CN115479276A - Control device, waste incineration equipment, control method and program - Google Patents

Abstract

[ problem ] to provide a control device capable of suppressing the variation of combustion in a waste incineration facility. [ solution ] A control device is provided with: a data acquisition unit that acquires a measurement value measured by a sensor provided in the waste incineration facility; a combustion speed estimating unit that estimates a combustion speed in a furnace of the waste incineration facility using the measurement value; and a control unit that controls the amount of garbage supplied or the flow rate of combustion air supplied to the incinerator based on the combustion speed.

Description

Control device, waste incineration equipment, control method and program

technical field

The present invention relates to a control device of garbage incineration equipment, garbage incineration equipment, a control method and a program.

Background technique

Installing boilers in waste incineration equipment, recovering the heat generated during waste incineration, and using the generated steam to generate electricity is not simply treating waste as waste, but making waste generate added value as fuel, which is economically very economical. important. In order to increase the added value of garbage as a fuel, it is most effective to stabilize the amount of steam generated and to generate electricity according to the plan.

Generally speaking, a hopper is attached to an incinerator that incinerates municipal waste, industrial waste, etc., and the garbage is lifted by a crane and thrown into the hopper. The garbage in the hopper passes through the chute and passes through the The refuse feeding facility at its lower part feeds the incinerator in turn. There are various types of waste feeder, and a pusher type waste feeder that pushes the waste toward the incinerator by reciprocating motion is often used. The pusher is located under the hopper and the chute, and when the pusher is extended, the garbage located around it is pushed out to the incinerator. The pusher has limited travel and when fully extended cannot push litter out any further. Therefore, after the pusher is fully extended, it is necessary to temporarily retract and then extend.

Various forms exist in the method of supplying garbage to an incinerator by a pusher type. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a control method for adjusting the amount of garbage supplied to an incinerator per unit time using the number of reciprocating operations of a pusher per unit time. In the control method described in Patent Document 1, the number of reciprocating operations of the impeller per unit time is increased or decreased in accordance with fluctuations in the moisture content of waste, thereby suppressing fluctuations in the steam flow rate. The steam flow rate has a property of fluctuating in accordance with the calorific value per unit volume of the supplied garbage. The method of Patent Document 1 focuses on the water content of garbage as a cause of fluctuations in calorific value, but actually it is not only water that changes the calorific value. For example, the content rate of synthetic resin in garbage and the like affect the calorific value similarly to moisture.

In addition, the method of Patent Document 1 requires a sensor for moisture measurement. Furthermore, in the case of the method described in Patent Document 1, when waste containing a lot of water is detected, the activation or deactivation of combustion due to its supply to the incinerator is predicted, and feed-forward compensation is performed. However, since the time from detection of moisture to actual supply to the furnace cannot be accurately managed, there is an error in feedforward compensation.

Patent Document 2 discloses a waste combustion control method for calculating an estimated calorific value per unit amount of waste. In the case of the combustion control method of Patent Document 2, the boiler evaporation amount is calculated from the estimation of the calorific value per unit supply amount of waste. However, as described below, in order to estimate the calorific value per unit supply of waste, several hours of data are required, and the estimated value is the value averaged over several hours. When the ground level fluctuates, it is impossible to estimate the "calorific value of waste per unit time" at the current point in time. Therefore, the estimated boiler evaporation amount used for waste transportation and primary combustion air adjustment is inaccurate, and fluctuations in the boiler evaporation amount are unavoidable. In addition, in paragraph 0013 of Patent Document 3, it is stated that assuming that the garbage is composed of moisture, combustible content, and ash, the ratio of the ash content and the composition ratio of the combustible components of the garbage are fixed, and only the combustible content is calculated based on the long-term material balance. As far as other required process values are concerned, the average value of several minutes to 60 minutes is used to calculate the material and heat balance, and the low-level calorific value of garbage is estimated. However, it is difficult to estimate a high-level calorific value or a low-level calorific value in a short time, for example, about one minute. The low calorific value and the high calorific value are the calorific value per unit mass [J/kg], and they are calculated with the following formula (1) in principle for the supplied garbage. Since the following descriptions are common to the low-level heating value and the high-level heating value, they are unified as the low-level heating value.

[Formula 1]

The denominator of the formula (1) is the mass [kg] of the garbage supplied between time _t1 and time _t2 . The numerator represents the calorific value [J] of the garbage supplied between time _t1 and time _t2 . The integration interval of the denominator and the time difference between the start point _t1 and the end point _t2 may be, for example, 1 minute or less. However, the integration interval of the molecule and the time difference between the start point _t1 and the end point _t3 may not necessarily be handled in this way. As far as pulverized coal, petroleum, and combustible gas are concerned, the supply of a pair of furnaces will be burned immediately, so the end point _t3 of the integral interval of the numerator can be the same as _t2 , the end point of the integral interval of the denominator, so there can be no delay For example, calculate the low calorific value within 1 minute. If it burns immediately after being supplied, in the calculation of the molecule, it is not important to distinguish when the supplied garbage realizes heat generation, so it is allowed to assume t ₃ =t ₂ , and simply set the total heat generation from time t ₁ to time t ₂ Calorific value achieved for garbage supplied at the same time. However, unlike pulverized coal, garbage takes more than one hour to burn out, so _t3 , which is the end point of calorific value integration, must be set at least about one hour longer than _t2 . Therefore, even the calculation of the numerator of the formula (1) requires long-term data of at least the time until burnout (for example, about 1 hour). However, what is known by calculation is the low calorific value of the garbage supplied one hour ago. Even if the low calorific value 1 hour ago is known, it is not very effective for real-time control.

Actually, the lag is more than 1 hour. Hereinafter, this time lag will be described. The calorific value from time _t1 to time _t3 includes: the calorific value of the garbage supplied before time _t1 and already in the furnace; and the calorific value of the garbage supplied after time _t2 . In the calculation of , it is necessary to separate only the heat generated by the garbage supplied between time _t1 and time _t2 from the heat generated by the garbage, which is very difficult. Therefore, if the calorific value is simply integrated, the calorific value of the denominator is the total calorific value from time _t1 to time _t3 , while the supply amount of the numerator is not limited to the supply amount from time _t1 to _t2 , so the lower Excessive heat generation. For example, when setting t ₁ =0, t ₂ =1 minute, assuming that it takes 60 minutes to burn out, and t ₃ =61 minutes, if the calorific value is simply integrated, the low calorific value is about 60 times the value. In order to prevent this, it is effective to set the integral interval of the denominator to be several times longer than the time until the garbage is burned, and to make the values of _t2 and _t3 close. For example, if t ₁ =0, t ₂ =300 minutes, and t ₃ =360 minutes, the low-level calorific value is 1.2 times the actual value, which may be a good approximation. However, the value of the lower calorific value obtained by this method is further delayed in time, and the calorific value is averaged over a long period of time, rather than the real calorific value at that time. In this way, the estimated value of the low-level calorific value is in principle accompanied by a lag and averaging of several hours, and has no effect on the operation when the combustion state changes rapidly.

prior art literature

patent documents

Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2019-178850

Patent Document 2: Japanese Patent No. 5996762

Patent Document 3: Japanese Patent No. 3822328

Patent Document 4: Japanese Publication No. 63-61621

Contents of the invention

The problem to be solved by the invention

Provided is a control method for detecting fluctuations in combustion in a waste incinerator at an early stage and suppressing the fluctuations.

The present invention provides a control device, waste incineration equipment, control method and program capable of solving the above problems.

Technical solutions

The control device of the present invention includes: a data acquisition unit that acquires a measurement value measured by a sensor included in the garbage incineration facility; a combustion rate; and a control unit for controlling a supply amount of garbage or a flow rate of combustion air supplied to the incinerator based on the combustion rate.

In addition, the control method of the present invention includes: a step of acquiring a measured value measured by a sensor included in the waste incineration facility; and a step of estimating a combustion rate in an incinerator of the waste incineration facility using the measured value; and a step of controlling the supply amount of refuse or the flow rate of combustion air supplied to the incinerator based on the combustion rate.

In addition, the garbage incineration equipment of the present invention includes: an incinerator for burning garbage; a garbage feeding device for supplying garbage to the incinerator; a blower for supplying combustion air to the incinerator; and a combustion air valve for controlling the flow from the blower to the incinerator. The flow rate of the combustion air supplied by the incinerator; and the above-mentioned control device.

In addition, the program of the present invention causes the computer to execute: the steps of acquiring a measured value measured by a sensor included in the waste incineration facility; and the step of estimating the combustion rate in the incinerator of the waste incineration facility using the measured value; and a step of controlling the supply amount of refuse or the flow rate of combustion air supplied to the incinerator based on the combustion rate.

Invention effect

According to the control device, waste incinerator, control method, and program described above, it is possible to suppress fluctuations in combustion of the waste incinerator.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a waste incineration facility according to each embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a functional configuration of a main part of the control device according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of the operation of the control device according to the first embodiment.

4 is a diagram showing an example of a functional configuration of a main part of a control device according to a second embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the operation of the control device according to the second embodiment.

6 is a diagram showing an example of a functional configuration of a main part of a control device according to a third embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of the operation of the control device according to the third embodiment.

8 is a diagram showing an example of a functional configuration of a main part of a control device according to a fourth embodiment.

9 is a diagram showing an example of a functional configuration of a main part of a control device according to a fifth embodiment.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of the operation of the control device according to the fifth embodiment.

11 is a diagram showing an example of a functional configuration of a main part of a control device according to a sixth embodiment.

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an example of the operation of the control device according to the sixth embodiment.

FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of a hardware configuration of a control device according to each embodiment.

detailed description

Hereinafter, a waste incineration facility according to an embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings. In the following description, components having the same or similar functions are denoted by the same reference numerals. Also, overlapping descriptions of the configurations may be omitted. "XX or YY" is not limited to any one of XX and YY, and may include both XX and YY. This also applies to the case where there are three or more optional elements. "XX" and "YY" are arbitrary elements (for example, arbitrary information).

(System Components)

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a waste incineration facility according to each embodiment.

The garbage incineration facility 100 is equipped with: a hopper 1 for feeding garbage; a chute 2 for guiding the garbage thrown into the hopper 1 to the lower part; a pusher 10 for feeding the garbage supplied through the chute 2 into the combustion chamber 6; 3. Receive the garbage supplied by the pusher 10, dry and burn while transferring the garbage; combustion chamber 6, burn garbage; ash outlet 7, discharge ash; blower 4, supply air; The supplied air is guided to each part of the grate 3 ; the duct 14 directly supplies the air supplied by the blower 4 to the combustion chamber 6 ; and the boiler 9 .

The pusher 10 is a garbage feeding device, which moves in the direction of the arrow α to push out the garbage supplied through the chute 2 , so as to supply the garbage to the grate 3 . Fire grate 3 is arranged on the bottom of chute 2 and combustion chamber 6 and transports garbage. The grate 3 is provided with: a drying zone 3A for evaporating and drying the moisture of the refuse supplied by the pusher 10; a burning zone 3B located downstream of the drying zone 3A for burning the dried refuse; and a post-combustion zone 3C located in the burning zone 3B Downstream, unburned components such as fixed carbon components passing through without burning are burned to ash. Receive the control signal from the control device 20 to control the motion speed of the grate 3 .

The air blower 4 is installed below the grate 3, and supplies air to each part of the grate 3 through the bellows 5A-5E. On the pipeline 8F that guides the air delivered by the blower 4 to the bellows 5A～5E, there are branch pipes that connect the pipeline 8F and the bellows 5A～5E respectively. 8E to adjust the flow rate of the combustion air supplied to the wind boxes 5A-5E. The control signal from the control device 20 is received to control the blowing volume of the blower 4 and the opening degrees of the valves 8A to 8E. Valves 8A to 8E are sometimes collectively referred to as primary combustion air valves.

The combustion chamber 6 is composed of a primary combustion chamber 6A and a secondary combustion chamber 6B above the grate 3 , and the boiler 9 is arranged downstream of the combustion chamber 6 . The primary combustion chamber 6A is provided above the grate 3, and the secondary combustion chamber 6B is provided above the primary combustion chamber 6A. In the primary combustion chamber 6A, the pyrolysis gas produced by the garbage is combusted, and the pyrolysis gas of the unburned components remaining after combustion in the primary combustion chamber 6A is sent to the secondary combustion chamber 6B, where the secondary combustion chamber and the secondary combustion Air mixing causes the unburned components to also burn. A pipe 14 connecting the blower 4 and the secondary combustion chamber 6B is connected to the secondary combustion chamber 6B of the combustion chamber 6 , and air can be supplied to the combustion chamber 6 by opening and closing a valve 14A provided on the pipe 14 . The opening degree of the valve 14A is controlled by receiving a control signal from the control device 20 . The valve 14A is sometimes described as a secondary combustion air valve. The boiler 9 generates steam by exchanging heat between the exhaust gas sent from the combustion chamber 6 and the water circulating in the boiler 9 . The steam is supplied to a turbine for power generation (not shown) through a line 13 . A steam flow sensor 11 for detecting the flow rate of steam is provided in the pipeline 13 . The steam flow sensor 11 is connected to the control device 20 , and transmits the measured value measured by the steam flow sensor 11 to the control device 20 .

A flue 12 is connected to an exhaust outlet of the boiler 9 , and the exhaust gas that has been heat recovered by the boiler 9 passes through the flue 12 and exhaust gas treatment equipment (not shown) before being discharged to the outside.

The flue 12 is provided with an oxygen concentration sensor 15 for detecting the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas. The oxygen concentration sensor 15 is connected to the control device 20 , and the measured value measured by the oxygen concentration sensor 15 is sent to the control device 20 . A temperature sensor 17A for measuring the temperature of the second channel is installed in the second channel of the boiler, and a CO concentration sensor 17B is installed in the flue 12 to measure the CO concentration of the exhaust gas; and a NOx concentration sensor 17C is installed to detect the NOx of the exhaust gas concentration. Each of these sensors 17A to 17C is connected to the control device 20 , and the measured values measured by the sensors 17A to 17C are sent to the control device 20 . In addition, a flow sensor 17D for detecting the flow rate of the primary combustion air supplied to the primary combustion chamber 6A through the wind boxes 5A to 5E is provided in the pipe line 8F, and a flow sensor 17D for detecting the flow rate of the secondary combustion air supplied to the secondary combustion chamber 6B is provided in the pipe line 14 . The flow rate of the flow sensor 17E. These sensors 17D to 17E are connected to the control device 20 , and the measured values measured by the flow rate sensors 17D to 17E are sent to the control device 20 . The combustion chamber 6 is provided with a temperature sensor 16 for measuring the temperature in the combustion chamber 6 . The temperature sensor 16 is connected to the control device 20 , and the measured value measured by the temperature sensor 16 is sent to the control device 20 . These sensors are sensors provided in general waste incineration power generation facilities.

The control device 20 includes a data acquisition unit 21 , a combustion rate estimation unit 22 , a control unit 23 , and a storage unit 24 .

The data acquisition part 21 acquires various data, such as the measured value measured by each sensor 11, 15, 16, 17A-17D, and the instruction|indication value of a user. For example, the data acquisition unit 21 acquires a measured value of the steam flow rate measured by the steam flow rate sensor 11 .

The combustion rate estimation part 22 calculates the combustion rate of the garbage in the combustion chamber 6 (it may describe below as a furnace). As disclosed in Patent Document 4, there are the following opposite reasons in the cause of the reduction in the calorific value of the furnace: (a) the situation that the burning garbage decreases in the furnace (insufficient fuel); A situation where the flame goes out due to garbage (excess fuel). When the calorific value decreases, the steam flow rate measured by the steam flow sensor 11 also decreases, so the decrease in the steam flow rate is also due to the opposite causes of (a) and (b). In the conventional combustion control, in order to compensate for the lack of fuel in (a), the continuous supply of garbage may cause (b) and the calorific value will gradually decrease (reverse response). Therefore, in conventional mechanical equipment, if the calorific value reduction continues for a certain long-term range, an alarm is issued, and the operator performs a response such as estimation of the cause and recovery operation for eliminating the cause. In contrast, in the present invention, the combustion velocity estimation unit 22 is based on "pre-installed" sensors (steam flow rate sensor 11, temperature sensor 16, etc.) of steam flow rate, combustion chamber temperature, and exhaust gas concentration , Oxygen concentration sensor 15) to estimate in real time the difficulty of burning the garbage in the furnace as a whole, that is, the combustion per unit time that occurs in the furnace, in other words, the combustion speed, and use the estimated combustion speed for the supply amount of combustion air , Calculation of the supply of garbage. As will be described later, in the control of the garbage supply amount in the present invention, the garbage supply amount is determined so as to suppress fluctuations in the steam flow rate by feedback control. At this time, the set value of the feedback controller of the commanded waste supply amount is adapted to the estimated combustion rate. Specifically, for example, when the garbage is difficult to burn (the burning speed is small), it corresponds to (b), so the feedback gain is reduced to avoid oversupply. Otherwise, it corresponds to (a), so the feedback gain is set to a normal value. Accordingly, it is possible to appropriately cope with the reductions in the respective calorific values of (a) and (b).

In order for the estimation result of the burning rate to function as intended, it is important to estimate the burning rate of the garbage as quickly as possible. As described using Patent Documents 2 and 3, the estimation of the calorific value (lower calorific value) per unit supply amount of garbage has a problem in principle. Therefore, in the present invention, the combustion rate is used as an index instead of the low calorific value. The lower calorific value is the calorific value per unit mass of the supplied garbage, whereas the combustion rate represents the heat generated by the furnace as a whole, regardless of the mass of the garbage in the furnace. In addition, the combustion rate is not limited to the combustion of waste in the furnace but also includes the combustion of pyrolysis gas. As described above, in the garbage incineration facility 100, it takes time until the garbage is thrown in and burnt out, so a large amount of garbage accumulates in the furnace. The accumulated combustion rate is almost a constant value for the entire furnace but fluctuates temporally. As a result, the steam flow rate measured by the steam flow sensor 11 fluctuates. There are various reasons for the fluctuation of the combustion rate: newly supplied garbage contains a lot of water, which hinders the surrounding combustion, and the supply of combustion air changes due to the collapse of the garbage layer, etc. The fluctuation of the combustion rate is also expressed in the measured values of the waste incinerator 100 (the above-mentioned combustion room temperature, the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas, etc.) in addition to the steam flow rate. In the present invention, the combustion rate in the furnace is estimated in real time from measured values obtained by conventional sensors.

(Estimated order of burning rate)

In the waste incineration facility 100, the burning speed of the waste constantly fluctuates, which cannot be avoided. In the refuse incinerator 100, even if a part of the supplied refuse is burnt instantly, most of it is accumulated as combustibles on the grate 3 of the furnace, and burnt sequentially from the dried part. For example, suppose there is a block of dried trash whose surface is burning. At this time, the fire grate 3 is operated to break the lumps of garbage, and if a new surface comes into contact with the combustion air, new combustion will start there, and the combustion speed of the entire furnace will increase. Conversely, if the surface is covered with moisture-rich garbage, the temperature will drop, or if the supply of combustion air is interrupted, the combustion will be hindered, and the combustion speed of the entire furnace will decrease. In the waste incineration facility 100, such fluctuations in the combustion rate are constantly occurring. In contrast, in the combustion of pulverized coal, oil, or natural gas, a pair of furnace supplies burns out instantly, so if the supply flow rate is constant, the combustion rate is also constant.

The measured value y of the waste incinerator 100 also fluctuates due to fluctuations in the combustion rate q. The changes of the two are approximated as formula (2) with a linear formula.

y＝c ₁ ×q···(2)

Hereinafter, a concrete description will be given assuming that the measured value y is the steam flow rate, the combustion chamber temperature, and the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas. These are just an example, and may be the second pass temperature of the boiler, the NOx concentration of the exhaust gas, the CO concentration of the exhaust gas, the primary combustion air flow rate, the secondary combustion air flow rate, and the like. c ₁ in the formula (2) is a coefficient vector of 3 rows and 1 column. c1 represents the measured value _y when the combustion rate increases, that is, the variation of the steam flow rate, the temperature of the combustion chamber, and the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas. If the combustion amount increases, the steam flow rate increases, the temperature of the combustion chamber increases, and the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas decreases. c ₁ is the coefficient vector of quantization increase and decrease.

Equation (2) varies the measured value y according to the variation of the combustion rate q, but the combustion rate q cannot be directly calculated backward. Hereinafter, a method of estimating the combustion rate from fluctuations in the measured value y will be described. First, a measured value vector y having measured values such as steam flow rate, combustion chamber temperature, and exhaust gas oxygen concentration is constructed as column elements, and a variance-covariance matrix Q ₀ is obtained as in Equation (3). Var(y) represents the variance-covariance matrix of the vector y.

Q ₀ ＝Var(y)···(3)

Next, perform singular value decomposition on the variance-covariance matrix Q ₀ to obtain the singular vector u _i (i=1, 2, 3) and singular value σ ² _i (i=1, 2, 3) in formula (4). Here, following the convention of singular value decomposition, the singular values are sorted in order of magnitude. That is, σ ² ₁ is the largest singular value, and σ ² ₃ is the smallest singular value. The notation T on the right shoulder indicates the transpose of a matrix or vector.

[Formula 2]

Next, assuming that an unknown external disturbance ρ exists, the variation of the measured value y is represented by the singular vector u and the unknown external disturbance ρ as in the following formula (5). The unknown external disturbance ρ includes as a component the variation q of the combustion rate in equation (2), but the actual situation is not clear. Hereinafter, the relationship between both will be described. The value of u is determined by performing singular value decomposition on the variance-covariance matrix Q ₀ of the measured value vector y. Assuming that the measured value vector y fluctuates due to an unknown external disturbance ρ, the measured value vector y is represented by a linear combination of ρ as in Equation (5). The elements of ρ are denoted as ρi (i=1, 2, 3).

[Formula 3]

Due to the symmetry of the variance covariance matrix Q ₀ , the singular vector u has the property of formula (6).

[Formula 4]

Therefore, the value of ρ is directly determined as in the formula (5A) from the formula (5) and the formula (6).

[Formula 5]

The variance covariance matrix of ρ is formula (7).

[Formula 6]

As shown in Equation (7), the variance of ρ ₁ , which is the first element of the unknown external disturbance, is the largest singular value σ ₁ ² , so fluctuations in the measured value vector y are mainly caused by ρ ₁ . This is because according to the properties of singular values,

Var(y1)+Var(y2)+Var(y3)＝σ ₁ ² +σ ₂ ² +σ ₃ ² _μ ···(8)

holds, especially when σ ₁ ² >>σ ₂ ² +σ ₃ ² , it is approximated by the following formula (8A).

[Formula 7]

Equation (8A) shows that the variation of the measured value vector _y is dominated by ρ1. On the other hand, it is known that the fluctuation of the measured value of the waste incinerator 100 is due to the fluctuation of the combustion rate, so it is reasonable to set ρ1 as _an estimated value of the combustion rate q. When the calculation _of ρ1 is taken out from the formula (5A), the formula (9) is obtained as an estimation formula of the variation of the combustion rate. According to the formula (9), the estimated value of the combustion rate q can be quickly calculated based on the measured value y with a small amount of calculation.

[Formula 8]

As described above, for estimating the combustion rate q, the temperature of the second passage of the boiler, the CO concentration of the exhaust gas, the NOx concentration of the exhaust gas, the flow rate of the primary combustion air, the flow rate of the secondary combustion air, etc. may be used instead of the combustion chamber temperature , exhaust oxygen concentration, steam flow, or in addition to combustion chamber temperature, exhaust oxygen concentration, steam flow, can also use boiler second channel temperature, exhaust CO concentration, exhaust NOx concentration, primary combustion air flow, secondary combustion air flow, etc.

The method of estimating the burning rate q described above is an example and is not limited thereto. For example, an estimation model for estimating the combustion rate q may be created using a method such as a neural network or deep learning.

The control unit 23 controls the operation of the waste incinerator 100 . For example, while monitoring the steam flow rate measured by the steam flow sensor 11, the amount of garbage supplied to the combustion chamber 6 and the amount of combustion air supplied to the combustion chamber 6 are calculated, and by adjusting these, combustion control of garbage is performed. Specifically, the control unit 23 supplies a desired amount of combustion air to the combustion chamber 6 by controlling the rotation speed of the blower 4, the openings of the valves 8A to 8E, and the valve 14A, and supplies a desired amount of combustion air to the combustion chamber 6 by controlling the pusher 10. The amount of garbage is supplied to the combustion chamber 6. For example, the supply amount of garbage is calculated based on the deviation between the measured value of the steam flow rate and the set value, and the supply amount of combustion air is calculated based on the set value of the steam flow rate. In the present invention, in addition to this, the real-time combustion rate q estimated by the combustion rate estimation unit 22 is considered to calculate the supply amount of garbage and the supply amount of combustion air (first to sixth embodiments).

The storage unit 24 stores information acquired by the data acquisition unit 21 and information required for control, for example, steam flow rate set value SV and the like.

<First Embodiment>

Control of the waste incineration facility 100 of the first embodiment will be described using FIG. 2 .

(constitute)

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a functional configuration of a main part of the control device according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 2 shows configurations of main parts of the combustion rate estimation unit 22 and the control unit 23 in the control device 20 . The combustion rate estimating unit 22 estimates the combustion rate q through the procedure described above. The control unit 23 includes a coefficient calculation table 231 and a PI controller 232 . The set value SV of the steam flow rate is recorded in the storage unit 24 . The refuse incinerator 100 is operated so that the steam flow rate measured by the steam flow sensor 11 becomes the set value SV.

The control unit 23 changes the intensity of the feed control according to the combustion rate q. For example, if the PI controller is used to adjust the amount of garbage supplied, the value of the proportional gain is changed according to the combustion speed q. As shown in the coefficient calculation table 231 of FIG. 2 , the gain variable coefficient β is preset as a function of the combustion speed q. The control unit 23 acquires the coefficient β corresponding to the combustion rate q by referring to the coefficient calculation table 231 based on the combustion rate q. The PI controller 232 inputs, for example, the set value (target value) SV of the steam flow rate (t/h) and the measured value PV realized by the steam flow sensor 11, and performs PI calculation (proportional integral calculation) on the deviation thereof, and outputs garbage The supply amount (m ³ /h) was taken as MV. In this case, the proportional gain K _P controlled by PI is multiplied by the gain variable coefficient β to be changed as in the following formula (10).

[Formula 9]

As a modification, when the combustion rate q is small, that is, when the combustion is difficult (the above-mentioned (b)), the garbage remains in the furnace without being burned, so it is not necessary to further add garbage. Therefore, for example, the proportional gain for increasing the refuse supply amount in proportion to the steam flow rate deviation is set to half of normal. When changing the proportional gain of the PI controller 232 during operation, the controller is usually implemented with a speed-type algorithm. As far as the PI controller 232 is concerned, besides the proportional gain, the integral time constant T _I is also an adjustment constant. The integral time constant T _I can also be changed according to the combustion speed q similarly to the proportional gain. The control unit 23 controls the pushing amount of the pusher 10 based on the MV output from the PI controller 232 .

(action)

Next, the flow of processing (garbage supply amount control) in the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 3 .

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of the operation of the control device according to the first embodiment.

The data acquisition unit 21, the combustion rate estimation unit 22, and the control unit 23 execute the following processing at predetermined time intervals.

The data acquiring part 21 acquires: the steam flow PV measured by the steam flow sensor ₁₁ ; the O concentration measured by the oxygen concentration sensor 15; the temperature of the combustion chamber 6 measured by the temperature sensor 16; the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 17A. The temperature of the second channel of the boiler; the CO concentration of the exhaust gas measured by the CO concentration sensor 17B; the NOx concentration of the exhaust gas measured by the NOx concentration sensor 17C; the primary combustion air flow rate measured by the flow sensor 17D; the flow sensor 17E The measured secondary combustion air flow rate is measured (step S1 ), and these values are output to the combustion rate estimation unit 22 and the control unit 23 .

The combustion rate estimation unit 22 uses preferably a plurality of steam flow rate PV, oxygen concentration, combustion chamber temperature, temperature of the boiler second pass, CO concentration sensor, NOx concentration, primary combustion air flow rate, and secondary combustion air flow rate (one may be used). ) measured value y, and the combustion rate q is estimated by formula (9) (step S2). The combustion rate estimation unit 22 outputs the combustion rate q to the control unit 23 .

Next, the control unit 23 calculates the coefficient β based on the combustion rate q and the coefficient calculation table 231 . Next, the control unit 23 reads out the set value SV of the steam flow rate stored in the storage unit 24, and based on the calculated coefficient β, the set value SV of the steam flow rate, the steam flow rate PV acquired by the data acquisition unit 21 and the formula (10) To calculate the garbage supply amount MV (step S3). The control part 23 controls the movement amount (extrusion amount) of the pusher 10 so that the refuse supply amount MV can be supplied into a furnace.

According to this embodiment, the combustion rate of the garbage in the entire furnace is estimated based on the measured values of the sensors installed in the garbage incinerator 100 such as the steam flow rate, the temperature of the combustion chamber, and the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas, and the setting of the steam flow rate is changed. The deviation between the fixed value and the measured value is fed back to the set value (gain) of the PI controller 232 for waste supply. Thereby, the flow rate of the steam to the turbine can be made uniform, and the amount of power generation can be increased and stabilized. In addition, by stabilizing the combustion in the combustion chamber 6, discharge of NOx, CO, and the like can be suppressed.

In addition, according to the present embodiment, (E1) estimate the amount of waste generated from the measured values of the sensors (sensors that reflect changes in the combustion rate) already installed in the waste incinerator 100, such as the steam flow rate, the temperature of the combustion chamber, and the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas, etc. The burning speed q, so there is no need to add a new sensor. (E2) Using the calorific value dependent on the amount of garbage supplied as an index, instead of focusing on specific elements such as moisture in the garbage that is the cause of fluctuations in the calorific value, and using the burning rate that does not depend on the amount of garbage supplied as an index, thereby The effect is not limited to the specific element in focus, and when the combustion state changes due to various factors, the change can be detected and combined with control (the effect is not limited). (E3) If the control index is set as the calorific value corresponding to the amount of garbage supplied, the estimation of the calorific value will have errors due to the time difference from garbage supply to combustion, but in the present invention, the burning speed is used as an index instead of heat. The calorific value is the calorific value per unit mass of the supplied garbage, whereas the combustion rate represents the calorific value of the entire furnace and does not depend on the mass of the garbage in the furnace. Thereby, occurrence of an error such as when the calorific value is used as a control index does not occur. achieve the effect described.

<Second Embodiment>

The control of the waste incineration facility 100 of the second embodiment will be described using FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 .

(constitute)

4 is a diagram showing an example of a functional configuration of a main part of a control device according to a second embodiment.

FIG. 4 shows configurations of main parts of the combustion rate estimation unit 22 and the control unit 23A in the control device 20 . The combustion rate estimating unit 22 estimates the combustion rate q through the procedure described above. The control unit 23A includes a primary combustion air valve adjustment amount calculation table 233 and an adder 234 . The storage unit 24 records the set value SV of the steam flow rate and the opening degrees as references of the valves 8A to 8E and the valve 14A relative to the set value SV.

The second embodiment is mainly effective when the combustion in the furnace is too active, that is, when the combustion rate q is high. Combustion air is supplied to the waste incinerator 100 by the blower 4 . A part of the air passes through the air boxes 5A to 5E as primary combustion air, passes through the garbage layer accumulated on the grate 3 from bottom to top, and then flows into the combustion chamber 6 . When the primary combustion air passes through the garbage layer, a part of the primary combustion air is used for combustion inside the garbage layer, and the flammable pyrolysis gas generated in the garbage layer due to its heat generation is sent to the combustion chamber 6 together with the primary combustion air. Combustion in the combustion chamber 6. In this way, the garbage layer functions as a generator of pyrolysis gas by supplying primary combustion air. Therefore, if the primary combustion air is restricted, the generation of pyrolysis gas is reduced, and the combustion rate in the furnace can be reduced. The regulation of heat generation in the furnace by regulation of the primary combustion air is particularly effective when the combustion rate q is high. In such a situation, there is a sufficient amount of garbage in the furnace, and even if the supply of garbage is completely stopped, the combustion may be excessive. At this time, it is necessary to limit the burning of the garbage present in the furnace. Therefore, the limitation of primary combustion air is effective. Conversely, when the combustion in the furnace is insufficient, that is, the combustion rate q is small, it is effective to increase the primary combustion air to increase the generation of pyrolysis gas. As a result, the supply of pyrolysis gas to the combustion chamber 6 increases, and the combustion rate q increases. In this way, the control of the second embodiment functions to suppress fluctuations in the combustion rate q.

The opening degree of the primary combustion air valve is determined as a reference value based on the set value SV of the steam flow rate and the like. As shown in FIG. 4, the primary combustion air valve adjustment calculation table 233 defines the relationship between the combustion rate q and the correction amount Δγ1 relative to the reference value of the primary combustion air valve opening degree based on the set value SV. The control unit 23 calculates the adjustment amount Δγ1 of the valve opening degree of the primary combustion air based on the combustion rate q and the adjustment amount calculation table 233 . The value of the adjustment amount Δγ1 is set to be large when the value of the combustion rate q is small, and to be small when the value of the combustion rate q is large. The control unit 23 adds the adjustment amount Δγ1 to the reference value of the opening degree of the primary combustion air valve using the adder 244 to adjust the opening degree of the primary combustion air valve. The controller 23 controls the valves 8A to 8E based on the adjusted primary combustion air valve openings.

(action)

Next, the flow of processing (flow rate control of primary combustion air) in the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 5 .

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the operation of the control device according to the second embodiment.

The data acquisition unit 21, the combustion rate estimation unit 22, and the control unit 23A execute the following processing at predetermined time intervals.

Data acquiring part 21 acquires: steam flow PV, O Concentration, combustion chamber temperature, temperature of the boiler _second channel, CO concentration, NOx concentration, primary combustion air flow, secondary combustion air flow (step S1), and calculate these The measured value is output to the combustion rate estimation unit 22 and the control unit 23A.

The combustion rate estimation unit 22 uses a plurality of measured values of the steam flow rate PV, the _O2 concentration, the combustion chamber temperature, the temperature of the boiler second passage, the CO concentration sensor, the NOx concentration, the primary combustion air flow rate, and the secondary combustion air flow. y, the combustion rate q is estimated by the formula (9) (step S2). The combustion rate estimation unit 22 outputs the estimated combustion rate q to the control unit 23A.

Next, the control unit 23A calculates the adjustment amount Δγ1 of the valve opening degree of the primary combustion air based on the combustion rate q and the adjustment amount calculation table 233 . Next, the control unit 23A uses the adder 234 to add the reference value of the valve opening of the primary combustion air corresponding to the set value SV of the steam flow rate stored in the storage unit 24 and the adjustment amount Δγ1 to calculate the valve opening of the primary combustion air. degree (step S4). The control unit 23A controls so that the opening degrees of the valves 8A to 8E become the adjusted valve opening degrees of the primary combustion air.

According to the present embodiment, the combustion rate q of the garbage is estimated based on the measured values measured by the sensors installed in the garbage incinerator 100, such as the steam flow rate, the temperature of the combustion chamber, and the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas, and is adjusted once based on the combustion rate q. Combustion air flow. Accordingly, fluctuations in the combustion rate q can be suppressed. In addition, as in the first embodiment, the effects (E1) to (E3) can be obtained. It should be noted that the second embodiment can be combined with the first embodiment.

In addition, in FIG. 4, as an example, it is assumed that the primary combustion air is adjusted by adjusting the valve opening of the primary combustion air. As another method, if the flow rate control of the primary combustion air flow rate is performed by the command value, Adjust the command value of the primary combustion air flow. Alternatively, the original pressure of the primary combustion air (pressure on the upstream side) may also be adjusted.

<Third Embodiment>

The control of the waste incineration facility 100 of the third embodiment will be described using FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 .

(constitute)

6 is a diagram showing an example of a functional configuration of a main part of a control device according to a third embodiment.

FIG. 6 shows configurations of main parts of the combustion rate estimation unit 22 and the control unit 23B in the control device 20 . The combustion rate estimating unit 22 estimates the combustion rate q through the procedure described above. The control unit 23B includes a primary combustion air valve adjustment amount calculation table 233 , an adder 234 , a secondary combustion air valve adjustment amount calculation table 235 , and an adder 236 . The storage unit 24 records the set value SV of the steam flow rate and the opening degrees as references of the valves 8A to 8E and the valve 14A relative to the set value SV.

In the third embodiment, the opening degree control of the secondary combustion air valve is implemented in addition to the opening degree control of the primary combustion air valve described in the second embodiment. Assume that the burning speed q of the garbage is temporarily too large. At this time, the generation of pyrolysis gas in the furnace is temporarily excessive, and as a result, the _O2 concentration of the exhaust gas of the waste incinerator 100 is temporarily insufficient. If the _O2 concentration of the exhaust gas is insufficient, the risk of emission of harmful substances such as CO increases. Therefore, in the third embodiment, while the primary combustion air is adjusted based on the combustion rate q, the secondary combustion air is also adjusted to make up for the lack of O ₂ concentration. For example, primary combustion air is reduced to suppress generation of pyrolysis gas when the combustion velocity q is too large, and secondary combustion air is increased for combustion of excessively generated pyrolysis gas. Conversely, when the combustion velocity q is too small, the primary combustion air is added to promote the generation of pyrolysis gas. Since the amount of secondary combustion air is excessive relative to the generation of pyrolysis gas, it decreases. This is also useful for avoiding the generation of NOx.

As shown in FIG. 6, the secondary combustion air valve adjustment amount calculation table 235 determines the relationship between the combustion rate q and the correction amount Δγ2 relative to the reference value of the secondary combustion air valve opening. The control unit 23B calculates the adjustment amount Δγ2 of the valve opening degree of the secondary combustion air based on the combustion rate q and the adjustment amount calculation table 235 . The value of the adjustment amount Δγ2 is set to be small when the value of the combustion rate q is small, and to be large when the value of the combustion rate q is large. The control unit 23B adds the adjustment amount Δγ2 to the reference value of the secondary combustion air valve opening using the adder 245 to adjust the secondary combustion air valve opening. The control unit 23B controls the valve 14A based on the adjusted secondary combustion air valve opening degree.

(action)

Next, the flow of processing (flow rate control of primary combustion air and secondary combustion air) in the third embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 7 .

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of the operation of the control device according to the third embodiment.

The data acquisition unit 21, the combustion rate estimation unit 22, and the control unit 23B execute the following processing at predetermined time intervals.

The data acquiring unit 21 acquires measured values such as the steam flow rate PV (step S1 ), and outputs them to the combustion rate estimating unit 22 and the control unit 23B. Next, the combustion rate estimation unit 22 estimates the combustion rate q (step S2). The combustion rate estimation unit 22 outputs the combustion rate q to the control unit 23B.

Next, the control unit 23B calculates the adjustment amount Δγ1 of the primary combustion air valve opening based on the combustion rate q and the adjustment amount calculation table 233 . Next, the control unit 23 uses the adder 234 to add the reference value of the primary combustion air valve opening corresponding to the set value SV of the steam flow rate stored in the storage unit 24 and the adjustment amount Δγ1 to calculate the primary combustion air valve opening ( Step S4). The control unit 23 controls so that the opening degrees of the valves 8A to 8E become the adjusted valve opening degrees of the primary combustion air.

Furthermore, the control unit 23B calculates the adjustment amount Δγ2 of the secondary combustion air valve opening degree based on the combustion rate q and the adjustment amount calculation table 235 . Next, the control unit 23 uses the adder 236 to add the reference value of the valve opening of the secondary combustion air corresponding to the set value SV of the steam flow rate stored in the storage unit 24 and the adjustment amount Δγ2 to calculate the valve opening of the secondary combustion air. degree (step S5). The control unit 23 controls so that the opening degree of the valve 14A becomes the adjusted valve opening degree of the secondary combustion air. The processing order of steps S4 to S5 may be arbitrary. For example, the control unit 23B may execute the processing of steps S4 to S5 in parallel.

According to this embodiment, the burning rate q of the garbage is estimated based on the measured values of the sensors installed in the garbage incinerator 100 such as the steam flow rate, the temperature of the combustion chamber, and the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas, and is adjusted once based on the burning rate q of the garbage. Combustion air flow and secondary combustion air flow. In this way, the secondary combustion air can be adjusted according to the amount of pyrolysis gas generated, which can help the complete combustion of the pyrolysis gas and suppress the discharge of harmful substances such as CO and NOx. In addition, as in the first embodiment, the effects (E1) to (E3) can be obtained. The third embodiment can be combined with the first embodiment.

<Fourth Embodiment>

Control of the waste incineration power generation facility 100 according to the fourth embodiment will be described using FIG. 8 .

(constitute)

8 is a diagram showing an example of a functional configuration of a main part of a control device according to a fourth embodiment.

FIG. 8 shows configurations of main parts of the combustion rate estimation unit 22 and the control unit 23C in the control device 20 . The combustion rate estimating unit 22 estimates the combustion rate q through the procedure described above. The control unit 23C includes a bellows distribution adjustment opening calculation table 237 , an adder 238 , and a subtractor 239 . The opening degrees of the valves 8A to 8E as references for the set value SV of the steam flow rate are recorded in the storage unit 24 .

In the fourth embodiment, in order to suppress the fluctuation of the combustion rate q, the combustion tendency of the garbage in the combustion chamber 6 is considered, and the amount of combustion air supplied to the air boxes 5A to 5E is set during the opening control of the primary combustion air valve. difference. The litter bed has an aspect as a generator of pyrolysis gases. The size of the generation ability of pyrolysis gas depends on the positions of the wind boxes 5A to 5E. The wind boxes 5A and 5B close to the pusher 10 have a thick layer of garbage before thermal decomposition, and therefore have high thermal decomposition gas generation capability. On the other hand, as the bellows 5C, 5D, 5E and the garbage advance on the grate 3, the ratio of the thermally decomposed garbage and embers increases, and the generation capacity of the thermally decomposed gas decreases. Therefore, when the estimated combustion rate q is small, that is, when the garbage is incinerated, more primary combustion air is distributed to the wind box 5A near the propeller 10, which has a high generation capacity of pyrolysis gas, and vice versa when the estimated value of the combustion rate q is large. When the garbage is flammable, the distribution of primary combustion air to the blower 5A, etc., which has a high thermal decomposition gas generation capacity is reduced to suppress combustion.

FIG. 8 shows a configuration in which bellows A and B are classified into a group with high thermal decomposition gas generation ability, and wind box C and wind box D are classified into a group with low pyrolysis gas generation ability. As shown in FIG. 8 , the bellows distribution adjustment opening calculation table 237 determines the relationship between the combustion rate q and the correction amount Δγ _ABCDE relative to the reference value of the valve openings of the bellows 5A-5B and the bellows 5C-5E. The control unit 23C calculates the adjustment amount Δγ _ABCDE of the opening of the valves 8A to 8E based on the combustion rate q and the wind box distribution adjustment opening calculation table 237 . The value of the adjustment amount Δγ _ABCDE is set to be large when the combustion speed q is small and small when the combustion speed q is large. Using the adder 238, the control unit 23C adds the adjustment amount Δγ _ABCDE to the reference value of the opening degrees of the valves 8A to 8B. The control unit 23C subtracts the adjustment amount Δγ _ABCDE from the reference value of the opening degrees of the valves 8C to 8E using the subtracter 239 . Control unit 23B controls valves 8A to 8E based on the adjusted valve openings.

In addition, in FIG. 8, although the bellows 5A-5B are set as one set, and the bellows 5C-5E are set as one set, this is just an example. It is also possible not to group the bellows 5A-5E, but to set the bellows allocation adjustment opening calculation table 237 for the bellows to adjust the opening of the valves 8A-8E, or to change the grouping method to, for example, the bellows 5A-5C and the bellows 5D-5E . In addition, the number of classified groups may be set to three, for example, the classification of each group may be set as bellows 5A to 5B, bellows 5C to 5D, and bellows 5E.

(action)

The flow of processing in the fourth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 5 of the second embodiment.

The data acquisition unit 21, the combustion rate estimation unit 22, and the control unit 23C execute the following processes at predetermined time intervals.

The data acquiring unit 21 acquires measured values such as the steam flow rate PV (step S1 ), and outputs them to the combustion rate estimating unit 22 and the control unit 23C. Next, the combustion rate estimation unit 22 estimates the combustion rate q (step S2). The combustion rate estimation unit 22 outputs the combustion rate q to the control unit 23C.

Next, the control unit 23C calculates the adjustment amount Δγ _ABCDE based on the combustion rate q and the wind box distribution adjustment opening calculation table 237 . Next, the control unit 23 adds and subtracts the reference value of the valve openings of the valves 8A to 8E corresponding to the set value SV of the steam flow rate stored in the storage unit 24 and the adjustment amount Δγ _ABCDE to calculate the valve openings of the primary combustion air. (step S4). In the case of the configuration example in FIG. 8 , the control unit 23 adds the adjustment amount Δγ _ABCDE to the reference value with respect to the opening degrees of the valves 8A to 8B. The control unit 23 subtracts the adjustment amount Δγ _ABCDE from the reference value for the opening degrees of the valves 8C to 8E. The control unit 23 controls so that the opening degrees of the valves 8A to 8E become the adjusted valve opening degrees.

According to the fourth embodiment, the combustion rate q of the garbage is estimated based on the measured values of the sensors installed in the garbage incinerator 100 such as the steam flow rate, the temperature of the combustion chamber, and the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas. q to adjust the ratio of the flow rate that distributes the primary combustion air to the windbox. Accordingly, fluctuations in the combustion rate q can be suppressed with high precision. In addition, as in the first embodiment, the effects (E1) to (E3) can be obtained. The fourth embodiment can be combined with the first embodiment and the third embodiment.

<Fifth Embodiment>

The control of the waste incineration power generation facility 100 according to the fifth embodiment will be described using FIGS. 9 and 10 .

(constitute)

9 is a diagram showing an example of a functional configuration of a main part of a control device according to a fifth embodiment.

FIG. 9 shows configurations of main parts of the combustion rate estimation unit 22 and the control unit 23D in the control device 20 .

The combustion rate estimating unit 22 estimates the combustion rate q through the procedure described above. The control unit 23D includes a variance calculator 240 , an oxygen concentration adjustment amount calculation table 241 , an oxygen concentration controller 242 , adders 243 to 245 , and a subtractor 246 . The storage unit 24 records the opening degrees of the valves 8A to 8E and the valve 14A as references for the set value SV of the steam flow rate, and the set value SV_O ₂ of the O ₂ concentration.

In the third embodiment described above, the flow rate of the secondary combustion air is adjusted while adjusting the flow rate of the primary combustion air based on the combustion rate q of the garbage. One of the reasons for adjusting the secondary combustion air is to reduce the CO concentration in the combustion chamber 6 . For example, in the case of adjustment to reduce the primary combustion air, the lack of combustion air in the garbage layer increases the CO concentration in the pyrolysis gas. Therefore, the secondary combustion air is increased to completely combust CO in the combustion chamber 6, thereby reducing the CO concentration. However, when the combustion rate of garbage increases sharply over time, it may be too late to adjust the primary combustion air and secondary combustion air, and CO is temporarily discharged. Such a rapid increase in the burning rate is considered to be dependent on the nature of the supplied waste. It is known empirically that once a rapid increase in combustion velocity occurs, it occurs intensively in a short period of time. Therefore, in the fifth embodiment, when a fluctuation in the combustion rate q occurs, the flow rate of the secondary combustion air or the primary combustion air is increased in advance to keep the _O2 concentration of the exhaust gas high, and combustion can be avoided even if the combustion rate q increases. Insufficient air thus prevents the emission of CO.

The variance calculator 240 calculates the variance σ _q ² of the predetermined time immediately before the combustion rate q estimated by the combustion rate estimation unit 22 . As shown in FIG. 9 , the oxygen concentration adjustment amount calculation table 241 determines the relationship between the variance σ _q ² and the oxygen concentration adjustment amount Δγ _SVO2 . The value of adjustment Δγ _SVO2 is set as follows: when the value of variance σ _q ² is less than the threshold, it is ⁰ ; when the value of variance σ _q ² is above the threshold, the specified value is the upper limit _; Larger and larger up to its upper limit. The oxygen concentration controller 242 calculates the adjusted opening degree of the primary combustion air valve and the adjusted opening degree of the secondary combustion air valve based on the deviation between the adjusted O ₂ concentration set value SV_O ₂ and the measured value PV_O ₂ concentration of O ₂ concentration. For example, the oxygen concentration controller 242 calculates the adjustment opening degree. The adjustment opening degree requires that the greater the deviation is, the more the adjustment opening degree of the primary combustion air valve and the adjustment opening degree of the secondary combustion air valve should be increased.

(action)

The flow of processing in the fifth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 10 .

The data acquisition unit 21, the combustion rate estimation unit 22, and the control unit 23D execute the following processing at predetermined time intervals.

The data acquiring unit 21 acquires measured values such as the steam flow rate PV (step S1 ), and outputs them to the combustion rate estimating unit 22 and the control unit 23D. Next, the combustion rate estimation unit 22 estimates the combustion rate q (step S2). The combustion rate estimation unit 22 outputs the combustion rate q to the control unit 23D.

Next, the control unit 23D calculates the variance σ _q ² of the combustion rate q using the variance calculator 240 (step S6). The control unit 23D calculates the opening degree of the primary combustion air valve and the opening degree of the secondary combustion air valve for compensating for the O ₂ concentration based on the magnitude of the variance σ _q ² (step S7). First, the control unit 23D calculates the adjustment amount Δγ _SVO2 of the O ₂ concentration based on the variance σ _q ² and the oxygen concentration adjustment amount calculation table 241 . Next, the adder 243 adds the adjustment amount _ΔγSVO2 of the O ₂ concentration to the set value SV_O ₂ of the O ₂ concentration. Next, the subtracter 246 subtracts the measured value PV_O _{2 measured by the oxygen concentration sensor 15 from the adjusted SV_O 2 .} Next, the oxygen concentration controller 242 calculates the adjusted opening degree of the primary combustion air valve and the adjusted opening degree of the secondary combustion air valve based on the difference between the adjusted O ₂ concentration set value SV_O ₂ and the measured value PV_O ₂ concentration of the O ₂ concentration. Next, the control unit 23D uses the adder 244 to add the reference value of the valve opening degree of the primary combustion air corresponding to the set value SV of the steam flow rate and the adjustment opening degree of the primary combustion air valve to calculate the valve opening degree of the primary combustion air. . Moreover, the control part 23D controls so that the opening degree of the valve 8A-8E may become the calculated opening degree. Next, the control unit 23D uses the adder 245 to add the reference value of the valve opening degree of the secondary combustion air corresponding to the set value SV of the steam flow rate and the adjustment opening degree of the secondary combustion air valve to calculate the secondary combustion air valve opening degree. valve opening. The control unit 23D controls so that the opening degree of the valve 14A becomes the calculated opening degree.

According to the present embodiment, the burning rate q of the garbage is estimated based on the measured values of the sensors installed in the garbage incineration facility 100, such as the steam flow rate, the temperature of the combustion chamber, and the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas, and is corrected based on the variance of the burning rate q. The set value of _O2 concentration in the exhaust gas, adjust the primary combustion air flow and secondary combustion air according to its set value. Thereby, emission of CO gas can be suppressed. In addition, as in the first embodiment, the effects (E1) to (E3) can be obtained. The fifth embodiment can be combined with the first to fourth embodiments.

<Sixth Embodiment>

Next, the control of the waste incineration power generation facility 100 according to the sixth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 11 .

11 is a diagram showing an example of a functional configuration of a main part of a control device according to a sixth embodiment.

FIG. 11 shows configurations of main parts of the combustion rate estimation unit 22 and the control unit 23E in the control device 20 . The combustion rate estimating unit 22 estimates the combustion rate q through the procedure described above. The control unit 23E includes a combustion rate command unit 247, a combustion rate controller 248, a subtracter 249, an adjustment amount calculation table 233 for the primary combustion air valve, an adder 234, an adjustment amount calculation table 235 for the secondary combustion air valve, and an adder 236. . The configuration illustrated in FIG. 11 is the same as that of the control unit 23B of the third embodiment (primary combustion air valve adjustment amount calculation table 233, adder 234, secondary combustion air valve adjustment amount calculation table 235, adder 236). Composition in case of combination.

The combustion speed command unit 247 calculates a command value qsv for adjusting the combustion speed q estimated by the combustion speed estimation unit 22 based on the deviation (SV-PV) between the set value SV of the steam flow rate and the measured value PV of the steam flow rate. The command value qsv commands the burning speed of the waste, and is used to make the measured value PV of the steam flow rate coincide with the set value SV which is the target value of the steam flow rate. By setting the combustion speed as qsv corresponding to this command value, the steam flow rate PV can be controlled to the target value SV with high precision. For example, the combustion speed command unit 247 has a correspondence table of the deviation (SV-PV) of the steam flow rate and the adjustment amount of the combustion speed q, and calculates the combustion speed command value qsv for adjusting the combustion speed q based on the correspondence table. The combustion speed controller 248 acquires the combustion speed command value qsv and the combustion speed q estimated by the combustion speed estimation unit 22, corrects the combustion speed q by the following formula (11), for example, and outputs the corrected combustion speed ^q˜ .

q ^~ ＝q+Kq(qsv-q)···(11)

Here, Kq is a coefficient of an arbitrary value.

The corrected combustion rate q ^~ is used for adjustment of primary combustion air and secondary combustion air, for example, as in the third embodiment. For example, the control unit 23E calculates the adjustment amount Δγ1 based on the corrected combustion rate q ^~ and the adjustment amount calculation table 233 of the primary combustion air valve, and calculates the adjustment amount Δγ1 based on the corrected combustion rate q~ and the adjustment amount calculation table 235 of the secondary combustion air valve To calculate the adjustment amount Δγ2.

(action)

The flow of processing in the sixth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 12 .

The data acquisition unit 21, the combustion rate estimation unit 22, and the control unit 23D execute the following processing at predetermined time intervals.

The data acquiring unit 21 acquires measured values such as the steam flow rate PV (step S1 ), and outputs them to the combustion rate estimating unit 22 and the control unit 23E. Next, the combustion rate estimation unit 22 estimates the combustion rate q (step S2). The combustion rate estimation unit 22 outputs the combustion rate q to the control unit 23E.

Next, the control unit 23E corrects the combustion rate q (step S8). Specifically, the control unit 23E subtracts the measured value PV from the set value SV of the steam flow rate using the subtracter 249 . The control unit 23E inputs the deviation (SV-PV) between the set value SV and the measured value PV to the combustion rate commander 247 . The burning speed command unit 247 calculates a burning speed command value qsv. The control unit 23E inputs the combustion rate command value qsv and the combustion rate q to the combustion rate controller 248 . The combustion rate controller 248 calculates the corrected combustion rate q ^∼ by the formula (11). The control unit 23E uses the corrected combustion rate q ^to calculate the amount of garbage supplied (first embodiment), the calculation of the valve opening degree of the primary combustion air, and the calculation of the valve opening degree of the secondary combustion air (the second embodiment to the fifth embodiment). ) etc. to perform combustion control of the waste incineration power generation facility 100.

According to this embodiment, the burning rate q of the garbage is estimated based on the measured value of the sensor installed in the garbage incinerator 100 such as the steam flow rate, the temperature of the combustion chamber, and the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas, and the command value of the burning rate of the garbage is calculated. Make the burning speed q of garbage consistent with the command value. Accordingly, it is possible to control the steam flow rate PV to the set value SV with high precision while suppressing fluctuations in the combustion rate q. The sixth embodiment can be combined with the first to fifth embodiments.

FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of a hardware configuration of a control device according to each embodiment.

The computer 900 includes a CPU 901 , a main storage device 902 , an auxiliary storage device 903 , an input/output interface 904 , and a communication interface 905 .

The control device 20 described above is installed in the computer 900 . In addition, each of the functions described above is stored in the auxiliary storage device 903 in the form of a program. The CPU 901 reads a program from the auxiliary storage device 903 and expands the program to the main storage device 902, and executes the above-described processing according to the program. Also, the CPU 901 secures a storage area in the main storage device 902 according to a program. In addition, the CPU 901 secures a storage area for storing data being processed in the auxiliary storage device 903 according to a program.

It should be noted that the program for realizing all or part of the functions of the control device 20 may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and the program stored in the storage medium may be read into the computer system, and by executing to process each function. The "computer system" as used herein is assumed to include hardware such as an operating system (OS: Operating System) and peripheral devices. In addition, when a "computer system" uses a WWW system, it also includes a homepage provision environment (or a display environment). In addition, the "computer-readable storage medium" refers to portable media such as CDs, DVDs, and USBs, and storage devices such as hard disks built into computer systems. In addition, when the program is distributed to the computer 900 via a communication line, the distributed computer 900 may deploy the program in the main storage device 902 and execute the above-described processing. In addition, the above-mentioned program may be a program for realizing part of the above-mentioned functions, or may be a program that can be realized in combination with a program that already stores the above-mentioned functions in a computer system.

As above, some embodiments of the present invention have been described, but all of these embodiments are presented as examples and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. These embodiments can be implemented in other various forms, and various omissions, substitutions, and changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. These embodiments and modifications thereof are included in the scope and gist of the invention, and are also included in the invention described in the claims and their equivalents.

<Notes>

The control device 20, the waste incineration facility 100, the control method, and the program described in each embodiment can be grasped as follows, for example.

(1) The control device 20 of the first aspect includes: a data acquisition unit 21 that acquires a measurement value measured by a sensor included in a garbage incineration facility; and a combustion rate estimation unit 22 that uses the measurement value to estimate the waste The combustion rate q in the incinerator (combustion chamber 6 ) of the incineration facility; and the control unit 23 controls the amount of garbage supplied or the flow rate of combustion air supplied to the incinerator based on the combustion rate.

As a result, fluctuations in the combustion of the entire waste incinerator are detected in terms of the combustion rate, and control according to the combustion rate can be performed, so that fluctuations in the combustion rate can be suppressed and stable operation can be achieved. For example, by supplying a fixed flow rate of steam to a turbine for power generation, it is possible to contribute to stabilization of power generation and increase in power generation. In addition, the emission of NOx, CO, and the like can be suppressed by stabilization of combustion.

(2) The control device 20 of the second aspect is the control device 20 of (1), wherein the combustion rate estimating unit multiplies the measured value by the maximum singular vector corresponding to the maximum singular value, and estimates the combustion rate (expression (9)), wherein the maximum singular value is obtained by performing singular value decomposition on a variance-covariance matrix of the measured values used for estimating the combustion rate.

As a result, the combustion rate q can be calculated with a small calculation load, and therefore the current combustion rate q can be estimated immediately after the measurement value is acquired.

(3) The control device 20 of the third aspect is the control device 20 of (1) to (2), wherein the control unit calculates the target value of the steam flow rate output to the waste incinerator and the measured value of the steam flow rate. A feedback controller for compensating for the deviation in the amount of garbage supplied, and adjusting the magnitude of the gain of the feedback controller based on the burning rate.

By controlling the amount of garbage supplied, fluctuations in the combustion rate can be suppressed (first embodiment).

(4) The control device 20 of the fourth aspect is the control device 20 of (1) to (3), wherein when the combustion rate is smaller than a predetermined threshold value, the control unit multiplies a value smaller than 1 by the said gain.

When the burning speed decreases due to excessive garbage supply, the burning speed can be recovered by controlling the garbage supply (first embodiment).

(5) The control device 20 of the fifth aspect is the control device 20 of (1) to (4), wherein the control unit controls the amount of primary combustion air supplied to the primary combustion chamber as follows according to the magnitude of the combustion velocity: The opening degree of the primary combustion air valve is controlled by the flow rate: when the combustion rate is larger than the prescribed threshold value, the opening degree of the primary combustion air valve is smaller than the reference value; when the combustion rate is smaller than the prescribed threshold value, The opening of the primary combustion air valve, wherein the primary combustion chamber is a space for incinerating garbage in the incinerator, is made larger than a reference value.

For example, by reducing the supply amount of primary combustion air when combustion is strong and increasing the supply amount of primary combustion air when combustion is low, combustion of garbage in the combustion chamber 6 can be stabilized (second embodiment).

(6) The control device 20 of the sixth aspect is the control device 20 of (5), and when the combustion rate is lower than a predetermined threshold value, the control unit makes the garbage supplied to the primary combustion chamber When the primary combustion air at the position of the inlet is higher than a predetermined reference value, and the combustion rate is greater than a predetermined threshold, the control unit makes the garbage inlet near the primary combustion chamber The position where the primary combustion air is reduced compared to the specified reference value.

The combustion rate can be more effectively stabilized by adjusting the supply amount of primary combustion air to each air box according to the generation ability of pyrolysis gas (fourth embodiment).

(7) The control device 20 of the seventh aspect is the control device 20 of (1) to (6), wherein the control unit controls the combustion air supplied to the secondary combustion chamber according to the magnitude of the combustion velocity as follows: The flow rate is controlled by the opening of the secondary combustion air valve: when the combustion rate is greater than the prescribed threshold, the opening of the secondary combustion air valve is greater than the reference value, and when the combustion rate is greater than the prescribed threshold The opening of the secondary combustion air valve is made smaller than a reference value, wherein the secondary combustion chamber is a space in the incinerator where combustion gas generated by incineration of garbage is combusted.

The emission risk of CO, NOx, etc. can be reduced (third embodiment).

(8) The control device 20 of the eighth aspect is the control device 20 of (1) to (7), wherein the control unit increases the combustion air rate when the variance of the combustion rate is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold value. flow.

By keeping the O ₂ concentration in the exhaust gas high, the shortage of combustion air can be avoided even if the combustion rate is increased, and the emission of CO can be suppressed (fifth embodiment).

(9) The control device 20 of the ninth aspect is the control device 20 of (1) to (8), wherein the control unit calculates the deviation between the target value of the steam flow rate output to the waste incinerator and the measured value of the steam flow rate. The command value of the combustion rate is compensated, and the combustion rate estimated by the combustion rate estimation unit is corrected based on the command value.

Thereby, while suppressing the fluctuation|variation of a combustion rate, the control objective of controlling so that the steam flow rate output from a waste incineration facility becomes a target value can be achieved more accurately.

(10) The garbage incineration equipment of the tenth plan has: an incinerator (combustion chamber 6), which burns garbage; a garbage feeding device (pusher 10), which supplies garbage to the incinerator; blower 4, which supplies the incinerator with Combustion air; combustion air valves (8A to 8E, 14E) controlling the flow rate of combustion air supplied from the air blower to an incinerator that burns waste in the incinerator; and the controls described in (1) to (9) device.

(11) The control method according to the eleventh aspect includes: a step of acquiring a measured value measured by a sensor included in the waste incineration facility; and a step of controlling a supply amount of refuse or a flow rate of combustion air supplied to the incinerator based on the combustion rate.

(12) The program of the twelfth aspect causes the computer to execute: the step of acquiring the measured value measured by the sensor included in the garbage incineration facility; and estimating the combustion rate in the incinerator of the garbage incineration facility using the measured value and a step of controlling a supply amount of refuse or a flow rate of combustion air supplied to the incinerator based on the combustion rate.

Explanation of reference signs

100: Garbage incineration equipment;

1: Hopper;

2: chute;

3: grate;

3A: drying area;

3B: combustion zone;

3C: post-combustion zone;

4: air blower;

5A～5E: Bellows;

6: combustion chamber;

6A: primary combustion chamber;

6B: secondary combustion chamber;

7: Gray exit;

8A～8E, 4A: valves;

9: Boiler;

10: Pusher;

11: Steam flow sensor;

12: flue;

13, 14: pipeline;

15: Oxygen concentration sensor;

16, 17A: temperature sensor;

17B: CO concentration sensor;

17C: NOx concentration sensor;

17D: flow sensor;

17E: flow sensor;

20: control device;

21: Data Acquisition Department;

22: Combustion rate estimation department;

23, 23A, 23B, 23C, 23D, 23E: control department;

24: storage department;

900: computer;

901: CPU;

902: main storage device;

903: an auxiliary storage device;

904: input and output interface;

905: communication interface.

Claims (12)

1. A control device, the control device has: The data acquisition unit acquires the measured value measured by the sensor included in the waste incineration facility; a combustion rate estimating unit estimating a combustion rate in an incinerator of the waste incineration facility using the measured value; and The control unit controls the amount of garbage supplied or the flow rate of combustion air supplied to the incinerator based on the combustion rate. 2. The control device according to claim 1, wherein, The combustion rate estimating unit estimates the combustion rate by multiplying the measured value by a maximum singular vector corresponding to a maximum singular value of the The variance-covariance matrix of measured values is obtained by singular value decomposition. 3. A control device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The control unit adjusts the feedback control based on the combustion speed with respect to a feedback controller that calculates a waste supply amount that compensates for a deviation between a target value of a steam flow rate output from a waste incinerator and the measured value of the steam flow rate. The size of the gain of the device. 4. The control device according to claim 3, wherein, The control unit multiplies a value smaller than 1 by the gain when the combustion rate is lower than a predetermined threshold. 5. A control device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: The control unit controls an opening degree of a primary combustion air valve for controlling a flow rate of primary combustion air supplied to the primary combustion chamber in accordance with the magnitude of the combustion velocity: when the combustion velocity is greater than a predetermined threshold value, , making the opening of the primary combustion air valve smaller than a reference value, and making the opening of the primary combustion air valve larger than a reference value when the combustion rate is smaller than a predetermined threshold, wherein the primary combustion chamber is The incinerator is a space for incinerating garbage. 6. The control device according to claim 5, wherein: When the combustion rate is lower than a predetermined threshold value, the control unit increases the primary combustion air supplied to a position close to the waste input port of the primary combustion chamber from a predetermined reference value, and at the When the combustion rate is greater than a predetermined threshold value, the control unit may reduce the primary combustion air supplied to a position close to a waste input port of the primary combustion chamber from a predetermined reference value. 7. A control device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: The control unit controls an opening degree of a secondary combustion air valve for controlling a flow rate of combustion air supplied to the secondary combustion chamber in accordance with the magnitude of the combustion velocity: when the combustion velocity is greater than a predetermined threshold value, , the opening of the secondary combustion air valve is larger than the reference value, and when the combustion rate is smaller than the specified threshold, the opening of the secondary combustion air valve is smaller than the reference value, wherein the two The secondary combustion chamber is a space in the above-mentioned incinerator where combustion gas generated by incineration of garbage is combusted. 8. A control device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: The control unit increases the flow rate of the combustion air when the variance of the combustion rate is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold. 9. A control device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: The control unit calculates a command value of the combustion rate for compensating for a deviation between a target value of a steam flow rate output by the waste incinerator and the measured value of the steam flow rate, and corrects the combustion rate based on the command value. The combustion rate estimated by the estimation unit. 10. A waste incineration device, the waste incineration device has: incinerator, burning garbage; a garbage feeding device, which supplies garbage to the incinerator; A blower supplies combustion air to the incinerator; a combustion air valve to control the flow of combustion air supplied from the blower to the incinerator; and A control device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9. 11. A control method, the control method comprising: A step of acquiring the measured value measured by the sensor included in the waste incineration facility; a step of estimating a combustion rate in an incinerator of the waste incineration facility using the measured value; and A step of controlling the supply amount of garbage or the flow rate of combustion air supplied to the incinerator based on the combustion rate. 12. A program that causes a computer to execute: A step of acquiring a measurement value measured by a sensor included in the waste incineration facility; a step of estimating a combustion rate in an incinerator of the waste incineration facility using the measured value; and A step of controlling the supply amount of garbage or the flow rate of combustion air supplied to the incinerator based on the combustion rate.

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