CN115360800B - A battery equalization circuit suitable for electric power products - Google Patents
A battery equalization circuit suitable for electric power products Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0019—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
- H02J7/00714—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery charging or discharging current
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及电池均衡技术领域，尤其涉及一种适用于电力产品的电池均衡电路。The invention relates to the technical field of battery balancing, in particular to a battery balancing circuit suitable for electric power products.
背景技术Background technique
不断电供电产品现在已被广泛应用在电力电网系统中，其中的中小型产品大多使用低压小容量电池作为备用电源，在供电电源故障时仍然能保持一定时间内正常工作并进行远程通讯。为满足装置的电压、功率、容量要求，电池单体通常需要串联、并联成组后使用。Uninterruptible power supply products are now widely used in the power grid system. Most of the small and medium-sized products use low-voltage small-capacity batteries as backup power. When the power supply fails, they can still work normally for a certain period of time and carry out remote communication. In order to meet the voltage, power, and capacity requirements of the device, the battery cells usually need to be used in series or in parallel to form a group.
在并联电路中，总电压等于各分路电压，也就是说并联电池组每个电池上的充电电压与总充电电压相等。由于各单体电池直流内阻、自放电率等参数的不同，导致充电时每个单体电池的充电电流不同，这就有可能造成充电电流小的电池经常处于充电不足的状态，久而久之，电池长期亏电引起化学反应导致其内阻进一步增加，内阻越大，充电电流就越小，进入恶性循环，大大缩短电池寿命，影响产品稳定性。In a parallel circuit, the total voltage is equal to the voltage of each shunt, that is to say, the charging voltage on each battery of the parallel battery pack is equal to the total charging voltage. Due to the different parameters such as the DC internal resistance and self-discharge rate of each single battery, the charging current of each single battery is different during charging, which may cause the battery with a small charging current to often be in an undercharged state. The chemical reaction caused by long-term power loss leads to a further increase in its internal resistance. The greater the internal resistance, the smaller the charging current, entering a vicious cycle, which greatly shortens the battery life and affects product stability.
针对上述问题，电池管理系统应运而生，但其成本较高，大多应用在UPS、大型通讯设备、电池储能系统中，对于中小型产品，还是缺少有效的电池平衡方法。To solve the above problems, a battery management system has emerged, but its cost is high, and it is mostly used in UPS, large-scale communication equipment, and battery energy storage systems. For small and medium-sized products, there is still a lack of effective battery balancing methods.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明针对现有技术存在的不足和缺陷，提供了一种低成本的电池均衡电路，实现了中小型产品的电池平衡，提高了并联电池组的寿命。Aiming at the deficiencies and defects of the prior art, the invention provides a low-cost battery balancing circuit, realizes the battery balancing of small and medium-sized products, and improves the service life of parallel battery packs.
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案来实现：The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
一种适用于电力产品的电池均衡电路，适用于并联电池组，包括与并联电池组中电池数相同的并联模块、差分放大电路、滤波电路、均衡母线；A battery equalization circuit suitable for electric power products, suitable for parallel battery packs, including parallel modules with the same number of batteries as in the parallel battery packs, a differential amplifier circuit, a filter circuit, and a balanced bus;
并联模块包括补偿电阻、第一限流电阻、采样电阻、开关、第一运算放大器、二极管；The parallel module includes a compensation resistor, a first current limiting resistor, a sampling resistor, a switch, a first operational amplifier, and a diode;
差分放大电路包括第一电阻、第二电阻、第三电阻、第四电阻、第二运算放大器；The differential amplifier circuit includes a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, a fourth resistor, and a second operational amplifier;
滤波电路包括第二限流电阻与滤波电容；The filter circuit includes a second current limiting resistor and a filter capacitor;
其连接关系为：供电端连接补偿电阻的一端与第一限流电阻的一端，补偿电阻的另一端连接开关的一端，第一运算放大器的正输入端连接开关的另一端、第一限流电阻的另一端与采样电阻的一端，采样电阻的另一端连接并联电池组中的单个电池的正极，第一运算放大器的输出端连接二极管正极，第一运算放大器的负输入端连接二极管负极与第三电阻的一端，第三电阻的另一端连接第二运算放大器的负输入端与第四电阻的一端，第一电阻的一端接地，另一端连接第二运算放大器的正输入端与第二电阻的一端，第二电阻的另一端连接第二运算放大器的输出端与第二限流电阻的一端，第二限流电阻的另一端连接控制芯片与滤波电容的一端，滤波电容的另一端连接第四电阻的另一端并接地；The connection relationship is: the power supply terminal is connected to one end of the compensation resistor and one end of the first current limiting resistor, the other end of the compensation resistor is connected to one end of the switch, the positive input terminal of the first operational amplifier is connected to the other end of the switch, the first current limiting resistor The other end of the sampling resistor and one end of the sampling resistor, the other end of the sampling resistor is connected to the positive pole of a single battery in the parallel battery pack, the output terminal of the first operational amplifier is connected to the positive pole of the diode, and the negative input terminal of the first operational amplifier is connected to the negative pole of the diode and the third One end of the resistor, the other end of the third resistor is connected to the negative input end of the second operational amplifier and one end of the fourth resistor, one end of the first resistor is grounded, and the other end is connected to the positive input end of the second operational amplifier and one end of the second resistor , the other end of the second resistor is connected to the output end of the second operational amplifier and one end of the second current limiting resistor, the other end of the second current limiting resistor is connected to the control chip and one end of the filter capacitor, and the other end of the filter capacitor is connected to the fourth resistor the other end and ground;
相邻并联模块的二极管负极通过均衡母线连接。The diode cathodes of adjacent paralleled modules are connected through the equalization bus.
进一步地，所述并联模块可替换为如下形式：Further, the parallel module can be replaced by the following form:
并联模块包括第一限流电阻、第三限流电阻、采样电阻、补偿电阻、开关、电压互感器、二极管；The parallel module includes a first current limiting resistor, a third current limiting resistor, a sampling resistor, a compensation resistor, a switch, a voltage transformer, and a diode;
其连接关系为：供电端连接电压互感器的一次侧的一端，电压互感器的一次侧的另一端连接补偿电阻的一端、第一限流电阻的一端、采样电阻的一端与并联电池组中的单个电池的正极，补偿电阻另一端连接开关的一端，开关另一端连接采样电阻另一端、第一限流电阻另一端与供电端，第三限流电阻并联在电压互感器的二次侧，第三限流电阻一端连接二极管的正极，另一端接地，二极管负极连接第三电阻。The connection relationship is as follows: the power supply end is connected to one end of the primary side of the voltage transformer, and the other end of the primary side of the voltage transformer is connected to one end of the compensation resistor, one end of the first current limiting resistor, one end of the sampling resistor and the parallel battery pack. The positive pole of a single battery, the other end of the compensation resistor is connected to one end of the switch, the other end of the switch is connected to the other end of the sampling resistor, the other end of the first current limiting resistor and the power supply end, and the third current limiting resistor is connected in parallel to the secondary side of the voltage transformer. One end of the three current limiting resistors is connected to the anode of the diode, the other end is grounded, and the cathode of the diode is connected to the third resistor.
进一步地，除连接第二限流电阻与滤波电容外，控制芯片还连接第一运算放大器的正输入端与开关；Further, in addition to connecting the second current limiting resistor and the filter capacitor, the control chip is also connected to the positive input terminal of the first operational amplifier and the switch;
进一步地，所述差分放大电路增益大于1:1，即第一电阻与第二电阻的比值大于1且第三电阻与第四电阻的比值大于1。Further, the gain of the differential amplifier circuit is greater than 1:1, that is, the ratio of the first resistance to the second resistance is greater than 1 and the ratio of the third resistance to the fourth resistance is greater than 1.
本发明的有益技术效果：以低成本实现了电池均衡电路，实现了中小型产品的电池平衡，根据采样到的各电池充放电电流，用控制芯片控制各开关开合，将充电的补偿电阻并联到电路中，达到平衡充电电流的目的，提高了并联电池组的寿命；电路结构较简单，所需元器件较少，成本较低，适用于中小型不断电供电产品。Beneficial technical effects of the present invention: the battery balancing circuit is realized at low cost, and the battery balancing of small and medium-sized products is realized. According to the charging and discharging current of each battery sampled, the control chip is used to control the opening and closing of each switch, and the charging compensation resistors are connected in parallel. Into the circuit, the purpose of balancing the charging current is achieved, and the life of the parallel battery pack is improved; the circuit structure is relatively simple, the required components are less, and the cost is low, which is suitable for small and medium-sized uninterruptible power supply products.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明实施例中的总体电路图。Fig. 1 is an overall circuit diagram in an embodiment of the present invention.
图2为本发明实施例中基于电压互感器的并联模块电路图。Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of a parallel module based on a voltage transformer in an embodiment of the present invention.
图3为本发明实施例中基于霍尔传感器的并联模块电路图。Fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of a parallel module based on a Hall sensor in an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明，并不限定本发明。In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, not to limit the present invention.
实施例：Example:
如图1所示，一种适用于电力产品的电池均衡电路，适用于并联电池组，并联电池组由2个电池组成，则电路包括2个并联模块、差分放大电路、滤波电路、均衡母线。As shown in Figure 1, a battery equalization circuit suitable for power products is suitable for parallel battery packs. The parallel battery pack consists of two batteries, and the circuit includes two parallel modules, a differential amplifier circuit, a filter circuit, and a balanced bus.
并联模块1包括补偿电阻Rz1、第一限流电阻R1、采样电阻RCS1、开关S1、第一运算放大器CS1、二极管D1。The parallel module 1 includes a compensation resistor Rz1, a first current limiting resistor R1, a sampling resistor RCS1, a switch S1, a first operational amplifier CS1, and a diode D1.
并联模块2包括补偿电阻Rz2、第一限流电阻R2、采样电阻RCS2、开关S2、第一运算放大器CS2、二极管D2。The parallel module 2 includes a compensation resistor Rz2, a first current limiting resistor R2, a sampling resistor RCS2, a switch S2, a first operational amplifier CS2, and a diode D2.
差分放大电路包括第一电阻Rm1、第二电阻Rm2、第三电阻Rm3、第四电阻Rm4、第二运算放大器BUS_CS。The differential amplifier circuit includes a first resistor Rm1, a second resistor Rm2, a third resistor Rm3, a fourth resistor Rm4, and a second operational amplifier BUS_CS.
滤波电路包括第二限流电阻Rc1与滤波电容C1。The filter circuit includes a second current limiting resistor Rc1 and a filter capacitor C1.
供电端连接补偿电阻Rz1的一端与第一限流电阻R1的一端，补偿电阻Rz1的另一端连接开关S1的一端，第一运算放大器CS1的正输入端连接开关S1的另一端、第一限流电阻R1的另一端与采样电阻RCS1的一端，采样电阻RCS1的另一端连接并联电池组中的单个电池B1的正极（Ro1为电池内阻），第一运算放大器CS1的输出端连接二极管D1正极，第一运算放大器CS1的负输入端连接二极管D1负极与第三电阻Rm3的一端，第三电阻Rm3的另一端连接第二运算放大器BUS_CS的负输入端与第四电阻Rm4的一端，第一电阻Rm1的一端接地，另一端连接第二运算放大器BUS_CS的正输入端与第二电阻Rm2的一端，第二电阻Rm2的另一端连接第二运算放大器BUS_CS的输出端与第二限流电阻Rc1的一端，第二限流电阻Rc1的另一端连接控制芯片与滤波电容C1的一端，滤波电容C1的另一端连接第四电阻Rm4的另一端并接地。The power supply end is connected to one end of the compensation resistor Rz1 and one end of the first current limiting resistor R1, the other end of the compensation resistor Rz1 is connected to one end of the switch S1, the positive input end of the first operational amplifier CS1 is connected to the other end of the switch S1, and the first current limiting The other end of the resistor R1 is connected to one end of the sampling resistor RCS1, the other end of the sampling resistor RCS1 is connected to the anode of a single battery B1 in the parallel battery pack (Ro1 is the internal resistance of the battery), the output end of the first operational amplifier CS1 is connected to the anode of the diode D1, The negative input terminal of the first operational amplifier CS1 is connected to the negative pole of the diode D1 and one end of the third resistor Rm3, and the other end of the third resistor Rm3 is connected to the negative input terminal of the second operational amplifier BUS_CS and one end of the fourth resistor Rm4, and the first resistor Rm1 One end of the second operational amplifier BUS_CS is connected to the ground, and the other end is connected to the positive input end of the second operational amplifier BUS_CS and one end of the second resistor Rm2, and the other end of the second resistor Rm2 is connected to the output end of the second operational amplifier BUS_CS and one end of the second current limiting resistor Rc1, The other end of the second current limiting resistor Rc1 is connected to the control chip and one end of the filter capacitor C1, and the other end of the filter capacitor C1 is connected to the other end of the fourth resistor Rm4 and grounded.
供电端连接补偿电阻Rz2的一端与第一限流电阻R2的一端，补偿电阻Rz2的另一端连接开关S2的一端，第一运算放大器CS2的正输入端连接开关S2的另一端、第一限流电阻R2的另一端与采样电阻RCS2的一端，采样电阻RCS2的另一端连接并联电池组中的单个电池B2的正极（Ro2为电池内阻），第一运算放大器CS2的输出端连接二极管D2正极，第一运算放大器CS2的负输入端连接二极管D2负极与第三电阻Rm3的一端。The power supply end is connected to one end of the compensation resistor Rz2 and one end of the first current limiting resistor R2, the other end of the compensation resistor Rz2 is connected to one end of the switch S2, the positive input end of the first operational amplifier CS2 is connected to the other end of the switch S2, the first current limiting The other end of the resistor R2 is connected to one end of the sampling resistor RCS2, the other end of the sampling resistor RCS2 is connected to the anode of a single battery B2 in the parallel battery pack (Ro2 is the internal resistance of the battery), the output end of the first operational amplifier CS2 is connected to the anode of the diode D2, The negative input end of the first operational amplifier CS2 is connected to the negative electrode of the diode D2 and one end of the third resistor Rm3.
除连接第二限流电阻Rc1与滤波电容C1外，控制芯片还连接第一运算放大器CS1与CS2的正输入端与开关S1、S2。In addition to connecting the second current limiting resistor Rc1 and the filter capacitor C1, the control chip is also connected to the positive input terminals of the first operational amplifiers CS1 and CS2 and the switches S1 and S2.
二极管D1、D2的负极通过均衡母线连接。D1、D2用于选择各并联模块电池电压的最大值并以此作为均衡母线电压VBUS。当电池电压小于VBUS时，二极管反向截止。The cathodes of diodes D1 and D2 are connected through an equalizing bus. D1 and D2 are used to select the maximum value of the battery voltage of each parallel module and use it as the balanced bus voltage VBUS. When the battery voltage is less than VBUS, the diode reverses and cuts off.
针对实施例中的并联模块1、2，通过并联模块1、2中的采样电阻RCS1、RCS2将采集到的电流信息I1、I2转化为电压信息V1、V2。选择最大的电池电压值V1作为母线电压VBUS。采样电池电压信息以后，通过采用射极跟随器接法的第一运算放大器CS1、CS2来1:1传递电压信息（采用射极跟随器的目的在于不影响采样电路的阻抗，以保证采样电压的真实有效），母线电压信号经差分放大电路抑制共模信号、放大差模信号，经滤波电路滤除高频噪声后被控制芯片采集，控制芯片采集到VBUS后，需要控制V2向VBUS靠近，因此控制并联模块2的开关S2闭合，将补偿电阻Rz2并联进电路，减小该支路的充电电阻，从而加大电池充电电流。For the parallel modules 1 and 2 in the embodiment, the collected current information I1 and I2 are converted into voltage information V1 and V2 through the sampling resistors RCS1 and RCS2 in the parallel modules 1 and 2 . Select the maximum battery voltage value V1 as the bus voltage VBUS. After sampling the battery voltage information, the voltage information is transmitted 1:1 through the first operational amplifier CS1 and CS2 connected by the emitter follower (the purpose of using the emitter follower is not to affect the impedance of the sampling circuit to ensure the sampling voltage Real and effective), the bus voltage signal suppresses the common-mode signal and amplifies the differential-mode signal through the differential amplifier circuit, and is collected by the control chip after the high-frequency noise is filtered out by the filter circuit. After the control chip collects VBUS, it needs to control V2 to approach VBUS, so Control the switch S2 of the parallel module 2 to close, and connect the compensation resistor Rz2 into the circuit in parallel to reduce the charging resistance of this branch, thereby increasing the charging current of the battery.
将差分放大电路P2的增益定为1:0.99，即阻值Rm2=0.99Rm1；Rm4=0.99Rm3。增益不采用1:1的原因在于若噪声干扰采样导致采样最大电流高于真实最大电流，则会形成正反馈，导致系统不稳定，所以人为制造一个小偏差，使采样最大电流比真实最大电流低一点。Set the gain of the differential amplifier circuit P2 as 1:0.99, that is, the resistance value Rm2=0.99Rm1; Rm4=0.99Rm3. The reason why the gain is not 1:1 is that if noise interferes with the sampling and the sampled maximum current is higher than the real maximum current, positive feedback will be formed and the system will be unstable. Therefore, a small deviation is artificially created to make the sampled maximum current lower than the real maximum current. a little.
针对需要隔离的情况，以并联模块1为例，可将并联模块替换为如下形式：For the situation where isolation is required, taking parallel module 1 as an example, the parallel module can be replaced by the following form:
并联模块包括第一限流电阻R1、第三限流电阻R3、采样电阻RCS1、补偿电阻Rz1、开关S1、电压互感器PT、二极管D1；The parallel module includes a first current limiting resistor R1, a third current limiting resistor R3, a sampling resistor RCS1, a compensation resistor Rz1, a switch S1, a voltage transformer PT, and a diode D1;
其连接关系为：供电端连接电压互感器PT的一次侧的一端，电压互感器PT的一次侧的另一端连接补偿电阻Rz1的一端、第一限流电阻R1的一端、采样电阻RCS1的一端与并联电池组中的单个电池B1的正极，补偿电阻Rz1另一端连接开关S1的一端，开关S1另一端连接采样电阻RCS1另一端、第一限流电阻R1另一端与供电端，第三限流电阻R3并联在电压互感器PT的二次侧，第三限流电阻R3一端连接二极管D1的正极，另一端接地，二极管D1负极连接第三电阻Rm3，如图2所示。The connection relationship is as follows: the power supply end is connected to one end of the primary side of the voltage transformer PT, and the other end of the primary side of the voltage transformer PT is connected to one end of the compensation resistor Rz1, one end of the first current limiting resistor R1, one end of the sampling resistor RCS1 and The positive pole of a single battery B1 in a parallel battery pack, the other end of the compensation resistor Rz1 is connected to one end of the switch S1, the other end of the switch S1 is connected to the other end of the sampling resistor RCS1, the other end of the first current limiting resistor R1 and the power supply end, the third current limiting resistor R3 is connected in parallel to the secondary side of the voltage transformer PT. One end of the third current limiting resistor R3 is connected to the anode of the diode D1, and the other end is grounded. The cathode of the diode D1 is connected to the third resistor Rm3, as shown in FIG. 2 .
在上述针对需要隔离情况的基础上，若想进一步提升精度，可将电压互感器PT与第三限流电阻R3替换为成本更高的内含霍尔传感器的检测芯片，如图3所示。On the basis of the isolation needs mentioned above, if you want to further improve the accuracy, you can replace the voltage transformer PT and the third current limiting resistor R3 with a more costly detection chip containing a Hall sensor, as shown in Figure 3.
上述实施例是对本发明的具体实施方式的说明，而非对本发明的限制，有关技术领域的技术人员在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下，还可做出各种变换和变化以得到相对应的等同的技术方案，因此所有等同的技术方案均应归入本发明的专利保护范围。The foregoing embodiments are descriptions of specific implementations of the present invention, rather than limitations of the present invention. Those skilled in the art may also make various transformations and changes without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention to obtain Corresponding equivalent technical solutions, therefore all equivalent technical solutions should fall into the patent protection scope of the present invention.
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