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CN115369320B - 一种海洋装备用高性能低密度薄板及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种海洋装备用高性能低密度薄板及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN115369320B
CN115369320B CN202210957568.7A CN202210957568A CN115369320B CN 115369320 B CN115369320 B CN 115369320B CN 202210957568 A CN202210957568 A CN 202210957568A CN 115369320 B CN115369320 B CN 115369320B
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王学敏
尚学良
王学林
尚成嘉
刘文乐
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Yangjiang Alloy Material Laboratory
University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
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    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
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    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/002—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0205—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips of ferrous alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
    • C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
    • C21D8/0236—Cold rolling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
    • C21D8/0273—Final recrystallisation annealing
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    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
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    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/28—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种海洋装备用高性能低密度薄板的制备的方法，属于金属合金领域，其成分和重量百分比为C：0.16～0.32％、Mn：0.5～1.5％、Al+Cr：2.6～5.5％、Ti：0.001～0.025％、Si：0.1～0.8％，其余为Fe及不可避免的杂质。本发明通过轧制工艺以及再结晶退火细化晶粒形成具有良好强度和塑性的耐蚀低密度薄板，利用再结晶回火可使晶粒细化至几微米，回火的温度区间为600℃‑780℃。制得的薄板屈服强度大于355Mpa、断后伸长率大于40％，轧板晶粒尺寸可达到1‑20μm。该薄板耐蚀性能好，可用于沿海港口集装箱箱体板材。

Description

一种海洋装备用高性能低密度薄板及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于金属合金领域，涉及一种低密度板材的制备方法，通过本发明设计的成分、轧制工艺和回火工艺，可以制备一种低密度高性能薄板。
背景技术
近年来，随着经济和社会的发展，环境污染温度日益凸显，节能减排、绿色环保，发展海洋经济成为了当今社会发展的主旋律。钢铁材料作为国民经济发展的支柱，在人类进步和社会发展的进程中起着举足轻重的作用。为适应这种趋势发展绿色经济、节能减排，普遍采用提高钢材性能和降低材料密度来实现轻量化，减少CO2的排放。全球海洋资源丰富且储量巨大，开发和使用海洋资源对人类社会可持续发展有着重要意义。随着对海洋资源的开发和利用，海洋装备用钢的需求不断增加。但海洋环境潮湿且Cl-含量较高，开发低密度高性能耐蚀的海洋工程用钢是现如今钢铁行业的研发重点。Al作为一种低密度元素加入到钢铁材料中可以有效降低钢的密度，且Al元素的加入还能提高钢的耐蚀性能。元素Al和Cr的复合加入不仅可以降低钢铁材料密度还可以有效的提高金属材料在高Cl-含量环境中的使用寿命。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种海洋装备用高性能低密度薄板的制备方法，通过通过合金成分设计、轧制工艺以及再结晶退火细化晶粒形成具有良好强度和塑性的耐蚀低密度薄板，利用再结晶回火使晶粒细化至几微米，从而得到一种高性能耐蚀低密度薄板。
本发明海洋装备用高性能低密度薄板的化学成分按重量百分比计为：C：0.16～0.32％、Mn：0.5～1.5％、Al+Cr：2.6～5.5％、Ti：0.001～0.025％、Si：0.1～0.8％，其余为Fe及不可避免的杂质。
最佳轧板的化学成分为：C：0.22％、Mn：1.5％、Al+Cr：3.5％、Ti：0.015％、Si：0.38％，其余为Fe及不可避免的杂质。
本发明海洋装备用高性能低密度薄板的制备方法是热轧终轧温度高于800℃，热轧后轧板厚为3-5mm，接着进行冷轧，冷轧后板厚为1.6-2.2mm，再将冷轧板进行低温回火，加热至550～780℃保温20～150min，水冷，得到高性能低密度薄板。
本发明的特点和优点：通过成分设计以及再结晶退火形成具有良好强度和塑性的耐蚀低密度薄板。优异的力学性能主要是由于晶粒细化引起的，通过完全再结晶后可使晶粒细化至1-20μm。控制回火温度在600-780℃(Ac1)，最佳回火温度为700℃，可有效地细化了晶粒，提高了薄板性能。合金元素Al和Cr可在金属表面生成致密的氧化膜，提高轧板在潮湿、高Cl-含量环境中的耐蚀性。制得的薄板屈服强度大于355Mpa、断后伸长率大于40％，所述轧板晶粒尺寸可达到1-20μm。利用DahoMeter多功能密度测试仪测得所设计的实验钢密度在7.56～7.62g/cm3。
附图说明：
图1为薄板轧制工艺；
图2为薄板不同状态下的应力应变曲线；
图3为薄板在700℃下回火60min后的微观组织照片。
具体实施方式：
按照本发明的化学成分设计将各种成分加入到真空熔炼炉中熔化，待溶液温度到达1550-1600℃时出炉浇注，待冷却至室温时对其化学成分进行分析，化学成分结果如表1所示。
表1本发明试验钢成分(wt.％)
将铸锭加热至1250℃保温120min后锻为120mm厚的钢坯，空冷至室温。将120mm钢坯加热至1200℃保温180min。采用两阶段多道次控制轧制，热轧至4mm,热轧第一阶段开轧温度1200℃，终轧温度大于1100℃；第二阶段开轧温度950℃，终轧温度高于800℃。热轧结束后在800℃保温60min,水冷至室温进行冷轧，后进行冷轧，冷轧至2mm。轧制工艺如图1所示。
对冷轧后的薄板进行600℃、650℃、700℃、750℃回火，回火后性能见表2。
表2试样钢不同状态下的力学性能
表3本发明实施例的耐点蚀性能，腐蚀速率g/m2h(试验标准GB/T 17897-2016)
由图2可知，冷轧薄板经不同温度回火后的屈服强度都在355MPa以上，且在部分温度下出现了屈服平台，说明冷轧薄板在回火后韧性以及深冲压性能有一定程度的改善。由图3可知，冷轧薄板在700℃回火后实验钢可以发生完全再结晶，组织为单相的铁素体晶粒，晶粒尺寸在1-20μm。
以上仅为本申请的实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请。对于本领域技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原理之内所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的权利要求范围之内。

Claims (3)

1.一种海洋装备用高性能低密度薄板的制备方法，其特征在于，热轧采用两阶段多道次控制轧制，热轧第一阶段开轧温度1200℃，终轧温度大于1100℃，第二阶段开轧温度950℃，热轧终轧温度高于800℃，热轧后的轧板厚3-5mm，热轧结束后在800℃保温60min，水冷至室温进行冷轧，冷轧后板厚1.6-2.2mm，再将冷轧板进行低温回火，加热至600~780℃保温20~150min，水冷，得到高性能低密度薄板；薄板化学成分按重量百分比计为C：0.16~0.32%、Mn：0.5~1.5%、Al+Cr：2.6~5.5%、Ti：0.001~0.025%、Si：0.1~0.8%，其余为Fe及不可避免的杂质。
2.根据权利要求1所述的海洋装备用高性能低密度薄板的制备方法，其特征在于，薄板的化学成分按重量百分比计为：C：0.22%、Mn：1.5%、Al+Cr：3.5%、Ti：0.015%、Si：0.38%，其余为Fe及不可避免的杂质。
3.根据权利要求1所述的海洋装备用高性能低密度薄板的制备方法，其特征在于，所述高性能低密度薄板的屈服强度大于355MPa、断后伸长率大于40%，晶粒尺寸为1-20μm。
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