connected with one end of the convex arc surface, the other end of the concave arc surface is smoothly connected with the low-plane section, and the other end of the convex arc surface is smoothly connected with the high-plane section; the anti-slip grooves 3 are formed in the cambered surface along the length direction of the curbstone body, and are uniformly formed at intervals along the width direction of the curbstone body so as to form an anti-slip cambered surface on the cambered surface.
In the scheme, the upper surface of the curbstone body consists of a high plane section, a low plane section and an arc surface connecting the high plane section and the low plane section, the arc surface consists of a concave arc surface and a convex arc surface, the high plane section and the low plane section are convenient for connection between a pavement and a sidewalk, between the pavement and a greening ground and between the pavement and the greening ground, the drop between every two is reduced, and the abrupt stepping sensation is avoided; by arranging the anti-slip grooves on the cambered surface, the anti-slip cambered surface is formed on the cambered surface to play a role in preventing slipping, so that the problems that the existing arc-shaped curbstone is poor in anti-slip performance and hidden danger of falling down of pedestrians are solved.
In this embodiment, the bottom of each anti-slip groove 3 is an inclined plane and parallel to the notch.
Thus, when the anti-slip effect can be achieved, foreign matters in the anti-slip grooves, such as soil, sand and the like, are convenient to clean.
In the embodiment, the groove depth of the anti-slip grooves is 3mm, the groove width of the anti-slip grooves is 3mm, and the interval between two adjacent anti-slip grooves is 3mm.
Therefore, in order to prevent objects larger than the groove width of the anti-slip groove from falling into or being blocked into the anti-slip groove, the influence on walking of pedestrians caused by the too wide groove width of the anti-slip groove during false stepping is avoided. Meanwhile, the anti-slip grooves on the cambered surface are densely arranged, and the solid parts between the anti-slip grooves do not have obvious protruding feeling, so that the integral curve of the cambered surface is not damaged, and the uncomfortable feeling caused by the existence of the anti-slip grooves can be avoided even if the robot walks on the cambered surface.
In this embodiment, the material of the curb body 1 is granite, and its dimensions are 150×350×600mm, where the width of the high-plane section is 30mm, the width of the low-plane section is 80mm, the thickness of the low-plane section is 50mm, and the widths of the concave arc surface and the convex arc surface are 120mm. Although the invention shows a specific size of the non-slip curbstone, the size may be adjusted accordingly as desired.
Referring to fig. 2a to 2d, the present invention is based on the above-mentioned anti-slip curbstone, and further provides a manufacturing process, comprising the following steps:
1) Pre-machining a curbstone blank (as shown in fig. 2 a) with a rectangular cross section;
2) Marking the positions of the low plane sections and the final positions of all the to-be-obtained anti-skid grooves at the two ends of the length direction of the curbstone blank through marking lines, wherein the final positions comprise depth, width and spacing between two adjacent anti-skid grooves (shown in figure 2 b);
like this, mark through mark line pair to the cutting tool cutting of being convenient for guarantees the uniformity of cutting back shape, avoids appearing great error. Meanwhile, in order to conveniently mark the mark line on the curbstone blank, a template with the same shape as the finished product of the anti-slip curbstone can be adopted so as to conveniently mark the mark line.
3) Cutting along the corresponding marking lines by using a cutting tool to obtain a low plane section and all the anti-skid grooves, wherein the surface of the low plane section is only communicated with the adjacent anti-skid grooves; at this time, the upper surfaces of all the anti-skid grooves are flush, and the groove depth is the groove depth marked in the step 2) (as shown in fig. 2 c);
4) Sequentially beating the solid part between the two anti-slip grooves by a beating tool to break the solid part from the root part close to the anti-slip grooves (as shown in figure 2 d);
5) The broken parts are polished by a polishing tool, so that all the broken parts are polished to obtain an integral smooth cambered surface, and the manufacture of the anti-skid curbstone is completed.
In specific implementation, when the anti-slip groove is cut by the cutting tool, the thickness of the cutting tool is matched with the width of the anti-slip groove. So that the anti-slip groove can be cut at one time, the width of the anti-slip groove is kept consistent, secondary cutting is avoided, and the workload is reduced. The thickness of the cutting tool is 3mm, or other thickness cutting tools are used as required.
When the curbstone disclosed by the invention is used for processing, all the anti-slip grooves are cut at one time, and then the sheet formed between the grooves is knocked together by a knocking tool to break the sheet. When the novel domino is knocked, force is applied from the deep side of the groove to the shallow side, and the force application part is close to the root of the groove, so that sheets between the grooves are sequentially broken and fall down like domino. If the fracture location is not as expected, the tapping may continue until it is as desired. Although the breaking positions of the same sheet are uneven, the breaking positions of different sheets are different from the groove bottom height of the groove, the breaking positions can be corrected by subsequent polishing, and as road edge stones, the groove depth (the distance between the groove bottom and the groove top) finally formed by the method is not required to be completely consistent, the deviation is allowed, and meanwhile, the upper surface of a partition between the two grooves can be not required to be completely flat, so that the processing technology can prepare a product meeting the use requirement.
According to the invention, the cutting tool is used for sequentially cutting the curbstone blank along the mark line on the surface of the curbstone blank, the knocking tool is used for knocking after the cutting is completed, so that the cut curbstone blank sheet is broken near the root of the anti-slip groove, the rudiment of the anti-slip curbstone is obtained, and finally, all broken positions are polished by the polishing tool, so that the integral smooth cambered surface is obtained. The process avoids the steps of processing the cambered surface on the rectangular stone and then grooving, and increases unnecessary working procedures. The manufacturing process is simpler and the efficiency is higher.
Referring to fig. 3, the invention further provides an anti-slip road-following stone pavement paving structure, which comprises a plain soil layer 4 on a pavement, a gravel concrete cushion layer 5 is paved on the surface of the plain soil layer, a row of road-following stones are paved on the surface of the gravel concrete cushion layer along the length direction of the pavement, the road-following stones are the anti-slip road-following stones, a road layer is paved on the side of a low-plane section of the anti-slip road-following stones, the surface of the road layer is coplanar with the low-plane section of the anti-slip road-following stones, a pavement layer or a greening ground is paved on the side of a high-plane section of the gravel concrete cushion layer, and the surface of the pavement layer is coplanar with the high-plane section of the anti-slip road-following stones so as to be in flat connection with the high-plane section of the anti-slip road-following stones.
It should be further noted that, after paving the pavement layer on the high-level section side of the anti-skid road edge stone, the greening ground can be paved on the side of the pavement layer away from the anti-skid road edge stone.
In this embodiment, the road layer may be formed by paving one of asphalt, stone and rubber, or may be made of other materials as required. The pavement layer can also be paved by stone, rubber and the like.
In the embodiment, the pavement layer is composed of a pavement layer 6, a cement mortar layer 7 and a cement mortar bonding layer 8 from top to bottom in sequence, and the pavement layer is uniformly paved on the upper surface of the cement mortar layer and is coplanar with the high plane section of the anti-slip pavement. The pavement layer can be directly paved with the burnt stone bricks, the permeable bricks or other floor tiles, can also be a mud stone pavement, or can be paved with asphalt to form an asphalt pavement.
In specific implementation, each row of the anti-skid road edge stones are formed by sequentially arranging a plurality of anti-skid road edge stones, and the joint seams between adjacent anti-skid road edge stones are filled by a pointing agent. So as to effectively prevent the precipitation of free calcium in the cement mortar and make the beautiful effect of the anti-skid curbstone more obvious.
Specifically, the pointing agent consists of sesame gray granite powder, glue and adhesive, or is prepared by mixing other materials.
The anti-skid curbstone is applied to pavement paving, particularly places with high people flow, such as communities, parks and the like, can be fused with communities and park landscapes, and solves the problems that the anti-skid performance of the arc curbstone is poor and the hidden danger of falling down of pedestrians exists.
Finally, it is noted that the above-mentioned embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that those skilled in the art will be understood that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (2)
1. The anti-slip curbstone manufacturing process is characterized in that the anti-slip curbstone comprises a curbstone body, the curbstone body is of a rectangular structure, the upper surface of the curbstone body is composed of a high-plane section, a low-plane section and an arc surface connecting the high-plane section and the low-plane section, the arc surface is composed of a concave arc surface and a convex arc surface, one end of the concave arc surface is smoothly connected with one end of the convex arc surface, the other end of the concave arc surface is smoothly connected with the low-plane section, and the other end of the convex arc surface is smoothly connected with the high-plane section; anti-slip grooves are formed in the cambered surface along the length direction of the curbstone body, and are uniformly formed at intervals along the width direction of the curbstone body so as to form an anti-slip cambered surface on the cambered surface;
the manufacturing process comprises the following steps:
1) Pre-processing a curbstone blank with a rectangular cross section;
2) Marking the positions of the low plane sections and the final positions of all the to-be-obtained anti-skid grooves at the two ends of the curb blank in the length direction through marking lines, wherein the final positions comprise depth, width and the distance between two adjacent anti-skid grooves;
3) Cutting along the corresponding marking lines by using a cutting tool to obtain a low plane section and all the anti-skid grooves, wherein the surface of the low plane section is only communicated with the adjacent anti-skid grooves; at the moment, the upper surfaces of all the anti-skid grooves are level, and the groove depth is the marked groove depth in the step 2);
4) The solid part between the two anti-slip grooves is knocked through a knocking tool, so that the solid part is broken from the root part close to the anti-slip grooves; when the anti-skid groove is knocked, force is applied from the deep side of the groove to the shallow side, and the force application part is close to the root of the anti-skid groove; if the fracture position is not in accordance with the expectations, the tapping can be continued until the fracture position is in accordance with the requirements;
5) The broken parts are polished by a polishing tool, so that all the broken parts are polished to obtain an integral smooth cambered surface, and the manufacture of the anti-skid curbstone is completed.
2. The process of claim 1, wherein the thickness of the cutting tool matches the width of the anti-slip groove when cutting the anti-slip groove.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211320882.0A CN115506201B (en) | 2022-10-26 | 2022-10-26 | Antiskid curbstone, manufacturing process and pavement paving structure |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211320882.0A CN115506201B (en) | 2022-10-26 | 2022-10-26 | Antiskid curbstone, manufacturing process and pavement paving structure |
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| CN115506201A CN115506201A (en) | 2022-12-23 |
| CN115506201B true CN115506201B (en) | 2023-11-21 |
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| DE102014210947B3 (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2015-07-16 | EnBW Energie Baden-Württemberg AG | Apparatus and method for removing contaminated material |
| CN105350423A (en) * | 2015-11-05 | 2016-02-24 | 福建省第五建筑工程公司 | Construction method of emery ramp |
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