CN1154734C - 突变的5-烯醇丙酮酰莽草酸-3-磷酸合酶以及编码此蛋白的基因 - Google Patents
突变的5-烯醇丙酮酰莽草酸-3-磷酸合酶以及编码此蛋白的基因 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本专利公开了一种草甘膦抗性的，至少包括一个102位异亮氨酸置换苏氨酸的5-烯醇丙酮酰莽草酸-3-磷酸合酶(EPSPS)突变基因，以及用于产生抗草甘膦的转化的植物。
Description
本发明涉及一种新的5-烯醇丙酮酰莽草酸-3-磷酸合酶(EPSPS)，它对那些在EPSPS活性中作为磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸(PEP)竞争性抑制剂的除草剂表现出增强的抗性。这种抗性更强的EPSP合酶至少含有一个“异亮氨酸对苏氨酸”的置换。本发明也涉及编码这一蛋白的基因，涉及由含此基因的嵌合基因构建体转化的植物细胞，涉及由这些细胞再生的植株以及使用这些转化植株杂交产生的植株。
草甘膦，sulfosate和fosametine是属于膦酰甲基甘氨酸(phosphonomethylglycine)家族的广谱内吸除草剂。它们主要作为5-烯醇丙酮酰莽草酸-3-磷酸合酶(EC 2.5.1.19.)或EPSPS的竞争性抑制剂，竞争PEP(磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸)。把它们施用到植株后，它们在植株内运输并积累到快速生长的部位，特别是茎和根尖，造成损伤直至破坏敏感植株的程度。
质体EPSPS，这些产品的主要靶目标，是芳香族氨基酸生物合成途径的一种酶，它由一个或多个核基因编码并以胞质前体的形式合成，然后输入到质体并以成熟形式积累。
植株对草甘膦及其同族产品的耐受性是通过向它们的基因组稳定引入EPSPS基因获得，基因是植物或细菌来源的，相对于草甘膦抑制该基因产物的特征是突变的或者不同的。鉴于草甘膦的作用方式和使用基因的产物对草甘膦的耐受程度，能够表达该基因翻译产物以在质体中积累到相当的量是十分便利的。
已知例如美国专利4,535,060，通过向植物基因组引入至少携带一个突变从而在酶定位到质体区后使此酶对它的竞争性抑制剂(草甘膦)更具抗性的一个编码EPSPS的基因，可以给与植物对上述类型除草剂的抗性，特别是N-膦酰甲基甘氨酸(N-phosphonomethylglycine)或草甘膦。然而这些技术都需要改进，使这些植物在田间条件下使用时获得更高的可靠性。
在本描述中，“植物”意味着任何能够进行光合作用的分化的多细胞有机体，“植物细胞”意味着来源于植物并能够形成未分化组织例如愈伤组织或分化的组织例如胚或植株部分或种子的任何细胞。
本发明的目的是通过含有耐受膦酰甲基甘氨酸族除草剂的基因的新嵌合基因转化的细胞的再生，产生对此类除草剂具有增强耐受性的转化植物。
本发明的另一个目的是能够给与植物对以EPSPS作为靶的除草剂具增强耐受性的嵌合基因，在转录方向上包括：一个启动子区，任选的一个转运肽区，编码草甘膦耐受性酶基因和3′末端非翻译的聚腺苷酸信号区的序列，特征是相对于其衍生的基因，草甘膦耐受性基因在“aroA”(EPSPS)区含有一个“异亮氨酸对102位苏氨酸”的置换。优选地，它在同一区域另外包括一个“丝氨酸对106位脯氨酸”的置换。这些置换可以引入到或存在于任何来源的EPSPS序列，特别是植物，细菌，藻类或真菌来源的。
可用于转运肽区的本质已知的转运肽可以是植物来源，例如来源于玉米，向日葵，豌豆，烟草或诸如此类。第一和第二个转运肽可以相同，相似或不同。此外，它们可各自含有按照欧洲专利申请EPO 508 909的一个或多个转运肽单位。此特征区的功能是允许成熟和天然的蛋白，特别是上述突变的EPSPS在质体区的最高效率的释放。
依据本发明嵌合基因的启动子区有利地由在植物中天然表达的至少一个基因启动子或启动子片段组成(微管蛋白，内含子，肌动蛋白，组蛋白)。
嵌合基因3′末端非翻译的转录终止信号区可以是任何来源，例如细菌来源，诸如来自胭脂氨酸合酶基因，或植物来源，诸如来自依据欧洲专利申请(欧洲专利申请号633 317)的拟南芥组蛋白H4A748基因。
除了上述基本部分之外，根据发明的嵌合基因可包括至少一个非翻译中介(接头)区，其位于上述不同转录区之间。此中介区可以是任何来源，例如细菌，病毒或植物来源。
分离编码玉米EPSPS的cDNA：
下面叙述获得用作引入两个突变的基质的玉米EPSPS cDNA的不同步骤。下面描述的所有操作以实施例的形式提供，且对应于为达到同一结果从存在的不同方法中作出的一种选择。这种选择对结果的质量无影响，因而本技术领域熟练技术人员可使用任何合适的方法达到相同的结果。大多数DNA片段基因工程方法描述于“分子生物学通用方法(Current Protocols inMolecular Biology)”卷1和卷2，Ausubel F.M.等，Greene PublishingAssociates and Wiley-Interscience(1989)出版(下文中，对描述于此书中方法的参考文献将命名为“ref.CPMB”)。根据此书中描述方法进行的有关DNA的操作主要如下：DNA片段的连接，用Klenow DNA聚合酶和T4DNA聚合酶处理，微量制备或大量制备质粒和噬菌体λDNA，以及分别依据Southern和Northern技术进行DNA和RNA检测。也采用了描述于此书中的其它方法，并且只有对这些方法进行显著修改或附加时才在下面予以描述。
实施例1：
1.获取拟南芥EPSPS片段
a)根据拟南芥EPSPS基因序列(Klee H.J.等(1987)分子及普通遗传学(Mol.Gen.Genet.)，210，437-442)合成的两段20基体寡聚核苷酸，序列分别是：
5′-GCTCTGCTCATGTCTGCTCC-3′
5′-GCCCGCCCTTGACAAAGAAA-3′
这两段寡聚核苷酸分别在公布序列的1523到1543位和1737到1717位，并且方向相反。
b)拟南芥(哥伦比亚变种)总DNA来自Clontech(目录参考号：6970-1)。
c)把50纳克(ng)DNA与每种300ng寡聚核苷酸混合，使用Perkin-Elmer 9600仪器，在供应商建议的标准扩增介质条件下扩增35循环。产生的204-碱基对(bp)片段形成拟南芥EPSPS片段。
2.用BMS玉米细胞系构建cDNA文库
a)将5克过滤的细胞在液氮中研磨，总核酸的提取按照Shure等描述的方法进行并有以下修改：
-裂解缓冲液pH值调至pH9.0；
-用异丙醇沉淀后，以水溶解沉淀并在溶解后调节至2.5M LiCl。℃温育12小时后，在4℃ 30,000g离心15分钟得到沉淀并重新溶解。然后重复LiCl沉淀步骤。重溶的沉淀含有总核酸的RNA组分。
b)按照“分子生物学通用方法(Current Protocols in Molecular Biology)”所述在寡聚脱氧胸腺苷酸-纤维素柱(oligo(dT)-cellulose column)上色谱法获得RNA组分中的聚腺苷酸化RNA(poly(A)+RNA)组分。
c)具有合成的EcoRI末端的双链cDNA的合成：这一步骤按照合成所需的以试剂盒形式提供的各种试剂的供应商提供的方法进行：“复制试剂盒(copy kit)”来自In Vitrogen公司。
将分别具有序列：
5′-AATTCCCGGG-3′
5′-CCCGGG-3′(后者已磷酸化)
的两单链及其部分互补寡聚核苷酸与平头末端的双链cDNA连接。
衔接子的连接导致产生了结合到双链cDNA的SmaI位点和在每一双链cDNA末端粘性形式的EcoRI位点。
d)文库的创建
依照供应商New England Biolabs提供的方法将在其末端含有人工粘性EcoRI位点的cDNA与用EcoRI酶切并去磷酸化的噬菌体λgt10 cDNA相连接。
按照供应商的说明书，使用叫作Gigapack Gold的包装抽提物在体外包装一份连接反应物；用细菌大肠杆菌C600hfl(E.coli C60ohfl)滴定文库。由此获得的文库按照同一供应商的说明加以扩增和贮存，形成BMS玉米细胞悬液cDNA文库。
3.使用拟南芥EPSP探针筛选BMS玉米细胞悬液cDNA文库。
遵循“分子生物学通用方法(Current Protocols in Molecular Biology)”卷1和2，Ausubel F.M.等，Greene Publishing Associates and Wiley-Interscience(1989)(CPMB)中所述的方法。简洁说明，大约106个重组噬菌体以平均密度100个噬菌体/平方厘米在LB平皿中铺平板。裂解噬菌斑在Amersham公司Hybond N膜上双份复制。
通过1600KJ紫外处理(Stratagene Stratalinker)把DNA固定于滤膜。滤膜在65℃下6×SSC/0.1％SDS/0.25脱脂乳中预杂交2小时。根据供应商建议(Pharmacia Ready to Go kit)使用自由引物方法将拟南芥EPSPS探针用[32P]dCTP标记。获得的特异活性具有每微克片段108cpm的数量级。在100℃下变性5分钟后，将探针加入到预杂交介质中并在55℃下继续杂交14小时。使用Kodak XAR5胶片和Amersham Hyperscreen RPN增感屏，将滤膜在-80℃下荧光自显影48小时。对比滤膜上的阳性位点与它们来源的平皿，能够从该平皿中筛选出相应于与拟介芥EPSPS探针显示阳性杂交反应的噬菌体的区域。重复此铺平板，转化，杂交和再生的步骤，直到连续纯化的噬菌体在平板上的全部位点在杂交时证实有100％阳性。然后，在稀释的入培养基中(Tris-Cl pH7.5；10mM MgSO4；0.1M NaCl；0.1％明胶)挑选噬菌体裂解的独立噬菌斑；溶液中的这些噬菌体构成BMS玉米细胞悬液的EPSP-阳性克隆。
4.BMS玉米细胞悬液EPSP克隆DNA的制备和检测
将大约5×108噬菌体加到20毫升OD600nm值为2/毫升的C600hfl菌液中并在37℃下温育15分钟。然后将悬液稀释到一个1升三角瓶中的200毫升细菌生长培养基中，并以250rpm的速度在旋转搅拌器上搅拌。对应于混浊菌液的裂解，在搅拌大约4小时后，培养液澄清指示显著裂解。然后按“分子生物学通用方法(Current Protocols in Molecular Biology)”中所述处理此清液。获得的DNA对应于BMS玉米细胞悬液EPSP克隆。
用EcoRI酶切1到2微克此DNA并在0.8％LGTA/TBE琼脂糖凝胶上分离(参考CPMB)。最终结论是发现纯化的DNA确实与拟南芥EPSPS探针显示杂交信号。电泳之后，按照描述于“分子生物学通用方法(Current Protocolsin Molecular Biology)”中的Southem方法将DNA片段转移到AmershamHybond N膜。按照上述第3部分所述的条件将滤膜与拟南芥EPSPS探针杂交。显示与拟南芥EPSPS探针杂交信号并含有最长EcoRI片段的克隆按凝胶带估计具有大约1.7kbp的大小。
5.获得克隆pRPA-ML-711
用EcoRI消化10微克含有1.7kbp插入片段的噬菌体克隆并在0.8％LGTA/TBE琼脂糖凝胶上分离(参考CPMB)。从BET染色的凝胶上切下含有1.7kbp插入片段的凝胶片段，并按照供应商New England Biolabs的方法用β-琼脂糖酶处理该片段。按照描述于“分子生物学通用方法(Cwrrent Protocolsin Molecular Biology)”中的连接方法将1.7kbp片段纯化DNA与用EcoRI酶切的质粒PUC 19(New England Biolabs)DNA在12℃下连接14小时。两微升上述连接混合物用于转化等份的电感受态大肠杆菌(E.coli)DH10B；以电穿孔法进行转化，使用下面条件：将感受态细菌和连接液混合物引入到一个厚度0.2厘米的电穿孔室(Biorad)，预冷至0℃。使用Biorad制造的电穿孔仪，电穿孔的物理条件是2500伏特，25微法拉和200欧姆。在此条件下，电容器(Condenser)的平均放电时间在4.2毫秒的数量级。然后将细菌溶解于1毫升SOC培养基(ref.CPMB)并于15毫升角状管(coring tubes)中在旋转搅拌器上在200rpm搅拌1小时。按照描述于“分子生物学通用方法”(Current Protocols inMolecular Biology)”中的方法，在补充有100微克/毫升的羧苄青霉素的LB/琼脂培养基上铺平板后，产生了在37℃下生长一夜的微制备的细菌克隆。用EcoRI消化DNA并在0.8％LGTA/TBE琼脂糖凝胶上电泳分离后(ref.CPMB)，保留含有1.7-kbp插入片段的克隆。最终结论是发现纯化的DNA确实显示与拟南芥EPSPS探针的杂交信号。电泳之后，按照描述于“分子生物学通用方法(Current Protocols in Molecular Biology)”中的Southem方法将DNA片段转移到Amersham Hybond N膜。按照描述于上述第3部分的条件将滤膜与拟南芥EPSPS探针杂交。大量制备含有1.7kbp插入片段并与拟南芥EPSPS探针杂交的质粒克隆，并将细菌裂解产生的DNA按“分子生物学通用方法(Current Protocols in Molecular Biology)”中所述用氯化铯梯度纯化。纯化的DNA使用Pharmacia试剂盒按照供应商的说明并用定购于同一供应商M13正向和反向通用引物作为引物进行部分测序。产生的部分序列大约有0.5kbp。衍生的在成熟蛋白区的氨基酸序列(大约50氨基酸残基)与描述于美国专利USP 4,971,908中的成熟玉米EPSPS的相应氨基酸序列显示100％同源性。命名这一相应于BMS玉米细胞悬浮EPSPS DNA的1.7kbp EccRI片段的克隆为pRPA-ML-711。使用Pharmacia试剂盒方法确定了此克隆每链的全序列并且合成互补寡核苷酸及其相反方向寡核苷酸各大约250bp。获得的此1713bp克隆的全序列显示于序列1。
6.获得克隆pRPA-ML-715
克隆pRPA-ML-711序列的检测，特别是将衍生的氨基酸序列与玉米的相比较，显示在编码玉米EPSPS(美国专利USP 4,971,908)成熟部分N末端丙氨酸的GCG密码子上游有一段92bp的序列延伸。相似地，观察到在编码玉米EPSPS(美国专利USP 4,971,908)成熟部分C末端天冬酰胺的AAT密码子下游有一段288bp的延伸。这两个部分可能是，N端延伸对应于用于质体定位的转运肽序列的一部分，C端延伸对应于非翻译的cDNA3′区域。
为了获得编码玉米EPSPS cDNA成熟部分的cDNA，如USP 4,971,908中所述，进行了以下操作：
a)除去非翻译的3′区域：构建pRPA-ML-712：
用限制性酶AseI切克隆pRPA-ML-711，并按照CPMB中所述方法使用DNA聚合酶I的Klenow片段把由此裂解产生的末端处理成钝末端。然后用限制性酶SacII进行切割。由这些操作产生的DNA通过在1％LGTA/TBE琼脂糖凝胶上电泳进行分离(ref.CPMB)。
从凝胶上切下含0.4-kbp“AseI-钝末端/SacII”插入片段的胶片段并按照描述于上述第5部分的方法纯化。用限制性酶HindIII在克隆载体PUC19多接头的HindIII位点切割克隆pRPA-ML-711DNA，并用DNA聚合酶I的Klenow片段把此切割产生的末端处理成钝末端。然后用限制性酶SacII切割处理。从这些操作产生的DNA在0.7％LGTA/TBE琼脂糖凝胶上电泳分离(ref.CPMB)。
从凝胶上切下含有大约3.7kbp HindIII-钝末端/SacII插入片段的胶片段并按照描述于上述第5部分的方法纯化。
将两插入片段连接，并用2微升连接混合物按照上述第5部分所述转化大肠杆菌DH10B。
按照描述于pRDA-ML-711的步骤检测不同克隆的质粒DNA内容。选择的一个质粒克隆含有大约1.45-kbp的EcoRI-HindIII插入片段。这一克隆的末端序列揭示插入片段的5′末端准确对应于pRPA-ML-711的相应末端，并且其3′末端具有下面序列：
“5′-…
AATTAAGCTCTAGAGTCGACCTGCAGGCATGCAAGCTT-3′”。
划线序列对应C末端氨基酸天冬酰胺的密码子，下一个密码子对应翻译终止密码子。下游的核苷酸对应PUC 19多接头的序列元素。此克隆包括pRPA-ML-711序列直至成熟玉米EPSPS的翻译终止位点，其后的PUC 19多接头序列直至HindIII位点命名为pRPA-ML-712。
b)pRPA-ML-7125′末端的修饰：
构建pRPA-ML-715：
用限制性酶PstI和HindIII切克隆pRPA-ML-712。将这些操作产生的DNA在0.8％LGTA/TBE琼脂糖凝胶上电泳分离(参照CPMB)。从凝胶上切下含有1.3-kbp PstI-EcoRI插入片段的胶片段并按照上面第5部分所述的方法纯化。此插入片段在等摩尔量的每种下面两个部分互补寡核苷酸序列存在下：
寡核苷酸1：5′-GAGCCGAGCTCCATGGCCGGCGCCGAGGAGATCGTGCTGCA-3′
寡核苷酸2：5′-GCACGATCTCCTCGGCGCCGGCCATGGAGCTCGGCTC-3′以及用限制性酶BamHI和HindIII消化的质粒PUC 19 DNA存在下连接。
使用2微升连接混合物按上面第5部分所述转化大肠杆菌DH10B。按照描述于上面第5部分的步骤对不同克隆的质粒DNA内容检测后，保留一个含有大约1.3-kbp插入片段的克隆用于下面的检测。选择的克隆5′末端序列揭示此区域的DNA序列如下：PUC 19多接头从EcoRI到BamHI位点的序列，其后是用于克隆的寡核苷酸序列，最后是存在于pRPA-ML-712的残余序列。此克隆命名为pRPA-ML-713。此克隆含有一个包括在成熟EPSP合酶N末端丙氨酸密码子上游NcoI位点的甲硫氨酸ATG密码子。此外，保留了N末端丙氨酸和甘氨酸密码子，但修改了第三个可变碱基：初始的GC
GGG
T修改为GC
CGG
C。
用限制性酶HindIII切克隆pRPA-ML-713，并用DNA聚合酶IKlenow片段把切割末端处理成钝末端。然后用限制性酶SacI切割。由这些操作产生的DNA在0.8％LGTA/TBE琼脂糖凝胶上电泳分离(ref.CPMB)。从凝胶上切下含有1.3-kbp“HindIII-钝末端/SacI”插入片段的胶片段，并按上面第5部分所述的方法纯化。此插入片段在用限制性酶XbaI消化并用DNA聚合酶I的Klenow片段将切割末端处理成钝末端的质粒PUC 19DNA存在下连接。然后用限制性酶SacI切割。两微升连接混合物如上面第5部分所述用于转化大肠杆菌DH10B。按照上面第5部分所述方法对不同克隆的质粒DNA内容检测之后，保留一个含有大约1.3-kbp插入片段的克隆进一步检测。选择的克隆末端序列揭示DNA序列如下：PUC 19多接头从EcoRI到SacI位点的序列，其后是用于克隆的寡核苷酸序列，其中缺失了上述寡核苷酸1的4bpGATCC，最后是存在于pRPA-ML-712直至HindIII位点的残余序列以及PUC 19多接头从XbaI到HindIII的序列。此克隆命名为pRPA-ML-715。
7.获得编码突变的玉米EPSPS的cDNA
所有的突变步骤都按照供应商说明使用Pharmacia U.S.E突变发生试剂盒进行。此突变发生体系的原理如下：热变性质粒DNA并在一摩尔过量的一方面突变发生寡核苷酸，以及另一方面能够消除存在于多接头的特定限制性酶切位点的寡核苷酸存在下重缔合。重缔合步骤后，在提供的合适缓冲液中T4 DNA连接酶和基因32蛋白存在下利用T4 DNA聚合酶作用合成互补链。合成产物在假定其位点已通过突变除去的限制性酶存在下温育。特别是含有mutS突变的大肠杆菌菌株用作此DNA转化的宿主。在液体培养基中生长后，制备总质粒DNA并在前面使用的限制性酶存在下温育。这些处理之后，使用大肠杆菌菌株DH10B作为转化的宿主。制备分离克隆的质粒DNA，并通过测序证实引入突变的存在。
A)-基本上不影响玉米对作为EPSP合酶活性竞争性抑制剂的产品的EPSPS-抗性特征的位点或序列修饰：从pRPA-ML-715除去一个内部NcoI位点
通过把N末端丙氨酸密码子GCC的第一个碱基置于1位对pRPA-ML-715序列人为编号。此序列在1217位含有一个NcoI位点。该位点修饰的寡核苷酸序列为：
5′-CCACAGGATGGCGATGGCCTTCTCC-3′。
按照上面提供的参考文献测序后，突变后序列阅读对应于所用的寡聚核苷酸。确实已除去了NcoI位点，并且此区域向氨基酸的翻译保留了pRPA-ML-715中存在的初始序列。
此克隆命名为pRPA-ML-716。
此克隆的1340-bp序列存在于序列2和序列3。
B)-使玉米具有对作为EPSP合酶活性竞争性抑制剂的产品的EPSPS-抗性特征增强的序列修饰。
使用下列寡核苷酸：
a)突变苏氨酸(Thr)102→异亮氨酸(Ile)。
5′-GAATGCTGGAATCGCAATGCGGCCATTGACAGC-3′
b)突变脯氨酸(Pro)106→丝氨酸(Ser)。
5′-GAATGCTGGAACTGCAATGCGGTCCTTGACAGC-3′
c)突变甘氨酸(Gly)101→丙氨酸(Ala)和苏氨酸(Thr)102→异亮氨酸(Ile)。
5′-CTTGGGGAATGCTGCCATCGCAATGCGGCCATTG-3′
d)突变苏氨酸(Thr)102→异亮氨酸(Ile)和脯氨酸(Pro)106→丝氨酸(Ser)。
5′-GGGGAATGCTGGAATCGCAATGCGGTCCTTGACAGC-3′
测序表明，三个突变片段突变后的序列阅读除了对应于使用的突变产生寡核苷酸的突变产生区域之外，其余都与母本pRPA-ML-716DNA序列相同。命名这些克隆：pRPA-ML-717对应突变Thr102→Ile，pRPA-ML-718对应突变Pro106→Ser，pRPA-ML-719对应突变Gly101→Ala和Thr102→Ile以及pRPA-ML-720对应突变Thr102→Ile和Pro106→Ser。
pRPA-ML-720的1340-bp序列存在于序列4和序列5。
1395-bp的NcoI-HindIII插入片段是所有构建体的基础，这些构建体用于转化植物以引入对那些作为EPSPS竞争性抑制剂的除草剂的抗性，特别是草甘膦抗性。此插入片段将在后面的描述“玉米EPSPS双突变”中指明。
实施例2：
各种突变体的体外草甘膦耐受性
2.a：提取EPSP合酶
将各种EPSP合酶基因以NcoI-HindIII盒形式引入用NcoI和HindIII酶切的质粒载体pTrc99a(Pharmacia，参照：27-5007-01)。超量表达各种EPSP合酶的重组大肠杆菌DH10B在每10克沉淀细胞40毫升缓冲液中超声波处理，并用加有1克聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的同种缓冲液(200mM Tris-HClpH7.8，50mM巯基乙醇，5mM EDTA和1mM PMSF)洗涤。悬液在4℃下搅拌15分钟，然后在4℃下27,000g离心20分钟。
向上清液中加入硫酸铵使溶液达到40％的硫酸铵饱和度。混合液在4℃下27,000g离心20分钟。将硫酸铵加入新的上清液使溶液达到70％的硫酸铵饱和度。混合液在4℃下27,000g离心30分钟。存在于此蛋白沉淀的EPSP合酶溶解于1毫升缓冲液(20mM Tris-HCl pH7.8和50mM巯基乙醇)。将此溶液对两升同种缓冲液在4℃下透析过夜。
2.b：酶活性
每种酶活性及其草甘膦抗性在下面的反应混合液中于37℃下10分钟内体外测定：100mM马来酸pH5.6，1mM磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸，3mM莽草酸3-磷酸(按照Knowles PF和Sprinson D.B.1970.酶学方法(Methods inEnzymol)17A，351-352制备，来自产气气杆菌(Aerobacter aerogenes)ATCC25597)和10mM氟化钾。酶提取物在加入草甘膦后立即加入，终浓度为0到20mM。
按照Tausky H.A.和Shorr E.1953.生物化学杂志(J.Biol.Chem.)202，675-685中的技术通过测定释放的磷酸盐确定酶活性。
在这种情况下，野生型(WT)酶在草甘膦浓度为0.12mM时已有85％被抑制。在此浓度下，名为Ser106的突变酶只有50％抑制，并且另外三个突变体，Ile102，Ile102/Ser106和Ala101/Ile102表现极小的甚至没有抑制。
为了产生对突变体酶Ile102 50％的抑制，必须把草甘膦浓度增大10倍，即1.2mM，而突变体Ile102/Ser106，Ala/Ile和Ala仍不被抑制。
应当指出的是，直到草甘膦浓度为10mM时突变体Ala/Ile和Ala仍不被抑制，并且甚至草甘膦浓度加倍，即20mM时，突变体Ile102/Ser106活性仍无减少。
实施例3：
转化的烟草植株的抗性
1-1-转化
将载体pRPA-RD-173引入携带粘性pTVK291(Komari等.，1986)的根瘤土壤杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)菌株EHA101(Hood等.，1987)。转化技术基于Horsh等，(1985)的方法。
1-2-再生
在含有30克/升蔗糖和200微克/毫升卡那霉素的Murashige和Skoog(Ms)基本培养基上从叶外植体(leaf explants)进行PBD6烟草(来自SEITA法国)的再生。叶外植体取自温室培养或体外培养的植株，并按照叶盘法(leaf disctechnique)(科学(Science)，1985，卷227，PP.1229-1231)通过三个连续步骤转化：第一步包括在补充有30克/升蔗糖包含0.05毫克/升萘乙酸(NAA)和2毫克/升苄基氨基嘌呤(BAP)的培养基上诱导苗15天。然后将这一步形成的苗通过在补充有30克/升蔗糖但不含任何激素的MS培养基上培养发育10天。随后把发育的苗移到具有一半浓度盐，维生素和蔗糖且不含任何激素的MS生根培养基上培养。大约15天后，将生根的苗移至土壤。
1-3-草甘膦抗性
二十株转化植株得以再生并转移到温室用以构建pRPA-RD-173。这些植株在温室中5叶期时用总计相应于每公顷0.8公斤的草甘膦活性物质的水悬液处理。
结果表示处理3星期后记录的植物毒性指数。在这种情况下，发现用构建体pRPA-RD-173转化的植株显示良好的耐受性，而未转化的对照植株完全被破坏。
这些结果清楚表明由于使用依据本发明的嵌合基因作为编码草甘膦耐受性的同一基因带来的改进。
实施例4：
转化和选择玉米细胞
依据Klein等.1987年所述的原理和方法(Klein T.M.，Wolf E.D.，Wu R.和Sandford J.C.(1987)：用于将核酸传递至活细胞的高速微投射(High Velocitymicroprojectiles for delivering nucleic acids into living cells)，自然(NATURE)Vol.327 pp.70-73)用构建体pRPA-RD-130轰击对数生长期的BMS(黑墨西哥甜(Black Mexican Sweet))玉米细胞。
轰击两天后，将细胞转移至含有2mM N-(膦酰甲基)甘氨酸的同一培养基。
在此培养基上筛选8星期后，选择发育的愈伤组织，然后用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)扩增并检测，清楚地揭示了嵌合的OTP-EPSPS基因的存在。
未被轰击并在含有2mM N-(膦酰甲基)甘氨酸的相同培养基上生长的细胞被除草剂阻碍而不发育。
依据本发明的转化植株可用作亲本以获得具有对应于引入的嵌合基因表达的表型特征的种系或杂种。
质粒构建体的描述
pRPA-RD-124：将一个“nos”聚腺苷酸化信号添加到pRPA-ML-720，并伴有包括玉米双突变EPSPS基因(Thr102→Ile和Pro106→Ser)的克隆盒的形成。用HindIII消化pRPA-RD-720并用大肠杆菌DNA聚合酶I的Klenow片段处理形成钝末端。用NcoI进行第二次消化，并纯化EPSPS片段。然后将EPSPS基因与纯化的pRPA-RD-12(含有胭脂氨酸合酶聚腺苷酸信号的一个克隆盒)相连接以形成pRPA-RD-124。为了获得有效的纯化载体pRPA-RD-12，必须预先用SalI消化后者，用KlenowDNA聚合酶处理然后用NcoI第二次消化。
pRPA-RD-125：将一个最优化转运肽(OTP)添加到pRPA-RD-124，并伴有包含定向到质粒的EPSPS基因的克隆盒的形成。用SphI消化pRPA-RD-7(欧洲专利申请EP 65 2286)，用T4 DNA聚合酶处理然后用SpeI消化，并纯化OTP片段。将此OTP片段克隆到pRPA-RD-124中，它已预先用NcoI消化，用Klenow DNA聚合酶处理除去突出的3′部分然后用SpeI消化。然后对此克隆测序以保证OTP和EPSPS基因之间正确的翻译融合。这样获得了pRPA-RD-125。
pRPA-RD-130：将H3C4玉米组蛋白启动子和pRPA-RD-123(专利申请EP 507698)的adhl内含子1序列添加到pRPA-RD-125，并伴有用于植物中表达单子叶植物组织中的双突变EPSPS基因的表达盒的形成。用NcoI和SacI消化pRPA-RD-123(一个包含H3C4玉米组蛋白启动子与adhl内含子1融合的盒)。然后纯化含有来自pRPA-RD-123的启动子的DNA片段，并与预先用NcoI和SacI消化的pRPA-RD-125连接。
pRPA-RD-159：将H4A748拟南芥属(Arabidopsis)组蛋白双启动子(专利申请EP 507698)添加到pRPA-RD-125，并伴有用于植物中表达双子叶植物组织中的“OTP-双突变EPSPS基因”的表达盒的形成。用NcoI和SacI消化pRPA-RD-132(一个含有H4A748双启动子的盒(专利申请EP507 698))。然后将纯化的启动子片段克隆到已用EcoI和SacI消化的pRPA-RD-125中。
pRPA-RD-173；将pRPA-RD-159的“H4A748启动子-OTP-双突变EPSPS基因”基因添加到质粒pRPA-BL-150A(欧洲专利申请508 909)，并伴有根瘤土壤杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)转化载体的形成。用NotI消化pRPA-RD-159并用Klenow聚合酶处理。然后将此片段用SmaI克隆到pRPA-BL-150A。
序列表
(1)一般资料：
(i)申请人：Lebrun，Michel
Sailland，Alain
Freyssinet Goorgee
Deqryse Eric
(ii)发明名称：突变的5-烯醇丙酮酰莽草酸-3-磷酸合酶，编码
比蛋白的基因以及含有此基因的转化的植物
(iii)序列数目：5
(iv)通讯地址：
(A)收信人：
(B)街道：
(C)城市：
(E)国家：法国
(F)邮编：69263
(v)计算机可读形式：
(A)媒介类型：软盘
(B)计算机：IBM兼容PC
(C)操作系统：PC-DOS/MS-DOS
(D)软件：Patent In Release#1.0，#1.25版本
(vi)当前申请资料：
(A)申请号：08/945,144
(B)申请日期：
(C)分类：
(viii)律师/代理人资料：
(A)姓名：
(ix)电讯资料：
(A)电话：(33)72-29-26-46
(B)传真：(33)72-29-28-43
(2)序列资料1：
(i)序列特征：
(A)长度：1713碱基对
(B)类型：核酸
(C)链型：双链
(D)拓扑结构：线性
(ii)分子类型：cDNA
(vi)原始来源：
(A)生物：zea mays
(B)品质：黑墨西哥甜玉米(Black Mexicon Sweet)
(E)组织类型：愈伤组织
(vii)直接来源：
(A)文库：lambda qt10
(B)克隆：pRPA-ML-711
(xi)序列描述：序列1：
AATCAATTTC ACACAGGAAA CACCTATCAC CATGATTACG AATTCGGGCC CGGGCGCGTG 60
ATCCGGCGGC GGCAGCGGCG GCGGCGGTGC AGGCGGGTGC CGAGGAGATC GTGCTGCAGC 120
CCATCAAGGA GATCTCCGGC ACCGTCAAGC TGCCGGGGTC CAAGTCGCTT TCCAACCGGA 180
TCCTCCTACT CGCCGCCCTC TCCGAGGGGA CAACAGTCCT TCATAACCTG CTGAACAGTG 240
AGGATGTCCA CTACATGCTC GGGGCCTTGA GGACTCTTGG TCTCTCTGTC GAAGCGGACA 300
AAGCTGCCAA AAGAGCTGTA GTTGTTGGCT GTGGTGGAAA GTTCCCAGTT GAGGATGCTA 360
AAGAGGAAGT GCAGCTCTTC TTGGGGAATG CTGGAACTGC AATGCGCCCA TTCACAGCAG 420
CTCTTACTCC TGCTGGTGGA AATGCAACTT ACGTGCTTGA TGGAGTACCA AGAATGAGGG 480
AGAGACCCAT TGGCGACTTG GTTGTCGGAT TGAAGCAGCT TGGTGCAGAT GTTGATTGTT 540
TCCTTGGCAC TGACTGCCCA CCTGTTCGTG TCAATGGAAT CGGAGGCCTA CCTGGTGGCA 600
AGGTCAAGCT GTCTGGCTCC ATCACCACTC AGTACTTGAG TGCCTTGCTG ATGGCTGCTC 660
CTTTGGCTCT TGGGGATGTG GAGATTGAAA TCATTGATAA ATTAATCTCC ATTCCGTACG 720
TCGAAATGAC ATTGAGATTG ATGGAGCGTT TTGGTGTGAA AGCAGAGCAT TCTGATAGCT 780
GGGACAGATT CTACATTAAG GGAGGTCAAA AATACAACTC CCCTAAAAAT GCCTATGTTG 540
AAGGTGATGC CTCAAGCGCA AGCTATTTCT TGGCTGGTGC TGCAATTACT GGAGGGACTG 900
TGACTGTGGA AGGTTGTGGC ACCACCAGTT TGCAGGGTGA TGTGAAGTTT GCTGAGGTAC 960
TGGAGATGAT GGGAGCGAAC GTTACATGGA CCGAGACTAC CCTAACTCTT ACTGGCCCAC 1020
CGCGGGAGCC ATTTGGGAGG AAACACCTCA AGGCGATTGA TGTCAACATG AACAAGATGC 1080
CTGATGTCGC CATGACTCTT GCTGTGGTTG CCCTCTTTGC CGATGGCCCC ACAGCCATCA 1140
GAGACGTGGC TTCCTGGAGA GTAAAGGAGA CCCACACCAT GGTTGCGATC CCCACCCACC 1200
TAACCAACCT CCCACCATCT GTTGAGGAAG GGCCGGACTA CTGCATCATC ACGCCGCCGG 1260
AGAAGCTGAA CGTGACGGCG ATCGACACGT ACGACGACCA CAGGATGGCC ATGGCCTTCT 1320
CCCTTGCCGC CTGTGCCGAG GTCCCCGTCA CCATCCGGGA CCCTGGGTGC ACCCGGAAGA 1380
CCTTCCCCGA CTACTTCCAT GTGCTGACCA CTTTCGTCAA GAATTAATAA AGCGTGCGAT 1440
ACTACCACGC AGCTTGATTG AAGTGATAGG CTTGTGCTGA GGAAAACATC TTCTTTTGTT 1500
CTGTTTTTCT CTTTCACGGG ATTAAGTTTT GAGTCTGTAA CGTTAGTTGT TTGTAGCAAG 1560
TTTCTATTTC GGATCTTAAG TTTCTGCACT GTAAGCCAAA TTTCATTTCA AGAGTGGTTC 1620
CTTCCAATAA TAAGAATAAT AAATTACGTT TCAGTGAAAA AAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAA 1680
AAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAA AACCCGGGAA TTC 1713
(2)序列资料2：
(i)序列特征：
(A)长度：1340碱基对
(B)类型：核酸
(C)链型：双链
(D)拓扑结构：线性
(ii)分子类型cDNA
(vi)原始来源：
(A)生物：zea mays
(B)品系：黑墨西哥甜玉米(Black Mexicon Sweet)
(vii)直接来源：
(B)克隆：pRPA-ML-716
(ix)特征：
(A)名字/关键词：CDS
(B)位置：6..1337
(xi)序列描述：序列2：
CCATG GCC GGC GCC GAG GAG ATC GTG CTG CAG CCC ATC AAG GAG ATC 47
Ala Gly Ala Clu Clu Ilc Val Leu Gln Pro Ile Lys Glu Ile
1 5 10
TCC GCC ACC GTC AAG CTG CCC CCC TCC AAG TCG CTT TCC AAC CGG ATC 95
Ser Gly Thr Val Lys Leu Pro Gly Ser Tys Ser Leu Ser Asn Arg Ile
15 20 25 30
CTC CTA CTC GCC GCC CTG TCC GAG GGG ACA ACA GTG GTT GAT AAC CTG 143
Leu Leu Leu Ala Ala Leu Ser Glu Gly Thr Thr Val Val Asp Asn Leu
35 40 45
CTG AAC AGT GAG GAT GTC CAC TAC ATG CTC GGG GCC TTG AGG ACT CTT 191
Leu Asn Ser Glu Asp Val His Tyr Met Leu Gly Ala Leu Arg Thr Leu
50 55 60
GGT CTC TCT GTC GAA GCG GAC AAA GCT GCC AAA AGA GCT CTA CTT GTT 239
Gly Leu Ser Val Glu Ala Asp Lys Ala Ala Lys Arg Ala Val Val Val
65 70 75
GGC TGT GGT GGA AAG TTC CCA GTT GAG GAT GCT AAA GAG GAA GTG CAG 287
Gly Cys Gly Gly Lys Pho Pro Val Glu Asp Ala Lys Glu Glu Val Gln
80 85 90
CTC TTC TTC GGG AAT GCT CCA ACT CCA ATG CGG CCA TTG ACA GCA GCT 335
Leu Phe Leu Gly Asn Ala Gly Thr Ala Met Arg Pro Leu Thr Ala Ala
95 100 105 110
GTT ACT GCT GCT GGT GGA AAT GCA ACT TAC GTG CTT GAT GGA GTA CCA 383
Val Thr Ala Ala Gly Gly Asn Ala Thr Tyr Val Leu Asp Cly Val Pro
115 120 125
AGA ATG AGG GAG AGA CCC ATT GGC GAC TTG GTT GTC CCA TTC AAC CAC 431
Arg Met Arg Glu Arg Pro Ile Gly Asp Leu Val Val Gly Leu Lys Gln
130 135 140
CTT GGT GCA GAT GTT GAT TGT TTC CTT GGC ACT GAC TGC CCA CCT GTT 479
Leu Gly Ala Asp Val Asp Cys Phe Leu Gly Thr Asp Cys Pro Pro Val
145 150 155
CGT GTC AAT GGA ATC GGA GGG CTA CCT GGT GGC AAG GTC AAG CTG TCT 527
Arg Val Asn Gly Ile Gly Gly Leu Pro Gly Cly Lys Val Lys Leu Ser
160 165 170
GGC TCC ATC AGC AGT CAG TAC TTG AGT GCC TTG CTG ATG GCT GCT CCT 575
Gly Ser Ile Ser Ser Gln Tyr Leu Ser Ala Leu Leu Met Ala Ala Pro
175 180 105 190
TTG GCT CTT GGG GAT GTG GAG ATT GAA ATC ATT GAT AAA TTA ATC TCC 623
Leu Ala Leu Gly Asp Val Glu Ile Glu Ile Ile Asp Lys Leu Ile Ser
195 200 205
ATT CCG TAC GTC GAA ATC ACA TTG AGA TTG ATG GAC CCT TTT CCT CTG 671
Ile Pro Tyr Val Glu Met Thr Leu Arg Leu Met Glu Arg Phe Gly Val
210 215 220
AAA GCA GAG CAT TCT GAT AGC TGG GAC AGA TTC TAC ATT AAG GGA GGT 719
Lys Ala Glu His Ser Asp Ser Trp Asp Arg Phe Tyr Ile Lys Gly Gly
225 230 235
CAA AAA TAC AAG TCC CCT AAA AAT GCC TAT GTT GAA GGT GAT GCC TCA 767
Gln Lys Tyr Lys Ser Pro Lys Asn Ala Tyr Val Glu Gly Asp Ala Ser
240 245 250
AGC GCA AGC TAT TTC TTG GCT GGT GCT GCA ATT ACT CGA GGG ACT GTG 815
Ser Ala Ser Tyr Phe Leu Ala Gly Ala Ala Ile Thr Gly Gly Thr Val
355 260 265 270
ACT GTG GAA GGT TGT GGC ACC ACC AGT TTG CAG GGT GAT GTG AAG TTT 863
Thr Val Glu Gly Cye Cly Thr Thr Ser Leu Gln Gly Asp Val Lys Phe
275 280 285
GCT GAG GTA CTG GAG ATG ATG CCA CCC AAC CTT ACA TGG ACC GAG ACT 911
Ala Glu Val Leu Glu Met Met Gly Ala Lys Val Thr Trp Thr Glu Thr
290 295 300
AGC GTA ACT GTT ACT GGC CCA CCG CGG GAG CCA TTT GGG AGG AAA CAC 959
Ser Val Thr Val Thr Gly Pro Pro Arg Glu Pro Phe Gly Arg Lys His
305 310 315
CTC AAG GCG ATT GAT GTC AAC ATG AAC AAG ATG CCT GAT GTC GCC ATG 1007
Leu Lys Ala Ile Asp Val Asn Met Asn Lys Met Pro Asp Val Ala Met
320 325 330
ACT CTT GCT GTG GTT GCC CTC TTT GCC GAT GGC CCG ACA GCC ATC ACA 1055
Thr Leu Ala Val Val Ala Leu Phe Ala Asp Gly Pro Thr Ala Ile Arg
335 340 345 350
GAC GTG GCT TCC TGG AGA GTA AAG GAG ACC GAG AGG ATG GTT GCG ATC 1103
Asp Val Ala Ser Trp Arg Val Lys Glu Thr Glu Arg Met Val Ala Ile
355 360 365
CGG ACG GAG CTA ACC AAG CTG GGA GCA TCT GTT GAG GAA GGG CCG GAC 1151
Arg Thr Glu Leu Thr Lys Leu Gly Ala Ser Val Glu Glu Gly Pro Asp
370 375 380
TAC TGC ATC ATC ACG CCG CCG GAG AAG CTG AAC GTG ACG GCG ATC GAC 1199
Tyr Cys Ile Ile Thr Pro Pro Glu Lys Leu Asn Val Thr Ala Ile Asp
385 390 395
ACG TAC GAC GAC CAC AGG ATG GCC ATG GCC TTC TCC CTT GCC GCC TGT 1247
Thr Tyr Asp Asp His Arg Met Ala Met Ala Pho Ser Leu Ala Ala Cys
400 405 410
GCC GAG GTC CCC CTC ACC ATC CGG GAC CCT CGG TCC ACC CCC AAC ACC 1290
Ala Glu Val Pro Val Thr Ile Arg Asp Pro Gly Cys Thr Arg Lys Thr
415 420 425 430
TTC CCC GAC TAC TTC GAT GTG CTG AGC ACT TTC GTC AAG AAT 1337
Phe Pro Asp Tyr Phe Asp Val Leu Ser Thr Phe Val Lys Asn
435 440
TAA 1340
(2)序列资料3：
(i)序列特征：
(A)长度：444氨基酸
(B)类型：氨基酸
(D)拓扑结构：线性
(ii)分子类型：蛋白质
(ix)序列描述：序列3：
Ala Gly Ala Glu Glu Ile Val Leu Gln Pro Ile Lys Glu Ile Ser Gly
1 5 10 15
Thr Val Lys Leu Pro Gly Ser Lys Ser Leu Ser Asn Arg Ile Leu Leu
20 25 20
Lcu Ala Ala Leu Ser Glu Gly Thr Thr Val Val Asp Asn Leu Leu Asn
35 40 45
Ser Glu Asp Val His Tyr Met Leu Gly Ala Leu Arg Thr Leu Gly Leu
50 55 60
Ser Val Glu Ala Asp Lys Ala Ala Lys Arg Ala Val Val Val Gly Cys
65 70 75 80
Gly Gly Lys Phe Pro Val Glu Asp Ala Lys Clu Clu Val Gln Leu Phe
85 90 95
Leu Gly Asn Ala Gly Thr Ala Met Arg Pro Leu Thr Ala Ala Val Thr
100 105 110
Ala Ala Gly Gly Asn Ala Thr Tyr Val Leu Asp Gly Val Pro Arg Met
115 120 125
Arg Glu Arg Pro Ile Gly Asp Leu Val Val Gly Leu Lys Gln Leu Gly
130 135 140
Ala Asp Val Asp Cys Phe Leu Cly Thr Asp Cys Pro Pro Val Arg Val
145 150 155 160
Asn Gly Ile Gly Gly Leu Pro Gly Gly Lys Val Lys Leu Ser Gly Ser
165 170 175
Ile Ser Ser Gln Tyr Leu Ser Ala Leu Leu Met Ala Ala Pro Leu Ala
180 185 190
Leu Gly Asp Val Glu Ile Glu Ile Ile Asp Lys Leu Ile Ser Ile Pro
195 200 205
Tyr Val Glu Met Thr Leu Arg Leu Met Glu Arg Phe Gly Val Lys Ala
210 215 220
Glu His Ser Asp Ser Trp Asp Arg Phe Tyr Ile Lys Gly Gly Gln Lys
225 230 235 240
Tyr Lys Ser Pro Lys Asn Ala Tyr Val Glu Gly Asp Ala Ser Ser Ala
245 250 255
Ser Tyr Phe Leu Ala Gly Ala Ala Ile Thr Gly Gly Thr Val Thr Val
260 265 270
Glu Gly Cys Gly Thr Thr Ser Leu Gln Gly Asp Val Lys Phe Ala Glu
275 280 285
Val Leu Glu Met Met Gly Ala Lys Val Thr Trp Thr Glu Thr Ser Val
290 295 300
Thr Val Thr Gly Pro Pro Arg Glu Pro Phe Gly Arg Lys His Leu Lys
305 310 315 320
Ala Ile Asp Val Asn Met Asn Lys Met Pro Asp Val Ala Met Thr Leu
335 330 335
Ala Val Val Ala Leu Phe Ala Asp Gly Pro Thr Ala Ile Arg Asp Val
340 345 350
Ala Ser Trp Arg Val Lys Glu Thr Glu Arg Met Val Ala Ile Arg Thr
355 360 365
Glu Leu Thr Lys Leu Gly Ala Ser Val Glu Glu Gly Pro Asp Tyr Cys
370 375 380
Ile Ile Thr Pro Pro Glu Lys Leu Asn Val Thr Ala Ile Asp Thr Tyr
385 390 395 400
Asp Asp His Arg Met Ala Met Ala Phe Ser Leu Ala Ala Cys Ala Glu
405 410 415
Val Pro Val Thr Ile Arg Asp Pro Gly Cys Thr Arg Lys Thr Phe Pro
420 425 430
Asp Tyr Phe Asp Val Leu Ser Thr Phe Val Lys Asn
435 440
(2)序列资料4：
(i)序列特征：
(A)长度：1340碱基对
(B)类型：核酸
(C)链型：双链
(D)拓扑结构：线性
(ii)分子类型：cDNA
(vi)原始来源：
(A)生物：zea mays
(B)品系：黑墨西哥甜玉米(Black Mexicon Sweet)
(vii)直接来源：
(B)克隆：pRPA-ML-720
(ix)特征：
(A)名字/关键词：CDS
(B)位置：6..1337
(xi)序列描述：序列4：
CCATG GCC GGC GCC CAG GAG ATC GTG CTG CAC CCC ATC AAG GAG ATC 47
Ala Gly Ala Glu Glu Ile Val Leu Gln Pro Ile Lys Glu Ile
1 5 10
TCC GGC ACC GTC AAG CTG CCG GGG TCC AAG TCG CTT TCC AAC CGG ATC 95
Ser Gly Thr Val Lys Leu Pro Gly Ser Lys Ser Leu Ser Asn Arg Ile
15 20 25 30
CTC CTA CTC GCC GCC CTG TCC GAG GGG ACA ACA GTG GTT GAT AAC CTG 143
Leu Leu Leu Ala Ala Leu Ser Glu Gly Thr Thr Val Val Asp Acn Lcu
35 40 45
CTG AAC AGT GAG GAT GTC CAC TAC ATG CTC GGG GCC TTG AGG ACT CTT 191
Leu Asn Ser Glu Asp Val His Tyr Met Leu Gly Ala Leu Arg Thr Leu
50 55 60
GGT CTC TCT GTC GAA GCG GAC AAA GCT GCC AAA AGA GCT GTA GTT GTT 239
Gly Leu Ser Val Glu Ala Asp Lys Ala Ala Lys Arg Ala Val Val Val
65 70 75
GGC TGT GGT GGA AAG TTC CCA GTT GAG GAT CCT AAA GAG GAA GTG CAG 257
Gly Cys Gly Gly Lys Phe Pro Val Glu Asp Ala Lys Glu Glu Val Gln
80 85 90
CTC TTC TTG GGG AAT GCT GGA ATC GCA ATG CGG TCC TTG ACA GCA GCT 335
Leu Phe Leu Gly Asn Ala Gly Ile Ala Met Arg Ser Leu Thr Ala Ala
95 100 105 110
GTT ACT GCT GCT GGT GGA AAT GCA ACT TAC GTG CTT GAT GGA GTA CCA 383
Val Thr Ala Ala Gly Gly Asn Ala Thr Tyr Val Lcu Asp Cly Val Pro
115 120 125
AGA ATG AGG GAG AGA CCC ATT GGC GAC TTG GTT GTC GGA TTG AAG CAC 431
Arg Met Arg Glu Arg Pro Ile Gly Asp Leu Val Val Gly Leu Lys Gln
130 135 140
CTT GGT GCA GAT GTT GAT TGT TTC CTT GGC ACT GAC TGC CCA CCT GTT 479
Leu Cly Ala Asp Val Asp Cys Phe Leu Gly Thr Asp Cys Pro Pro Val
145 150 155
CCT CTC AAT CCA ATC CGA GGG CTA CCT GGT GGC AAG GTC AAG CTG TCT 527
Arg Val Asn Gly Ile Gly Gly Leu Pro Gly Gly Lys Val Lys Leu Ser
160 165 170
GGC TCC ATC AGC AGT CAG TAC TTG AGT GCC TTG CTG ATG GCT GCT CCT 575
Gly Ser Ile Ser Ser Gln Tyr Leu Ser Ala Leu Leu Met Ala Ala Pro
175 180 185 190
TTG GCT CTT GGG GAT GTG GAG ATT GAA ATC ATT GAT AAA TTA ATC TCC 623
Leu Ala Leu Gly Asp Val Glu Ile Glu Ile Ile Asp Lys Leu Ile Ser
195 200 205
ATT CCG TAC GTC GAA ATG ACA TTG AGA TTG ATG GAG CGT TTT GGT GTC 671
Ile Pro Tyr Val Glu Met Thr Leu Arg Leu Met Glu Arg Phe Gly Val
210 215 220
AAA GCA GAG CAT TCT GAT AGC TGG GAC AGA TTC TAC ATT AAG GGA GGT 719
Lyo Ala Clu His Ser Asp Ser Trp Asp Arg Phe Tyr Ile Lys Gly Gly
225 230 235
CAA AAA TAC AAC TCC CCT AAA AAT GCC TAT GTT GAA GGT GAT GCC TCA 767
Gln Lys Tyr Lys Ser Pro Lys Asp Ala Tyr Val Glu Gly Asp Ala Ser
240 245 250
AGC GCA AGC TAT TTC TTG GCT GGT GCT GCA ATT ACT GGA GGG ACT GTG 815
Ser Ala Ser Tyr Phe Leu Ala Gly Als Ala Ile Thr Gly Gly Thr Val
255 260 265 270
ACT GTG GAA GGT TGT GGC ACC ACC AGT TTG CAG GGT GAT GTG AAG TTT 863
Thr Val Glu Gly Cys Gly Thr Thr Ser Leu Cln Cly Asp Val Lys Phe
275 280 285
GCT GAG GTA CTG GAG ATG ATG CCA CCG AAG GTT ACA TGG ACC CAC ACT 911
Ala Glu Val Leu Glu Met Met Gly Ala Lys Val Thr Trp Thr Glu Thr
290 295 300
AGC GTA ACT GTT ACT GGC CCA CCG CGG GAG CCA TTT GGG AGG AAA CAC 959
Ser Val Thr Val Thr Gly Pro Pro Arg Glu Pro Phe Gly Arg Lys His
305 310 315
CTC AAG GCG ATT GAT CTC AAC ATG AAC AAG ATG CCT GAT GTC GCC ATG 1007
Leu Lys Ala Ile Asp Val Asn Met Asn Lys Met Pro Asp Val Ala Met
320 325 330
ACT CTT CCT CTG GTT GCC CTC TTT GCC GAT CCC CCC ACA CCC ATC AGA 1055
Thr Leu Ala Val Val Ala Leu Phe Ala Asp Gly Pro Thr Ala Ile Arg
335 340 345 350
GAC GTG GCT TCC TGG AGA GTA AAG GAG ACC GAG AGG ATG GTT GCG ATC 1103
Asp Val Ala Ser Trp Arg Val Lys Glu Thr Glu Arg Met Val Ala Ile
355 360 365
CGG ACG GAG CTA ACC AAG CTG GGA GCA TCT GTT GAG GAA GGG CCG GAC 1151
Arg Thr Glu Leu Thr Lys Leu Gly Ala Ser Val Glu Glu Gly Pro Asp
370 375 380
TAC TGC ATC ATC ACG CCG CCG GAG AAG CTG AAC GTG ACG GCG ATC GAC 1199
Tyr Cys Ile Ile Thr Pro Pro Glu Lys Leu Asn Val Thr Ala Ile Asp
395 390 395
ACG TAC GAC GAC CAC AGG ATG GCG ATG GCC TTC TCC CTT GCC GCC TGT 1247
Thr Tyr Asp Asp Hic Arg Met Ala Met Ala Phe Ser Leu Ala Ala Cys
400 405 410
GCC GAG GTC CCC GTC ACC ATC CCC CAC CCT CCC TCC ACC CGG AAG ACC 1295
Ala Glu Val Pro Val Thr Ile Arg Asp Pro Gly Cys Thr Arg Lys Thr
415 420 425 430
TTC CCC GAC TAC TTC GAT GTG CTG AGC ACT TTC GTC AAG AAT 1337
Phe Pro Asp Tyr Phe Asp Val Leu Ser Thr Phe Val Lys Asn
435 440
TAA 1340
(2)序列资料5：
(i)序列特征：
(A)长度：444氨基酸
(B)类型：氨基酸
(D)拓引结构：线性
(ii)分子类型：蛋白质
(ix)序列描述：序列5：
Ala Gly Ala Glu Glu Ile Val Leu Gln Pro Ile Lys Glu Ile Ser Gly
1 5 10 15
Thr Val Lys Leu Pro Gly Ser Lys Ser Leu Ser Asn Arg Ile Leu Leu
20 35 30
Leu Ala Ala Leu Ser Glu Gly Thr Thr Val Val Asp Asn Leu Leu Asn
35 40 45
Scr Glu Asp Val His Tyr Met Leu Gly Ala Leu Arg Thr Leu Gly Leu
50 55 60
Ser Val Clu Ala Asp Lys Ala Ala Lys Arg Ala Val Val Val Gly Cys
65 70 75 80
Gly Gly Lys Phe Pro Val Glu Asp Ala Lys Glu Glu Val Gln Leu Phe
85 90 95
Leu Gly Asn Ala Cly Ile Ala Met Arg Ser Leu Thr Ala Ala Val Thr
100 105 110
Ala Ala Gly Gly Asn Ala Thr Tyr Val Leu Asp Gly Val Pro Arg Met
115 120 125
Arg Glu Arg Pro Ilc Cly Asp Leu Val Val Gly Leu Lys Gln Leu Gly
130 135 140
Ala Asp Val Asp Cys Phe Lcu Gly Thr Asp Cys Pro Pro Val Arg Val
145 150 155 160
Acn Gly Ile Gly Gly Leu Pro Cly Cly Lys Val Lys Leu Ser Gly Ser
165 170 175
Ile Ser Ser Gln Tyr Leu Ser Ala Leu Lcu Met Ala Ala Pro Leu Ala
180 185 190
Leu Gly Asp Val Glu Ile Glu Ile Ile Asp Lys Leu Ile Ser Ile Pro
195 200 205
Tyr Val Glu Met Thr Leu Arg Leu Met Glu Arg Phe Cly Val Lys Ala
210 215 220
Glu His Ser Asp Ser Trp Asp Arg Phe Tyr Ile Lys Gly Gly Cln Lys
225 230 235 240
Tyr Lys Ser Pro Lys Asn Ala Tyr Val Glu Cly Asp Ala Scr Scr Ala
245 250 255
Ser Tyr Phe Leu Ala Gly Ala Ala Ile Thr Gly Cly Thr Val Thr Val
260 265 270
Glu Gly Cys Gly Thr Thr Ser Leu Gln Gly Asp Val Lye Phe Ala Glu
275 280 285
Val Leu Glu Met Met Gly Ala Lys Val Thr Trp Thr Glu Thr Ser Val
290 295 300
Thr Val Thr Gly Pro Pro Arg Glu Pro Phe Gly Arg Lys His Leu Lye
305 310 315 320
Ala Ile Asp Val Asn Met Asn Lys Met Pro Asp Val Ala Met Thr Leu
325 330 335
Ala Val Val Ala Leu Phe Ala Asp Gly Pro Thr Ala Ile Arg Asp Val
340 345 350
Ala Ser Trp Arg Val Lys Glu Thr Glu Arg Met Val Ala Ile Arg Thr
355 360 365
Glu Leu Thr Lys Leu Gly Ala Ser Val Glu Glu Gly Pro Asp Tyr Cys
370 375 380
Ile Ile Thr Pro Pro Glu Lys Leu Asn Val Thr Ala Ile Asp Thr Tyr
385 390 395 400
Asp Asp His Arg Met Ala Met Ala Phe Ser Leu Ala Ala Cys Ala Glu
405 410 415
Val Pro Val Thr Ile Arg Asp Pro Gly Cys Thr Arg Lys Thr Phe Pro
420 425 430
Asp Tyr Phe Asp Val Leu Ser Thr Phe Val Lys Asn
435 440
Claims (12)
1.编码突变的5-烯醇丙酮酰莽草酸-3-磷酸合酶的DNA基因，特征是，该DNA基因至少包括，相对于玉米5-烯醇丙酮酰莽草酸-3-磷酸合酶的氨基酸序列而言，一个异亮氨酸对102位苏氨酸的置换和一个丝氨酸对106位脯氨酸的置换。
2.根据权利要求1所述的DNA基因，特征是它是玉米来源。
3.突变的5-烯醇丙酮酰莽草酸-3-磷酸合酶蛋白，特征是它由权利要求1所述的DNA基因编码获得。
4.在5’和3’位置含有一个编码序列和调节元件的、异源的并能在植物中起作用的嵌合基因，特征是它至少包括权利要求1的序列作为编码序列。
5.根据权利要求4所述的嵌合基因，特征是它含有一个植物病毒启动子。
6.根据权利要求4所述的嵌合基因，特征是它含有一个植物启动子。
7.根据权利要求6所述的嵌合基因，特征是所述植物启动子选自α-微管蛋白、组蛋白、内含子和肌动蛋白的启动子。
8.用于转化植物的载体，特征是它至少含有根据权利要求4所述的嵌合基因。
9.植物细胞，特征是它至少含有根据权利要求4所述的嵌合基因。
10.对以5-烯醇丙酮酰莽草酸-3-磷酸合酶为靶的除草剂具有改进耐受性的植株产生的方法，特征是用根据权利要求1所述基因转化植物细胞或原生质体，并且转化的细胞用于再生。
11.用以5-烯醇丙酮酰莽草酸-3-磷酸合酶为靶的除草剂处理植株的方法，特征是将除草剂施加于根据权利要求9所述的植物细胞再生获得的植株。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法，特征是使用草甘膦或一种草甘膦前体。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR95/08979 | 1995-07-19 | ||
| FR9508979A FR2736926B1 (fr) | 1995-07-19 | 1995-07-19 | 5-enol pyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase mutee, gene codant pour cette proteine et plantes transformees contenant ce gene |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1196088A CN1196088A (zh) | 1998-10-14 |
| CN1154734C true CN1154734C (zh) | 2004-06-23 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CNB961968893A Expired - Lifetime CN1154734C (zh) | 1995-07-19 | 1996-07-18 | 突变的5-烯醇丙酮酰莽草酸-3-磷酸合酶以及编码此蛋白的基因 |
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| US11950562B2 (en) | 2021-11-01 | 2024-04-09 | M.S. Technologies, L.L.C. | Soybean cultivar 04230926 |
| US11980154B2 (en) | 2021-11-01 | 2024-05-14 | M.S. Technologies, L.L.C. | Soybean cultivar 01139005 |
| US11895979B2 (en) | 2021-11-01 | 2024-02-13 | M.S. Technologies, L.L.C. | Soybean cultivar 04420512 |
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| US11980156B2 (en) | 2021-11-19 | 2024-05-14 | M.S. Technologies, L.L.C. | Soybean cultivar 88173583 |
| US11980155B2 (en) | 2021-11-19 | 2024-05-14 | M.S. Technologies, L.L.C. | Soybean cultivar 89033583 |
| US11991977B2 (en) | 2021-11-19 | 2024-05-28 | M.S. Technologies, L.L.C. | Soybean cultivar 80101544 |
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| US12137657B2 (en) | 2022-09-07 | 2024-11-12 | M.S. Technologies, L.L.C. | Soybean cultivar 19140644 |
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| US12193391B2 (en) | 2022-09-07 | 2025-01-14 | M.S. Technologies, L.L.C. | Soybean cultivar 10540814 |
| US12144305B2 (en) | 2022-09-07 | 2024-11-19 | M.S. Technologies, L.L.C. | Soybean cultivar 10330814 |
| US12193388B2 (en) | 2022-09-07 | 2025-01-14 | M.S. Technologies, L.L.C. | Soybean cultivar 11220464 |
| US12178180B2 (en) | 2022-09-07 | 2024-12-31 | M.S. Technologies, L.L.C. | Soybean cultivar 13340016 |
| US12137659B2 (en) | 2022-09-07 | 2024-11-12 | M.S. Technologies, L.L.C. | Soybean cultivar 13430644 |
| US12213430B2 (en) | 2022-09-07 | 2025-02-04 | M.S. Technologies, L.L.C. | Soybean cultivar 13150624 |
| US12137658B2 (en) | 2022-09-07 | 2024-11-12 | M.S. Technologies, L.L.C. | Soybean cultivar 16450023 |
| US12178184B2 (en) | 2022-09-09 | 2024-12-31 | M.S. Technologies, L.L.C. | Soybean cultivar 16010527 |
| US12213432B2 (en) | 2022-09-09 | 2025-02-04 | M.S. Technologies, L.L.C. | Soybean cultivar 14410218 |
| US12213433B2 (en) | 2022-09-09 | 2025-02-04 | M.S. Technologies, L.L.C. | Soybean cultivar 15450218 |
| US12193393B2 (en) | 2022-09-09 | 2025-01-14 | M.S. Technologies, L.L.C. | Soybean cultivar 14350716 |
| US12193394B2 (en) | 2022-09-09 | 2025-01-14 | M.S. Technologies, L.L.C. | Soybean cultivar 15420527 |
| US12178183B2 (en) | 2022-09-09 | 2024-12-31 | M.S. Technologies, L.L.C. | Soybean cultivar 13110466 |
| US12193392B2 (en) | 2022-09-09 | 2025-01-14 | M.S. Technologies, L.L.C. | Soybean cultivar 10240405 |
| US12137660B2 (en) | 2022-09-09 | 2024-11-12 | M.S. Technologies, L.L.C. | Soybean cultivar 10350931 |
| US12213434B2 (en) | 2022-09-09 | 2025-02-04 | M.S. Technologies, L.L.C. | Soybean cultivar 10210607 |
| US12178182B2 (en) | 2022-09-09 | 2024-12-31 | M.S. Technologies, L.L.C. | Soybean cultivar 15230108 |
| US12207610B2 (en) | 2022-09-09 | 2025-01-28 | M.S. Technologies, L.L.C. | Soybean cultivar 16420501 |
| US12213431B2 (en) | 2022-09-09 | 2025-02-04 | M. S. Technologies, L.L.C. | Soybean cultivar 16120716 |
| US12178181B2 (en) | 2022-09-09 | 2024-12-31 | M.S. Technologies, L.L.C. | Soybean cultivar 15350404 |
| US12193397B2 (en) | 2022-09-13 | 2025-01-14 | M.S. Technologies, L.L.C. | Soybean cultivar 16330304 |
| US12193398B2 (en) | 2022-09-13 | 2025-01-14 | M.S. Technologies, L.L.C. | Soybean cultivar 18330107 |
| US12219914B2 (en) | 2022-09-13 | 2025-02-11 | M.S. Technologies, L.L.C. | Soybean cultivar 10260107 |
| US12193399B2 (en) | 2022-09-13 | 2025-01-14 | M.S. Technologies, L.L.C. | Soybean cultivar 12140019 |
| US12207611B2 (en) | 2022-09-13 | 2025-01-28 | M.S. Technologies, L.L.C. | Soybean cultivar 18010836 |
| US12193395B2 (en) | 2022-09-13 | 2025-01-14 | M.S. Technologies, L.L.C. | Soybean cultivar 17330313 |
| US12193396B2 (en) | 2022-09-13 | 2025-01-14 | M.S. Technologies, L.L.C. | Soybean cultivar 19430836 |
| US12193400B2 (en) | 2022-09-13 | 2025-01-14 | M.S. Technologies, L.L.C. | Soybean cultivar 11201724 |
| US12213435B2 (en) | 2022-09-13 | 2025-02-04 | M. S. Technologies, L.L.C. | Soybean cultivar 10220323 |
| US12219913B2 (en) | 2022-09-13 | 2025-02-11 | M.S. Technologies, L.L.C. | Soybean cultivar 15190907 |
| US12219912B2 (en) | 2022-09-13 | 2025-02-11 | M.S. Technologies, L.L.C. | Soybean cultivar 12020836 |
| US12213436B2 (en) | 2022-09-13 | 2025-02-04 | M.S. Technologies, L.L.C. | Soybean cultivar 12301724 |
| US12213438B2 (en) | 2022-09-16 | 2025-02-04 | M.S. Technologies, L.L.C. | Soybean cultivar 11220929 |
| US12193401B2 (en) | 2022-09-16 | 2025-01-14 | M.S. Technologies, L.L.C. | Soybean cultivar 18310201 |
| US12193402B2 (en) | 2022-09-16 | 2025-01-14 | M.S. Technologies, L.L.C. | Soybean cultivar 10140717 |
| US12213437B2 (en) | 2022-09-16 | 2025-02-04 | M.S. Technologies, L.L.C. | Soybean cultivar 11120314 |
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- 1995-07-19 FR FR9508979A patent/FR2736926B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
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1996
- 1996-07-18 RO RO98-00084A patent/RO120849B1/ro unknown
- 1996-07-18 EP EP01130564A patent/EP1217073B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-07-18 ES ES01130564T patent/ES2255534T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-07-18 DK DK96925812T patent/DK0837944T3/da active
- 1996-07-18 MX MX9800562A patent/MX9800562A/es active IP Right Grant
- 1996-07-18 KR KR1019980700388A patent/KR19990029084A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-07-18 DE DE69635995T patent/DE69635995T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-07-18 DK DK01130564T patent/DK1217073T3/da active
- 1996-07-18 AU AU66191/96A patent/AU6619196A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-07-18 US US08/945,144 patent/US6566587B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-07-18 EP EP96925812A patent/EP0837944B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-07-18 PT PT01130564T patent/PT1217073E/pt unknown
- 1996-07-18 HU HU0700738A patent/HU226302B1/hu unknown
- 1996-07-18 UA UAA200600678A patent/UA80895C2/uk unknown
- 1996-07-18 NZ NZ313667A patent/NZ313667A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-07-18 DE DE69635913T patent/DE69635913T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-07-18 PL PL96324572A patent/PL189453B1/pl unknown
- 1996-07-18 SK SK64-98A patent/SK285144B6/sk not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-07-18 WO PCT/FR1996/001125 patent/WO1997004103A2/fr active IP Right Grant
- 1996-07-18 UA UA98020770A patent/UA75315C2/uk unknown
- 1996-07-18 BR BR9609792A patent/BR9609792A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-07-18 SI SI9630733T patent/SI1217073T1/sl unknown
- 1996-07-18 AP APAP/P/1998/001195A patent/AP886A/en active
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1998
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2010
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